IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.05.006

Petr Hykš , Tomáš Kumpan

This study provides a taxonomic and biostratigraphic evaluation of Boreal ammonites from the erosional relics of the Brno Carbonate Platform (Czech Republic) located on the northern shelf of the Tethys Ocean during the Jurassic. Several sections were studied in the Brno-Hády and Olomučany areas. Ammonite taxonomy and biostratigraphy of these typical localities of the Brno Carbonate Platform was presented more than 90 years ago, and it has not been updated since then. In our study, we present a new collection of mainly Boreal cardioceratid ammonites with short stratigraphic range covering an interval between the uppermost Callovian Lamberti Zone to the lower Oxfordian Cordatum Zone. The immigration of Boreal ammonites to the studied area corresponds to the maximum of the ‘Boreal Spread’ event, which was the greatest southward expansion in the evolutionary history of the ammonite family Cardioceratidae and a major bio-event at the Middle–Late Jurassic (Callovian–Oxfordian) transition. The high-resolution stratigraphy of Callovian-Oxfordian transitional succession is provided for the first time for the Brno Carbonate Platform. The occurrences of the latest Callovian–early Oxfordian Boreal ammonites in the Brno Carbonate Platform indicate a direct marine connection with the Boreal Province during the Lamberti–Cordatum zones range. We also provide new data on the palaeobiodiversity and palaeobiogeography of Boreal ammonites and some remarks on the palaeogeography of the northern margin of the Tethys Ocean. The most probable migration route for Boreal ammonites was the Moravian Gate, connecting the Brno Carbonate Platform and the Polish Basin.

本文对位于特提斯洋北部陆架的捷克布尔诺碳酸盐岩台地侏罗纪侵蚀遗迹中的北方菊石进行了分类和生物地层学评价。研究了Brno-Hády和olomu any地区的几个部分。布尔诺碳酸盐岩台地典型地区的菊石分类和生物地层学早在90多年前就已提出，至今尚未更新。在我们的研究中，我们发现了一组新的菊石，主要是北方的心角纲菊石，其地层范围较短，覆盖了Callovian Lamberti带的最上端到oxford Cordatum带的下端。北洋菊石的迁移与“北洋扩散”事件的最大值相对应，这是菊石科Cardioceratidae进化史上最大的一次向南扩张，是中晚侏罗世（callows - oxfordian）过渡时期的一次重大生物事件。首次为布尔诺碳酸盐岩台地提供了高分辨率的卡洛世—牛津世过渡演替地层。在布尔诺碳酸盐岩台地发现的晚卡洛世—早牛津世的北方菊石，表明在Lamberti-Cordatum带范围内与北方省有直接的海相联系。我们还对北方菊石的古生物多样性和古生物地理提供了新的资料，并对特提斯洋北缘的古地理提出了一些看法。北方鹦鹉螺最可能的迁移路线是连接布尔诺碳酸盐岩台地和波兰盆地的摩拉维亚门。

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引用次数: 0

Palaeoecological insight into the Badenian Sea – Middle Miocene palaeoenvironments from the North Croatian Basin, Central Paratethys 巴登尼亚海-中中新世古环境的古生态学研究

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.05.005

Monika Milošević , Vlasta Ćosović , Valentina Hajek-Tadesse , Ines Galović , Mirjana Miknić , Viktória Baranyi

