Geothermics最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of geothermal resource potential based on GIS information-driven model: A case study of the Songyuan, China","authors":"Ge Wang ,&nbsp;Changlai Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiujuan Liang ,&nbsp;Qinghai Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The enrichment of geothermal water resources is constrained by numerous factors. To avoid the waste of human, material, and resource costs caused by uninformed exploitation, it is essential to rationally delineate zones with potential geothermal water resources. This paper takes the mid-deep layered geothermal reservoir in Songyuan City, China, as an example. Based on geothermal geological conditions, geophysical conditions, circulation conditions, and heat source conditions, a multi-information-driven model was adopted to identify potential geothermal areas. Based on the factor independence test, the dataset of factors for this study was determined as follows: The Gutenberg-Lister B values, distance to faults, distance to the major grabens, land surface temperature, distance to the water system, and distance to the basement faults. Based on the geographic information system (GIS) supported the traditional information-driven model and the improved weighted information-driven model, the geothermal prediction maps were established using the impact factors maps. The prediction maps categorized the potential geothermal areas in Songyuan City into three levels: better potential area, medium potential area, and poor potential area. The better potential areas of the two models accounted for 10% and 12.4% of the total area, respectively, and are primarily located in the central-western sector, notably in the vicinity of Qian'an County and Ningjiang County. Furthermore, uncertainty analysis indicates that the two information-driven models exhibit a high level of consistency in over 97% of the region, with observable uncertainties confined mainly to the areas along the Second Songhua River and the northern mainstream of the Songhua River. The model comparison results show that the improved weighted information-driven model proposed in this study provides more accurate evaluation results than the traditional information-driven model. This study is expected to provide a foundational framework for the development and utilization of geothermal resources in Songyuan City, while also offering further exploration directions for medium-deep geothermal surveys at a regional scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 103587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrochemical evolution of hydrothermal systems driven by seawater mixing in the southeastern coastal region of China: insights from water chemistry and isotopes","authors":"Yongchao Cai ,&nbsp;Chunlei Liu ,&nbsp;Shengwei Cao ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Yan Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2026.103616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2026.103616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrothermal systems are extensively developed in the southeastern coastal region of China. However, their hydrochemical evolution following seawater mixing remains unclear. Based on hydrochemical and isotopic analyses (δ²H, δ¹⁸O, and δ³⁴S), this study investigates the origin of geothermal water, the degree of reservoir confinement, groundwater mobility, and the hydrochemical evolution induced by seawater mixing. According to the classification criteria of the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the geothermal waters were categorized into two types: coastal saline geothermal water (Group A, 7 samples near the coast) and hilly fresh geothermal water (Group B, 4 samples from inland hilly areas). Group A is recharged by both meteoric water and seawater, with seawater mixing ratios calculated from Cl⁻ and Br⁻ ranging from 2.61–72.97% and 2.10–88.24%, respectively. The two estimates are broadly consistent, although those based on Br⁻ exhibit a slightly higher maximum value. In contrast, Group B is recharged predominantly by meteoric water. Characteristic Na⁺/Cl⁻ and SO₄²⁻/Cl⁻ ratios suggest that the geothermal reservoirs of Group A are well confined with weak groundwater mobility, whereas those of Group B exhibit poor confinement and active groundwater mobility. Seawater mixing significantly enhances water–rock interactions: seawater mixing and high temperatures enhance silicate dissolution; cation exchange and chloritization alter the cation composition; microbial sulfate reduction modifies the sulfur isotopes and SO₄²⁻ concentration. This study reveals the hydrochemical evolution of coastal geothermal systems influenced by seawater mixing, providing insights for sustainable geothermal resource development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 103616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental insights into phase change energy walls for enhanced thermal stability and efficiency beyond conventional energy walls","authors":"Pengju Chen ,&nbsp;Chenglong Wang ,&nbsp;Abdelmalek Bouazza ,&nbsp;Xuanming Ding ,&nbsp;Gangqiang Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study experimentally compares the thermal responses of Phase Change Energy Walls (PEW) and Conventional Energy Walls (CEW) under heating–recovery conditions. Results show that compared with CEW, PEW effectively moderated fluctuations, with average reductions of 3.44 % during heating and 5.71 % during cooling. Over a 24-hour condition (12 h of heating and 12 h of recovery), PEW substantially mitigated thermal accumulation. Post-operation temperature rises were markedly lower in PEW (ΔT = 0.5–2.0 °C) than in CEW (ΔT = 2.1–3.5 °C), corresponding to reductions of 42.9–79.2 %. The improved