Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.1017/S0080456800019530
Èlias Kolovos, Panagiotis Poulos
Essential hypertension is the most prevalent type of hypertension. It increases progressively with age. Aim of study: Was to assess the effect of relaxation technique "Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR)" in controlling anxiety among patients with essential hypertension. Design: A quasi-experimental study design was utilized. Setting: It was conducted on 40 patients with essential hypertension in the out-patient clinic of medical diseases Ain Shams University Hospital. Tools: 1) A Structured Interview Questionnaire (SIQ): That was designed by the researchers based on recent local and international related literatures and articles, it was include, the socio-demographic data of the studied sample which are; age, sex, marital status, etc., it was also include the medical history and duration of illness, body mass index, blood pressure control and previous attendance of any courses or programs regarding relaxation techniques. 2) Patient Knowledge Questionnaire (PKQ): It was developed by the researchers to assess patients' knowledge about relaxation techniques. 3) Taylor Anxiety Scale: It was designed by Janet Taylor (1953) to assess level of anxiety. Results: There are highly statistically significant differences were found between pre and post training of relaxation techniques regarding the relationship between' level of anxiety and total knowledge of the patients. Conclusion: The implementation of relaxation techniques had a positive effect on anxiety and blood pressure of patients with essential hypertension. Recommendation: Further research is required to study the effect of implementing the developed self-care guide on such a group of the hypertensive patients.
{"title":"Introduction","authors":"Èlias Kolovos, Panagiotis Poulos","doi":"10.1017/S0080456800019530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800019530","url":null,"abstract":"Essential hypertension is the most prevalent type of hypertension. It increases progressively with age. Aim of study: Was to assess the effect of relaxation technique \"Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR)\" in controlling anxiety among patients with essential hypertension. Design: A quasi-experimental study design was utilized. Setting: It was conducted on 40 patients with essential hypertension in the out-patient clinic of medical diseases Ain Shams University Hospital. Tools: 1) A Structured Interview Questionnaire (SIQ): That was designed by the researchers based on recent local and international related literatures and articles, it was include, the socio-demographic data of the studied sample which are; age, sex, marital status, etc., it was also include the medical history and duration of illness, body mass index, blood pressure control and previous attendance of any courses or programs regarding relaxation techniques. 2) Patient Knowledge Questionnaire (PKQ): It was developed by the researchers to assess patients' knowledge about relaxation techniques. 3) Taylor Anxiety Scale: It was designed by Janet Taylor (1953) to assess level of anxiety. Results: There are highly statistically significant differences were found between pre and post training of relaxation techniques regarding the relationship between' level of anxiety and total knowledge of the patients. Conclusion: The implementation of relaxation techniques had a positive effect on anxiety and blood pressure of patients with essential hypertension. Recommendation: Further research is required to study the effect of implementing the developed self-care guide on such a group of the hypertensive patients.","PeriodicalId":55171,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":"42 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0080456800019530","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46293189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.1017/S1755691021000372
N. Zverkov, D. V. Grigoriev, Andrzej S. Wolniewicz, A. G. Konstantinov, E. Sobolev
ABSTRACT The first ichthyosaurian specimens discovered from the Upper Triassic of the Russian Arctic (Kotelny Island, New Siberian Islands) are described herein. They include the remains of large- to small-bodied ichthyosaurians originating from six stratigraphic levels spanning the lower Carnian to middle Norian. The material is mostly represented by isolated vertebrae and ribs, which are not possible to accurately diagnose, but also includes specimens comprising associated vertebrae and a fragmentary skeleton that preserves cranial remains (parabasisphenoid, fragmentary quadrate, partial mandible and hyoids). Based on vertebral and rib morphology, we identify the specimens as representatives of the following taxonomic groups: large-bodied shastasaurids, medium-sized indeterminate ichthyosaurians with a single rib facet in the presacral centra, and small euichthyosaurians with double rib facets present throughout the presacral vertebrae that likely represent toretocnemids and/or basal parvipelvians. In addition, the cranial and mandibular remains preserved in one of the specimens, ZIN PH 5/250, were studied using micro-computed tomography. Its mandible is highly similar to that of toretocnemids, whereas the parabasisphenoid demonstrates a peculiar combination of both plesiomorphic and derived character states, providing the first detailed data on this cranial element in a Late Triassic ichthyosaurian. Furthermore, the specimen also demonstrates a distinctive condition of rib articulation in the anteriormost presacral (cervical) vertebrae, which together with other features allows for the erection of a new taxon – Auroroborealia incognita gen. et sp. nov. Although the phylogenetic position of this taxon is uncertain due to its fragmentary nature, its anatomy, indicating toretocnemid or parvipelvian affinities, further supports the previously hypothesised sister-group relationships between these two clades. The morphology of the parabasisphenoid and vertebral column of the new taxon is discussed in broader contexts of the patterns of evolution of these skeletal regions in ichthyosaurs.