During the Badenian (Langhian–early Serravallian), a high diversity marine biocenosis inhabited the warm, normal-salinity environments spanning the epicontinental sea of the Alpine-Carpathian-Dinarides region known as Central Paratethys. The 95 m thick sedimentary succession of the Striježevica core, located in the southwestern part of the Pannonian Basin (North Croatian Basin), provides a unique insight into the palaeoenvironmental evolution from this part of the Paratethys, including changes in water depth, salinity, oxygen, and nutrient levels. An integrated analysis, including calcareous nannoplankton, dinoflagellate cysts, benthic and planktonic foraminifera, ostracods, and diversity proxies, revealed three phases of palaeoenvironmental evolution. The stratigraphic position of the studied succession in the NN4/5 Zone is indicated by the nannoplankton assemblage with Helicosphaera waltrans, along with the presence of the planktonic foraminifera Orbulina suturalis, and the dinoflagellate cyst Unipontidinium aquaeductus, correlated to the Middle Miocene Badenian stage. Micropalaeontological proxies indicated shelf to upper slope environments under the influence of shallow-water conditions. At the base of the Striježevica core, the composition of small benthic foraminiferal assemblages and their diversity indices indicated a eutrophic-mesotrophic environment with constant nutrient input. A “transitional environment” in the middle part of the Striježevica core was characterized by eutrophication related to the fertilization effect of enhanced volcanic activity in the surrounding area. A shallowing upward trend is suggested by an increase in oxygen content at the sea bed, a decrease in species richness, and a diversity drop in the benthic foraminiferal assemblage. The upper part of the section depicted a shallow, oligotrophic environment with seagrass meadows evidenced by the predominance of Biasterigerina planorbis and cibicidoids.

在巴登纪（朗吉安-塞拉瓦利亚早期），一个高度多样化的海洋生物群落生活在温暖、正常盐度的环境中，横跨阿尔卑斯-喀尔巴阡山脉-迪纳里德斯地区的陆表海，被称为中央帕拉提提斯。位于Pannonian盆地（北克罗地亚盆地）西南部的Striježevica岩心的95 m厚的沉积演替，为研究Paratethys部分的古环境演化提供了独特的视角，包括水深、盐度、氧气和营养水平的变化。综合分析钙质纳米浮游生物、鞭毛藻囊、底栖和浮游有孔虫、介形虫和多样性指标，揭示了古环境演化的三个阶段。NN4/5带研究演替的地层位置由waltrans Helicosphaera的纳米浮游生物组合、Orbulina suturalis的浮游有孔虫和Unipontidinium aquaeductus的鞭毛藻囊指示，与中中新世巴登纪有关。微体古生物学指标表明，受浅水条件影响的陆架-上坡环境。在Striježevica岩心底部，小型底栖有孔虫组合的组成及其多样性指数表明其为富营养化-中营养化环境，营养输入恒定。Striježevica岩心中部的“过渡性环境”以富营养化为特征，这与周围火山活动增强的施肥效应有关。海底含氧量的增加、物种丰富度的减少和底栖有孔虫组合的多样性下降表明了浅层上升趋势。剖面上部为浅层贫营养环境，以Biasterigerina planorbis和cibicidoids为主，可见海草草甸。

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引用次数: 0

Newly discovered Middle Jurassic dinosaur tracks in the Baladeh region and faunal changes in northern Iran 在巴拉德地区新发现的中侏罗世恐龙足迹和伊朗北部的动物变化

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.05.004

Lida Xing , Nasrollah Abbassi , Qiyan Chen

During the Triassic–Jurassic period, the West Asian region was situated in the coastal area of Northern Tethys and served as a key paleobiogeographic link between European and Asian faunal evolution. However, the Early Mesozoic tetrapod record from this region is relatively limited in contrast to Iran, which is situated in south-eastern West Asia and predominantly characterized by track records. This study presents new tracksites discovered in the early Middle Jurassic of the Baladeh region, southern margin of the North-Central zone Alborz Mountains in northern Iran. These sites are characterized by the dominance of basal ornithischian tracks, Anomoepus, alongside Brontopodus-like sauropod trackways and the occurrence of tiny tetrapod swimming track. The inclusion of various herbivores of the Middle Jurassic Baladeh ichnofauna was possibly influenced by the change in climate and vegetal resources, as well as by the contemporaneous ornithischian radiation center in southwest China. Testing this hypothesis will require the discovery of additional fossil evidence from the Middle East and Eastern Asia.

