Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1177/1721727x231223365
Hayaa M. Alhuthali, Hind A. Alzahrani, Eman F. Ataya, M. Almehmadi, A. Alsaiari, Amani A. Alrehaili, M. M. Bakhuraysah, F. Alsaeedi, Ohud Alsalmi, Wafaa Altalhi, Amal F. Gharib, Eman N. Ramadan
Vitamin D (VD) deficiency has widespread prevalence worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, it is the most common form of public health problem with regard to malnutrition. This is because there is insufficient knowledge about negative VD practices. The current study aimed to evaluate VD deficiency knowledge and practices before and after the implementation of an awareness programme. A quasi-experimental design was used for the study, which was conducted at the College of Applied Medical Science at Al-Baha University. A convenience sample encompassing all the female students in the Public Health Department was used ( n = 83 students). Two tools were used for data collection; the first was an intervention questionnaire to assess the students’ knowledge, and the second was a questionnaire concerned with students’ practices in preventing VD deficiency. The mean age of the students was 20.75 ± 7.85 years. Of the study’s subjects, 45.8% suffered from VD deficiency and 72.3% had a family history of VD deficiency. The study showed that there had been significant progress in students’ VD knowledge and behaviours following the programme. While 59% of the students had poor knowledge and 95.2% had unsatisfactory practices pre-intervention, 86.7% and 48.2% showed exemplary knowledge and a positive attitude towards VD, respectively, post-intervention. The scores achieved by the students had significantly changed ( p ≤ .01); compared to the knowledge and practice scores of 24.43 ± 7.21 out of 53 and 24.29 ± 5.23 out of 48, respectively, before the intervention, they were elevated to 46.89 ± 9.93 and 29.39 ± 14.23 following the awareness programme. This type of health education programme can raise VD deficiency knowledge and improve practices. This study highlights the importance of holding public health awareness campaigns and recommends the creation of specifically designed booklets and leaflets for medical students and patients/visitors to hospital and public places.
{"title":"Enhancing knowledge and practices toward Vitamin D deficiency through implementing awareness programs among medical science female students","authors":"Hayaa M. Alhuthali, Hind A. Alzahrani, Eman F. Ataya, M. Almehmadi, A. Alsaiari, Amani A. Alrehaili, M. M. Bakhuraysah, F. Alsaeedi, Ohud Alsalmi, Wafaa Altalhi, Amal F. Gharib, Eman N. Ramadan","doi":"10.1177/1721727x231223365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727x231223365","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D (VD) deficiency has widespread prevalence worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, it is the most common form of public health problem with regard to malnutrition. This is because there is insufficient knowledge about negative VD practices. The current study aimed to evaluate VD deficiency knowledge and practices before and after the implementation of an awareness programme. A quasi-experimental design was used for the study, which was conducted at the College of Applied Medical Science at Al-Baha University. A convenience sample encompassing all the female students in the Public Health Department was used ( n = 83 students). Two tools were used for data collection; the first was an intervention questionnaire to assess the students’ knowledge, and the second was a questionnaire concerned with students’ practices in preventing VD deficiency. The mean age of the students was 20.75 ± 7.85 years. Of the study’s subjects, 45.8% suffered from VD deficiency and 72.3% had a family history of VD deficiency. The study showed that there had been significant progress in students’ VD knowledge and behaviours following the programme. While 59% of the students had poor knowledge and 95.2% had unsatisfactory practices pre-intervention, 86.7% and 48.2% showed exemplary knowledge and a positive attitude towards VD, respectively, post-intervention. The scores achieved by the students had significantly changed ( p ≤ .01); compared to the knowledge and practice scores of 24.43 ± 7.21 out of 53 and 24.29 ± 5.23 out of 48, respectively, before the intervention, they were elevated to 46.89 ± 9.93 and 29.39 ± 14.23 following the awareness programme. This type of health education programme can raise VD deficiency knowledge and improve practices. This study highlights the importance of holding public health awareness campaigns and recommends the creation of specifically designed booklets and leaflets for medical students and patients/visitors to hospital and public places.","PeriodicalId":55162,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Inflammation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139017238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1177/1721727x231220156
Wen-Xin Zhang, Jin-He Xiong
