Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000286
Bernard Korzeniewski
{"title":"V˙O2 On-Kinetics-Critical Power Relationship: Correlation But Not Direct Causal Link.","authors":"Bernard Korzeniewski","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000286","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41179455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000283
Alexandra F Yacyshyn, Chris J McNeil
Electrically evoked contractions provide insight into intrinsic neuromuscular fatigability and also represent a valuable technique to maintain muscle mass in a clinical setting. To appropriately investigate intrinsic fatigability and design optimal stimulation protocols, it would seem to be crucial to stimulate the muscle at a frequency equivalent to the mean motor unit discharge rate expected at the target force level.
{"title":"Intrinsic Neuromuscular Fatigability in Humans: The Critical Role of Stimulus Frequency.","authors":"Alexandra F Yacyshyn, Chris J McNeil","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000283","DOIUrl":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrically evoked contractions provide insight into intrinsic neuromuscular fatigability and also represent a valuable technique to maintain muscle mass in a clinical setting. To appropriately investigate intrinsic fatigability and design optimal stimulation protocols, it would seem to be crucial to stimulate the muscle at a frequency equivalent to the mean motor unit discharge rate expected at the target force level.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39679764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000278
Ana P Pinto, Eduardo R Ropelle, Joe Quadrilatero, Adelino S R da Silva
Autophagic dysregulation contributes to liver diseases. Although some investigations have examined the effects of endurance and resistance exercise on autophagy activation, potential myokines responsible for skeletal muscle-liver crosstalk are still unknown. Based on experimental studies and bioinformatics, we hypothesized that interleukin 6 (IL-6) and irisin might be key players in the contraction-induced release of molecules that regulate liver autophagic responses.
{"title":"Physical Exercise and Liver Autophagy: Potential Roles of IL-6 and Irisin.","authors":"Ana P Pinto, Eduardo R Ropelle, Joe Quadrilatero, Adelino S R da Silva","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000278","DOIUrl":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autophagic dysregulation contributes to liver diseases. Although some investigations have examined the effects of endurance and resistance exercise on autophagy activation, potential myokines responsible for skeletal muscle-liver crosstalk are still unknown. Based on experimental studies and bioinformatics, we hypothesized that interleukin 6 (IL-6) and irisin might be key players in the contraction-induced release of molecules that regulate liver autophagic responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39629864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000280
Edward F Coyle, Heath M Burton, Remzi Satiroglu
Prolonged sitting prevents a 1-h bout of running from improving fat oxidation and reducing plasma triglycerides. This "exercise resistance" can be prevented by taking 8500 steps·d-1 or by interrupting 8 h of sitting with hourly cycle sprints. We hypothesize that there is an interplay between background physical activity (e.g., steps·d-1) and the exercise stimuli in regulating some acute and chronic adaptations to exercise.
{"title":"Inactivity Causes Resistance to Improvements in Metabolism After Exercise.","authors":"Edward F Coyle, Heath M Burton, Remzi Satiroglu","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000280","DOIUrl":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prolonged sitting prevents a 1-h bout of running from improving fat oxidation and reducing plasma triglycerides. This \"exercise resistance\" can be prevented by taking 8500 steps·d-1 or by interrupting 8 h of sitting with hourly cycle sprints. We hypothesize that there is an interplay between background physical activity (e.g., steps·d-1) and the exercise stimuli in regulating some acute and chronic adaptations to exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39679765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000281
Belinda R Beck
This Perspectives provides a back-to-basics rationale for the ideal exercise prescription for osteoporosis. The relevance of fundamental principles of mechanical loading and bone adaptation determined from early animal studies is revisited. The application to human trials is presented, including recent advances. A model of broadscale implementation is described, and areas for further investigation are identified.
{"title":"Exercise Prescription for Osteoporosis: Back to Basics.","authors":"Belinda R Beck","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000281","DOIUrl":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This Perspectives provides a back-to-basics rationale for the ideal exercise prescription for osteoporosis. The relevance of fundamental principles of mechanical loading and bone adaptation determined from early animal studies is revisited. The application to human trials is presented, including recent advances. A model of broadscale implementation is described, and areas for further investigation are identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39755400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000285
Richie P Goulding, Harry B Rossiter, Simon Marwood, Carrie Ferguson
{"title":"Response.","authors":"Richie P Goulding, Harry B Rossiter, Simon Marwood, Carrie Ferguson","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000285","DOIUrl":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000285","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9113404/pdf/nihms-1768963.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9281156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000275
Hashim Islam, Martin J Gibala, Jonathan P Little
We define exercise snacks as isolated ≤1-min bouts of vigorous exercise performed periodically throughout the day. We hypothesize that exercise snacks are a feasible, well-tolerated, and time-efficient approach to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and reduce the negative impact of sedentary behavior on cardiometabolic health. Efficacy has been demonstrated in small proof-of-concept studies. Additional research should investigate this novel physical activity strategy.
{"title":"Exercise Snacks: A Novel Strategy to Improve Cardiometabolic Health.","authors":"Hashim Islam, Martin J Gibala, Jonathan P Little","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000275","DOIUrl":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We define exercise snacks as isolated ≤1-min bouts of vigorous exercise performed periodically throughout the day. We hypothesize that exercise snacks are a feasible, well-tolerated, and time-efficient approach to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and reduce the negative impact of sedentary behavior on cardiometabolic health. Efficacy has been demonstrated in small proof-of-concept studies. Additional research should investigate this novel physical activity strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39534046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000274
Thea Jackson, Emma L Bostock, Amal Hassan, Julie P Greeves, Craig Sale, Kirsty J Elliott-Sale
Best-practice guidance and management of pregnant and postpartum elite athletes and women in arduous occupations is limited by the lack of high-quality evidence available within these populations. We have summarized the adaptations and implications of pregnancy and childbirth, proposed a novel integrative concept to address these changes, and made recommendations to progress research in this area.
{"title":"The Legacy of Pregnancy: Elite Athletes and Women in Arduous Occupations.","authors":"Thea Jackson, Emma L Bostock, Amal Hassan, Julie P Greeves, Craig Sale, Kirsty J Elliott-Sale","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Best-practice guidance and management of pregnant and postpartum elite athletes and women in arduous occupations is limited by the lack of high-quality evidence available within these populations. We have summarized the adaptations and implications of pregnancy and childbirth, proposed a novel integrative concept to address these changes, and made recommendations to progress research in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39534047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000279
{"title":"From the Editor.","authors":"","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000279","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39750279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000272
Barbora Piknova, Alan N Schechter, Ji Won Park, Anni Vanhatalo, Andrew M Jones
Nonenzymatic nitric oxide (NO) generation via the reduction of nitrate and nitrite ions, along with remarkably high levels of nitrate ions in skeletal muscle, have been described recently. Skeletal muscle nitrate storage may be critical for maintenance of NO homeostasis in healthy aging, and nitrate supplementation may be useful for the treatment of specific pathophysiologies and for enhancing normal functions.
{"title":"Skeletal Muscle Nitrate as a Regulator of Systemic Nitric Oxide Homeostasis.","authors":"Barbora Piknova, Alan N Schechter, Ji Won Park, Anni Vanhatalo, Andrew M Jones","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonenzymatic nitric oxide (NO) generation via the reduction of nitrate and nitrite ions, along with remarkably high levels of nitrate ions in skeletal muscle, have been described recently. Skeletal muscle nitrate storage may be critical for maintenance of NO homeostasis in healthy aging, and nitrate supplementation may be useful for the treatment of specific pathophysiologies and for enhancing normal functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8677611/pdf/essr-50-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39534045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}