在三叠纪-侏罗纪时期，西亚地区位于北特提斯沿海地区，是连接欧洲和亚洲动物进化的关键古生物地理纽带。然而，与位于西亚东南部的伊朗相比，该地区早中生代四足动物的记录相对有限，以迹迹记录为主。本文介绍了在伊朗北部Alborz山脉中北带南缘Baladeh地区中侏罗世早期发现的新足迹。这些遗址以鸟臀目（Anomoepus）的基底足迹为主，与类雷龙目（brontopodus）的蜥脚类足迹为伴，并有微小的四足动物游泳足迹。中侏罗统Baladeh ichno动物群中各种食草动物的分布可能受到气候和植被资源变化的影响，也可能受到同时期西南地区鸟目动物辐射中心的影响。要验证这一假设，需要在中东和东亚发现更多的化石证据。

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引用次数: 0

First palynological record from Corcovado, central Patagonia, Argentina: Evidence for an age between the late Eocene and the Miocene 阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚中部Corcovado的第一个孢粉记录：始新世晚期和中新世之间的证据

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.01.001

Sol Noetinger , Roberto Román Pujana , Juan Leandro García Massini , Viviana Dora Barreda , Inés Aramendía

We present the first palynological record from the Corcovado locality in Chubut, central Patagonia, Argentina. The analyzed stratigraphic section, tentatively attributed to the Huitrera Formation, yielded a single productive horizon containing spores, pollen grains, and fungal remains, despite generally poor preservation. A total of 38 species were identified, comprising 22 angiosperms, 2 gymnosperms, 9 pteridophytes, and 5 distinct fungal morphotypes. The Nothofagaceae family is notably dominant, accounting for approximately 50% of the identified palynoflora, with no warm-climate adapted taxa recorded. Ordination analyses suggest that the studied assemblage reflects terrestrial environments consistent with other Cenozoic deposits in Patagonia; however, it lacks sufficient resolution for precise age determination, suggesting a late Eocene or younger age. Its stratigraphic position, underlying the Miocene Ñorquinco/Ñirihuau Formation, constrains its minimum age, suggesting a late Eocene to Miocene age interval for the analyzed section. The study contributes to the understanding of the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic conditions of the region, revealing vegetation patterns typical of terrestrial ecosystems. Furthermore, it addresses a significant gap in paleobotanical research in central Patagonia, an area that has been comparatively underexplored relative to other parts of the region.

我们提出了阿根廷中部巴塔哥尼亚Chubut的Corcovado地区的第一个孢粉记录。经过分析的地层剖面，暂定为Huitrera组，发现了一个含有孢子、花粉粒和真菌遗骸的单一生产层，尽管保存得很差。共鉴定出38种，其中被子植物22种，裸子植物2种，蕨类植物9种，真菌形态5种。孢粉菌科（Nothofagaceae）在孢粉菌群中占有显著优势，约占已鉴定孢粉菌群的50%，未发现适应温暖气候的分类群。排序分析表明，所研究的组合反映了与巴塔哥尼亚其他新生代矿床一致的陆相环境；然而，它缺乏足够的分辨率来精确测定年龄，表明它的年龄在始新世晚期或更年轻。其地层位置位于中新世Ñorquinco/Ñirihuau组之下，限制了其最小年龄，表明所分析剖面的年龄区间为晚始新世至中新世。该研究有助于了解该地区的古环境和古气候条件，揭示典型的陆地生态系统植被格局。此外，它还解决了巴塔哥尼亚中部古植物学研究的重大空白，该地区相对于该地区的其他地区勘探相对不足。

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引用次数: 0

Morphology and growth factors of the Cambrian oncoids in the Shuangquan section, China 双泉剖面寒武系类瘤类的形态与生长因子

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.05.003

Yidan Zhu

The strata of the Xuzhuang Formation in the Shuangquan section of the North China Platform show continuous outcrops with various oncoids that lack conspicuous laminates microscopically. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the distinct oncoids present in the Xuzhuang Formation in the Shuangquan section. Macroscopically, the orientation of the long axis of the oncoids presents different angles with the bedding surface, indicating growth in a turbulent, high-energy environment. Microscopically, the oncoids can be classified into five types based on morphological disparities: suborbicular, elliptical, elongated, rod-shaped, and irregular oncoid, with the nucleus predominantly situated near the center of the oncoid in most instances. Notably, these oncoids reveal filamentous calcified cyanobacteria fossils. This suggests that oncoid formation is the intricate result of calcification processes within biofilms and microbial mats dominated by cyanobacteria. Microscopic examination also reveals residual microbial mats and eroded oncoids. As a result, it is posited that the proper hydrodynamic energy, incident light conditions, and microbial activity constitute the three principal factors driving oncoid development in the Shuangquan section. Consequently, our findings not only present a representative instance of the diversity of Cambrian oncoids on the North China Platform, but also allow for a better understanding of the environment and process of oncoid formation.

