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Enhancing Agency in Individuals with Depressive Symptoms: The Roles of Effort, Outcome Valence, and Its Underlying Cognitive Mechanisms and Neural Basis 增强抑郁症患者的代理能力:努力、结果价值及其潜在认知机制和神经基础的作用
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3135532
Jingyuan Lin, Xuemei Yang, Hong Li, Wuji Lin, Jie Zhang, Yi Lei

Background. Agency, a sense of control over one’s actions and outcomes, is crucial for recovery from depressive symptoms. However, the mechanisms that enhance agency in individuals with depressive symptoms remain poorly understood. This study endeavors to elucidate these fundamental processes. Materials and Methods. We recruited 52 participants exhibiting depressive symptoms to participate in a novel Judgment of Agency (JoA) task. This task was structured with a 3 (effort: high load, medium load, low load) × 2 (outcome: win, miss) within-subject design to assess the impact of effort and outcome valence on agency. Throughout the task, we utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to explore the neural mechanisms underlying agency. Furthermore, we conducted a randomized, sham-controlled, pre–post-test trial involving intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) targeted at the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to investigate its potential to enhance agency. Participants were randomly allocated to either an active iTBS group or a sham group, with each receiving a single session of stimulation (600 pulses). The JoA task was conducted both before and after the stimulation. Results. Effort significantly influenced agency in individuals with depressive symptoms, with this effect being moderated by the outcomes’ valences. Agency was positively correlated with self-efficacy (r = 0.28, P < 0.05) when goals were achieved with effort, and with anxiety severity (r = 0.29, P < 0.05) when goals were not achieved. Additionally, it was associated with the activation of several frontal brain regions (all P values < 0.01), including the left DLPFC, right premotor and supplementary motor areas, and the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Application of iTBS over the left DLPFC significantly enhanced self-attributed agency, particularly when the outcomes were achieved under conditions of low-load effort. Conclusions. Our study highlights the critical role of effort in enhancing agency for individuals with depressive symptoms, with iTBS applied to the left DLPFC showing potential to enhance agency postgoal achievement. Moreover, the activation of the left IFG and the presence of anxiety are associated with maladaptive self-attributed agency, offering potential targets for therapeutic intervention.

背景。代入感,即对自己的行为和结果的控制感,对于抑郁症状的康复至关重要。然而,人们对增强抑郁症患者代理感的机制仍然知之甚少。本研究试图阐明这些基本过程。材料与方法。我们招募了 52 名有抑郁症状的参与者参与一项新颖的 "代理判断"(JoA)任务。该任务采用 3(努力:高负荷、中负荷、低负荷)×2(结果:赢、输)的受试者内设计,以评估努力和结果情绪对代理的影响。在整个任务过程中,我们利用功能性近红外光谱(fNIRS)来探索代理的神经机制。此外,我们还针对左侧背外侧前额叶皮层(DLPFC)进行了一项随机、假对照、前-后测试试验,其中包括间歇性θ-脉冲刺激(iTBS),以研究其增强代理的潜力。参与者被随机分配到主动 iTBS 组或假刺激组,每组接受一次刺激(600 个脉冲)。JoA任务在刺激前后进行。结果显示努力对有抑郁症状的人的代入感有明显的影响,这种影响受结果价值的调节。当通过努力实现目标时,代理与自我效能感呈正相关(r = 0.28,P < 0.05);当未实现目标时,代理与焦虑严重程度呈正相关(r = 0.29,P < 0.05)。此外,它还与多个额叶脑区的激活有关(所有 P 值均为 0.01),包括左侧 DLPFC、右侧运动前区和辅助运动区以及左侧额叶下回(IFG)。在左侧DLPFC上应用iTBS能显著增强自我归因代理能力,尤其是在低负荷努力条件下取得的结果。结论我们的研究强调了努力在增强抑郁症患者的代理能力中的关键作用,在左侧DLPFC应用iTBS显示出了在实现目标后增强代理能力的潜力。此外,左侧 IFG 的激活和焦虑的存在与适应不良的自我归因代理有关,为治疗干预提供了潜在的目标。
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引用次数: 0
Can an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Smartphone App Help Individuals with Mental Health Disorders Quit Smoking? 基于接受与承诺疗法的智能手机应用程序能否帮助精神疾病患者戒烟?
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1055801
Margarita Santiago-Torres, Kristin E. Mull, Brianna M. Sullivan, Judith J. Prochaska, Michael J. Zvolensky, Jonathan B. Bricker