本文描述了在俄罗斯北极地区(新西伯利亚群岛Kotelny岛)上三叠世发现的首批鱼龙类标本。它们包括来自下卡尼期到中诺里期六个地层层的大型到小型鱼龙类的遗骸。这些材料主要是孤立的椎骨和肋骨，这是不可能准确诊断的，但也包括包括相关椎骨和保留颅骨遗骸的碎片骨架的标本(副下棘骨、碎片方骨、部分下颌骨和舌骨)。根据椎体和肋骨形态，我们将这些标本确定为以下分类类群的代表:大型体沙龙，在骶前中央有单一肋突的中型不确定鱼龙，以及在整个骶前椎骨有双肋突的小型鱼龙，可能代表前椎体和/或基底骨盆。此外，使用显微计算机断层扫描研究了其中一个标本(ZIN PH 5/250)中保存的颅骨和下颌遗骸。它的下颌骨与toretonemids非常相似，而parabasisphenoid显示出一种特殊的半形和衍生特征状态的组合，为晚三叠世鱼龙的这种颅骨元素提供了第一个详细的数据。此外，该标本还表明，在最前面的前骶(颈椎)椎骨处有一种独特的肋骨关节状况，这与其他特征一起允许一个新的分类单元- Auroroborealia incognita gen. et sp. 11 .的形成。尽管由于其碎片性，该分类单元的系统发育位置尚不确定，但其解剖结构表明，该分类单元与前骨盆或小骨盆有亲缘关系。进一步支持了先前假设的这两个分支之间的姐妹群关系。在鱼龙这些骨骼区域的进化模式的更广泛背景下，讨论了新分类群的副棘骨和脊柱的形态。
{"title":"Ichthyosaurs from the Upper Triassic (Carnian–Norian) of the New Siberian Islands, Russian Arctic, and their implications for the evolution of the ichthyosaurian basicranium and vertebral column","authors":"N. Zverkov, D. V. Grigoriev, Andrzej S. Wolniewicz, A. G. Konstantinov, E. Sobolev","doi":"10.1017/S1755691021000372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691021000372","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The first ichthyosaurian specimens discovered from the Upper Triassic of the Russian Arctic (Kotelny Island, New Siberian Islands) are described herein. They include the remains of large- to small-bodied ichthyosaurians originating from six stratigraphic levels spanning the lower Carnian to middle Norian. The material is mostly represented by isolated vertebrae and ribs, which are not possible to accurately diagnose, but also includes specimens comprising associated vertebrae and a fragmentary skeleton that preserves cranial remains (parabasisphenoid, fragmentary quadrate, partial mandible and hyoids). Based on vertebral and rib morphology, we identify the specimens as representatives of the following taxonomic groups: large-bodied shastasaurids, medium-sized indeterminate ichthyosaurians with a single rib facet in the presacral centra, and small euichthyosaurians with double rib facets present throughout the presacral vertebrae that likely represent toretocnemids and/or basal parvipelvians. In addition, the cranial and mandibular remains preserved in one of the specimens, ZIN PH 5/250, were studied using micro-computed tomography. Its mandible is highly similar to that of toretocnemids, whereas the parabasisphenoid demonstrates a peculiar combination of both plesiomorphic and derived character states, providing the first detailed data on this cranial element in a Late Triassic ichthyosaurian. Furthermore, the specimen also demonstrates a distinctive condition of rib articulation in the anteriormost presacral (cervical) vertebrae, which together with other features allows for the erection of a new taxon – Auroroborealia incognita gen. et sp. nov. Although the phylogenetic position of this taxon is uncertain due to its fragmentary nature, its anatomy, indicating toretocnemid or parvipelvian affinities, further supports the previously hypothesised sister-group relationships between these two clades. The morphology of the parabasisphenoid and vertebral column of the new taxon is discussed in broader contexts of the patterns of evolution of these skeletal regions in ichthyosaurs.","PeriodicalId":55171,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":"113 1","pages":"51 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46919857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1017/S1755691021000360
Shûhei Yamamoto, A. Shavrin, K. Kairišs
ABSTRACT Phloeocharinae is a small and likely non-monophyletic subfamily of rove beetles. The enigmatic genus Charhyphus Sharp, 1887 has long been placed in Phloeocharinae, whereas recent studies have found it to be phylogenetically very distant from the core members of this subfamily, suggesting the possibility that it actually deserves its own separate subfamily status. So far, the sole definitive fossil record for Charhyphus is known based on a single male from Eocene Baltic amber as represented by †Charhyphus balticus Shavrin, 2020. Here, we describe and illustrate another new Charhyphus species, †Charhyphus serratus sp. nov. Yamamoto & Shavrin, from Baltic amber based on a well-preserved female fossil. Considering the general proportions of the body and the head, this new species is most similar to †C. balticus. The new species differs from all known species by the development of strong serration of the lateral edges of the pronotum and features of the shape of the apical margin of the mesoventrite. By using X-ray micro-computed tomography, we succeeded in visualising not only the general habitus but also each individual body part, recovering a previously undocumented sclerite on the female internal genital segments in the genus. Morphological features of extinct and extant species of Charhyphus are briefly discussed. Figures of all extant Charhyphus species and a key for the genus are also provided. Our study is important for considering possible higher palaeodiversity, more common occurrence, and palaeobiogeography of Charhyphus.