Lupus enteritis (LE) is prone to incorrect and missed diagnoses. LE primarily occurs during the active stage of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which often manifests with alterations in peripheral blood cell that may serve as indicators of disease activity and organ damage. This study aims to investigate the alterations and predictive value of routine blood parameters for LE diagnosis. This exploratory study retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 36 patients with SLE who were admitted to Suining Central Hospital between January 2006 and April 2023. Additionally, a control group consisting of 72 SLE patients without LE, matched for sex and age, was enrolled. A comparison was made between the two groups regarding clinical characteristics and changes in routine blood parameters. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors and evaluate their diagnostic performance for LE. The LE group exhibited significantly higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), along with a lower lymphocyte count (LYM), compared to the control group ( p < .05). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that NLR independently predicted the onset of LE, with an odds ratio of 1.347 and a 95% confidence interval of 1.070–1.696 ( p < .01). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that NLR had an area under the curve of 0.68 for diagnosing LE ( p < .05). When the cutoff value was set at 2.44, the Youden Index was only 0.31. Significant differences were observed in several routine parameters between patients with LE and the control group, which can be attributed to the occurrence of LE during the active stage of SLE. However, only the NLR emerged as an independent risk factor for LE,and its predicting vulue for was insufficient; no blood routine parameter has been identified as an reliable predictor for LE.
{"title":"Alterations and predictive value of blood routine parameters in patients with lupus enteritis: A retrospective study","authors":"Wen-Xin Zhang, Jin-He Xiong","doi":"10.1177/1721727x231220156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727x231220156","url":null,"abstract":"Lupus enteritis (LE) is prone to incorrect and missed diagnoses. LE primarily occurs during the active stage of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which often manifests with alterations in peripheral blood cell that may serve as indicators of disease activity and organ damage. This study aims to investigate the alterations and predictive value of routine blood parameters for LE diagnosis. This exploratory study retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 36 patients with SLE who were admitted to Suining Central Hospital between January 2006 and April 2023. Additionally, a control group consisting of 72 SLE patients without LE, matched for sex and age, was enrolled. A comparison was made between the two groups regarding clinical characteristics and changes in routine blood parameters. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors and evaluate their diagnostic performance for LE. The LE group exhibited significantly higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), along with a lower lymphocyte count (LYM), compared to the control group ( p < .05). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that NLR independently predicted the onset of LE, with an odds ratio of 1.347 and a 95% confidence interval of 1.070–1.696 ( p < .01). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that NLR had an area under the curve of 0.68 for diagnosing LE ( p < .05). When the cutoff value was set at 2.44, the Youden Index was only 0.31. Significant differences were observed in several routine parameters between patients with LE and the control group, which can be attributed to the occurrence of LE during the active stage of SLE. However, only the NLR emerged as an independent risk factor for LE,and its predicting vulue for was insufficient; no blood routine parameter has been identified as an reliable predictor for LE.","PeriodicalId":55162,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Inflammation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138626475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1177/1721727x231220237
Lin Wang, Zhigang Wang, Mei Zhang, Shuiqing Xiao, Qiushuang Gao
Purpose: To assess the effects of orthodontic treatment on the changes of Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P.g) and gingipains as well as gingival inflammation. Materials and methods: A total of 105 patients who had healthy gingivae and were treated as research subjects, the gingival crevicular fluid of whom was all collected before treatment and in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 6th months after wearing an appliance. Then, the 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was employed to detect the levels of P.g, Lys-gingipain (Kgp) and Arg-gingipain (Rgp) in the specimens. It was followed by a statistical analysis of the data via the SPSS 23.0 software package. Results: In P.g detection, the 16S rDNA PCR technique presented specific advantages and high sensitivity. The positive detection rate of P.g in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd month of treatment ( p < .05), that of Kgp in P.g-positive patients in the 2nd and 3rd months of treatment ( p < .05), and that of Rgp in P.g-positive patients in the 2nd and 3rd months of treatment ( p < .05) were higher than the pre-treatment results. Compared with gingival index (GI)-0 patients, GI-1 patients exhibited higher positive detection rates of P.g and Kgp and Rgp, which were further found to be positively correlated with the treatment duration and GI ( p < .05). Conclusion: In the early stage of orthodontic treatment, the levels of P.g, Kgp and Rgp rise after wearing the appliance, inducing gingival inflammation.