华北地台双泉剖面徐庄组地层为连续露头，形态各异，镜下无明显层状。本文综合分析了双泉剖面徐庄组独特的癌状类。宏观上，类瘤体长轴的方向与层理面呈不同角度，表明生长在湍流、高能环境中。镜下根据形态差异可分为近圆形、椭圆形、长条形、杆状和不规则五种类型，多数结节核位于中心附近。值得注意的是，这些癌状体揭示了丝状钙化蓝藻化石。这表明，癌样的形成是复杂的结果钙化过程在生物膜和微生物席主导的蓝藻。显微镜检查还发现残留的微生物席和侵蚀的癌样。综上所述，适宜的水动力能、入射光条件和微生物活性是驱动双泉剖面瘤体发育的三个主要因素。因此，我们的发现不仅提供了华北地台寒武系类瘤多样性的代表性实例，而且有助于更好地了解类瘤的形成环境和过程。

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引用次数: 0

New fossil Asian palm civets (Carnivora, Viverridae) from the Siwaliks of Pakistan 巴基斯坦西瓦利克地区亚洲棕榈果子狸新化石（食肉目，果子狸科）

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.05.002

Sayyed Ghyour Abbas , Camille Grohé , Ari Grossman , Khalid Mahmood , Muhammad Adeeb Babar , Muhammad Akbar Khan

The Neogene fossil record of Asian palm civets (Viverridae of the subfamilies Paradoxurinae and Hemigalinae) is extremely rare and scarce, and until now mostly restricted to Africa. Here we describe two new species of extinct Asian palm civets from the Siwaliks of Pakistan. Two isolated lower carnassial teeth were collected from Upper Miocene deposits of the Dhok Pathan Formation in the vicinity of Hasnot, Jhelum, and from Middle Miocene deposits of the Chinji Formation in Kanhatti, Khushab, Punjab province of Pakistan. The Hasnot specimen belongs to the genus Mioparadoxurus, previously reported from Haritalyangar, a Late Miocene locality of northern India. The unique morphology of the specimen (e.g., larger and stouter paraconid, high-crowned talonid with three cuspids, talonid larger than trigonid, undivided paraconid and hypoconulid), in addition to its small size, allows us to attribute it to the new species Mioparadoxurus micros nov. sp. This occurrence extends the geographical range of the genus into Pakistan. Mioparadoxurus is closely related to the extant palm civet Paradoxurus and thus constitutes one of the rare fossil members of the subfamily Paradoxurinae in Asia. The Kanhatti specimen is also unique in its morphology. It is small, has low hypoconid cusplets, and a unique combination of characters of its talonid cuspids. We attribute this lower carnassial to the new genus and species Parakichechia sikandari nov. gen., nov. sp., which shows similarities to the extinct African genus Kichechia, placed in either the subfamily Paradoxurinae or Hemigalinae. Although the material of these two new species does not permit full investigation of phylogenetic relationships between fossil and extant palm civets, it highlights the importance of South Asian Neogene deposits for understanding the evolutionary history of modern Asian faunas.