{"title":"A second fossil species of the enigmatic rove beetle genus Charhyphus in Eocene Baltic amber, with implications on the morphology of the female genitalia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Phloeocharinae)","authors":"Shûhei Yamamoto, A. Shavrin, K. Kairišs","doi":"10.1017/S1755691021000360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691021000360","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Phloeocharinae is a small and likely non-monophyletic subfamily of rove beetles. The enigmatic genus Charhyphus Sharp, 1887 has long been placed in Phloeocharinae, whereas recent studies have found it to be phylogenetically very distant from the core members of this subfamily, suggesting the possibility that it actually deserves its own separate subfamily status. So far, the sole definitive fossil record for Charhyphus is known based on a single male from Eocene Baltic amber as represented by †Charhyphus balticus Shavrin, 2020. Here, we describe and illustrate another new Charhyphus species, †Charhyphus serratus sp. nov. Yamamoto & Shavrin, from Baltic amber based on a well-preserved female fossil. Considering the general proportions of the body and the head, this new species is most similar to †C. balticus. The new species differs from all known species by the development of strong serration of the lateral edges of the pronotum and features of the shape of the apical margin of the mesoventrite. By using X-ray micro-computed tomography, we succeeded in visualising not only the general habitus but also each individual body part, recovering a previously undocumented sclerite on the female internal genital segments in the genus. Morphological features of extinct and extant species of Charhyphus are briefly discussed. Figures of all extant Charhyphus species and a key for the genus are also provided. Our study is important for considering possible higher palaeodiversity, more common occurrence, and palaeobiogeography of Charhyphus.","PeriodicalId":55171,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":"113 1","pages":"39 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45980233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-03DOI: 10.1017/S1755691021000402
M. Whittingham, A. Spiridonov, S. Radzevičius
ABSTRACT The monograptids from the Wenlock and Ludlow (mid- to late Silurian) of the palaeotropical Baltic Basin exhibit thickened ring structures (sicular annuli) over their initial phase of growth. Appearing before the lundgreni extinction event, they persisted throughout the remainder of the Silurian, fluctuating in number over that period. To better understand the mechanisms controlling their development and variation, counts of sicular annuli were taken from three well cores in Lithuania, compared between species in each sample and compared with contemporaneous gamma ray data, accompanied by the stable isotope (δ13C), and acritarch diversity data. Mean counts of annuli fluctuated greatly over the studied interval, but showed negligible variation between species, indicating that the trait is ecophenotypic. The fluctuation in annulus presence aligned with variations in fourth- and fifth-order cycles derived from the gamma ray trends, which represent significant sea level fluctuations, δ13C ratios, and primary productivity, suggesting that annuli were more plentiful in high-stand states which are associated with the wetter climate and more productive conditions, whereas dryer, less productive conditions were not conducive to annulus development. In light of this evidence, we hypothesise that the action of upwelling as a result of intensified storm events during wetter periods would have encouraged phytoplankton blooms, increasing construction of annuli. These results show the potential utility of sicular annuli in the study of Silurian climate change and give new insights into graptolite palaeoecology.
