Pub Date : 2025-05-22DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.008
Dimila Mothé , Angela Kinoshita , Oswaldo Baffa , Carlos A. Luna
Here we used Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) dating methods on seven fossil specimens to update the temporal and geographic distributions of the Quaternary proboscidean Notiomastodon platensis Ameghino 1888, from Córdoba Province, Argentina. While abundant in the Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene South American fossil record, the knowledge about the Early-Middle Pleistocene records of this proboscidean is scarce due to limited numeric datings data. ESR results reveal numeric ages ranging from 560 ± 40 to 47 ± 7 ka, placing the species within the Ensenadan to Lujanian stages of the Pleistocene (Chibanian to Late Pleistocene). The Ensenadan record represents the oldest numeric age of Notiomastodon platensis in South America. The study highlights the importance of numeric dating in addressing the geochronological data gap for South American megafauna and reveals the multiple environments that Notiomastodon platensis inhabited during Quaternary, suggesting slow vertical migrations in response to climatic changes, with mountainous regions of Cordoba province serving as refuges. The need for further numeric datings is emphasized in this study, to improve our understanding of the evolutionary history and extinction drivers of South American proboscideans during the Quaternary.
{"title":"Doing the time warp again: Electron Spin Resonance dating reveals oldest numeric age for Notiomastodon platensis Ameghino, 1888 (Mammalia, Proboscidea)","authors":"Dimila Mothé , Angela Kinoshita , Oswaldo Baffa , Carlos A. Luna","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here we used Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) dating methods on seven fossil specimens to update the temporal and geographic distributions of the Quaternary proboscidean <em>Notiomastodon platensis</em> Ameghino 1888, from Córdoba Province, Argentina. While abundant in the Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene South American fossil record, the knowledge about the Early-Middle Pleistocene records of this proboscidean is scarce due to limited numeric datings data. ESR results reveal numeric ages ranging from 560 ± 40 to 47 ± 7 ka, placing the species within the Ensenadan to Lujanian stages of the Pleistocene (Chibanian to Late Pleistocene). The Ensenadan record represents the oldest numeric age of <em>Notiomastodon platensis</em> in South America. The study highlights the importance of numeric dating in addressing the geochronological data gap for South American megafauna and reveals the multiple environments that <em>Notiomastodon platensis</em> inhabited during Quaternary, suggesting slow vertical migrations in response to climatic changes, with mountainous regions of Cordoba province serving as refuges. The need for further numeric datings is emphasized in this study, to improve our understanding of the evolutionary history and extinction drivers of South American proboscideans during the Quaternary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 81-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-22DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.009
Karl Krainer , Spencer G. Lucas , Daniel Vachard
In the Sierra Nacimiento-San Pedro Mountains-Jemez Mountains of north-central New Mexico (USA), the thin succession of Mississippian sediments is termed the Arroyo Peñasco Formation, overlain by the Log Springs Formation. The Arroyo Peñasco Formation is subdivided into Del Padre Member composed of siliciclastic sediments and the overlying Espiritu Santo Member composed of carbonate sediments. Foraminifers of the Espiritu Santo Member at Lion Spring in the northern San Pedro Mountains indicate a Tournaisian age. The lower Tournaisian (= Hastarian = biozones MFZ1-4 of Poty et al., 2006 [Geological Magazine 143, 829–857]) is locally characterized by Septaglomospiranella ex gr. primaeva, Septabrunsiina minuta and Tournayella sp. The upper Tournaisian (= Ivorian = biozones MFZ5-9 of Poty et al., 2006) is characterized by Spinoendothyra, Inflatoendothyra and Tuberendothyra. In the Sierra Nacimiento-San Pedro Mountains-Jemez Mountains, the sediments of the Arroyo Peñasco Group are unconformably overlain by nonmarine redbeds of the Log Springs Formation (Serpukhovian/upper Chesterian). Some of the carbonate clasts of the basal conglomerate of the Log Springs Formation at Lion Spring contain late early Viséan (biozone MFZ11B of Poty et al., 2006) foraminifers and algae, including Koninckopora and Paraarchaediscus. These carbonate clasts are reworked from the underlying Arroyo Peñasco Formation (Espiritu Santo Member). In north-central New Mexico, a transgression during the Early Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) caused deposition of the shallow marine sediments of the Osha Canyon Formation. The Morrowan age of the Osha Canyon Formation is based on Nigrispiroides nov. gen., Iriclinella, Globivalvulina, and Millerella.