Background. Individuals with mental health disorders face major barriers in accessing smoking cessation care, often due to the stigmas associated with mental disorders and addiction. Consequently, accessible population-based smoking cessation interventions are needed for this vulnerable group. Objective. This secondary analysis utilized data from a 12-month randomized trial to examine whether an acceptance and commitment therapy-based app (iCanQuit) demonstrated greater efficacy, engagement, and satisfaction compared to a United States (US) Clinical Practice Guidelines-based app (QuitGuide) in helping adults with mental health disorders quit smoking. Materials and Methods. Participants self-reported having bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, or screened positive for depression, generalized anxiety, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, or social anxiety. We compared the primary outcome of self-reported 30-day cigarette abstinence at 12 months between iCanQuit (n = 770) and QuitGuide (n = 785) using complete-case and multiple imputation analyses and compared engagement and satisfaction between arms. Mediation analyses were conducted to examine whether the intervention apps functioned by reinforcing hypothesized mechanisms of action, namely, acceptance of triggers to smoke and through app engagement. Results. Participants represented all 50 US states and had 30.2% non-White or Hispanic backgrounds. Among participants with any mental health disorder, iCanQuit demonstrated higher 30-day cigarette abstinence than QuitGuide at 12 months (complete-case: 24.4% vs. 20.4%, P = 0.04; multiple imputation: 24.6% vs. 20.4%, P = 0.04). A comparable effect size was observed in iCanQuit participants with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia compared to QuitGuide, albeit not statistically significant (multiple imputation: 27.1% vs. 20.9%; P = 0.06). iCanQuit’s cessation efficacy was mediated by acceptance of emotions triggering smoking (P < 0.001) and app engagement (P < 0.001). iCanQuit was more satisfying than QuitGuide (88.5% vs. 77.2%; P < 0.001). Conclusions. In the largest known study of ACT for smoking cessation among adults with mental health disorders, the smoking cessation, engagement, and satisfaction outcomes were all significantly greater with iCanQuit than QuitGuide. Acceptance of emotions triggering smoking and iCanQuit app engagement were important mechanisms of efficacy. This trial is registered with NCT02724462.

背景。精神障碍患者在获得戒烟治疗方面面临着巨大障碍,这通常是由于精神障碍和成瘾所带来的耻辱感所致。因此,需要为这一弱势群体提供基于人群的无障碍戒烟干预。目标。这项二次分析利用了一项为期 12 个月的随机试验的数据,以研究与基于美国临床实践指南的应用程序(QuitGuide)相比,基于接受和承诺疗法的应用程序(iCanQuit)在帮助患有精神障碍的成年人戒烟方面是否表现出更高的有效性、参与度和满意度。材料与方法。参与者自述患有双相情感障碍或精神分裂症,或筛查出抑郁症、广泛性焦虑症、恐慌症、创伤后应激障碍或社交焦虑症。我们使用完整病例分析和多重归因分析比较了 iCanQuit(n = 770)和 QuitGuide(n = 785)两种戒烟方法在 12 个月内自我报告的 30 天戒烟率这一主要结果,并比较了两种戒烟方法的参与度和满意度。我们还进行了中介分析,以研究干预应用程序是否通过强化假设的作用机制(即接受吸烟诱因和通过应用程序参与)来发挥作用。结果。参与者来自美国 50 个州,30.2% 为非白人或西班牙裔。在患有任何精神疾病的参与者中,iCanQuit 在 12 个月内的 30 天戒烟率高于 QuitGuide(完整案例:24.4% 对 20.4%,P = 0.04;多重估算:24.6% 对 20.4%,P = 0.04)。与 QuitGuide 相比,在患有双相情感障碍或精神分裂症的 iCanQuit 参与者中观察到了类似的效果,尽管在统计学上并不显著(多重估算:27.1% vs. 20.9%;P = 0.06)。iCanQuit的戒烟效果受接受引发吸烟的情绪(P <0.001)和应用程序参与度(P <0.001)的影响。iCanQuit比QuitGuide更令人满意(88.5% vs. 77.2%; P <0.001)。结论。在已知规模最大的针对有心理健康障碍的成年人的戒烟 ACT 研究中,iCanQuit 的戒烟率、参与度和满意度都明显高于 QuitGuide。接受引发吸烟的情绪和 iCanQuit 应用程序的参与度是重要的疗效机制。该试验已在 NCT02724462 上注册。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting Depression, Anxiety, and Their Comorbidity among Patients with Breast Cancer in China Using Machine Learning: A Multisite Cross-Sectional Study 利用机器学习预测中国乳腺癌患者的抑郁、焦虑及其合并症:多站点横断面研究
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3923160
Shu Li, Jing Shi, Chunyu Shao, Kristin K. Sznajder, Hui Wu, Xiaoshi Yang

Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent among patients with breast cancer. We tested the capacity of personal resources (psychological resilience, social support, and process of recovery) for predicting depression, anxiety, and comorbid depression and anxiety (CDA) among such patients using machine learning (ML). We conducted a cross-sectional survey in Liaoning Province, China, including questions about demographics, COVID-19s impact, and personal resources (707 valid responses). In the training set, we used Lasso logistic regression to establish personal resource models. Subsequently, we used six ML methods and a tenfold cross-validation strategy to establish models combining personal resources, demographics, and COVID-19 impacts. Findings indicate that in total, 21.9%, 35.1%, and 14.7% of participants showed depression, anxiety, and CDA, respectively. Loneliness, vitality, mental health, bodily pain, and self-control predicted depression, anxiety, and CDA. Furthermore, general health predicted depression, and physical function predicted anxiety. Demographic and COVID-19 models were far less predictive than personal resource models (0.505–0.629 vs. 0.826–0.869). Among combined models, the support vector machine model achieved the best prediction (AUC: 0.832–0.873), which was slightly better than the personal resource models. Personal resources features with ML and personal resources can help predict depression, anxiety, and CDA in patients with breast cancer. Accordingly, interventions should target loneliness, bodily pain, vitality, mental health, and self-control.

抑郁和焦虑在乳腺癌患者中非常普遍。我们利用机器学习(ML)测试了个人资源(心理复原力、社会支持和康复过程)预测此类患者抑郁、焦虑以及合并抑郁和焦虑(CDA)的能力。我们在中国辽宁省进行了一项横断面调查,包括人口统计学、COVID-19 的影响和个人资源等问题(707 个有效回答)。在训练集中,我们使用拉索逻辑回归建立了个人资源模型。随后,我们使用六种 ML 方法和十倍交叉验证策略建立了个人资源、人口统计学和 COVID-19 影响的综合模型。研究结果表明,分别有 21.9%、35.1% 和 14.7% 的参与者表现出抑郁、焦虑和 CDA。孤独感、活力、心理健康、身体疼痛和自控力可预测抑郁、焦虑和 CDA。此外,一般健康状况可预测抑郁,身体机能可预测焦虑。人口统计学模型和 COVID-19 模型的预测性远远低于个人资源模型(0.505-0.629 vs. 0.826-0.869)。在组合模型中,支持向量机模型的预测效果最好(AUC:0.832-0.873),略优于个人资源模型。带有 ML 和个人资源的个人资源特征有助于预测乳腺癌患者的抑郁、焦虑和 CDA。因此,干预措施应针对孤独感、身体疼痛、活力、心理健康和自我控制。
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引用次数: 0
Shared and Unique Genetic Links between Neuroticism and Gastrointestinal Tract Diseases 神经质与胃肠道疾病之间共同和独特的遗传联系
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5515448
Ye Tian, Jing Zi, Yifan Hu, Yaxian Zeng, Haoqi Li, Hang Luo, Jingyuan Xiong

Objective. Association between neuroticism and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases may not be attributable to the genetic overlaps between neuroticism and psychiatric disorders. We aim to explore the genetic links and mechanisms of neuroticism and GIT diseases. Materials and Methods. We obtained European genome-wide association data of neuroticism (n = 390,278) or subclusters (depressed, n = 357,957; worry, n = 348,219) and six GIT diseases: gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD, n = 456,327), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, n = 456,327), peptic ulcer disease (PUD, n = 456,327), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS, n = 486,601), Crohn’s disease (CD, n = 20,883), and ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 21,895). We performed genetic correlation analysis (high-definition likelihood method and cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regression), pairwise pleiotropic analysis, single nucleic acid polymorphism annotation, Bayesian colocalization, gene-level analysis, transcriptome-wide association analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis. Results. Neuroticism and its subclusters are associated with most GIT diseases (15 of 18 trait-pairs). GERD and PUD were highly correlated with depressed affect. We identified pleiotropic loci 11q23.2 (mapped gene: NCAM1/DRD2) and 18q12.2 (mapped gene: CELF4) in neuroticism and IBS/GERD, supporting the genetic overlap between neuroticism and depression. We found that 16q12.1 (mapped gene: NKD1/ZNF423/NOD2) and 2q37.1 (mapped gene: ATG16L1/SP140) are only highlighted in depressed/neuroticism CD, revealing pleiotropic loci with dissimilarities between neuroticism and different GIT diseases. MR analysis suggested that genetic liability to neuroticism is associated with increased risks of IBS, PUD, and GERD. Conclusion. Our findings document the genetic links between neuroticism and six GIT diseases, highlighting the genetic overlaps and heterogeneity between neuroticism and psychiatric disorders in the context of gastrointestinal disorders. Both the shared and unique pleiotropic loci identified between neuroticism and different GIT diseases could facilitate mechanistic understandings and may stimulate further translational implications.