thermal regulation stems from the incorporation of PCM (CA-MA, <em>T</em> = 19.5 °C), which absorbs latent heat during heating (solid–liquid transition) and releases it during cooling (liquid–solid transition), thereby delaying the temperature rise and accelerating dissipation. Temporal analysis revealed that &gt;40 % of wall and soil temperature changes occurred within the first 12 h, highlighting this period as optimal for heat exchange. PEW also enhanced wall–soil interaction, inducing 7–30 % greater variation in soil temperature. These findings confirm that PEW reduces thermal swings, suppresses accumulation, and improves geothermal wall efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 103573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicomponent solute geothermometry coupled with geochemical modeling of secondary processes in thermal waters from volcanic islands as a versatile tool for geothermal exploration. Insights from La Palma (Canary Islands)","authors":"Jon Jiménez ,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel Marazuela ,&nbsp;Luis F. Auqué ,&nbsp;Carlos Baquedano ,&nbsp;Jorge Martínez-León ,&nbsp;Samanta Gasco-Cavero ,&nbsp;Juan C. Santamarta ,&nbsp;Alejandro García-Gil","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing need to utilise geothermal resources for power generation has intensified the exploration of hotspot volcanic islands in recent decades. Thermal springs represent valuable natural laboratories for applying geothermometry to infer reservoir temperatures. Yet, secondary hydrochemical processes during fluid ascent, such as mixing or CO₂ exchange, often limit the applicability of geothermometry and must be addressed. On La Palma (Canary Islands), the Fuente Santa thermal ponds provide a unique discharge in the archipelago for testing these approaches. Geothermometric calculations for Fuente Santa were carried out using classical chemical geothermometers and multicomponent solute geothermometry simulations with PHREEQC. Simulations evaluated the impact of key hydrochemical processes in the system: (i) mixing with seawater and freshwater, (ii) CO₂ loss, (iii) mineral re-equilibration, and (iv) steam loss. The multicomponent modeling, which reconstructed the absolute thermal end-member by sensitivity analysis of saturation index convergence and extrapolation of the mixing path, yielded reservoir temperatures of 158–172 °C. The likely equilibrium mineral assemblage included quartz, mordenite, kaolinite, natrolite, and wairakite. This temperature range was narrower and more reliable than those inferred from silica and Na–K geothermometers (128–160 °C), underscoring the importance of accounting for hydrochemical alterations. The study highlights that reframing the ternary mixing problem into a simplified binary mixing, coupled with systematic sensitivity analysis of CO₂ and steam loss and secondary mineral equilibration, provides a more robust framework for multicomponent solute geothermometry. Such an integrated approach aims to enhance the accuracy of reservoir temperature estimates in complex geothermal systems in volcanic islands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 103583"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural controls on the geothermal reservoir across the Boye Area of Jizhong Depression, Northern China","authors":"Peng Dai ,&nbsp;Tobias Dalton ,&nbsp;Paul Eizenhoefer ,&nbsp;Sicong Zheng ,&nbsp;Kongyou Wu ,&nbsp;Zhenhai Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuntao Song ,&nbsp;Shengdong Wang ,&nbsp;Gege Zhang ,&nbsp;Yimin She","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The distribution of geothermal resources is strongly influenced by the surface–subsurface structural framework of a region, yet the quantitative coupling between fault systems and geothermal reservoirs remains insufficiently constrained in extensional basins. In this study, a multi-method approach integrating gas geochemistry, controlled-source electromagnetic, and geothermal well logging was applied to the Boye area to elucidate its structural–geothermal mechanism. The results reveal that the major NE–SW-trending listric normal faults with NW or SE dips dominate the structural framework and govern the spatial distribution of heat sources, reservoirs, and migration pathways. The deep carbonate geothermal reservoirs in Boye mainly consist of Middle Proterozoic (Jxw and Chg) dolomite, characterized by abundant fractures and cavities that provide effective storage space and enhance convective heat transfer, consistent with the observed reduction in geothermal gradient observed in borehole data. Geothermal accumulation in Boye are controlled by the integrated effects of source, migration, reservoir, and cap structures. Source structures facilitate the upward transfer of crust–mantle heat flow. Migration structures, comprising faults and unconformities, act as conduits that link deep sources with reservoirs. Reservoir structures include both fault-related and intra-reservoir fractures and cavities, providing favorable storage and flow conditions. Cap structures, affected by Cenozoic faulting, both govern meteoric recharge and thermal retention. This study establishes a structural–geothermal framework for the Boye area, demonstrating how extensional fault systems control heat and fluid migration, and providing a practical methodological reference for geothermal exploration in similar tectonic settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 103588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal conductivity of soils: A simplified unit cell model","authors":"Zhaoxiang Chu ,&nbsp;Xiaojiang Zang ,&nbsp;Xiaozhao Li ,&nbsp;Peng He ,&nbsp;Guosheng Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel unit cell model based on an approximate regular-triangular