在美国新墨西哥州中北部的Sierra Nacimiento-San Pedro Mountains- jemez Mountains，密西西比沉积的薄层序列被称为Arroyo Peñasco组，其上覆盖着Log Springs组。Arroyo Peñasco组可分为Del Padre组和espiiritu Santo组，其上为碳酸盐沉积。圣佩德罗山脉北部狮子泉的埃斯皮里图圣成员的有孔虫表明了图尔纳时代。图尔奈世下部（= Hastarian = MFZ1-4, Poty et al, 2006）局部特征为Septaglomospiranella ex gr. primaeva、Septabrunsiina minuta和Tournayella sp.；图尔奈世上部（= Ivorian = MFZ5-9, Poty et al, 2006）局部特征为Spinoendothyra、Inflatoendothyra和Tuberendothyra。在Sierra Nacimiento-San Pedro Mountains- jemez Mountains， Arroyo Peñasco群的沉积物被Log Springs组（Serpukhovian/upper Chesterian）的非海相红层不整合覆盖。狮子泉Log Springs组基底砾岩的部分碳酸盐岩碎屑中含有晚、早vis （Poty et al.， 2006的MFZ11B生物带）有孔虫和藻类，包括Koninckopora和Paraarchaediscus。这些碳酸盐碎屑来自下部的阿罗约Peñasco组（圣埃斯皮里图成员）。在新墨西哥州中北部，早宾夕法尼亚（Morrowan）时期的一次海侵导致了奥沙峡谷组浅海沉积物的沉积。Osha峡谷组的Morrowan时代是基于Nigrispiroides nov. gen.、Iriclinella、Globivalvulina和Millerella。
{"title":"Mississippian-Lower Pennsylvanian foraminifers from the Sierra Nacimiento and San Pedro Mountains, North-Central New Mexico, USA","authors":"Karl Krainer , Spencer G. Lucas , Daniel Vachard","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the Sierra Nacimiento-San Pedro Mountains-Jemez Mountains of north-central New Mexico (USA), the thin succession of Mississippian sediments is termed the Arroyo Peñasco Formation, overlain by the Log Springs Formation. The Arroyo Peñasco Formation is subdivided into Del Padre Member composed of siliciclastic sediments and the overlying Espiritu Santo Member composed of carbonate sediments. Foraminifers of the Espiritu Santo Member at Lion Spring in the northern San Pedro Mountains indicate a Tournaisian age. The lower Tournaisian (= Hastarian = biozones MFZ1-4 of <span><span>Poty et al., 2006</span></span> [Geological Magazine 143, 829–857]) is locally characterized by <em>Septaglomospiranella</em> ex gr. <em>primaeva</em>, <em>Septabrunsiina minuta</em> and <em>Tournayella</em> sp. The upper Tournaisian (= Ivorian = biozones MFZ5-9 of <span><span>Poty et al., 2006</span></span>) is characterized by <em>Spinoendothyra</em>, <em>Inflatoendothyra</em> and <em>Tuberendothyra</em>. In the Sierra Nacimiento-San Pedro Mountains-Jemez Mountains, the sediments of the Arroyo Peñasco Group are unconformably overlain by nonmarine redbeds of the Log Springs Formation (Serpukhovian/upper Chesterian). Some of the carbonate clasts of the basal conglomerate of the Log Springs Formation at Lion Spring contain late early Viséan (biozone MFZ11B of <span><span>Poty et al., 2006</span></span>) foraminifers and algae, including <em>Koninckopora</em> and <em>Paraarchaediscus</em>. These carbonate clasts are reworked from the underlying Arroyo Peñasco Formation (Espiritu Santo Member). In north-central New Mexico, a transgression during the Early Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) caused deposition of the shallow marine sediments of the Osha Canyon Formation. The Morrowan age of the Osha Canyon Formation is based on <em>Nigrispiroides</em> nov. gen., <em>Iriclinella</em>, <em>Globivalvulina</em>, and <em>Millerella</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 43-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-22DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.010
Pedro Correia , Artur A. Sá , Zélia Pereira
A new genus and species of fossil fungus, Megaglomerospora lealiae, is described from the Buçaco Carboniferous Basin (upper Stephanian C, Upper Pennsylvanian, upper Carboniferous), in central western Portugal. The new fossil fungus consists of a dense cluster of silicified large spores. These new fungal spores are oblong, subelliptical to subspherical-shaped, with a glabrous surface characterized by having a lipid-filled lumen, and display a strong septate-like hypha attached. The presence of lobe-shaped germination shields suggests close affinities to Diversisporales (Glomeromycota). Megaglomerospora lealiae nov. gen., nov. sp. is remarkably distinctive because it is by far the largest fossil fungal spore (∼1.6 mm long) documented for the phylum Glomeromycota. This is the first report of an endomycorrhizal‐like fungus from the Carboniferous of Iberia.
