Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews最新文献

A robust evidence-based documents the benefits of exercise for patients receiving cancer care. This paper reviews the Moving Through Cancer Initiative of the American College of Sports Medicine through the lens of Dissemination and Implementation science. The review points out several gaps in knowledge, which need to be addressed so that exercise will become standard of care for cancer patients, including the crucial need for economic analyses in the field of exercise oncology.

The purpose of this review was to summarize existing information and identify critical research gaps around pregnancy and the postpartum period in elite endurance athletes. Current literature is primarily exploratory and lacks high-level evidence. We anticipate that continued research will help in identifying the best support mechanisms to offset setbacks associated with pregnancy and postpartum recovery in elite female athletes.

This review summarizes the evidence on the number and intensity of steps associated with health benefits. For older adults, 6000-8000 daily steps is associated with substantial cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality benefits and taking more than 8000 daily steps appears to be associated with additional benefit. For younger adults, taking 8000-10,000 daily steps is associated with substantial mortality benefit.

Cells lining the capillary endothelium, endothelial cells (ECs), play central roles in local and systemic metabolisms by sensing and responding to exercise-induced stresses. ECs release and respond to many factors, coordinating intra- and interorgan communication, supporting angiogenesis, and enhancing oxidative and global metabolism. Their widespread distribution positions them as key regulators of exercise-induced metabolic rewiring.

There is growing evidence that physical activity can benefit cognition acutely and chronically. However, several research questions centered around temporal dynamics and causality remain. Micro-longitudinal studies with ambulatory assessment are a promising approach to address these outstanding research questions and to complement the evidence obtained by traditional study designs.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes are linked to excess lifelong cardiometabolic disease risk. Physical activity and sedentary behavior influence risk factors and fluctuate around childbearing. Our overall hypothesis is that improvement in activity behaviors in the perinatal period, perhaps especially preceding pregnancy or early in pregnancy, can help modify all or most traditional and novel pathways involved in adverse pregnancy outcome-related cardiometabolic disease risk after delivery.

Breast cancer treatment induces a state of premature vascular aging. This article examines the hypothesis that high-intensity interval training may be a time-efficient form of exercise training that effectively mitigates premature vascular aging in breast cancer survivors.

In this review, we hypothesize that delaying physical training initiation until several years after menopause reduces the benefits of exercise on muscle function and cardiovascular health. Early engagement in exercise may counteract the negative effects of estradiol loss by activating pathways with similar molecular targets as estrogen, thereby helping to preserve muscle function and cardiovascular health during the postmenopausal period.

A balance between protein synthesis and degradation regulates skeletal muscle size. Proteolytic mechanisms, like the ubiquitin-proteasome system, are critical processes in protein quality control. Counterintuitively, the E3 ubiquitin ligase, UBR5, appears to be involved in skeletal muscle hypertrophy and regrowth and interacts with protein synthesis. We present the novel hypothesis for protein quality control being critical for skeletal muscle growth and remodeling.