prism and quasi-inscribed sphere configuration was developed to estimate the effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of a porous or granular geomaterial, with particular emphasis on soils. At the meso‑pore-particle scale, the liquid phase in soils is modeled as capillary water, with the solid particles approximated as quasi-spheres and the gas phase represented as residual space-filling bodies embedded within a trigonal prismatic unit cell. Consequently, a comprehensive theoretical framework was rigorously developed through the application of the lumped parameter thermo-electric analogy method, resulting in an explicit analytical expression for the ETC of porous and granular geomaterials. This innovative model addresses the inherent spatial correction limitations associated with conventional spherical and cylindrical unit cells employed in previous upscaling methodologies. It allows to evaluate the ETC of soils with porosity in the range of [0.395 to 0.597] at all degrees of saturation from 0 to 1. The new model was compared and validated against other cellular models and experimental data; subsequent modifications demonstrate acceptable accuracy. Moreover, a promising initiative, i.e. evaluate the effects of multiphase component and porous/granular structure on the ETC of geomaterials from an evolutionary perspective, was conjectured based on pore/particle and pore water morphology/ distribution, offering a new way of investigating the macroscopic behaviors of complex geomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 103576"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tripping and staging into geothermal wells while assuring thermal protection of downhole tools and sensors","authors":"Yifan Zhang,&nbsp;Pradeepkumar Ashok,&nbsp;Dongmei Chen,&nbsp;Eric van Oort","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2026.103598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2026.103598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drilling and other well construction operations in high-temperature geothermal wells face a fundamental challenge: preventing downhole tool failure caused by exceeding temperature limits. Tripping into such wells needs to be staged to lower the possibility of thermal tool damage. This study investigates the bottomhole assembly (BHA) temperature evolution, cooling effectiveness, and operational design of staged trip-in practices in geothermal and other high-temperature wells. A thermo-hydraulic modeling framework is developed, combining a full-well finite volume model (FVM) with a lumped BHA-wellbore model, to capture transient well thermodynamics during drilling and staged trip-in operations. Model validation using Utah Forge Well 16B(78)-32 data shows that the root mean square error (RMSE) of bit/BHA temperature prediction ranges from 4°F (2.2°C) to 8°F (4.4°C). Sensitivity analyses demonstrate that the maximum stage length remains under 4-5 stands when tripping into wellbores with near-field formation temperatures in the range of 250°F (121°C) to 320°F (160°C) unless significant well geometry or mud property changes occur. The only strategy that consistently extends downhole sensor survivability beyond 8-10 stands is BHA external thermal insulation. Simulation results demonstrate that adding a field-proven 0.15 in (3.8 mm) coating with thermal conductivity of 9 BTU.in/hr/ft²/°F (1.30 W/m/K) can reduce BHA temperatures by up to 30°F (17°C), compared to unprotected configurations under these downhole conditions. The modeling and analysis can also help identify scenarios where staged circulation is insufficient and continuous circulation (i.e., circulation while making connections) is required to maintain safe tripping BHA temperatures. These findings provide practical and insightful guidance for the design of effective cooling strategies during geothermal and high-temperature oil and gas well drilling and tripping operations, ensuring safer and more efficient operations in extreme downhole thermal environments with a lowered risk of BHA component failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 103598"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of geophysical data and multicriteria decision analysis for geothermal assessment at Utah FORGE","authors":"Marcus L.A. do Amaral ,&nbsp;Mayara C.O. Caldeira ,&nbsp;Jose J.S. de Figueiredo ,&nbsp;João Rafael B.S. Da Silveira","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geothermal energy is one of the energy resources with the potential to contribute to clean electricity generation efficiently. This study employs a Fuzzy Logic-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA-Fuzzy) approach to assess the geothermal potential of an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) at the Utah Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE). The methodology integrates surface and subsurface data. Surface data include Bouguer anomaly, distance to faults and seismic epicenters, heat flow, and land surface temperature (LST), obtained from georeferenced databases and satellite imagery. Subsurface data consists of 2D sections derived from inverted magnetotelluric data, gravimetric inversion, P-wave velocity models, and basin-granitoid boundary delineation. Most data were sourced from the region’s Geothermal Data Repository (GDR). The application of the MCDA-Fuzzy methodology to surface data is compared with its application at depth to evaluate whether a surface-based assessment can provide results comparable to those obtained through geophysical modeling. The results include the construction of one geothermal potential map for the surface and six 2D maps at different depth levels, enabling a detailed spatial assessment of geothermal potential along the subsurface. We validated these maps using