目的。神经质与胃肠道疾病之间的关联可能不是因为神经质与精神疾病在遗传学上的重叠。我们旨在探索神经质与胃肠道疾病的遗传联系和机制。材料与方法。我们获得了欧洲神经质(n = 390,278 人)或亚群(抑郁,n = 357,957 人;忧虑,n = 348,219 人)与六种 GIT 疾病的全基因组关联数据:胃食管反流病(GERD,n = 456 327)、炎症性肠病(IBD,n = 456 327)、消化性溃疡病(PUD,n = 456 327)、肠易激综合征(IBS,n = 486 601)、克罗恩病(CD,n = 20 883)和溃疡性结肠炎(UC,n = 21 895)。我们进行了遗传相关性分析(高清晰度似然法和交叉性状连锁不平衡评分回归)、配对多态性分析、单核酸多态性注释、贝叶斯共定位、基因水平分析、全转录组关联分析和基因组富集分析。研究结果神经质及其亚群与大多数胃肠道疾病相关(18 个性状对中的 15 个)。胃食管反流病和 PUD 与抑郁情绪高度相关。我们在神经质和肠易激综合征/胃食管反流病中发现了多效应位点 11q23.2(映射基因:NCAM1/DRD2)和 18q12.2(映射基因:CELF4),支持了神经质和抑郁之间的遗传重叠。我们发现,16q12.1(映射基因:NKD1/ZNF423/NOD2)和 2q37.1(映射基因:ATG16L1/SP140)仅在抑郁/神经质 CD 中突出显示,揭示了神经质与不同 GIT 疾病之间具有相似性的多效应位点。磁共振分析表明,神经质的遗传易感性与肠易激综合征、PUD 和胃食管反流病的风险增加有关。结论。我们的研究结果证明了神经质与六种胃肠道疾病之间的遗传联系,突出了神经质与精神疾病在胃肠道疾病方面的遗传重叠性和异质性。在神经质与不同胃肠道疾病之间发现的共同和独特的多效基因位点有助于从机理上理解这些疾病,并可能激发进一步的转化意义。
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引用次数: 0
What Does It Take to Make an Incel: The Role of Paranoid Thinking, Depression, Anxiety, and Attachment Patterns 怎样才能成为乱伦者?偏执思维、抑郁、焦虑和依恋模式的作用
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5512878
Lilybeth Fontanesi, Daniela Marchetti, Giulia Cosi, Erika Limoncin, Emmanuele A. Jannini, Maria Cristina Verrocchio, Giacomo Ciocca

Background. The term “incel” (involuntary celibate) refers to the members of an online subculture, mainly composed of heterosexual men. These individuals find it difficult or impossible to have a romantic and/or sexual partner, and they express extreme anger and resentment toward women, as they hold them accountable for their “inceldom.” In recent years, online and offline acts of violence have been perpetrated by incels, raising concern at social and political levels. This study aims to understand the personal, psychological, and psychopathological variables that may contribute to developing incel traits. Materials and Methods. A total of 800 Italian heterosexual cisgender men were recruited by a link to the survey forwarded on social networks. Participants have completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and a set of psychometric tests to assess incels’ personality traits, attachment patterns, paranoia, anxiety, and depression. Results. Positive correlations among incel personality traits and psychopathological symptoms and insecure attachment were found. Hierarchical regression analysis showed the significant role of paranoid thinking, insecure attachment, depression, and anxiety symptoms in the presence of incels’ personality traits. Conclusion. Therefore, the assessment of these psychopathological aspects could help clinicians, parents, and teachers to early identify young males that can be caught in the inceldom and to develop specific intervention programs to prevent violence.

