A new genus and species of Aleurodicinae whiteflies from the Eocene Baltic amber are described. Eogroehnia carsteni Drohojowska and Szwedo, nov. gen., nov. sp., is the third representative of Aleurodicinae from Baltic amber. Morphological features of this new whitefly are discussed in the context of features of other contemporaneous aleurodicine whiteflies.
{"title":"A third aleurodicine from the Eocene Baltic amber – Eogroehnia carsteni nov. gen., nov. sp. (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aleyrodidae)","authors":"Jowita Drohojowska , Weronika Bogusiak , Sonia Kurkina , Jacek Szwedo","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new genus and species of Aleurodicinae whiteflies from the Eocene Baltic amber are described. <em>Eogroehnia carsteni</em> Drohojowska and Szwedo, nov. gen., nov. sp., is the third representative of Aleurodicinae from Baltic amber. Morphological features of this new whitefly are discussed in the context of features of other contemporaneous aleurodicine whiteflies.</div><div>LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:93AD9D3D-DEF3-4989-8E2C-D8AAB61E3A9A.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 71-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.02.004
Muhammad Akbar Khan , Kiran Aftab , Sayyed Ghyour Abbas , Muhammad Khaled Siddiq , Khalid Mahmood , Muhammad Adeeb Babar , Muhammad Akhtar
New Early to Middle Pleistocene equid material has been recovered from the Upper Siwalik Subgroup at Sardhok (Pabbi Hills, Pakistan). Large-sized and relatively hypsodont horses are common elements of the Pleistocene faunas of the Subcontinent. The fossils represent the early Equus of the Siwaliks, and shares many morphological characters with already known E. sivalensis and E. namadicus material from other localities of the Upper Siwalik Subgroup. However, the described material shows variation in size and morphology, hence, described as Equus morphotype I and Equus morphotype II. The Equus material is more abundant in the Sardhok site than any other known sites of the Pabbi Hills, Pakistan.
{"title":"Equus remains from the Pleistocene deposits of Sardhok Pabbi Hills, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Akbar Khan , Kiran Aftab , Sayyed Ghyour Abbas , Muhammad Khaled Siddiq , Khalid Mahmood , Muhammad Adeeb Babar , Muhammad Akhtar","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New Early to Middle Pleistocene equid material has been recovered from the Upper Siwalik Subgroup at Sardhok (Pabbi Hills, Pakistan). Large-sized and relatively hypsodont horses are common elements of the Pleistocene faunas of the Subcontinent. The fossils represent the early <em>Equus</em> of the Siwaliks, and shares many morphological characters with already known <em>E</em>. <em>sivalensis</em> and <em>E</em>. <em>namadicus</em> material from other localities of the Upper Siwalik Subgroup. However, the described material shows variation in size and morphology, hence, described as <em>Equus</em> morphotype I and <em>Equus</em> morphotype II. The <em>Equus</em> material is more abundant in the Sardhok site than any other known sites of the Pabbi Hills, Pakistan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 153-162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141692399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.02.005
Camille Thabard , Jean-Baptiste Fourvel
Despite an extensive fossil record, the Plio-Pleistocene canids of South Africa remain little studied compared to other carnivore guilds (felids and hyenids). Minnaar’s Cave (Gauteng, South Africa) is a paleontological site dated ca. 2 Ma. In 1937, Broom identified a new jackal-like species, Canis antiquus. The species was never re-identified elsewhere, despite the fossil richness of the other Cradle of Humankind sites and the abundance of medium-sized canids in the assemblages. The present paper reassesses the taxonomic status of C. antiquus in the light of consistent modern and fossil comparison samples for the two species of African jackal (Lupulella mesomelas and Lupulella adusta) as well as raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides, Nyctereutes terblanchei) and Nyctereutes-like species (Canis brevirostris). The paleontological study highlights the considerable morphometric variability of medium-sized canids, which means that a part of individuals shares similarities from one species to another. Nevertheless, the co-occurrence of diagnostic criteria for different anatomical elements (e.g., various teeth) enables specific identification. Our study invalidates the existence of C. antiquus and reassigns the fossils to L. adusta. The study of the Minnaar’s Cave specimens contributes to highlighting the presence of L. adusta in the Plio-Pleistocene assemblages of South Africa, previously considered scarce.