{"title":"Dynamic ecophenotypy in the Silurian Monograptidae (Graptolithina)","authors":"M. Whittingham, A. Spiridonov, S. Radzevičius","doi":"10.1017/S1755691021000402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691021000402","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The monograptids from the Wenlock and Ludlow (mid- to late Silurian) of the palaeotropical Baltic Basin exhibit thickened ring structures (sicular annuli) over their initial phase of growth. Appearing before the lundgreni extinction event, they persisted throughout the remainder of the Silurian, fluctuating in number over that period. To better understand the mechanisms controlling their development and variation, counts of sicular annuli were taken from three well cores in Lithuania, compared between species in each sample and compared with contemporaneous gamma ray data, accompanied by the stable isotope (δ13C), and acritarch diversity data. Mean counts of annuli fluctuated greatly over the studied interval, but showed negligible variation between species, indicating that the trait is ecophenotypic. The fluctuation in annulus presence aligned with variations in fourth- and fifth-order cycles derived from the gamma ray trends, which represent significant sea level fluctuations, δ13C ratios, and primary productivity, suggesting that annuli were more plentiful in high-stand states which are associated with the wetter climate and more productive conditions, whereas dryer, less productive conditions were not conducive to annulus development. In light of this evidence, we hypothesise that the action of upwelling as a result of intensified storm events during wetter periods would have encouraged phytoplankton blooms, increasing construction of annuli. These results show the potential utility of sicular annuli in the study of Silurian climate change and give new insights into graptolite palaeoecology.","PeriodicalId":55171,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":"113 1","pages":"29 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45464990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-03DOI: 10.1017/S1755691021000384
Javier González-Dionis, C. Castillo Ruiz, P. Cruzado-Caballero, Elena CADAVID-MELERO, V. Crespo
ABSTRACT Bats are one of the most abundant and important mammals in ecosystems. However, their fossil record is scarce and fragile, making them difficult to find. Accordingly, there is no record of this group in the volcanic islands of the mid-Atlantic Ocean apart from the Canary Islands. This paper studies the first bat fossil record of the Canary Islands (Spain). The material studied is found within two Quaternary lava tubes, Cueva de los Verdes on Lanzarote and Cueva Roja on the island of El Hierro. The dental and humeral morphology and biometry are analysed and compared with current specimens. Among our results we highlight the first fossil data of two species endemic to the islands of the mid-Atlantic Ocean, Plecotus teneriffae and Pipistrellus maderensis, the former from the Canary Islands and the latter from the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands. We also confirm the presence of Pipistrellus kuhlii in the fossil record of the island of Lanzarote. No differences are observed between the dental morphology of the current and the fossil populations of P. maderensis and Pl. teneriffae. In the case of P. kuhlii, the populations of the Canary Islands and the Iberian Peninsula show differences in the paraconule with respect to the populations from central Europe. Palaeoecological studies of these taxa suggest that these islands presented a similar habitat when the sites were formed to the present-day habitat.