背景。非自愿独身者"(incel)一词是指一种网络亚文化的成员,主要由异性恋男性组成。这些人认为很难或不可能有恋爱和/或性伴侣,他们对女性表示极度的愤怒和怨恨,因为他们认为女性要对他们的 "不忠 "负责。近年来,"乱伦者 "在网上和网下实施的暴力行为引起了社会和政治层面的关注。本研究旨在了解可能导致 "乱伦者 "特质形成的个人、心理和精神病理学变量。材料与方法。通过在社交网络上转发调查链接,共招募了 800 名意大利同性异性恋男性。参与者完成了一份社会人口调查问卷和一套心理测试,以评估乱伦者的人格特质、依恋模式、偏执、焦虑和抑郁。研究结果结果发现,不伦教徒的人格特质与精神病理症状和不安全依恋之间存在正相关。分层回归分析表明,妄想症、不安全依恋、抑郁和焦虑症状在乱伦者的人格特质中起着重要作用。结论因此,对这些心理病理学方面的评估有助于临床医生、家长和教师及早发现可能陷入不伦恋的年轻男性,并制定具体的干预方案来预防暴力。
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引用次数: 0
The Effects of Various Types of Physical Exercise on Health Outcomes in Older Adults with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials 各种体育锻炼对患有抑郁症的老年人健康结果的影响:对照试验的系统回顾和元分析
IF 7.4 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9363464
Samaher Alowaydhah, Ishanka Weerasekara, Sarah Walmsley, Jodie Marquez

Background and Purpose. The number of older adults and the occurrence of concomitant health issues continue to grow. One of the most prevalent mental health issues in this population is depression. Physical exercise (PE) is widely acknowledged as a method to alleviate the associated health burdens of aging, including depression; however, there is no collated evidence regarding the effectiveness of specific types of exercise on a range of health outcomes. To address this, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate exercise benefits for this specific subgroup. Methods. An electronic search of five databases was used to retrieve controlled studies investigating health-related outcomes associated with any type of PE, in adults over 65 years with depression. Where possible, data were analyzed in meta-analyses or else reported narratively. Results and Discussion. Fifteen studies were included in the review. All 15 studies had data available for meta-analysis, yet heterogeneity in exercise types and outcome measures limited synthesis. When data for all types of exercise were pooled together, significant improvements were found in depression (SMD = 0.52; CI = 0.07, 0.97; p = 0.02), physical health and function (SMD = 0.44, CI = 0.14, 0.74; p = 0.004), anxiety (SMD = 0.23; CI = 0.04, 0.42; p = 0.02), and self-efficacy (SMD = 0.97; CI = 0.32, 1.61; p = 0.003). When data were pooled according to exercise type, positive effects were demonstrated for aerobic exercise on depression (SMD = 0.49; CI = −0.16, 0.8; p = 0.003), tai chi/qigong on depression (SMD = 0.89; CI = −0.14, 1.63; p = 0.02), and self-efficacy (SMD = 6.70; CI = −0.90, 12.50; p = 0.02) and multicomponent exercise demonstrated positive effects on physical function (SMD = 0.49; CI = 0.12, 0.87; p = 0.009) and the physical health component of quality of life (SMD = 0.88; CI = 0.10, 1.65; p = 0.03). No health-related benefits were revealed from the combined findings of the two studies investigating strengthening exercises. Conclusion. Lack of consistency regarding exercise types, dosage, and outcomes presents challenges in the evidence. In general, exercise is beneficial across a range of health-related variables. Multicomponent, aerobic, and tai chi forms of exercise appear most likely to reap benefits in depressed older adults; however, the type of benefit is determined by the type of exercise and should be considered when recommending a regime. This trial is registered with CRD42020173465.