{"title":"Effects of orthodontic treatment on porphyromonas gingivalis, gingipains and gingival inflammation","authors":"Lin Wang, Zhigang Wang, Mei Zhang, Shuiqing Xiao, Qiushuang Gao","doi":"10.1177/1721727x231220237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727x231220237","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To assess the effects of orthodontic treatment on the changes of Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P.g) and gingipains as well as gingival inflammation. Materials and methods: A total of 105 patients who had healthy gingivae and were treated as research subjects, the gingival crevicular fluid of whom was all collected before treatment and in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 6th months after wearing an appliance. Then, the 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was employed to detect the levels of P.g, Lys-gingipain (Kgp) and Arg-gingipain (Rgp) in the specimens. It was followed by a statistical analysis of the data via the SPSS 23.0 software package. Results: In P.g detection, the 16S rDNA PCR technique presented specific advantages and high sensitivity. The positive detection rate of P.g in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd month of treatment ( p < .05), that of Kgp in P.g-positive patients in the 2nd and 3rd months of treatment ( p < .05), and that of Rgp in P.g-positive patients in the 2nd and 3rd months of treatment ( p < .05) were higher than the pre-treatment results. Compared with gingival index (GI)-0 patients, GI-1 patients exhibited higher positive detection rates of P.g and Kgp and Rgp, which were further found to be positively correlated with the treatment duration and GI ( p < .05). Conclusion: In the early stage of orthodontic treatment, the levels of P.g, Kgp and Rgp rise after wearing the appliance, inducing gingival inflammation.","PeriodicalId":55162,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Inflammation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138627357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1177/1721727x231214919
Cong mo Shen, Feng Li
The early clinical manifestations of pyoderma gangrenosum are not characteristic, it resembles other infectious skin lesions and is difficult to identify in the early stages. The exploratory surgery for direct observation of the superficial fascia of the suspected infection site for signs of infection, together with the collection of tissue samples for bacterial culture, combined with histopathological biopsy and clinical manifestations, was of significant value in the differential diagnosis of this disease and infectious skin lesions with similar manifestations. We introduce a patient who was admitted to hospital with redness and swelling of the left calf and foot for 7 days. The local appearance of the lesion resembled a carbuncle or early-stage necrotizing fasciitis. We performed surgical exploration for a definitive diagnosis but found no signs of infection, therefore, infection could be preliminarily ruled out. The disease was finally diagnosed as pyoderma gangrenosum, which was treated with hormone therapy and recovered after dressing change.
{"title":"Experience in early diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum: A case report","authors":"Cong mo Shen, Feng Li","doi":"10.1177/1721727x231214919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727x231214919","url":null,"abstract":"The early clinical manifestations of pyoderma gangrenosum are not characteristic, it resembles other infectious skin lesions and is difficult to identify in the early stages. The exploratory surgery for direct observation of the superficial fascia of the suspected infection site for signs of infection, together with the collection of tissue samples for bacterial culture, combined with histopathological biopsy and clinical manifestations, was of significant value in the differential diagnosis of this disease and infectious skin lesions with similar manifestations. We introduce a patient who was admitted to hospital with redness and swelling of the left calf and foot for 7 days. The local appearance of the lesion resembled a carbuncle or early-stage necrotizing fasciitis. We performed surgical exploration for a definitive diagnosis but found no signs of infection, therefore, infection could be preliminarily ruled out. The disease was finally diagnosed as pyoderma gangrenosum, which was treated with hormone therapy and recovered after dressing change.","PeriodicalId":55162,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Inflammation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139016420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-06DOI: 10.1177/1721727x231184764
Jiakui Zhang, Dan Wu, Hong Zheng, Xiaojuan Ding, Xiujuan Ding, Yong Huang
Tuberculosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has rarely been reported. Herein, we report the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with AML who was finally diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis following consolidation chemotherapy. In this case, chest CT showed space-occupying lesions near the right pulmonary hilum after the second cycle of consolidation chemotherapy. Initially, extramedullary infiltration of AML and lung cancer were considered. After consolidation chemotherapy, antibiotics were simultaneously administered, but persistent fever continued. Later, based on the positive acid-fast staining of the tissue puncture following tracheoscopy and the sputum, the patient was diagnosed to have pulmonary tuberculosis and immediately transferred to a dedicated tuberculosis hospital for anti-tuberculosis treatment. Unfortunately, the patient died of respiratory failure 3 months later. In conclusion, in cases wherein AML patients have persistent fever or pulmonary space-occupying lesions of unknown causes during chemotherapy, the possibility of tuberculosis should be considered. Early diagnosis and targeted anti-tuberculosis treatment may significantly improve the prognosis of patients.