{"title":"Reassessment of the taxonomic status of Canis antiquus (Carnivora, Canidae) from the Early Pleistocene site of Minnaar’s Cave (Gauteng, South Africa)","authors":"Camille Thabard , Jean-Baptiste Fourvel","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite an extensive fossil record, the Plio-Pleistocene canids of South Africa remain little studied compared to other carnivore guilds (felids and hyenids). Minnaar’s Cave (Gauteng, South Africa) is a paleontological site dated ca. 2 Ma. In 1937, Broom identified a new jackal-like species, <em>Canis antiquus</em>. The species was never re-identified elsewhere, despite the fossil richness of the other Cradle of Humankind sites and the abundance of medium-sized canids in the assemblages. The present paper reassesses the taxonomic status of <em>C. antiquus</em> in the light of consistent modern and fossil comparison samples for the two species of African jackal (<em>Lupulella mesomelas</em> and <em>Lupulella adusta</em>) as well as raccoon dog (<em>Nyctereutes procyonoides</em>, <em>Nyctereutes terblanchei</em>) and <em>Nyctereutes</em>-like species (<em>Canis brevirostris).</em> The paleontological study highlights the considerable morphometric variability of medium-sized canids, which means that a part of individuals shares similarities from one species to another. Nevertheless, the co-occurrence of diagnostic criteria for different anatomical elements (e.g., various teeth) enables specific identification. Our study invalidates the existence of <em>C. antiquus</em> and reassigns the fossils to <em>L. adusta</em>. The study of the Minnaar’s Cave specimens contributes to highlighting the presence of <em>L. adusta</em> in the Plio-Pleistocene assemblages of South Africa, previously considered scarce.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 241-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141845946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.02.006
Dominique Mediodia , Abigael Castro , Meyrick Tablizo , David Policarpio , Joeven Calvelo , John Phillip Baguio , Antero Borja II , Chien-Hsiang Lin , Allan Gil Fernando
Systematic fish fossil studies are scarce in the tropical West Pacific, which hinders our understanding of historical processes that resulted in the modern fish fauna in the region. To fill this gap, we reviewed published and domestic fish fossil reports in the Philippines, assessed the status of paleoichthyological research, described fish fossil-bearing sedimentary basins and formations, highlighted difficulties, and provided prospects for future research opportunities. So far, six published documents have reported Oligocene to Pleistocene fish fossils from three sedimentary basins: Cagayan Valley Basin, Ilocos-Central Luzon Basin, and Visayan Sea Basin. Based on domestic reports, we have identified six additional stratigraphic units containing Miocene to Pleistocene fish fossils, such as skeletons, mouth plates, teeth, vertebrae, and otoliths. Moreover, we identified 58 fossiliferous units from eight sedimentary basins for future explorations. The lack of expertise, however, hinders the systematic sampling and study of fish fossils in the country. We recommend developing a national program for paleoichthyological research and promoting paleontology by engaging researchers, government agencies, private collectors, and the general public. This concerted effort will enhance our understanding of the paleoichthyological fauna of the Philippines, which is vital in bridging the knowledge gap on fish fossil records in the West Pacific region.
{"title":"Paleoichthyology in the Philippines: A review of Cenozoic fish fossils with insights on its current status and future opportunities","authors":"Dominique Mediodia , Abigael Castro , Meyrick Tablizo , David Policarpio , Joeven Calvelo , John Phillip Baguio , Antero Borja II , Chien-Hsiang Lin , Allan Gil Fernando","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Systematic fish fossil studies are scarce in the tropical West Pacific, which hinders our understanding of historical processes that resulted in the modern fish fauna in the region. To fill this gap, we reviewed published and domestic fish fossil reports in the Philippines, assessed the status of paleoichthyological research, described fish fossil-bearing sedimentary basins and formations, highlighted difficulties, and provided prospects for future research opportunities. So far, six published documents have reported Oligocene to Pleistocene fish fossils from three sedimentary basins: Cagayan Valley Basin, Ilocos-Central Luzon Basin, and Visayan Sea Basin. Based on domestic reports, we have identified six additional stratigraphic units containing Miocene to Pleistocene fish fossils, such as skeletons, mouth plates, teeth, vertebrae, and otoliths. Moreover, we identified 58 fossiliferous units from eight sedimentary basins for future explorations. The lack of expertise, however, hinders the systematic sampling and study of fish fossils in the country. We recommend developing a national program for paleoichthyological research and promoting paleontology by engaging researchers, government agencies, private collectors, and the general public. This concerted effort will enhance our understanding of the paleoichthyological fauna of the Philippines, which is vital in bridging the knowledge gap on fish fossil records in the West Pacific region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 163-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.02.007
Ștefan Vasile , Oleksandr Kovalchuk , Márton Venczel , Bogdan-Gabriel Rățoi , Bogdan-Stelian Haiduc
This paper performs a revision of teleost fish and squamate reptile material from the Early Pliocene sites of Berești and Mălușteni (eastern Romania), found in old collections, but never described in detail. The fish assemblage includes a few cyprinid species (Rutilus robustus, Rutilus cf. R. frisii, Scardinius ponticus, Barbus sp., Tinca sp.), Silurus cf. S. soldatovi, pikes (Esox moldavicus and Esox sp.), as well as indeterminate remains of salmonid, percid and sparid fishes. Squamate reptiles are represented by isolated vertebral and cranial material assigned to the anguid lizard Pseudopus pannonicus, as well as by isolated snake vertebrae belonging to the viperid Macrovipera sp. This is the most taxonomically diverse Pliocene ectothermic vertebrate assemblage described so far from the Romanian Carpathian Foreland. The obtained results contribute to a better understanding of continental vertebrate fauna evolution in the eastern part of central Europe.
