Geobios最新文献

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The carnivoran guilds from the Late Miocene hominid locality of Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Germany) 德国巴伐利亚州哈默施米德中新世晚期人类遗址中的食肉动物群体

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.02.003

Nikolaos Kargopoulos , Alberto Valenciano , Juan Abella , Michael Morlo , George E. Konidaris , Panagiotis Kampouridis , Thomas Lechner , Madelaine Böhme

The Late Miocene locality of Hammerschmiede has yielded an astonishing diversity of vertebrates, including 28 different carnivoran species. The main layers HAM 5 (11.62 Ma) and HAM 4 (11.44 Ma) have been found to host 21 and 17 carnivoran species, respectively. Herein we perform a guild structure analysis aiming to unravel their ecomorphological role. A rarefaction analysis showed that such a high representation of carnivorans is comparable only to the fissure fillings of La-Grive-Saint-Alban. The First and Last Occurrence Dates of several genera and species are reported in the locality. The profile of the locality concerning the Numbers of Species and Individuals per family is unique among the Miocene localities of Europe. The discovered carnivorans were attributed to palaeoecological categories based on their body mass, locomotor pattern, and diet preferences. Ecomorphological comparison revealed that most species were able to reduce competition by occupying different ecological niches, but some cases of ecological overlap were found. This shows that the ecosystem of Hammerschmiede offered diverse resources that allowed the subsistence of a plethora of carnivorans. Finally, the two main layers exhibit some differences in their carnivoran components, with HAM 4 dominated by small-/medium-sized piscivores/generalist carnivores, whereas HAM 5 also includes large-sized durophagous/hypercarnivorous forms.

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引用次数: 0

The mandible of Salbatore II: A new Ursus deningeri site in the northern Iberian Peninsula

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.019

Mónica Villalba de Alvarado , María Prat-Vericat , Martin Arriolabengoa , Joan Madurell- Malapeira , Asier Gómez-Olivencia

Ursus deningeri, together with Ursus spelaeus sensu lato, are chronospecies that belong to the Quaternary iconic cave bear lineage. They inhabited Iberia from the late Early to the late Middle Pleistocene. Here we describe a complete bear mandible recovered from Salbatore II cave (Basque Country). To assess its taxonomy, we compared it with other European Pleistocene cave and brown bears. Comparisons were made concerning its morphology and using both traditional and 3D geometric morphometrics analyses. The mandible has several morphological similarities with the cave bears such as a high corpus and deep masseter fossa. However, it exhibits a coronoid process that leans backwards, a pointed pterygoid process, and the p1 and p3 are present. These are characteristics customarily associated with U. deningeri and U. arctos. Metric analyses show that Salbatore II fits within the cave bear variation, with a minimum overlap with brown bears once size is accounted for. However, geometric morphometric analyses show that Salbatore II is similar to U. arctos, but within U. deningeri variation. Based on the overall size and the morphological characteristics, Salbatore II displays U. deningeri affinities with many ancestral characteristics, suggesting a minimum mid-Middle Pleistocene age, a chronology rarely recorded in the Cantabrian region.

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引用次数: 0

Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of a Neogene diatomite deposit from La Pampa Province (Argentina)

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.02.009

Rocío Fayó , Marcela Alcira Espinosa , Camilo Andrés Vélez-Agudelo

Diatomite deposits constitute siliceous biogenic sedimentary rocks primarily composed of diatoms. In Argentina, there is a scarcity of paleoenvironmental reconstructions for these deposits. This study focuses on the analysis of the diatom content in a Plio-Pleistocene diatomite from La Pampa Province. The aim is to identify diatom diversity and reconstruct the evolution of paleoenvironments. The studied section of 4.40 m is located at the CP site (38°08′40.5’’S; 67°09′23.2’’W, El Sauzal Formation). The profile is a laminated white diatomite with three levels of volcanic ash. Seven samples 50 cm-equidistant were extracted and oxidized with H₂O₂ for diatom analysis. 500 valves/slide were counted in order to calculate relative abundances. Diatom zones were defined using CONISS. The analysis revealed 72 morphospecies, with 28 of them exhibiting abundances >4%. The diatom flora is predominantly composed of small fragilarioid diatoms accompanied by Discostella, Aulacoseira, Epithemia, Rhopalodia, and Cymbella species, indicating a lacustrine origin. At the base, a paleolake with a relatively alkaline pH, low nitrogen concentrations and high phosphates (volcanic ash) favored the growth of a diverse diatom community. Towards the top, the dominance of fragilarioids, the decrease in freshwater planktonic taxa and the presence of gypsum suggest a shallower environment with increased salinity during the drier periods of the Plio-Pleistocene.