蝙蝠是生态系统中数量最多、最重要的哺乳动物之一。然而，它们的化石记录既稀少又脆弱，很难找到。因此，除了加那利群岛以外，在大西洋中部的火山岛上没有这一群的记录。本文研究了西班牙加那利群岛的第一个蝙蝠化石记录。研究的材料是在兰萨罗特岛的Cueva de los Verdes和耶罗岛的Cueva Roja两个第四纪熔岩管中发现的。并与现有标本进行了牙、肱骨形态及生物计量学分析比较。在我们的研究结果中，我们强调了大西洋中部岛屿特有的两个物种的第一批化石数据，Plecotus teneriffae和Pipistrellus maderensis，前者来自加那利群岛，后者来自亚速尔群岛，马德拉群岛和加那利群岛。我们还在兰萨罗特岛的化石记录中证实了Pipistrellus kuhlii的存在。马德龙和马德龙的牙齿形态与化石种群没有差异。在库希利猿人的例子中，加那利群岛和伊比利亚半岛的种群与来自中欧的种群相比，在顶廓线上表现出差异。对这些分类群的古生态学研究表明，这些岛屿形成时的栖息地与现在的栖息地相似。
{"title":"First study of the bat fossil record of the mid-Atlantic volcanic islands","authors":"Javier González-Dionis, C. Castillo Ruiz, P. Cruzado-Caballero, Elena CADAVID-MELERO, V. Crespo","doi":"10.1017/S1755691021000384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691021000384","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bats are one of the most abundant and important mammals in ecosystems. However, their fossil record is scarce and fragile, making them difficult to find. Accordingly, there is no record of this group in the volcanic islands of the mid-Atlantic Ocean apart from the Canary Islands. This paper studies the first bat fossil record of the Canary Islands (Spain). The material studied is found within two Quaternary lava tubes, Cueva de los Verdes on Lanzarote and Cueva Roja on the island of El Hierro. The dental and humeral morphology and biometry are analysed and compared with current specimens. Among our results we highlight the first fossil data of two species endemic to the islands of the mid-Atlantic Ocean, Plecotus teneriffae and Pipistrellus maderensis, the former from the Canary Islands and the latter from the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands. We also confirm the presence of Pipistrellus kuhlii in the fossil record of the island of Lanzarote. No differences are observed between the dental morphology of the current and the fossil populations of P. maderensis and Pl. teneriffae. In the case of P. kuhlii, the populations of the Canary Islands and the Iberian Peninsula show differences in the paraconule with respect to the populations from central Europe. Palaeoecological studies of these taxa suggest that these islands presented a similar habitat when the sites were formed to the present-day habitat.","PeriodicalId":55171,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":"113 1","pages":"13 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44489689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.1017/S1755691021000311
Jing Li, Z. Yao, Hongbo Zhao, Ze-Guang Wang
ABSTRACT The gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) is the essential condition for gas hydrate accumulation, which is controlled by three main factors: gas component, geothermal gradient and permafrost thickness. Based on the gas component of hydrate samples from drilling in Muri coalfield, the gas hydrate phase equilibrium curve was calculated using Sloan's natural gas hydrate phase equilibrium procedure (CSMHYD) program. Through temperature data processing of coalfield boreholes, some important data such as thickness of permafrost and geothermal gradient were obtained. The GHSZ parameters of a single borehole were calculated by programming based on the above basic data. The average thickness of GHSZ of 85 boreholes in Muri coalfield amounted to approximately 1000 m, indicating very broad space for gas hydrate occurrence. The isogram of GHSZ bottom depth drawn from single borehole data in Muri coalfield demonstrated the regional distribution characteristics of GHSZ, and identified three favourable areas of gas hydrate occurrence where the bottom of GHSZ had a burial depth >1500 m – namely, the southern part of Juhugeng Mining Area, the middle part of Duosuogongma Mining Area and the eastern part of Xuehuoli Mining Area.