{"title":"Fishes and squamate reptiles from the Pliocene sites of Berești and Mălușteni (eastern Romania) – A reassessment of old but poorly known material","authors":"Ștefan Vasile , Oleksandr Kovalchuk , Márton Venczel , Bogdan-Gabriel Rățoi , Bogdan-Stelian Haiduc","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper performs a revision of teleost fish and squamate reptile material from the Early Pliocene sites of Berești and Mălușteni (eastern Romania), found in old collections, but never described in detail. The fish assemblage includes a few cyprinid species (<em>Rutilus robustus</em>, <em>Rutilus</em> cf. <em>R. frisii</em>, <em>Scardinius ponticus</em>, <em>Barbus</em> sp., <em>Tinca</em> sp.), <em>Silurus</em> cf. <em>S. soldatovi</em>, pikes (<em>Esox moldavicus</em> and <em>Esox</em> sp.), as well as indeterminate remains of salmonid, percid and sparid fishes. Squamate reptiles are represented by isolated vertebral and cranial material assigned to the anguid lizard <em>Pseudopus pannonicus</em>, as well as by isolated snake vertebrae belonging to the viperid <em>Macrovipera</em> sp. This is the most taxonomically diverse Pliocene ectothermic vertebrate assemblage described so far from the Romanian Carpathian Foreland. The obtained results contribute to a better understanding of continental vertebrate fauna evolution in the eastern part of central Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 265-274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.05.009
M.A. Galindo-Pellicena , A. Pérez-Romero , E. Iriarte , I. de Gaspar , J.L. Arsuaga , J.M. Carretero
A taphonomic study, followed by the biometrical analysis and mortality profile of 490 bone remains from the Neolithic to Bronze Age levels at El Portalón (Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain) is presented in this work. The pig is the third most represented taxon in the Neolithic, Pre-Bell Beaker Chalcolithic, Bell-Beaker Chalcolithic, and Late Bronze Age levels, and the fourth taxon in the Early and Middle Bronze Age levels, when it was replaced by horses. There was a slight decrease in pig size from the Bell-Beaker to the Middle Bronze Age, coinciding with a change in suid management. The possible causes of these changes are analyzed and discussed in this work. Taphonomic alterations, as well as anthropic evidence, such as cut marks, human tooth marks, dynamic loading, and fire modifications, suggest consumption of domestic suids throughout the El Portalón site’s entire chronocultural sequence.
{"title":"Zooarchaeological study of pigs during the Holocene at El Portalón (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain)","authors":"M.A. Galindo-Pellicena , A. Pérez-Romero , E. Iriarte , I. de Gaspar , J.L. Arsuaga , J.M. Carretero","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A taphonomic study, followed by the biometrical analysis and mortality profile of 490 bone remains from the Neolithic to Bronze Age levels at El Portalón (Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain) is presented in this work. The pig is the third most represented taxon in the Neolithic, Pre-Bell Beaker Chalcolithic, Bell-Beaker Chalcolithic, and Late Bronze Age levels, and the fourth taxon in the Early and Middle Bronze Age levels, when it was replaced by horses. There was a slight decrease in pig size from the Bell-Beaker to the Middle Bronze Age, coinciding with a change in suid management. The possible causes of these changes are analyzed and discussed in this work. Taphonomic alterations, as well as anthropic evidence, such as cut marks, human tooth marks, dynamic loading, and fire modifications, suggest consumption of domestic suids throughout the El Portalón site’s entire chronocultural sequence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 113-123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.05.010
Hung-Kai Chen , Chia-Hsin Hsu , Jih-Pai Lin
Cidaroids (Echinoidea: Cidaroida) are the basalmost taxa among extant echinoids. However, the relative scarcity of intact cidaroid tests in the Cenozoic fossil record poses challenges for understanding their biogeographic patterns and evolutionary trends. This study reports the 200-meter thick Middle Miocene Nangang Formation, including three echinoid assemblages, namely “Cidaroida assemblage”, “Astriclypeoidea assemblage”, and “Spatangoida assemblage”. The potential paleoenvironmental implications and comparisons to widespread Miocene echinoid faunas of the circum-Mediterranean area are discussed. Notably, an articulated cidaroid fossil with intact spines recovered from the Cidaroida assemblage. The specimen exhibits shallow and transverse oval areoles along with distinct, rod-like, spinose primary spines, suggesting that it belongs to the genus Prionocidaris. In summary, the Prionocidaris fossil stands as the earliest occurrence of this order in Taiwan, and the associated echinoid assemblages offer a valuable record in the underexplored Western Pacific Region.