well-petrophysical data according to their corresponding geophysical properties. The analysis revealed that the geothermal potential estimated at the surface aligns with the distribution identified in-depth, highlighting a promising area in the eastern portion of the Utah FORGE site. It is concluded that the MCDA-Fuzzy methodology can be effectively used to assess the geothermal potential of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) using both surface data and geophysical modeling at depth, enabling the identification of promising areas for geothermal exploration with greater efficiency and lower computational cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 103590"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal conductivity and heat flow modeling of petroleum exploration and research wells onshore Svalbard","authors":"Matthijs Nuus ,&nbsp;Sven Fuchs ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Smyrak-Sikora ,&nbsp;Tabea Kubutat ,&nbsp;Kim Senger","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal properties such as thermal conductivity and radiogenic heat production are crucial to provide reliable heat flow estimates, with direct implications on geothermal exploration. Such parameters can be derived from laboratory analyses on drill core samples or estimated from standard wireline logs. Onshore the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, geothermal energy is being considered as an alternative to the diesel-fueled present-day energy supply. However, reliable thermal conductivity estimates are only available from fully cored research boreholes covering the Late Triassic to Paleogene sedimentary succession. Adequate temperatures for geothermal district heating (80 °C) are only reached at ca. 2 km depth beneath Longyearbyen, Svalbard’s largest settlement. At such depths, the thermal properties of the subsurface are unconstrained. In this contribution, we use petroleum exploration boreholes drilled to depths of up to 3.3 km onshore Svalbard to derive thermal properties from wireline logs for the Carboniferous to Paleogene succession. Lithology logs of ten boreholes were digitized and used as the foundation for thermal modeling. Based on these logs, we implemented two modeling cases: (1) assigning generalized thermal properties by lithology type, and (2) using thermal properties calculated directly from wireline logs, which also require lithological information. Our calculations suggest variable thermal conductivity from 0.4 to 4.2 W/mK, largely controlled by lithology. In the uppermost 1 km, where fully cored research boreholes are available, we compared the calculated thermal properties with the measured data from these boreholes. We observed similar trends between lithology and the calculated thermal conductivity; however, the calculated values are generally slightly lower than the values measured in the laboratory. Subsequently, we use the regional thermal properties as input to 1D heat flow modeling of ten boreholes and a hypothetical deep geothermal borehole beneath Longyearbyen. The calculated heat flow values span from 60 to 147 <span><math><msup><mrow><mtext>mW/m</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, with the highest values obtained from the Raddedalen borehole in Edgeøya. By calculating thermal properties from wireline logs, we allow for more accurate heat flow models, providing valuable insights into the spatial distribution of heat flow across Svalbard and its thermal state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 103585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of heat extraction using compact shallow ground heat panels with the interaction of stormwater- a residential case study","authors":"Mostafa Mohamed ,&nbsp;Abubaker Abdullah ,&nbsp;Omar El-Kezza ,&nbsp;Mohamad Abdel-Aal ,&nbsp;Alma Schellart ,&nbsp;Simon Tait","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A bespoke parallel shallow horizontal Ground Source Heat Pump system (GSHP) with a small footprint (50 m²) was installed to provide space heating and domestic hot water for a residential house in the North of England. The shallow GSHP was combined with a storm water infiltration trench and both were installed with an adjacent control house which was fitted with a standard gas boiler for space heating and hot water. Up to 350 metres of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipe with an external diameter of 40 mm connected in 2 parallel compact panels was used at the front and back of the house with the GSHP. The paper aims to (i) present data for the response of the ground to heat extraction using shallow ground heat panels and (ii) analytically model the heat gain in the ground heat exchanger panel, accounting for the thermal resistivity between the heat exchanger pipes and the surrounding soil, as well as the varriations in ground temperature and thermal conductivity. Internal and external ambient air temperatures, rainfall, coolant flow rate, coolant temperature, ground temperature and ground water level were monitored for a full year. The comprehensive field data were analysed to demonstrate the ground response and evaluate the performance of the shallow parallel ground heat extraction panels. Field data indicated that rainwater enhanced heat extraction and caused temporary increase in the ground temperature. Results from the analytical model are compared with measured temperature at five points on the ground heat extraction panel. The model showed good levels of predictive performance of the coolant temperature along the ground panel. However, it was noted that the model overestimates the coolant temperature at the centre point of the ground panel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 103563"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}