亚洲棕榈果子狸新近纪的化石记录极其罕见和稀少，直到现在主要局限于非洲。在这里，我们描述了两个新物种灭绝的亚洲棕榈果子狸从巴基斯坦的西瓦里克。在Jhelum Hasnot附近的上中新世Dhok Pathan组沉积物和巴基斯坦旁遮普省Khushab Kanhatti的中中新世Chinji组沉积物中收集了两个孤立的下卡尼萨尔牙齿。Hasnot标本属于Mioparadoxurus属，以前在印度北部晚中新世的Haritalyangar地区报道过。该标本的独特形态（例如，较大且较粗的副纲，有三个尖的高冠talonid，比三角体大的talonid，未分的副纲和下圆锥），加上它的小尺寸，使我们能够将其归为新物种Mioparadoxurus micros nov. sp。这一发现将该属的地理范围扩展到巴基斯坦。Mioparadoxurus与现存的棕榈果子狸有密切的亲缘关系，是亚洲罕见的果子狸亚科化石成员之一。坎哈提标本在形态上也很独特。它体型小，具有低的下圆锥齿，并具有独特的爪状齿的组合特征。我们将这一较低的食性归因于新属和新种Parakichechia sikandari nov. gen., nov. sp.，它与已灭绝的非洲属Kichechia相似，被置于Paradoxurinae亚科或Hemigalinae。虽然这两个新种的材料不能全面研究化石和现存棕榈果子狸之间的系统发育关系，但它强调了南亚新近纪沉积物对理解现代亚洲动物群进化史的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Muroid rodents from the Lower Siwalik deposits near Ramnagar (Jammu and Kashmir), India: Biostratigraphic implication 印度Ramnagar（查谟和克什米尔）附近下Siwalik沉积物中的Muroid啮齿动物：生物地层意义

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.12.003

Varun Parmar , Rigzin Norboo , Deepak Singh Kshetrimayum , Rahul Magotra

Various Lower Siwalik localities within the Ramnagar basin in Northwestern Jammu Himalaya (India) are known to yield diverse Miocene fossil mammals. However, as neither magnetostratigraphic ages nor radiometric dates are available, absolute temporal constraints on the fossiliferous horizons are missing. Some age diagnostic fauna recorded from the Ramnagar area has been utilized to date some fossil productive horizons such as Kalaunta 2 (K2), Dehari 1 (D1), Dehari 2 (D2), and Basi. In the present work murine dentition recovered from the Lower Basi (LB) site is reported. Based on the micromammalian assemblage at K2, D1 and LB, the fossiliferous horizons are placed in a composite stratigraphic column of the Ramnagar Basin. Variation of micromammalian content across these three fossiliferous horizons document dominance of cricetid rodents and absence of rhizomyine rodents at K2 site, abundance of rhizomyine rodents and scarcity of cricetid rodents at D1 site, and absence of cricetids rodents but presence of rhizomyine and murine rodents in the LB site.

查谟-喜马拉雅（印度）西北部Ramnagar盆地内的各种Lower Siwalik地区已知产生各种中新世哺乳动物化石。然而，由于既没有磁地层年龄，也没有放射性测年，对化石层位的绝对时间限制是缺失的。从Ramnagar地区记录的一些年龄诊断动物群被用来确定Kalaunta 2 （K2）、Dehari 1 （D1）、Dehari 2 （D2）和Basi等化石生产层位的年代。在本工作中，报告了从下基底（LB）部位恢复的小鼠牙列。根据K2、D1和LB的微哺乳动物组合，将化石层位置于Ramnagar盆地的复合地层柱中。在这三个化石层中，小哺乳动物含量的变化表明，在K2位点，环状环状啮齿类动物占优势，而根瘤素类动物缺乏；在D1位点，环状环状啮齿类动物丰富，而环状环状啮齿类动物缺乏；在LB位点，环状环状啮齿类动物缺乏，但存在根瘤素类动物和小鼠类动物。

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引用次数: 0

Fossil moray eels (Muraenidae) from the interoceanic Central American seaway 中美洲海道的海鳗化石（海鳗科）

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.12.004

Orangel Aguilera , Carlos de Gracia , Félix Rodriguez , Olga Oliveira de Araújo , Werner Schwarzhans , Philippe Béarez , Antoni Lombarte , Paulo Andreas Buckup , Ricardo Tadeu Lopes