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引用次数: 0

Actualistic taphonomy of microvertebrates ingested by the barn owl (Tyto alba) in a forested area. Implications for the fossil record

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.05.011

Ana Carolina Moreano Ortiz , Pablo E. Ortiz , Mónica V. Pia , Mariana Mondini

Rodents are common prey of nocturnal raptor birds, which ingest whole individuals and subsequently expel partially digested remains as regurgitated pellets. This generates accumulations of skeletal elements that may become part of the fossil record. Inferring which predator was responsible of any given fossil microvertebrate assemblage allows assessing potential biases and making paleoecological inferences. Neotaphonomic studies allow modelling the particularities characterizing different raptors under different environmental conditions. Based on them, it is possible to suggest the predator involved in fossil microvertebrate assemblages by considering the taxonomic and anatomical abundance, the degree of digestive corrosion and that of breakage of skeletal remains. Yet, no detailed neotaphonomic studies on raptors had been made so far in NW Argentina, and other studies in South America have been made mainly in open and arid environments. This has forced paleontological studies to use analogues that might not be fully relevant. Here we present an actualistic study on rodent skeletal remains (NISP = 7540) recovered from modern pellets produced by the barn owl (Tyto alba), recovered at Villa Padre Monti (Tucumán, Argentina), a Yungas forest area partially affected by the presence of crops. The aim is to characterize the taphonomic traces of T. alba under these environmental conditions. The assemblage is composed of at least five species of Cricetidae rodents and a varied representation of skeletal elements, especially of the post-cranium; it has a high relative anatomical abundance (58.7%). Skeletal breakage levels are low, especially in the mandibles and post-cranium. Digestive corrosion is predominantly absent (62.1%) to light, although some elements with high degrees of digestive corrosion were found, even in the extreme digestion category. These results generally compare well with other taphonomic studies on the barn owl, and add data to the known variability of modern accumulations by this Strigiformes. They are thus expected to have an impact on the interpretations of fossil faunas.

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引用次数: 0

Blender as a tool for palaeoichnological research: Case study from Lark Quarry

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.002

Anthony Romilio

The digitisation of tracks, tracksites, and trackmakers has become of increasing interest for modern dinosaur ichnologists, offering research methods for the objective acquisition and documentation of track surface topologies but can also significantly enhance scientific communication to broader communities by facilitating the visualisation of 2D and 3D tracksite and trackmaker data. This paper explores the expanded use of digital techniques for the study of palaeontological sites, specifically using Blender – a versatile open-source 3D software – on the dinosaur tracksites within the Lark Quarry Conservation Park. Blender is primarily a visualisation tool that enables, but is not limited to, the creation of detailed 3D models and animations. While this study highlights some of these functionalities, it notably demonstrates how Blender’s customisable Python scripting can be leveraged to automate the analysis of trackway parameters and biomechanical data. Moreover, this study introduces Blender add-ons directly relevant to ichnological studies with intuitive, user-friendly interfaces, enabling palaeontologists to effectively utilise advanced digital tools within their research. These innovations broaden the accessibility of advanced digital methods to the palaeontological community and pave the way for more efficient analysis of fossil trackways.

{"title":"Blender as a tool for palaeoichnological research: Case study from Lark Quarry","authors":"Anthony Romilio","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The digitisation of tracks, tracksites, and trackmakers has become of increasing interest for modern dinosaur ichnologists, offering research methods for the objective acquisition and documentation of track surface topologies but can also significantly enhance scientific communication to broader communities by facilitating the visualisation of 2D and 3D tracksite and trackmaker data. This paper explores the expanded use of digital techniques for the study of palaeontological sites, specifically using Blender – a versatile open-source 3D software – on the dinosaur tracksites within the Lark Quarry Conservation Park. Blender is primarily a visualisation tool that enables, but is not limited to, the creation of detailed 3D models and animations. While this study highlights some of these functionalities, it notably demonstrates how Blender’s customisable Python scripting can be leveraged to automate the analysis of trackway parameters and biomechanical data. Moreover, this study introduces Blender add-ons directly relevant to ichnological studies with intuitive, user-friendly interfaces, enabling palaeontologists to effectively utilise advanced digital tools within their research. These innovations broaden the accessibility of advanced digital methods to the palaeontological community and pave the way for more efficient analysis of fossil trackways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 219-226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New early Pliocene Rhinocerotidae findings from Tuscany (Italy) and the Pliocene rhinocerotine record in Italy 意大利托斯卡纳早更新世犀牛科的新发现和意大利早更新世犀牛的记录

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2023.12.012

Luca Pandolfi , Alberto Collareta , Dariusz Nowakowski , Giovanni Bianucci , Lorenzo Rook