{"title":"Pulmonary tuberculosis in a case of acute myeloid leukemia during consolidation chemotherapy","authors":"Jiakui Zhang, Dan Wu, Hong Zheng, Xiaojuan Ding, Xiujuan Ding, Yong Huang","doi":"10.1177/1721727x231184764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727x231184764","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has rarely been reported. Herein, we report the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with AML who was finally diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis following consolidation chemotherapy. In this case, chest CT showed space-occupying lesions near the right pulmonary hilum after the second cycle of consolidation chemotherapy. Initially, extramedullary infiltration of AML and lung cancer were considered. After consolidation chemotherapy, antibiotics were simultaneously administered, but persistent fever continued. Later, based on the positive acid-fast staining of the tissue puncture following tracheoscopy and the sputum, the patient was diagnosed to have pulmonary tuberculosis and immediately transferred to a dedicated tuberculosis hospital for anti-tuberculosis treatment. Unfortunately, the patient died of respiratory failure 3 months later. In conclusion, in cases wherein AML patients have persistent fever or pulmonary space-occupying lesions of unknown causes during chemotherapy, the possibility of tuberculosis should be considered. Early diagnosis and targeted anti-tuberculosis treatment may significantly improve the prognosis of patients.","PeriodicalId":55162,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Inflammation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46638328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1177/1721727x231199414
Cheng-Ying Hsieh, T. Jayakumar, Kao-Chang Lin, T. Yen, Chih-Wei Hsia, Wei-Chieh Huang, J. Sheu, C. Hsia
Oxidative stress induces chronic inflammatory diseases in aerobic organisms, and antioxidants from plants represent an efficient strategy to prevent this condition. Morin hydrate (MH), a bioactive flavonoid, has a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant. This study evaluated the protective effects of MH on lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages by testing the main oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers and also investigating the molecular pathways involved. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of MH were evaluated in a cell-free system and RAW264.7 cells. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and assay kits were used to measure the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) mRNA, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The effects of MH on LTA-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1β, and TNF-α mRNA and protein expression were also evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. MH reduced DPPH and ABTS radicals in a cell-free system and LTA-induced ROS and NO production in RAW264.7 cells. MH upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA expression and reversed LTA-mediated reduction of antioxidant enzymes, at a high concentration of 20 µM pretreated cells. MH also effectively attenuated LTA-induced iNOS, IL-1β, and TNF-α mRNA and protein expression, and these effects were reversed by ML385. The study found that the Nrf2/HO-1 played role in the inhibition of LTA-induced oxidative stress in macrophages by MH. This study may consider to be a promising induced macrophage-targeted strategy via regulating anti-oxidative defense to control inflammatory-related disease.