背景和目的。老年人的数量和伴随的健康问题不断增加。在这一人群中,最普遍的心理健康问题之一就是抑郁症。人们普遍认为体育锻炼(PE)是减轻包括抑郁症在内的老龄化带来的相关健康负担的一种方法;然而,关于特定类型的锻炼对一系列健康结果的有效性,目前还没有经过整理的证据。针对这一问题,我们进行了一项系统性研究,以评估运动对这一特定亚群体的益处。研究方法我们使用电子方式搜索了五个数据库,检索了针对 65 岁以上患有抑郁症的成年人进行的对照研究,这些研究调查了与任何类型的体育锻炼相关的健康结果。在可能的情况下,对数据进行了荟萃分析或其他叙述性报告。结果与讨论。15 项研究被纳入综述。所有 15 项研究都有数据可供进行荟萃分析,但运动类型和结果测量的异质性限制了荟萃分析的进行。将所有运动类型的数据汇总后发现,抑郁(SMD = 0.52;CI = 0.07,0.97;P = 0.02)、身体健康和功能(SMD = 0.44,CI = 0.14,0.74;P = 0.004)、焦虑(SMD = 0.23;CI = 0.04,0.42;P = 0.02)和自我效能(SMD = 0.97;CI = 0.32,1.61;P = 0.003)均有显著改善。当根据运动类型汇总数据时,有氧运动对抑郁(SMD = 0.49;CI = -0.16,0.8;P = 0.003)、太极拳/气功对抑郁(SMD = 0.89;CI = -0.14,1.63;P = 0.02)和自我效能(SMD = 6.70; CI = -0.90, 12.50; p = 0.02)和多组分运动对身体功能(SMD = 0.49; CI = 0.12, 0.87; p = 0.009)和生活质量的身体健康部分(SMD = 0.88; CI = 0.10, 1.65; p = 0.03)有积极影响。两项加强锻炼研究的综合结果均未显示出与健康相关的益处。结论运动类型、剂量和结果缺乏一致性,这给证据带来了挑战。总的来说,运动对一系列健康相关变量都有益处。多成分运动、有氧运动和太极拳似乎最有可能使抑郁的老年人受益;但是,受益的类型取决于运动的类型,在推荐运动方式时应加以考虑。本试验的注册号为 CRD42020173465。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Healthcare Workers regarding Depression Care in Two Medium-Sized Hospitals in Kenya 肯尼亚两家中型医院医护人员对抑郁症护理的认识、态度和做法
IF 7.4 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4756962
Millicent Muthoni Muriuki, Peterson Mwangi, Ezra Kombo Osoro, Miriam Miima

Introduction. Depression is the most common mental health disorder worldwide with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 10% in the general population. Our objective was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices among healthcare workers (HCWs) regarding depression care. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study among consenting healthcare workers in two medium-sized hospitals in Kenya. Data on demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice of depression were collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire. The Revised Depression Attitude Questionnaire was incorporated into the questionnaire. Knowledge and attitude scores were computed, where higher scores suggested higher knowledge or more positive attitudes. Descriptive and regression analyses were used to assess associations, and a p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results. Among the 316 HCWs approached, 303 (95.9%) consented and were enrolled. Almost two-thirds (64.0%) of the respondents were female, and 58.4% were between 18 and 29 years old. HCWs were categorised into three: nurses, clinicians (doctors/clinical officers), and nonclinicians (other healthcare workers). The median knowledge score among respondents was 9 out of 10. Nonclinicians scored significantly lower (β = −0.5, p < 0.011) on the knowledge score compared to clinicians. Only 9.3% of the respondents strongly agreed or agreed that they were confident in assessing the risk of suicide in patients with depression. The median attitude score among respondents was 65 out of 110. The attitude score was positively associated with the knowledge score (β = 0.78, p = 0.001), and respondents with professional experience of 5-14 years had higher attitude scores compared (β = 1.7, p = 0.023) to those with fewer than 5 years. Among clinicians and nurses, 40.3% reported that they rarely or have never been screened for depression. Conclusions. HCWs demonstrated good knowledge of depression’s symptoms and causes but lacked confidence in pharmacological management, with gaps in regular screening and comprehensive care practices, particularly among nonclinicians and less experienced staff. Focused training for these groups could enhance the early detection and treatment of depressed patients.