Despite the wide distribution and diversity of extant Anguilliformes in tropical America (central western Atlantic and central eastern Pacific), no fossil moray ell (Muraenidae) has been reported to date from this region. Here, we describe the first three fossil specimens of Muraeninae from America: one from the Late Miocene Gatun Formation (Fm.), the second from the Late Pliocene Escudo de Veraguas Fm., both from Panama, and the third from the Late Pliocene Rio Banano Fm. in Costa Rica. Gymnothorax pierreolivieri nov. sp. from the Gatun Fm. is described based on the skull and an in situ otolith. The new species is characterized by a premaxilla-ethmo-vomerine bone (PMx-Etv) with 15 marginal fang-like teeth, two medial teeth, and 13 vomerine teeth arranged in a single row. The dorsal stem of the PMx-Etv forms a very thick and massive structure, with a single anterior foramen located in the anterior tip of the bone. The maxilla has 16 teeth arranged in a double row. The sagitta otolith is elliptic and tapered anteriorly; its posterior margin is smooth and gently rounded; its dorsal margin is slightly arched and elevated posteriorly. The isolated otoliths from the Escudo de Veraguas Fm. in Panama and from the Rio Banano Fm. in Costa Rica are putatively assigned to Echidna sp. and Enchelycore sp., respectively. The diversification of American Muraenidae seems to have been driven by oceanic water interchanges and species dispersal associated to marine currents that flowed eastward through the Central American Seaway prior to the total closure of the Panama Isthmus. The extant American muraenid diversity illustrates allopatric speciation (vicariance) when populations from the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans were isolated by the late Tertiary uplift of the Isthmus of Panama. The palaeoceanographic changes driven by this geological event have had evolutionary consequences on faunal turnover and extinctions through space and time and is reflected by the extant fish diversity.

尽管在热带美洲（大西洋中西部和太平洋中部东部）现存的鳗形目分布广泛，种类繁多，但迄今为止在该地区尚未发现鳗形目（Muraenidae）化石。在这里，我们描述了来自美洲的前三个Muraeninae化石标本：一个来自晚中新世的Gatun组（Fm.），另一个来自晚上新世的Escudo de Veraguas组。第三个来自晚上新世的Banano Fm。在哥斯达黎加。裸子胸（Gymnothorax pierreolivieri） 11月11日摄于加顿Fm。是根据颅骨和原位耳石描述的。新物种的特征是前颌-下颌-下颌骨（PMx-Etv）， 15个边缘尖牙，2个中间齿和13个排成一行的下颌齿。PMx-Etv的背干形成一个非常厚且巨大的结构，在骨的前尖端有一个单一的前孔。上颌骨有16颗牙齿排成两排。矢状耳石呈椭圆形，前呈锥形；它的后缘光滑，微圆；它的背缘稍呈弓形并向后抬高。从Escudo de Veraguas Fm发现的孤立耳石。在巴拿马和bbbbo Banano Fm。在哥斯达黎加分别被推定为Echidna sp和Enchelycore sp。美洲Muraenidae的多样化似乎是由海水交换和物种分散所驱动的，在巴拿马地峡完全关闭之前，洋流向东流过中美洲海道。现存的美洲muraenid多样性说明了来自大西洋和太平洋的种群被晚第三纪巴拿马地峡的隆起所隔离时的异域物种形成（vicariance）。由这一地质事件驱动的古海洋学变化，在空间和时间上对动物更替和灭绝产生了进化后果，并反映在现存鱼类多样性上。

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引用次数: 0

Borophagine canids of the Monarch Mill Formation (Middle Miocene), Nevada, U.S.A. 美国内华达帝王磨坊组（中新世中期）的犬科动物

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.011

Z. Jack Tseng , Xiaoming Wang

The non-marine Middle Miocene Monarch Mill Formation (Nevada, U.S.A.) outcrops in the Middlegate Basin and preserves fossil mammals that lived during the establishment of the present-day basin and range topography in central Nevada. The Monarch Mill Formation and its mammal fauna overlie the Middlegate Formation and its flora, and together the biota provides an informative window into ecosystem composition at the geographic crossroads between the Great Plains and the coastal regions of North America during the Middle Miocene. Here we report on previously undescribed and/or unfigured canids from the Monarch Mill Formation. To the previously known borophagine Tomarctus brevirostris and the fox-like canine Leptocyon we add two borophagine genera to the Eastgate Local Fauna of the Monarch Mill Formation. Specimens of the hypocarnivores Paracynarctus and Cynarctus are described and provide an enhanced understanding of the Middlegate Basin canid assemblage, now comprising at least four genera. Together with floral evidence, this canid assemblage is indicative of mesocarnivore-sustaining vegetation and locally limited open environments, with no hypercarnivorous canid occurrences. Rapid regional subsidence was an overarching factor in the shift towards present-day hyper- and meso-carnivore dominated canid assemblages in the Basin and Range Province, and the appearance of hypercarnivores in post-Barstovian times may reflect contemporaneous regional topographic shifts in the Great Basin at large.