{"title":"Three echinoid assemblages with the earliest cidaroid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fossil record from the Middle Miocene of Taiwan","authors":"Hung-Kai Chen , Chia-Hsin Hsu , Jih-Pai Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cidaroids (Echinoidea: Cidaroida) are the basalmost taxa among extant echinoids. However, the relative scarcity of intact cidaroid tests in the Cenozoic fossil record poses challenges for understanding their biogeographic patterns and evolutionary trends. This study reports the 200-meter thick Middle Miocene Nangang Formation, including three echinoid assemblages, namely “Cidaroida assemblage”, “Astriclypeoidea assemblage”, and “Spatangoida assemblage”. The potential paleoenvironmental implications and comparisons to widespread Miocene echinoid faunas of the circum-Mediterranean area are discussed. Notably, an articulated cidaroid fossil with intact spines recovered from the Cidaroida assemblage. The specimen exhibits shallow and transverse oval areoles along with distinct, rod-like, spinose primary spines, suggesting that it belongs to the genus <em>Prionocidaris</em>. In summary, the <em>Prionocidaris</em> fossil stands as the earliest occurrence of this order in Taiwan, and the associated echinoid assemblages offer a valuable record in the underexplored Western Pacific Region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 35-48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.012
P. Ţibuleac , K. Laskos , B.-G. Răţoi , B.S. Haiduc , V. Merlan , L. Ursachi
The southeastern retreat of the Paratethys Sea constrained by the Middle Sarmatian uplift of the last Eastern Carpathians nappe (Pericarpathian Nappe) caused the progressive emergence of land masses contiguous to the Dacian Basin. Diverse faunas, including large mammals, colonized these lands. However, giraffes remain poorly documented. This paper attests to the presence of giraffids documented by postcranial bones of Samotherium major and Helladotherium duvernoyi. So far, both genera have only been listed in Romania without any information about the retrieved fossil bones, description, or illustration. The fossils described herein – a metacarpal of Samotherium major and two metatarsals, and an astragalus of Helladotherium duvernoyi – were sampled from four Late Miocene outcrops of the Eastern Carpathians Foreland (Creţeşti 1, Văleni, Pogana and Fălciu). Two outcrops (Văleni and Fălciu) have just been discovered. Moreover, in this paper Samotherium major is described for the first time in Romania. During the Late Miocene, the giraffids were elemental components of the so-called Pikermian Biome of the Greco-Irano-Afghan Province. This biome extended from the peri-Aegean lands to Iran. However, several occurrences are known from northeastern Eurasian areas (Ukraine, Republic of Moldova, and Hungary). The new Romanian occurrences represent a link between the southern and northeastern giraffid faunas during the Late Miocene of eastern Europe, indicating a presumed migration pathway.
