Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews最新文献

Breast cancer treatment induces a state of premature vascular aging. This article examines the hypothesis that high-intensity interval training may be a time-efficient form of exercise training that effectively mitigates premature vascular aging in breast cancer survivors.

A balance between protein synthesis and degradation regulates skeletal muscle size. Proteolytic mechanisms, like the ubiquitin-proteasome system, are critical processes in protein quality control. Counterintuitively, the E3 ubiquitin ligase, UBR5, appears to be involved in skeletal muscle hypertrophy and regrowth and interacts with protein synthesis. We present the novel hypothesis for protein quality control being critical for skeletal muscle growth and remodeling.

Interrupting sitting is metabolically beneficial in type 2 diabetes. Wearable electromyography can identify opportunities for personalized care and mechanistic insight. Interrupting prolonged sitting in type 2 diabetes is associated with metabolic and cardiovascular benefits. Wearable electromyography enables precise quantification of the related muscle-excitation patterns. Integrating metabolic and electromyographic evidence from experimental and free-living conditions should not only inform the personalization of physical activity for type 2 diabetes management, but also open windows of opportunity for future mechanistic insight.

This review provides an overview of the benefits of foot muscle strengthening in older people. Foot muscle weakness is a common accompaniment of advancing age and has important functional consequences. However, the merit of foot muscle strengthening programs is yet to be fully demonstrated. The review explores the effect of aging on foot muscle strength and its implications, whether foot muscles can be strengthened, and how foot muscle strength can be measured in the clinical setting.

Receipt of the entire course of intended anticancer treatment is critical to maximize treatment efficacy, reduce risk of disease recurrence, and improve survival. Engaging in an exercise program during cancer treatment has the potential to improve treatment completion, but standardization in terminology for reporting on cancer treatment completion is needed, especially as types of cancer treatments continue to evolve.

Exercise is a crucial component of cardiac rehabilitation; however, lack of physical assessment and consideration of the full cardiovascular risk profile limits individualization and potentially effectiveness. We propose a model to prescribe exercise dose, dosing, and dosage that considers cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol concentrations, along with medications and nutrition to improve individual outcomes from cardiac rehabilitation.

Pregnancy loss can result in the development of mental health disorders. There is limited information regarding interventions to prevent and appropriately manage such psychological disorders. Exercise may be a feasible intervention to promote physical and mental well-being postloss. It is hypothesized exercise following pregnancy loss will reduce the risk of psychological morbidity and improve physical well-being of previously expectant women.

After sports-related concussion (SRC), some athletes return before full recovery due to time-based return-to-play recommendations or the masking of symptoms, potentially increasing future injury risk. We hypothesize that current return-to-play decisions for nonprofessional athletes results in heightened risk of subsequent injury and should involve symptom-based assessment including multifactorial assessment of the qualities known to be impacted by SRC.

Our Perspective for Progress highlights sex differences in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function that evolve with aging, with an influence of denervation emerging in advanced age. Gaps include knowledge about mitochondrial alterations in microdomains of muscle fibers, plasticity of the mitochondrial reticulum to acute muscle contractions, and advanced age of both sexes.