非海相中中新世帝王磨坊组（美国内华达州）在米德尔盖特盆地露头，并保存了在内华达中部盆地和山脉地形建立期间生活的哺乳动物化石。君主磨坊组和它的哺乳动物群覆盖在米德尔盖特组和它的植物群上，这些生物群一起提供了一个信息窗口，可以了解中新世中期大平原和北美沿海地区地理十字路口的生态系统组成。在这里，我们报告了以前未描述和/或未计算的犬科动物从君主磨坊组。在先前已知的borophagine Tomarctus brevirostris和fox-like canine lepptocyon的基础上，我们将两个borophagine属添加到Monarch Mill Formation的Eastgate Local Fauna中。描述了准食肉动物Paracynarctus和Cynarctus的标本，并提供了对米德尔盖特盆地犬科动物组合的更好理解，现在至少包括四个属。结合植物的证据，这一犬科动物组合表明了中肉食性植被和局部有限的开放环境，没有超肉食性犬科动物的出现。快速的区域沉降是盆地和山脉省向现今超食肉动物和中食肉动物为主的犬科动物组合转变的主要因素，后巴斯托夫时代超食肉动物的出现可能反映了大盆地同期区域地形的变化。

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Diversity of the pterodactyloid ichnites of Crayssac (Lower Tithonian, Late Jurassic, southwestern France) 克雷萨克（法国西南部晚侏罗世下梯东世）翼手类岩的多样性

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.12.002

Jean-Michel Mazin, Joane Pouech

The ichnosite of Crayssac (Upper Jurassic, southwestern France) yields numerous vertebrates and invertebrates trackways, among which the pterodactyloid pterosaur trackways are frequent. One hundred and sixty nine vertebrate trackways (turtles, crocodilians, dinosaurs and pterosaurs) have been unearthed by our team. They are preserved in situ, are sheltered by a building and legally protected within the Réserve Naturelle Nationale Géologique du Lot. Among these vertebrate trackways, sixty-four can be attributed to tiny- to medium-sized pterodactyloids, representing five morphotypes referred to five new ichnospecies: Morphotype I, Pteraichnus occitanis (1 specimen); Morphotype II, Pteraichnus cadurcii (12 specimens); Morphotype III, Pteraichnus communis (21 specimens); Morphotype IV, Pteraichnus dichnopollex (10 specimens); and Morphotype V, Pteraichnus pyrenaicus (7 specimens). These trackways are finely preserved and represent a unique, abundant and diversified sample. Study of complete trackways rather than isolated footprints allows access to important parameters such as the velocity or the comparative gauges. Similarly, the orientation of all vertebrate trackways shows that the pterosaurs moved actively across the mudflat, without preferred direction.

Crayssac（法国西南部上侏罗统）的ichnosite上发现了许多脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的足迹，其中翼手类翼龙足迹较为常见。我们的团队已经发现了169条脊椎动物的足迹（海龟、鳄鱼、恐龙和翼龙）。它们被保存在原地，受到建筑的保护，并受到国家自然保护组织（r serve Naturelle Nationale g ologique du Lot）的法律保护。在这些脊椎动物足迹中，64条属于中小型翼手纲，代表5种形态类型，涉及5个新种：形态类型I， Pteraichnus occitanis（1个标本）；形态型II型，无迹蝶（12份）；3型，共翼毛虫（21份）；形态型IV，双斑翼蚊（10份）；V型为pyrenaichnus（7份）。这些铁轨保存完好，代表了一个独特、丰富和多样化的样本。研究完整的轨道，而不是孤立的足迹，可以获得重要的参数，如速度或比较仪表。同样，所有脊椎动物足迹的方向都表明翼龙在泥滩上主动移动，没有偏好的方向。

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