An almost complete mandible from the Lower Pliocene deposits of Arcille (Tuscany) is described and investigated for the first time. The specimen is assigned to Pliorhinus megarhinus, which is documented in Italy from the latest Miocene to the mid-Pliocene. The studied specimen is larger than Stephanorhinus etruscus and S. jeanvireti, and morphologically fits P. megarhinus from the Early Pliocene of Montpellier (France), Vera Basin (Spain) and Val di Pugna Fangonero (Italy). This specimen represents the first stratigraphically well-documented Pliocene record of this species in Italy, the previous discoveries dating back to the 19th century or the beginning of the 20th century, hence lacking stratigraphic control. According to the obtained results, it is possible to assess the occurrence of P. megarhinus during the earliest Pliocene in Italy as well as to confirm the long-lasting persistence of this species, whose fossil record covers a timespan between 6.7 Ma and 3.5 Ma. During that time, P. megarhinus did seemingly undergo a trend of body mass reduction.

{"title":"New early Pliocene Rhinocerotidae findings from Tuscany (Italy) and the Pliocene rhinocerotine record in Italy","authors":"Luca Pandolfi , Alberto Collareta , Dariusz Nowakowski , Giovanni Bianucci , Lorenzo Rook","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An almost complete mandible from the Lower Pliocene deposits of Arcille (Tuscany) is described and investigated for the first time. The specimen is assigned to <em>Pliorhinus megarhinus</em>, which is documented in Italy from the latest Miocene to the mid-Pliocene. The studied specimen is larger than <em>Stephanorhinus etruscus</em> and <em>S. jeanvireti</em>, and morphologically fits <em>P. megarhinus</em> from the Early Pliocene of Montpellier (France), Vera Basin (Spain) and Val di Pugna Fangonero (Italy). This specimen represents the first stratigraphically well-documented Pliocene record of this species in Italy, the previous discoveries dating back to the 19th century or the beginning of the 20th century, hence lacking stratigraphic control. According to the obtained results, it is possible to assess the occurrence of <em>P. megarhinus</em> during the earliest Pliocene in Italy as well as to confirm the long-lasting persistence of this species, whose fossil record covers a timespan between 6.7 Ma and 3.5 Ma. During that time, <em>P. megarhinus</em> did seemingly undergo a trend of body mass reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 197-204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141694498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

First evidence of ichnopathologies in Rhinoceripeda tasnadyi tracks from the Miocene of Hungary

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.009

M. Belvedere , F. Bertozzo , G. Botfalvai , L. Pandolfi

Despite a vast record, ichnological evidence of malformed or injured animals is extremely rare. During the re-examination of slabs collected from the Ipolytarnóc tracksite (Early Miocene, North Hungary) and housed at the Supervisory Authority for Regulatory Affairs, three “atypical” tracks were detected along the same trackway. They belong to the ichnotaxon Rhinoceripeda tasnadyi, attributed to a medium- to large-sized “hornless” Miocene rhinocerotids. The hoof of the left digit III appears to be split, rather than oval, at approximatively half of its width, giving an almost tetradactyl appearance to the footprints. The deformation due to overprinting is excluded because of the number of tracks showing the same variation. This injury/malformation could be identified as the atypical tracks belong to a trackway where the opposite impression is preserved and due to the large number of accessible R. tasnadyi footprints. These account for a wide range of the standard variability of the morphology at Ipolytarnóc. If the track record was limited, or when the atypical tracks do not belong to a trackway, it would not be possible to recognise those differences as ichnopathologies and, as a result, a different trackmaker would have been assessed, or a wrong ichnotaxonomical diagnosis would have been attributed.

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引用次数: 0

New Chinese Jurassic damsel-dragonflies of the families Paragonophlebiidae, Selenothemistidae and Isophlebiidae (Odonata, Epiproctophora) from the Jurassic Ordos Basin of NW China

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.014

André Nel , Minmin Xu , Yehao Wang , Xiangbo Song , Jian Gao , Gaozhe Ji , Diying Huang

The Jurassic damsel-dragonfly family Paragonophlebiidae was till now monogeneric, with the sole genus Paragonophlebia and the two species P. inexpectata and P. patriciae, from the Middle Jurassic of Central Asia. Here we describe the new genus and species Sinagonophlebia yananensis Nel and Huang, from the Middle Jurassic of China, and we attribute the late Triassic and early Jurassic Diastatommites liassina (Strickland, 1840) from UK to the same family. We restore it in the genus Diastatommites Tillyard, 1925. We also describe the selenothemistid Yananthemis zaoyuanensis Nel and Huang, nov. gen., nov. sp., plus an isophlebiid gen. et sp. indet. from the same outcrop. These three damsel-dragonflies increase our knowledge on the already impressive diversity of the Odonata from the Mesozoic of China.