简介抑郁症是全球最常见的精神疾病,在普通人群中的终生患病率约为 10%。我们的目的是评估医护人员(HCWs)在抑郁症护理方面的知识、态度和实践。研究方法我们对肯尼亚两家中型医院中征得同意的医护人员进行了横断面研究。通过自填式结构化问卷收集了有关抑郁症的人口统计学特征、知识、态度和实践的数据。问卷中加入了修订版抑郁症态度问卷。计算了知识和态度得分,得分越高,表明知识越丰富或态度越积极。使用描述性分析和回归分析来评估相关性,P 值在 0.05 以下为显著。结果。在接触的 316 名医护人员中,有 303 人(95.9%)同意并加入了调查。近三分之二(64.0%)的受访者为女性,58.4%的受访者年龄在 18-29 岁之间。医护人员分为三类:护士、临床医生(医生/临床官员)和非临床医生(其他医护人员)。受访者的知识得分中位数为 9 分(满分 10 分)。与临床医生相比,非临床医生的知识得分明显较低(β = -0.5,p < 0.011)。只有 9.3% 的受访者非常同意或同意他们有信心评估抑郁症患者的自杀风险。受访者态度得分的中位数为 65 分(满分 110 分)。态度得分与知识得分呈正相关(β = 0.78,p = 0.001),与工作年限少于 5 年的受访者相比,工作年限在 5-14 年的受访者的态度得分更高(β = 1.7,p = 0.023)。在临床医生和护士中,40.3%的人表示很少或从未接受过抑郁症筛查。结论医护人员对抑郁症的症状和病因有很好的了解,但对药物治疗缺乏信心,在定期筛查和综合护理实践方面存在差距,尤其是非临床医生和经验较少的医护人员。对这些群体进行有针对性的培训可以加强对抑郁症患者的早期发现和治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Allostatic Load and Metabolic Syndrome in Depressed Patients: A Cross-Sectional Analysis 抑郁症患者的代谢负荷和代谢综合征:横断面分析
IF 7.4 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1355340
Francis Osei, Pia-Maria Wippert, Andrea Block

Allostatic load (AL) is the cumulative wear and tear on the body due to the chronic adverse physical or psychosocial situations. The acute stress response activates the primary mediators of AL, which include cortisol, epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine (NE), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S). Secondary outcomes, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiovascular, and immune system changes, can result from long-term stress responses. Given these complex reactions to an acute stressor, a multidimensional stress assessment is required when investigating individual stress reactivity in an experimental setting. This study is aimed at examining the association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. MDD patients (n = 164, age = 18–65 years old) with MetS+ (n = 46, weight = 93.10 ± 16.43 kg) and without MetS- (n = 118, weight = 73.08 ± 15.22 kg) were analyzed cross-sectionally. Stepwise binary regression and Welch’s t-test were used to find the associations and differences between the two groups. The regression analysis was fully adjusted for age, sex, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II score. In unadjusted model, cortisol (b = −0.003, p = 0.034) was inversely associated with MetS. In fully adjusted model, EPI (b = −0.006, p = 0.007) was inversely associated with MetS. However, significant differences (p = 0.005) were observed for cortisol between MDD patients without MetS- (410.13 ± 144.63 nmol/l) and MDD patients with MetS+ (340.90 ± 132.98 nmol/l) with a small effect size (Cohen’s d of 0.489). Significant differences (p = 0.001) were observed for EPI between MDD patients without MetS- (185.67 ± 124.44 pg/ml) and MDD patients with MetS+ (124.95 ± 84.38 pg/ml) with a moderate effect size (Cohen’s d of 0.530). These observations are of clinical importance for the management of MDD patients.

静态负荷(Allostatic load,AL)是指长期不良的生理或社会心理状况对身体造成的累积性磨损。急性应激反应会激活 AL 的主要介质,包括皮质醇、肾上腺素(EPI)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)和硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEA-S)。长期应激反应可导致代谢综合征(MetS)、心血管和免疫系统变化等次要结果。鉴于对急性应激源的这些复杂反应,在实验环境中调查个体应激反应时需要进行多维度的应激评估。本研究旨在探讨重度抑郁症(MDD)患者体内 AL 的主要介质与 MetS 之间的关联。研究人员对患有 MetS+(46 人,体重为 93.10 ± 16.43 千克)和未患有 MetS-(118 人,体重为 73.08 ± 15.22 千克)的 MDD 患者(164 人,年龄为 18-65 岁)进行了横截面分析。采用逐步二元回归和韦尔奇 t 检验来发现两组之间的关联和差异。回归分析对年龄、性别和贝克抑郁量表-II 评分进行了充分调整。在未经调整的模型中,皮质醇(b = -0.003,p = 0.034)与 MetS 呈反向关系。在完全调整模型中,EPI(b = -0.006,p = 0.007)与 MetS 成反比。然而,在皮质醇方面,未患 MetS- 的 MDD 患者(410.13 ± 144.63 nmol/l)和患 MetS+ 的 MDD 患者(340.90 ± 132.98 nmol/l)之间存在明显差异(p = 0.005),但影响较小(Cohen's d 为 0.489)。未患 MetS- 的 MDD 患者(185.67 ± 124.44 pg/ml)和患 MetS+ 的 MDD 患者(124.95 ± 84.38 pg/ml)之间的 EPI 存在显著差异(p = 0.001),效应大小适中(Cohen's d 为 0.530)。这些观察结果对 MDD 患者的管理具有重要的临床意义。
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引用次数: 0
Young Adults with Anxiety Disorders Show Reduced Inhibition in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex at Higher Trait Anxiety Levels: A TMS-EEG Study 患有焦虑症的年轻成年人在特质焦虑水平较高时,背外侧前额叶皮层的抑制作用会减弱:TMS-EEG研究
IF 7.4 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2758522
Lena Pokorny, Lea Biermann, Eva Breitinger, Tomasz Antoni Jarczok, Daniel Wagner, Jasper Vöckel, Stephan Bender