{"title":"Morin hydrate suppresses lipoteichoic acid-induced oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory events in macrophages via augmenting Nrf2/HO-1 and antioxidant defense molecules","authors":"Cheng-Ying Hsieh, T. Jayakumar, Kao-Chang Lin, T. Yen, Chih-Wei Hsia, Wei-Chieh Huang, J. Sheu, C. Hsia","doi":"10.1177/1721727x231199414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727x231199414","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative stress induces chronic inflammatory diseases in aerobic organisms, and antioxidants from plants represent an efficient strategy to prevent this condition. Morin hydrate (MH), a bioactive flavonoid, has a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant. This study evaluated the protective effects of MH on lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages by testing the main oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers and also investigating the molecular pathways involved. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of MH were evaluated in a cell-free system and RAW264.7 cells. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and assay kits were used to measure the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) mRNA, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The effects of MH on LTA-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1β, and TNF-α mRNA and protein expression were also evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. MH reduced DPPH and ABTS radicals in a cell-free system and LTA-induced ROS and NO production in RAW264.7 cells. MH upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA expression and reversed LTA-mediated reduction of antioxidant enzymes, at a high concentration of 20 µM pretreated cells. MH also effectively attenuated LTA-induced iNOS, IL-1β, and TNF-α mRNA and protein expression, and these effects were reversed by ML385. The study found that the Nrf2/HO-1 played role in the inhibition of LTA-induced oxidative stress in macrophages by MH. This study may consider to be a promising induced macrophage-targeted strategy via regulating anti-oxidative defense to control inflammatory-related disease.","PeriodicalId":55162,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Inflammation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47988916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1177/1721727x231197498
Yue Xiong, Xiaohui Song, Xiangrui Sheng, Jian Wu, Xin Chang, Tian Ren, Jin Cao, T. Cheng, Mingjun Wang
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovitis and articular destruction. Pain is the earliest and most important symptom. The Janus kinase/stat signaling pathway not only participates in the physiological processes such as the growth and differentiation of normal cells, but also plays a significant role in the pathological mechanisms such as pain in RA patients. Pain in RA patients is mediated by both inflammatory and non-inflammatory factors, including central sensitization and peripheral sensitization. Cytokines can regulate the nociceptor threshold through the JAK pathway, which leads to sensitization. In this review, we provide an overview of the physiological basis of pain modulation, the underlying importance of cytokines and JAK/STAT pathway in pain modulation, and finally introduce the performance of JAK inhibitors in clinical research. Having a better understanding of the mechanism of pain in RA may provide new therapeutic ideas and directions for the clinical improvement of pain in RA patients.
{"title":"A review of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling and cytokines in the pain mechanism of rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Yue Xiong, Xiaohui Song, Xiangrui Sheng, Jian Wu, Xin Chang, Tian Ren, Jin Cao, T. Cheng, Mingjun Wang","doi":"10.1177/1721727x231197498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727x231197498","url":null,"abstract":"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovitis and articular destruction. Pain is the earliest and most important symptom. The Janus kinase/stat signaling pathway not only participates in the physiological processes such as the growth and differentiation of normal cells, but also plays a significant role in the pathological mechanisms such as pain in RA patients. Pain in RA patients is mediated by both inflammatory and non-inflammatory factors, including central sensitization and peripheral sensitization. Cytokines can regulate the nociceptor threshold through the JAK pathway, which leads to sensitization. In this review, we provide an overview of the physiological basis of pain modulation, the underlying importance of cytokines and JAK/STAT pathway in pain modulation, and finally introduce the performance of JAK inhibitors in clinical research. Having a better understanding of the mechanism of pain in RA may provide new therapeutic ideas and directions for the clinical improvement of pain in RA patients.","PeriodicalId":55162,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Inflammation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41278989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.1177/1721727x231197922