{"title":"Megaglomerospora lealiae nov. gen., nov. sp. from the upper Carboniferous of Portugal: the largest glomeromycotan fungal spores","authors":"Pedro Correia , Artur A. Sá , Zélia Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new genus and species of fossil fungus, <em>Megaglomerospora lealiae</em>, is described from the Buçaco Carboniferous Basin (upper Stephanian C, Upper Pennsylvanian, upper Carboniferous), in central western Portugal. The new fossil fungus consists of a dense cluster of silicified large spores. These new fungal spores are oblong, subelliptical to subspherical-shaped, with a glabrous surface characterized by having a lipid-filled lumen, and display a strong septate-like hypha attached. The presence of lobe-shaped germination shields suggests close affinities to Diversisporales (Glomeromycota). <em>Megaglomerospora lealiae</em> nov. gen., nov. sp. is remarkably distinctive because it is by far the largest fossil fungal spore (∼1.6 mm long) documented for the phylum Glomeromycota. This is the first report of an endomycorrhizal‐like fungus from the Carboniferous of Iberia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-26DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.007
Jesús Marugán-Lobón , Sergio M. Nebreda
This study investigates the morphological diversity of the neck and its integration with skull anatomy in crown-group birds (Neornithes). The craniocervical articulation, where the skull connects with the neck, can adopt either caudal (rearward) or ventral (downward) orientations. Morphological coherence is crucial for maintaining head stability and precise movement, suggesting that the evolution of these structures must be not only functionally, but also developmentally coordinated (i.e., morphologically integrated). To explore this hypothesis, the relationship between conventional morphometric data of the neck and geometric morphometric data of the skull were assessed using multivariate statistics (Regressions and Two-block Partial Least Squares) across a broad phylogenetic range of Neornithes. Results indicate a significant level of integration between neck and skull morphologies, where variation in neck length, vertebral counts and relative lengths correspond predictably with specific craniocervical articulations. The most pronounced skull variation occurs around the occipital region, which we interpret as possibly relating to the mesodermic origin and shared genetic signalling in the morphogenesis of all craniocervical bones. Additionally, craniofacial changes align with craniocervical modifications, implying that the skull and neck evolve as a unified yet modular system. Analysis of selected fossils (Tsaagan, Archaeopteryx, and Pengornis) suggests that the ancestral craniocervical configuration was caudal, with neck changes associated with the development of a beak and craniocervical ventralization emerging in the lineage leading to modern birds.