引用次数: 0

Occurrence of the trace fossil Hillichnus in Upper Cretaceous deposits in association with dinosaur footprints: A case from the Torotoro National Park in Bolivia

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.018

Francisco J. Rodríguez-Tovar , Raúl Esperante , Roberto E. Biaggi , Nelson A. Llempen

We present here the occurrence of the scarce, complex trace fossil Hillichnus associated with abundant theropod tracks and locally bird tracks at the Carreras Pampa dinosaur track site in the Torotoro National Park (TTNP), Bolivia. Hillichnus is a complex trace fossil produced by tellinacean bivalves, revealing various behaviours including locomotion, feeding, respiration and defecation. The specimens occur on the surface of a grainstone bed in the Maastrichtian El Molino Formation, characterized by the presence of low-angle planar cross-stratification, ripple cross-lamination, wavy or convoluted lamination and wave ripples. The associated invertebrate trace fossil assemblage mainly consists of superficial sinuous structures of variable size, a variety of holes (vertical burrows?), and radial/rosette trace fossils. The associated vertebrate trace fossil assemblage consists of theropod footprints, many well-preserved theropod swim traces arranged in trackways and bird tracks. The record of Hillichnus, associated to the ichnological assemblage and to sedimentological data, suggests a marginal-marine setting with freshwater influence in shallow water for the Upper Cretaceous of the El Molino Formation at the Carreras Pampa area. Local stratigraphic successions suggest both marine and lacustrine/fluvial environments. The track-bearing bed shows evidence of exposure and is covered by sediments deposited in deeper water. The occurrence of Hillichnus in Bolivia, in association with dinosaur tracks on the same bed, has relevant implications for the characterization of paleoenvironmental conditions during the production of dinosaur tracks at the Carreras Pampa site in the TTNP.

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引用次数: 0

Sauropterygian remains from the Middle Triassic of Araif El-Naqa as the first identification of Simosauridae (Eosauropterygia) in Egypt

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.015

Alberto Cabezuelo-Hernández, Carlos de Miguel Chaves, Adán Pérez-García

Simosauridae is a Triassic eosauropterygian clade restricted to the western Paleotethys. It is known by relatively abundant cranial and postcranial elements coming mostly from European localities, where the type species, Simosaurus gaillardoti, from the Ladinian (Middle Triassic) of France and Germany, and the recently defined Paludidraco multidentatus, from the Carnian (Late Triassic) of Spain are known, in addition to several simosaurids of undetermined generic and specific attribution. By contrast, it is poorly represented in the Middle East, being known from both Israel and Saudi Arabia by scarce remains of uncertain systematic attribution. The Middle Triassic deposits of Araif El-Naqa, in Egypt, have yielded several sauropterygian remains, so far attributable to the placodont taxa Psephosauriscus sinaiticus and Psephosauriscus rhombifer, as well as to indeterminate nothosaurs. Here, we describe several unpublished vertebral sauropterygian remains from Araif El-Naqa, identifying the presence of the clade Simosauridae for the first time in Egypt and the first simosaurid vertebral remains from the Eastern Mediterranean.

{"title":"Sauropterygian remains from the Middle Triassic of Araif El-Naqa as the first identification of Simosauridae (Eosauropterygia) in Egypt","authors":"Alberto Cabezuelo-Hernández, Carlos de Miguel Chaves, Adán Pérez-García","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Simosauridae is a Triassic eosauropterygian clade restricted to the western Paleotethys. It is known by relatively abundant cranial and postcranial elements coming mostly from European localities, where the type species, <em>Simosaurus gaillardoti</em>, from the Ladinian (Middle Triassic) of France and Germany, and the recently defined <em>Paludidraco multidentatus</em>, from the Carnian (Late Triassic) of Spain are known, in addition to several simosaurids of undetermined generic and specific attribution. By contrast, it is poorly represented in the Middle East, being known from both Israel and Saudi Arabia by scarce remains of uncertain systematic attribution. The Middle Triassic deposits of Araif El-Naqa, in Egypt, have yielded several sauropterygian remains, so far attributable to the placodont taxa <em>Psephosauriscus sinaiticus</em> and <em>Psephosauriscus rhombifer</em>, as well as to indeterminate nothosaurs. Here, we describe several unpublished vertebral sauropterygian remains from Araif El-Naqa, identifying the presence of the clade Simosauridae for the first time in Egypt and the first simosaurid vertebral remains from the Eastern Mediterranean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"87 ","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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