Pu Wang, Changhong Wang, Dawei Chen
To identify whether thymosin-α-1 (Tα1) is effective in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to determine a suitable population for Tα1 treatment. We included studies with ≥10 cases and adults (aged ≥18 years) with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, data on mortality or length of hospitalization, disease severity, and study location, while excluded pregnant and breastfeeding women and minors. Publications were searched from November 1, 2019, to July 5, 2023, in six databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and Wanfang Database. We separately utilized Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane handbook methodology to evaluate risk of bias and used Review Manager (version 5.4, Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark) to present and synthesize results. Relative risks (RR) and Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were analyzed for dichotomous variables and continuous variables, respectively. Nine studies (participants = 5417) were included. No significant differences were found in mortality (nine studies; n = 5417; RR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.56, −1.60; p = .84; I2 = 90%) or length of hospitalization (four studies; n = 3688; SMD = 0.16; 95% CI: −0.38, −0.69; p = .57; I2 = 96%) between patients with COVID-19 who did and did not receive Tα1. Participants were divided by the severity of the disease (serious and non-serious) and study location. Among the serious group, the incidence of death among patients who received Tα1 treatment was 0.67 times that of patients who did not receive Tα1 treatment (four studies; n = 1230; RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.58, −0.77; p < .00,001; I2 = 0%). There was no significant difference in length of hospitalization between the groups (two studies; n = 410; SMD = 0.66; 95% CI: −0.06, −1.38; p = .07; I2 = 87%). Among the non-serious group, compared to not having Tα1 treatment, receiving Tα1 treatment reduced hospitalization length (two studies; n = 3670; SMD = −0.28; 95% CI: −0.41, −0.14; p < .0001; I2 = 51%), while no significant difference in mortality (three studies; n = 3775; RR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.22, −5.03; p = .94; I2 = 89%). Moreover, there was no significant difference between subgroups when divided by study locations (Studies within China: seven studies; n = 5263; RR = 1.14; 95% CI: 0.64, −2.04; p = .65; I2=92%; Studies outside of China: two studies; n = 154; RR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.14, −1.24; p = .11; I2 = 51%). For patients with serious types of COVID-19, Tα1 significantly decreased mortality, which supports the utilization of Tα1 in patients with severe and critical types of COVID-19. Moreover, regarding hospitalization length, patients with non-serious COVID-19 who used Tα1 reduced their hospitalization length compared to those that did not use Tα1. However, these results have high heterogeneity and limited generalizability.
确定胸腺肽-α-1（Tα1）对2019冠状病毒病（新冠肺炎）患者是否有效，并确定适合治疗Tα1的人群。我们纳入了对≥10例病例和实验室确诊感染严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型的成年人（年龄≥18岁）的研究，包括死亡率或住院时间、疾病严重程度和研究地点的数据，同时排除了孕妇、哺乳期妇女和未成年人。从2019年11月1日至2023年7月5日，在PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知识资源综合数据库和万方数据库等六个数据库中检索出版物。我们分别使用Newcastle Ottawa量表和Cochrane手册方法来评估偏倚风险，并使用Review Manager（5.4版，Cochrane Collaboration，Copenhagen，Denmark）来呈现和综合结果。分别分析了二分变量和连续变量的相对风险（RR）和95%置信区间的标准化平均差（SMD）。包括9项研究（参与者=5417人）。在接受和未接受Tα1治疗的新冠肺炎患者的死亡率（9项研究；n=5417；RR=0.95；95%CI:0.56，−1.60；p=.84；I2=90%）或住院时间（4项研究；n=3688；SMD=0.16；95%CI:−0.38，−0.69；p=.57；I2=96%）方面未发现显著差异。参与者根据疾病的严重程度（严重和非严重）和研究地点进行划分。在严重组中，接受Tα1治疗的患者的死亡发生率是未接受Tα1治疗患者的0.67倍（四项研究；n=1230；RR:0.67；95%CI:0.58，-0.77；p<.00001；I2=0%）。两组之间的住院时间没有显著差异（两项研究；n=410；SMD=0.66；95%CI:−0.06，−1.38；p=.07；I2=87%）。在非严重组中，与未接受Tα1治疗相比，接受Tα-1治疗缩短了住院时间（两项研究；n=3670；SMD=−0.28；95%CI:−0.41，−0.14；p<.0001；I2=51%），而死亡率没有显著差异（三项研究；n=3775；RR=1.06；95%CI:0.22，−5.03；p=.94；I2=89%）。此外，按研究地点划分的亚组之间没有显著差异（中国境内研究：7项研究；n=5263；RR=1.14；95%CI:0.64，−2.04；p=.65；I2=92%；中国境外研究：2项研究；n=154；RR=0.41；95%CI:0.14，−1.24；p=.11；I2=51%）。对于严重型新冠肺炎患者，Tα1显著降低死亡率，这支持了Tα1在严重型和危重型新冠肺炎患者中的应用。此外，关于住院时间，使用Tα1的非严重新冠肺炎患者与未使用Tα2的患者相比，缩短了住院时间。然而，这些结果具有高度的异质性和有限的可推广性。