{"title":"Craniocervical morphological integration in birds","authors":"Jesús Marugán-Lobón , Sergio M. Nebreda","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the morphological diversity of the neck and its integration with skull anatomy in crown-group birds (Neornithes). The craniocervical articulation, where the skull connects with the neck, can adopt either caudal (rearward) or ventral (downward) orientations. Morphological coherence is crucial for maintaining head stability and precise movement, suggesting that the evolution of these structures must be not only functionally, but also developmentally coordinated (i.e., morphologically integrated). To explore this hypothesis, the relationship between conventional morphometric data of the neck and geometric morphometric data of the skull were assessed using multivariate statistics (Regressions and Two-block Partial Least Squares) across a broad phylogenetic range of Neornithes. Results indicate a significant level of integration between neck and skull morphologies, where variation in neck length, vertebral counts and relative lengths correspond predictably with specific craniocervical articulations. The most pronounced skull variation occurs around the occipital region, which we interpret as possibly relating to the mesodermic origin and shared genetic signalling in the morphogenesis of all craniocervical bones. Additionally, craniofacial changes align with craniocervical modifications, implying that the skull and neck evolve as a unified yet modular system. Analysis of selected fossils (<em>Tsaagan</em>, <em>Archaeopteryx</em>, and <em>Pengornis</em>) suggests that the ancestral craniocervical configuration was caudal, with neck changes associated with the development of a beak and craniocervical ventralization emerging in the lineage leading to modern birds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 77-85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-25DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.03.001
Francisco J. Serrano , Luis M. Chiappe , Ursula B. Göhlich
{"title":"Foreword for the Proceedings of the 10th International Meeting of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution","authors":"Francisco J. Serrano , Luis M. Chiappe , Ursula B. Göhlich","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.005
Junya Watanabe
Bird wings are typically regarded as an apparatus for aerial flight, but many birds are known to use their wings to propel themselves in the water. Although this mode of locomotion, the wing-propelled diving, has attained much attention from ornithologists and paleornithologists, systematic understanding of its diversity has been lacking. This paper attempts to provide an overview on this topic, gleaning information from disparate bodies of literature. Despite the common perception that wing-propelled diving is a relatively specialized mode of locomotion, it has been documented in a number of casual divers as well as many birds usually considered as specialized foot-propelled divers. The fossil record of wing-propelled divers reveals a previously unrecognized morphological diversity in these birds, although difficulty remains on how to reliably infer the presence of this locomotor mode in extinct taxa. Recent anatomical studies have indicated that evolutionary pathways toward wing-propelled diving can be more complicated and diverse than one would assume from the stereotypic idea of evolutionary convergence. Future investigations equipped with well-resolved phylogeny and sophisticated analytical techniques will undoubtedly shed light into more nuanced aspects of the evolution of this mode of locomotion.
{"title":"Aspects of diversity, paleobiology, and morphology of wing-propelled diving birds","authors":"Junya Watanabe","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bird wings are typically regarded as an apparatus for aerial flight, but many birds are known to use their wings to propel themselves in the water. Although this mode of locomotion, the wing-propelled diving, has attained much attention from ornithologists and paleornithologists, systematic understanding of its diversity has been lacking. This paper attempts to provide an overview on this topic, gleaning information from disparate bodies of literature. Despite the common perception that wing-propelled diving is a relatively specialized mode of locomotion, it has been documented in a number of casual divers as well as many birds usually considered as specialized foot-propelled divers. The fossil record of wing-propelled divers reveals a previously unrecognized morphological diversity in these birds, although difficulty remains on how to reliably infer the presence of this locomotor mode in extinct taxa. Recent anatomical studies have indicated that evolutionary pathways toward wing-propelled diving can be more complicated and diverse than one would assume from the stereotypic idea of evolutionary convergence. Future investigations equipped with well-resolved phylogeny and sophisticated analytical techniques will undoubtedly shed light into more nuanced aspects of the evolution of this mode of locomotion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 143-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.020
Jessie Atterholt , Jingmai K. O’Connor , Hailu You
We describe the osteohistology of five enantiornithine bird specimens from Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation deposits of the Changma locality in northwestern Gansu Province, China. Samples were taken from the femora of: three specimens of Avimaia schweitzerae (IVPP V25371, IVPP V31956, and GSGM-04-CM-007), Qiliania graffini GSGM-04-CM-006, and Novavis pubisculata IVPP V31957. The objective of this study is to describe intrageneric variation (in Avimaia), and intertaxonomic variation among enantiornithine birds coexisting in an ecosystem. All five specimens have a femoral cortex composed mainly of parallel fibered bone with relatively low vascularity. All three Avimaia specimens have 2–3 vascular canals, and asymmetrical growth marks, indicating cortical drift. In Qiliania there are eight longitudinal vascular canals, five of which are concentrated in one region of the cortex. Although the gross anatomy of the skeleton and fusion of compound elements indicates morphological maturity, neither growth marks, an outer circumferential layer (OCL), nor an inner circumferential layer (ICL) are present. The femur of Novavis has some regions of a woven parallel complex and a higher level of vascularity relative to the other specimens (14 longitudinal channels present). Although this specimen is morphologically immature based on gross anatomy, the femur has a well-developed OCL and ICL. These results emphasize the enantiornithine offset between morphological maturity and osteohistological maturity. Development of the OCL appears to be decoupled from morphological maturity, in some cases forming before the skeleton has fully fused, and in others well after. The specimens are similar in size but vary considerably in the number of growth marks present, from none to two. This suggests either developmental plasticity and diverse growth strategies and, complicates attempts to interpret relative age and growth stage in enantiornithines.