{"title":"Gas hydrate stability zone in Muri coalfield, Qinghai Province, China","authors":"Jing Li, Z. Yao, Hongbo Zhao, Ze-Guang Wang","doi":"10.1017/S1755691021000311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691021000311","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) is the essential condition for gas hydrate accumulation, which is controlled by three main factors: gas component, geothermal gradient and permafrost thickness. Based on the gas component of hydrate samples from drilling in Muri coalfield, the gas hydrate phase equilibrium curve was calculated using Sloan's natural gas hydrate phase equilibrium procedure (CSMHYD) program. Through temperature data processing of coalfield boreholes, some important data such as thickness of permafrost and geothermal gradient were obtained. The GHSZ parameters of a single borehole were calculated by programming based on the above basic data. The average thickness of GHSZ of 85 boreholes in Muri coalfield amounted to approximately 1000 m, indicating very broad space for gas hydrate occurrence. The isogram of GHSZ bottom depth drawn from single borehole data in Muri coalfield demonstrated the regional distribution characteristics of GHSZ, and identified three favourable areas of gas hydrate occurrence where the bottom of GHSZ had a burial depth >1500 m – namely, the southern part of Juhugeng Mining Area, the middle part of Duosuogongma Mining Area and the eastern part of Xuehuoli Mining Area.","PeriodicalId":55171,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":"113 1","pages":"7 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45258534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-09DOI: 10.1017/S175569102100030X
R. Bicknell, Lisa Amati
ABSTRACT Eurypterids (sea scorpions) are a group of extinct, marine euchelicerates that have an extensive Palaeozoic record. Despite lacking a biomineralised exoskeleton, eurypterids are abundantly preserved within select deposits. These collections make statistical analyses comparing the morphology of different genera possible. However, eurypterid shape has not yet been documented with modern geometric morphometric tools. Here, we summarise the previous statistical assessments of eurypterid morphology and expand this research by presenting landmark and semi-landmark analyses of 115 eurypterid specimens within the suborder Eurypterina. We illustrate that lateral compound eye morphology and position drives specimen placement in morphospace and separates proposed apex predators from more generalist forms. Additionally, evidence for size clusters in Eurypterus that may reflect ontogeny is uncovered. We highlight the use of geometric morphometric analyses in supporting the naming of new taxa and demonstrate that these shape data represent a novel means of understanding inter-generic ontogenetic trajectories and uncovering developmental changes within the diverse euarthropod group.
{"title":"On the morphospace of eurypterine sea scorpions","authors":"R. Bicknell, Lisa Amati","doi":"10.1017/S175569102100030X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S175569102100030X","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Eurypterids (sea scorpions) are a group of extinct, marine euchelicerates that have an extensive Palaeozoic record. Despite lacking a biomineralised exoskeleton, eurypterids are abundantly preserved within select deposits. These collections make statistical analyses comparing the morphology of different genera possible. However, eurypterid shape has not yet been documented with modern geometric morphometric tools. Here, we summarise the previous statistical assessments of eurypterid morphology and expand this research by presenting landmark and semi-landmark analyses of 115 eurypterid specimens within the suborder Eurypterina. We illustrate that lateral compound eye morphology and position drives specimen placement in morphospace and separates proposed apex predators from more generalist forms. Additionally, evidence for size clusters in Eurypterus that may reflect ontogeny is uncovered. We highlight the use of geometric morphometric analyses in supporting the naming of new taxa and demonstrate that these shape data represent a novel means of understanding inter-generic ontogenetic trajectories and uncovering developmental changes within the diverse euarthropod group.","PeriodicalId":55171,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":"113 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41443790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1017/S1755691021000323
K. Edwards
Source materials for investigating the life of James Croll are examined and collated. This is organised around the topics of: Croll's Autobiographical sketch and the Memoir of his life and work, both contained within the volume produced by James Campbell Irons; publications by Croll; aspects of his genealogy; manuscript sources in publicly accessible archives and in private ownership; and other published sources.
{"title":"In search of James Croll: archives, genealogy, publications and other resources","authors":"K. Edwards","doi":"10.1017/S1755691021000323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691021000323","url":null,"abstract":"Source materials for investigating the life of James Croll are examined and collated. This is organised around the topics of: Croll's Autobiographical sketch and the Memoir of his life and work, both contained within the volume produced by James Campbell Irons; publications by Croll; aspects of his genealogy; manuscript sources in publicly accessible archives and in private ownership; and other published sources.","PeriodicalId":55171,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48022004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1017/s1755691021000347
{"title":"TRE volume 112 issue 3-4 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s1755691021000347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755691021000347","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55171,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41833204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1017/s1755691021000335
K. Edwards
How did a man who grew up on a croft in Scotland, with little schooling, reach the pinnacle of 19 th century scienti fi c achievement as a climate change pioneer, become a correspondent of Darwin amongst others, and then almost disappear from general awareness? This volume addresses the life and work of one such remarkable person.
{"title":"James Croll – bicentenary and biography, from janitor to genius","authors":"K. Edwards","doi":"10.1017/s1755691021000335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755691021000335","url":null,"abstract":"How did a man who grew up on a croft in Scotland, with little schooling, reach the pinnacle of 19 th century scienti fi c achievement as a climate change pioneer, become a correspondent of Darwin amongst others, and then almost disappear from general awareness? This volume addresses the life and work of one such remarkable person.","PeriodicalId":55171,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48880881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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