{"title":"A link of the Late Miocene giraffid migration pathway from the peri-Aegean lands to the northeastern Eurasian areas","authors":"P. Ţibuleac , K. Laskos , B.-G. Răţoi , B.S. Haiduc , V. Merlan , L. Ursachi","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The southeastern retreat of the Paratethys Sea constrained by the Middle Sarmatian uplift of the last Eastern Carpathians nappe (Pericarpathian Nappe) caused the progressive emergence of land masses contiguous to the Dacian Basin. Diverse faunas, including large mammals, colonized these lands. However, giraffes remain poorly documented. This paper attests to the presence of giraffids documented by postcranial bones of <em>Samotherium major</em> and <em>Helladotherium duvernoyi</em>. So far, both genera have only been listed in Romania without any information about the retrieved fossil bones, description, or illustration. The fossils described herein – a metacarpal of <em>Samotherium major</em> and two metatarsals, and an astragalus of <em>Helladotherium duvernoyi</em> – were sampled from four Late Miocene outcrops of the Eastern Carpathians Foreland (Creţeşti 1, Văleni, Pogana and Fălciu). Two outcrops (Văleni and Fălciu) have just been discovered. Moreover, in this paper <em>Samotherium major</em> is described for the first time in Romania. During the Late Miocene, the giraffids were elemental components of the so-called Pikermian Biome of the Greco-Irano-Afghan Province. This biome extended from the peri-Aegean lands to Iran. However, several occurrences are known from northeastern Eurasian areas (Ukraine, Republic of Moldova, and Hungary). The new Romanian occurrences represent a link between the southern and northeastern giraffid faunas during the Late Miocene of eastern Europe, indicating a presumed migration pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 251-263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.05.005
Donato Costamagna , Brenda S. Ferrero , Federico Giri , Ana María Ribeiro
This study aims to assess shape and size variations in lower molars (m1-m3) of Toxodon platensis Owen across diverse South-American regions: northern Pampa, Mesopotamia, northwestern Argentina (NWA), southwestern Uruguay, and southern Brazil. We examined 102 specimens, capturing 20 landmarks for each molar. Principal component analyses were used for shape analysis, and geographic origin relationships were explored through cluster analysis. Centroid size (CS) was analyzed with ANOVA. The shape of T. platensis molars differed among different populations in each geographic region. Molars from NWA exhibited a slenderer shape, whereas Mesopotamia specimens displayed more robust trigonids. Northern Pampa and southwestern Uruguay molars were the most similar in shape, and the molars of the populations in southern Brazil showed more curved morphologies. CS was similar among the different populations of T. platensis, which suggests a probability of similar food particle fracture and processing. On the other hand, when observing shape variations as a result of diet, it can be concluded that the shape changes observed in different geographic areas could be related to the type of vegetation consumed by various T. platensis populations.
{"title":"Study of the shape and size in lower molars of Toxodon platensis (Mammalia: Toxodontidae) of the Late Pleistocene of South America","authors":"Donato Costamagna , Brenda S. Ferrero , Federico Giri , Ana María Ribeiro","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to assess shape and size variations in lower molars (m1-m3) of <em>Toxodon platensis</em> Owen across diverse South-American regions: northern Pampa, Mesopotamia, northwestern Argentina (NWA), southwestern Uruguay, and southern Brazil. We examined 102 specimens, capturing 20 landmarks for each molar. Principal component analyses were used for shape analysis, and geographic origin relationships were explored through cluster analysis. Centroid size (CS) was analyzed with ANOVA. The shape of <em>T. platensis</em> molars differed among different populations in each geographic region. Molars from NWA exhibited a slenderer shape, whereas Mesopotamia specimens displayed more robust trigonids. Northern Pampa and southwestern Uruguay molars were the most similar in shape, and the molars of the populations in southern Brazil showed more curved morphologies. CS was similar among the different populations of <em>T. platensis</em>, which suggests a probability of similar food particle fracture and processing. On the other hand, when observing shape variations as a result of diet, it can be concluded that the shape changes observed in different geographic areas could be related to the type of vegetation consumed by various <em>T. platensis</em> populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 49-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.09.004
Daniel Barasoain , María T. Dozo , Laureano R. González Ruiz , José I. Cuitiño , Rodrigo L. Tomassini , Alfredo E. Zurita
Palaehoplophorini is a poorly known lineage of glyptodonts that appeared during the Middle Miocene in Patagonia. Their diversity is considered low with respect to other glyptodont groups, including only two well-characterized species from the Middle-Late Miocene of Patagonia (ca. 12 Ma): Palaehoplophorus meridionalis and Palaehoplophoroides rothi. The putative Late Miocene Palaehoplophorini Palaehoplophorus antiquus and Aspidocalyptus castroi from the Mesopotamian and Pampean regions, respectively, were defined based on fragmentary materials without relevant diagnostic characters. Here, we describe several Late Miocene (ca. 9.4 Ma) Palaehoplophorini remains coming from the upper levels of the Puerto Madryn Formation (Península Valdés, Chubut Province, Argentina). Material includes carapace osteoderms, caudal rings, and tube fragments, all assigned to Palaehoplophorini. A right femur one-third larger than that of Kelenkura castroi (Chasicoan Stage/Age) was also identified, suggesting an estimated body mass of ca. 320 kg. These fossil remains confirm the persistence of Palaehoplophorini during the Late Miocene, at least in Patagonia. Our analysis also discards the Pampean region as a “refuge” for the last Palaehoplophorini as it was previously proposed. Lastly, anatomical comparisons reflect a correlation between body mass and latitudinal distribution of late Tortonian glyptodonts in South America, with a size decrease towards low latitudes.
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