{"title":"Osteohistology of enantiornithine birds from the Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation","authors":"Jessie Atterholt , Jingmai K. O’Connor , Hailu You","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We describe the osteohistology of five enantiornithine bird specimens from Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation deposits of the Changma locality in northwestern Gansu Province, China. Samples were taken from the femora of: three specimens of <em>Avimaia schweitzerae</em> (IVPP V25371, IVPP V31956, and GSGM-04-CM-007), <em>Qiliania graffini</em> GSGM-04-CM-006, and <em>Novavis pubisculata</em> IVPP V31957. The objective of this study is to describe intrageneric variation (in <em>Avimaia</em>), and intertaxonomic variation among enantiornithine birds coexisting in an ecosystem. All five specimens have a femoral cortex composed mainly of parallel fibered bone with relatively low vascularity. All three <em>Avimaia</em> specimens have 2–3 vascular canals, and asymmetrical growth marks, indicating cortical drift. In <em>Qiliania</em> there are eight longitudinal vascular canals, five of which are concentrated in one region of the cortex. Although the gross anatomy of the skeleton and fusion of compound elements indicates morphological maturity, neither growth marks, an outer circumferential layer (OCL), nor an inner circumferential layer (ICL) are present. The femur of <em>Novavis</em> has some regions of a woven parallel complex and a higher level of vascularity relative to the other specimens (14 longitudinal channels present). Although this specimen is morphologically immature based on gross anatomy, the femur has a well-developed OCL and ICL. These results emphasize the enantiornithine offset between morphological maturity and osteohistological maturity. Development of the OCL appears to be decoupled from morphological maturity, in some cases forming before the skeleton has fully fused, and in others well after. The specimens are similar in size but vary considerably in the number of growth marks present, from none to two. This suggests either developmental plasticity and diverse growth strategies and, complicates attempts to interpret relative age and growth stage in enantiornithines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 5-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.006
Javier Castro-Terol , Alejandro Pérez-Ramos , Jingmai K. O’Connor , José Luis Sanz , Francisco J. Serrano
The enantiornithine Iberomesornis romerali from the Lower Cretaceous site of Las Hoyas (Spain) was originally described more than 35 years ago. As one of the first known articulated partial skeletons of this clade, I. romerali has been critical to our understanding of early avian systematics. Due to its preservation as a largely two-dimensional slab specimen, previous anatomical descriptions were unable to fully capture its anatomy. Here, we present new anatomical data based on micro-computed tomography of the holotype. We reconstruct five previously poorly known osteological elements, i.e., cervical vertebrae, pygostyle, coracoid, furcula, and humerus. Re-evaluation of these elements resulted in revised scorings for 15 morphological characters commonly used for cladistic analysis of Aves. The results of the modified character matrix support Iberomesornis in a derived position within Enantiornithes, close to the Longipterygidae. In addition, new findings in the coracoid and humerus reveal well-developed muscles for the elevation (i.e., supracoracoideus) and flexion–extension (extensor carpi radiale) of the wing. The new evidences, together with the typical enantiornithine furcula and the small size of the holotype, suggest that I. romerali was capable of flapping flight.