{"title":"Efficacy of thymosin-α-1 in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Pu Wang, Changhong Wang, Dawei Chen","doi":"10.1177/1721727x231197922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727x231197922","url":null,"abstract":"To identify whether thymosin-α-1 (Tα1) is effective in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to determine a suitable population for Tα1 treatment. We included studies with ≥10 cases and adults (aged ≥18 years) with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, data on mortality or length of hospitalization, disease severity, and study location, while excluded pregnant and breastfeeding women and minors. Publications were searched from November 1, 2019, to July 5, 2023, in six databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and Wanfang Database. We separately utilized Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane handbook methodology to evaluate risk of bias and used Review Manager (version 5.4, Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark) to present and synthesize results. Relative risks (RR) and Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were analyzed for dichotomous variables and continuous variables, respectively. Nine studies (participants = 5417) were included. No significant differences were found in mortality (nine studies; n = 5417; RR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.56, −1.60; p = .84; I2 = 90%) or length of hospitalization (four studies; n = 3688; SMD = 0.16; 95% CI: −0.38, −0.69; p = .57; I2 = 96%) between patients with COVID-19 who did and did not receive Tα1. Participants were divided by the severity of the disease (serious and non-serious) and study location. Among the serious group, the incidence of death among patients who received Tα1 treatment was 0.67 times that of patients who did not receive Tα1 treatment (four studies; n = 1230; RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.58, −0.77; p < .00,001; I2 = 0%). There was no significant difference in length of hospitalization between the groups (two studies; n = 410; SMD = 0.66; 95% CI: −0.06, −1.38; p = .07; I2 = 87%). Among the non-serious group, compared to not having Tα1 treatment, receiving Tα1 treatment reduced hospitalization length (two studies; n = 3670; SMD = −0.28; 95% CI: −0.41, −0.14; p < .0001; I2 = 51%), while no significant difference in mortality (three studies; n = 3775; RR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.22, −5.03; p = .94; I2 = 89%). Moreover, there was no significant difference between subgroups when divided by study locations (Studies within China: seven studies; n = 5263; RR = 1.14; 95% CI: 0.64, −2.04; p = .65; I2=92%; Studies outside of China: two studies; n = 154; RR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.14, −1.24; p = .11; I2 = 51%). For patients with serious types of COVID-19, Tα1 significantly decreased mortality, which supports the utilization of Tα1 in patients with severe and critical types of COVID-19. Moreover, regarding hospitalization length, patients with non-serious COVID-19 who used Tα1 reduced their hospitalization length compared to those that did not use Tα1. However, these results have high heterogeneity and limited generalizability.","PeriodicalId":55162,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Inflammation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46883743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.1177/1721727x231195205
Breanne Hayes, Brian P. Peppers
Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of COVID-19 infection on individuals with mannose binding lectin deficiency. Methods: An electronic medical records search was conducted for MBL deficiency and COVID-19 positive tests from March 2020-August 2022. Individualized chart analysis was conducted and statistical analysis was performed. Results: Thirty-three people in WVU medicine health system carry a diagnosis of mannose binding lectin deficiency and were diagnosed with COVID-19. The mean age of this cohort was 41 years. Seven individuals had severe enough symptoms to lead to an emergency department visit. One person was hospitalized. MBL deficient individuals had 7 times the odds of hospitalization ( p = .1506, OR 7.06 (CI 1.117-44.52)) compared to the general public. There was zero mortality among the MBL deficient population. None of the patients reported thrombosis or blood clots. Conclusion: This retrospective cross-sectional analysis of those with known MBL deficiency and COVID-19 infection suggest a lower risk of fatalities and thrombotic events in this cohort. There was however a higher odds ratio of hospitalization compared to the general public, although this was not statistically significant.
