Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews最新文献

Abstract: Receipt of the entire course of intended anti-cancer treatment is critical to maximize treatment efficacy, reduce risk of disease recurrence, and improve survival. Engaging in an exercise program during cancer treatment has the potential to improve treatment completion, but standardization in terminology for reporting on cancer treatment completion is needed, especially as types of cancer treatments continue to evolve.

Abstract: Tendon strain determines the mechanical demand on a tendon and regulates the metabolic and structural response. Imbalances of muscle strength and tendon stiffness can substantially change tendon operating strain, affecting the individual consequences of loading. Such imbalances can be identified based on maximum tendon strain during fixed-end contractions, with implications for a personalized assessment of injury risk and exercise prescription.

Abstract: Research on the role of the lysosome as the terminal organelle in autophagy and in communicating with other organelles in skeletal muscle is in its infancy. We hypothesize that the lysosome can adapt positively to exercise to improve the clearance of cargo, like dysfunctional mitochondria, within muscle, representing an important therapy for protein homeostasis in aging and muscle disuse.

Cardiovascular health is governed by responses of the heart and vasculature to stimuli, including exercise and synthetic hormones in hormonal contraception. In this review, we draw similarities between research examining the effects of exercise training and hormonal contraception on vascular health, aligned using FITT principles (frequency, intensity, type, and time) as a methodological framework, and outline future directions for research.

Prolonged low-frequency force depression (PLFFD) is an intramuscular phenomenon involving the slow recovery of submaximal muscle strength following strenuous exercise. We hypothesize that the contribution of impaired excitation-contraction coupling processes to PLFFD is task dependent, and that they will be different between metabolically and mechanically demanding exercises. We also discuss evidence of the effectiveness of interventions to mitigate PLFFD.

Abstract: Although it is well established that an external compared to an internal focus of attention enhances motor performance and learning, the underlying neural mechanisms remained relatively underexplored. Recent studies revealed that adopting different attentional strategies results in a differential cortico-motor organization. These findings hold great potential for applying attentional strategies for healthy subjects and populations that display motor deficiencies.

Abstract: A high-fat, low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet has already appealed to athletes for a long time due to its purported ability to improve exercise performance and post-exercise recovery. The availability of ketone supplements has further sparked such interest. The review therefore focuses on the potential beneficial impact of exogenous and endogenous ketosis in the context of ultra-endurance exercise.

Abstract: Physical inactivity and sedentarism among autistic adults are a growing public health concern. Focusing on the integration of behavior change theories and emphasizing the unique preference for visuospatial learning and gaming technology, we hypothesize that gamified mobile health (mHealth) applications can be effective at increasing free-living physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior in autistic adults.

We review the evidence indicating that endogenous changes in these hormones, including testosterone, growth hormone, insulin growth factor-1, and estrogen, and their proposed anabolic effects contribute to and augment resistance exercise training (RET)-induced hypertrophy. Additionally, we provide recommendations for gold-standard methodological rigor to establish best practices for verifying menstrual phases as part of their research, ultimately enhancing our understanding of the impact of ovarian hormones on RET-induced adaptations.

We synthesize evidence investigating the hypothesis that greater engagement in physical activity (PA) may compensate for some of the negative cognitive consequences associated with poor sleep in older adults. Potential mechanistic pathways include glymphatic clearance, influences on depression, and other comorbidities. The evidence base is largely cross-sectional and observational, and further experimental studies are required.