{"title":"Micro-CT reconstruction reveals new information about the phylogenetic position and locomotion of the Early Cretaceous bird Iberomesornis romerali","authors":"Javier Castro-Terol , Alejandro Pérez-Ramos , Jingmai K. O’Connor , José Luis Sanz , Francisco J. Serrano","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The enantiornithine <em>Iberomesornis romerali</em> from the Lower Cretaceous site of Las Hoyas (Spain) was originally described more than 35 years ago. As one of the first known articulated partial skeletons of this clade, <em>I. romerali</em> has been critical to our understanding of early avian systematics. Due to its preservation as a largely two-dimensional slab specimen, previous anatomical descriptions were unable to fully capture its anatomy. Here, we present new anatomical data based on micro-computed tomography of the holotype. We reconstruct five previously poorly known osteological elements, i.e., cervical vertebrae, pygostyle, coracoid, furcula, and humerus. Re-evaluation of these elements resulted in revised scorings for 15 morphological characters commonly used for cladistic analysis of Aves. The results of the modified character matrix support <em>Iberomesornis</em> in a derived position within Enantiornithes, close to the Longipterygidae. In addition, new findings in the coracoid and humerus reveal well-developed muscles for the elevation (i.e., supracoracoideus) and flexion–extension (extensor carpi radiale) of the wing. The new evidences, together with the typical enantiornithine furcula and the small size of the holotype, suggest that <em>I. romerali</em> was capable of flapping flight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 17-30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.004
Mario Marqueta , Carmen Núñez-Lahuerta , Rosa Huguet , Josep Maria Vergès
The study of bird assemblages recovered from archaeological sites provides palaeoclimatic and environmental information, as well as data on the formation processes assemblages and the agents that have acted upon them. In this paper, we present the results of palaeontological and taphonomic analysis of seven avian assemblages recovered from two sites located in the north-eastern Iberian Peninsula: Galls Carboners (GC; 31,380–31,170 cal. BP) and Cudó (CU; CU107 31,245–24,404 cal. BP and CU105 15,585–10,199 cal. BP). GC has yielded four different assemblages (GC105, GC106, GC107, GC108) corresponding to the Heinrich event 3, with only three different taxa, dominated by the presence of Columba. Most of these remains belong to immature individuals. At CU, we studied two assemblages (CU107–CU105) corresponding to Heinrich 3, Heinrich 2 and the Last Glacial Maximum with a similar taxonomic diversity to GC. Assemblage CU105 exhibits the greatest diversity, and small Passeriformes are the most abundant taxa recorded. Of particular interest is the presence of cf. Pinicola enucleator in CU107, today absent in the area and present in boreal areas. Taphonomic results suggest that the origin of accumulations for both sites (GC and CU) was natural death. In addition, different agents modified these accumulations: small carnivorous mammals and nocturnal raptors affected GC’s assemblages, while nocturnal and diurnal raptors would have been the main predators of the birds documented at the CU site. Despite the differences between the accumulations, Heinrich 3 assemblages from GC and CU show a similar low degree of diversity, dominated by rock-dwelling taxa. This may be related to the harsh environment of the area during Heinrich event 3, and not to a taphonomic bias. The more diverse assemblage of CU105 points to an ecosystem recovery after the LGM.