{"title":"Mannose binding lectin deficiency and COVID-19 rates of thrombosis and mortality: Partial protection by immunodeficiency","authors":"Breanne Hayes, Brian P. Peppers","doi":"10.1177/1721727x231195205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727x231195205","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of COVID-19 infection on individuals with mannose binding lectin deficiency. Methods: An electronic medical records search was conducted for MBL deficiency and COVID-19 positive tests from March 2020-August 2022. Individualized chart analysis was conducted and statistical analysis was performed. Results: Thirty-three people in WVU medicine health system carry a diagnosis of mannose binding lectin deficiency and were diagnosed with COVID-19. The mean age of this cohort was 41 years. Seven individuals had severe enough symptoms to lead to an emergency department visit. One person was hospitalized. MBL deficient individuals had 7 times the odds of hospitalization ( p = .1506, OR 7.06 (CI 1.117-44.52)) compared to the general public. There was zero mortality among the MBL deficient population. None of the patients reported thrombosis or blood clots. Conclusion: This retrospective cross-sectional analysis of those with known MBL deficiency and COVID-19 infection suggest a lower risk of fatalities and thrombotic events in this cohort. There was however a higher odds ratio of hospitalization compared to the general public, although this was not statistically significant.","PeriodicalId":55162,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Inflammation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48811790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.1177/1721727x231195719
Ya-Ying Chang, Wei-Horng Jean, Cheng-Wei Lu, Tzu-Yu Lin
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerance is the downregulation of LPS signaling after pre-exposure to LPS, and it provides protection against hyperactive inflammation. Cytokine production decreases during LPS tolerance, and the phenotype of LPS-tolerant monocytes shifts toward M2 (anti-inflammatory) type. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is a widely used anti-inflammatory agent. Although MgSO4 inhibits LPS signaling, the effect of MgSO4 on LPS tolerance is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effects of MgSO4 on LPS tolerance. To induce LPS tolerance, THP-1 cells were stimulated with LPS (200 ng/mL, 2 h) after pre-exposure to LPS (200 ng/mL, 24 h) with or without pre-treatment of MgSO4 (20 mM, 24 h). Our results revealed that MgSO4 enhanced LPS tolerance by downregulating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-induced tumor necrosis factor-α or interleukin-6, and upregulating cluster of differentiation 163 (a M2-associated marker). Furthermore, the LPS-triggered upregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) was significantly increased during LPS tolerance. MgSO4 activated PI3K, but inhibited NF-κB in LPS-stimulated cells. Notably, MgSO4 mitigated the signaling of both PI3K and NF-κB in LPS-tolerant cells, suggesting the effect of MgSO4 on LPS tolerance relies on the modulation of the crosstalk between PI3K and NF-κB. MgSO4 enhanced LSP tolerance, thus providing evidence for a novel underlying mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects of MgSO4.
{"title":"Magnesium sulfate enhances lipopolysaccharide tolerance","authors":"Ya-Ying Chang, Wei-Horng Jean, Cheng-Wei Lu, Tzu-Yu Lin","doi":"10.1177/1721727x231195719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727x231195719","url":null,"abstract":"Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerance is the downregulation of LPS signaling after pre-exposure to LPS, and it provides protection against hyperactive inflammation. Cytokine production decreases during LPS tolerance, and the phenotype of LPS-tolerant monocytes shifts toward M2 (anti-inflammatory) type. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is a widely used anti-inflammatory agent. Although MgSO4 inhibits LPS signaling, the effect of MgSO4 on LPS tolerance is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effects of MgSO4 on LPS tolerance. To induce LPS tolerance, THP-1 cells were stimulated with LPS (200 ng/mL, 2 h) after pre-exposure to LPS (200 ng/mL, 24 h) with or without pre-treatment of MgSO4 (20 mM, 24 h). Our results revealed that MgSO4 enhanced LPS tolerance by downregulating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-induced tumor necrosis factor-α or interleukin-6, and upregulating cluster of differentiation 163 (a M2-associated marker). Furthermore, the LPS-triggered upregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) was significantly increased during LPS tolerance. MgSO4 activated PI3K, but inhibited NF-κB in LPS-stimulated cells. Notably, MgSO4 mitigated the signaling of both PI3K and NF-κB in LPS-tolerant cells, suggesting the effect of MgSO4 on LPS tolerance relies on the modulation of the crosstalk between PI3K and NF-κB. MgSO4 enhanced LSP tolerance, thus providing evidence for a novel underlying mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects of MgSO4.","PeriodicalId":55162,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Inflammation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48327841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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