{"title":"The end of the Pleistocene in south-western Europe: The avian assemblages from Heinrich event 3 to the Last Glacial Maximum in the Prades mountains (north-eastern Iberian Peninsula)","authors":"Mario Marqueta , Carmen Núñez-Lahuerta , Rosa Huguet , Josep Maria Vergès","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of bird assemblages recovered from archaeological sites provides palaeoclimatic and environmental information, as well as data on the formation processes assemblages and the agents that have acted upon them. In this paper, we present the results of palaeontological and taphonomic analysis of seven avian assemblages recovered from two sites located in the north-eastern Iberian Peninsula: Galls Carboners (GC; 31,380–31,170 cal. BP) and Cudó (CU; CU107 31,245–24,404 cal. BP and CU105 15,585–10,199 cal. BP). GC has yielded four different assemblages (GC105, GC106, GC107, GC108) corresponding to the Heinrich event 3, with only three different taxa, dominated by the presence of Columba. Most of these remains belong to immature individuals. At CU, we studied two assemblages (CU107–CU105) corresponding to Heinrich 3, Heinrich 2 and the Last Glacial Maximum with a similar taxonomic diversity to GC. Assemblage CU105 exhibits the greatest diversity, and small Passeriformes are the most abundant taxa recorded. Of particular interest is the presence of cf. <em>Pinicola enucleator</em> in CU107, today absent in the area and present in boreal areas. Taphonomic results suggest that the origin of accumulations for both sites (GC and CU) was natural death. In addition, different agents modified these accumulations: small carnivorous mammals and nocturnal raptors affected GC’s assemblages, while nocturnal and diurnal raptors would have been the main predators of the birds documented at the CU site. Despite the differences between the accumulations, Heinrich 3 assemblages from GC and CU show a similar low degree of diversity, dominated by rock-dwelling taxa. This may be related to the harsh environment of the area during Heinrich event 3, and not to a taphonomic bias. The more diverse assemblage of CU105 points to an ecosystem recovery after the LGM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 59-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.021
Vanesa L. De Pietri , R. Paul Scofield , Suzanne J. Hand , Mike Archer , Alan J.D. Tennyson , Trevor H. Worthy
The shorebird family Laridae encompasses gulls, terns, skimmers, and noddies, which today primarily inhabit near-shore marine environments worldwide. Several species of larids of uncertain phylogenetic position within the group have been described from the late Oligocene-Early Miocene of Saint-Gérand-le-Puy, France, but despite this diversity, their global pre-Pliocene fossil record remains poor, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. Here we describe two new species of Laridae from the lacustrine deposits of St Bathans in Central Otago, New Zealand: Australarus bakeri nov. gen., nov. sp., one of the smallest larids known to date, and the medium-sized Miolarus rectirostrum nov. gen., nov. sp. The new species are very distinct from the Oligo-Miocene European taxa, and, at least for A. bakeri, the presence of immature bones indicates local breeding. Australarus bakeri’s distinctiveness and presence of seemingly plesiomorphic features, especially of the humerus and some referred elements may support a phylogenetic position outside crown-group Laridae. The intra-familial relationships of M. rectirostrum remain unclear due to the fragmentary nature of the specimens, despite a resemblance of the maxillary rostrum to some species of gulls. Both new species underscore the diversity and importance of the shorebirds so far described from the Early Miocene St Bathans Fauna.
{"title":"Early Miocene gull-like birds (Charadriiformes: Laridae) from New Zealand","authors":"Vanesa L. De Pietri , R. Paul Scofield , Suzanne J. Hand , Mike Archer , Alan J.D. Tennyson , Trevor H. Worthy","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The shorebird family Laridae encompasses gulls, terns, skimmers, and noddies, which today primarily inhabit near-shore marine environments worldwide. Several species of larids of uncertain phylogenetic position within the group have been described from the late Oligocene-Early Miocene of Saint-Gérand-le-Puy, France, but despite this diversity, their global pre-Pliocene fossil record remains poor, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. Here we describe two new species of Laridae from the lacustrine deposits of St Bathans in Central Otago, New Zealand: <em>Australarus bakeri</em> nov. gen., nov. sp., one of the smallest larids known to date, and the medium-sized <em>Miolarus rectirostrum</em> nov. gen., nov. sp. The new species are very distinct from the Oligo-Miocene European taxa, and, at least for <em>A. bakeri</em>, the presence of immature bones indicates local breeding. <em>Australarus bakeri</em>’s distinctiveness and presence of seemingly plesiomorphic features, especially of the humerus and some referred elements may support a phylogenetic position outside crown-group Laridae. The intra-familial relationships of <em>M. rectirostrum</em> remain unclear due to the fragmentary nature of the specimens, despite a resemblance of the maxillary rostrum to some species of gulls. Both new species underscore the diversity and importance of the shorebirds so far described from the Early Miocene St Bathans Fauna.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 45-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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