Background. The neuropathology of anxiety disorders, including specific phobias, social phobias, and generalized anxiety disorders (GAD), has been believed to be rooted in a reduced inhibition of limbic areas by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Trait anxiety has been linked to insufficient recruitment of DLPFC mechanisms for attentional control. Despite limited research on individuals with anxiety disorders, our study utilized transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess DLPFC cortical activity and emotional states using the N100 as an indicator of GABA-B-mediated cortical inhibition. Additionally, we aimed to correlate trait anxiety scores with cortical activity. Methods. A total of 20 subjects with social phobia and GAD and 21 subjects with specific phobia were compared to 24 control subjects regarding their inhibitory N100 in the DLPFC. Therefore, TMS was applied on the left and right DLPFC during an emotional task with fearful, angry, and neutral faces and a rest condition. Results. Smaller N100 amplitudes after DLPFC stimulation were found in subjects with social phobia, GAD, and social phobias compared to the control group. Furthermore, a correlation between trait anxiety scores and smaller N100 amplitudes, independent of group effects, was found. Conclusion. There appears to be a decrease in GABA-B-mediated cortical inhibition in the DLPFC in subjects with anxiety disorders. The correlation between trait anxiety and N100 amplitudes suggests a trait-related modulation of cortical inhibition.

背景。焦虑症(包括特异性恐惧症、社交恐惧症和广泛性焦虑症(GAD))的神经病理学根源被认为是背外侧前额叶皮层(DLPFC)对边缘区的抑制作用减弱。特质性焦虑与 DLPFC 的注意控制机制招募不足有关。尽管对焦虑症患者的研究有限,但我们的研究利用经颅磁刺激来评估 DLPFC 皮层的活动和情绪状态,使用 N100 作为 GABA-B 介导的皮质抑制指标。此外,我们还旨在将特质焦虑评分与皮质活动相关联。研究方法我们将 20 名社交恐惧症和 GAD 受试者以及 21 名特殊恐惧症受试者与 24 名对照组受试者的 DLPFC 抑制性 N100 进行了比较。因此,在完成一项包含恐惧、愤怒和中性面孔的情绪任务以及休息状态时,对左右DLPFC施加TMS。结果显示与对照组相比,社交恐惧症、GAD和社交恐惧症患者在刺激DLPFC后的N100振幅较小。此外,还发现特质焦虑评分与较小的 N100 波幅之间存在相关性,这与群体效应无关。结论在焦虑症患者的 DLPFC 中,GABA-B 介导的皮质抑制似乎有所下降。特质焦虑与 N100 波幅之间的相关性表明,皮质抑制作用的调节与特质有关。
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引用次数: 0
Suicide among Reproductive-Age Women in Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study 埃塞俄比亚西北部育龄妇女中的自杀现象:基于社区的横断面研究
IF 7.4 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1735716
Techilo Tinsae, Biruk Fanta Alemayehu, Wondale Getinet Alemu

Background. Suicide is one of the global burdens of morbidity and mortality in all reproductive-age women population groups across the world. It is one of the most significant contributors to the global burden of illness and a cause of morbidity. This study is aimed at finding out how it occurred and what risk factors were related to suicidal ideation and attempts among women in the reproductive-age group. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted using a multistage cluster sampling technique to get a total of 590 study participants from March to April 2021. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed in bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Variables with a p value <0.05 were declared to be associated risk factors with the outcome variable. Results. A total of 590 of the 598 sampled women participated, with a response rate of 98.7%. A one-month prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt was 2.9% (95% CI: 1.5%, 4.4%) and 2.5% (95% CI: 1.4%, 3.7%), respectively. Intimate partner violence (AOR = 4.69, 95% CI: 1.53, 14.45), depression (AOR = 3.11, 95% CI: 1.11, 9.85), and history of mental illness (AOR = 5.18, 95% CI: 1.55, 17.32) were associated risk factors for suicide ideation. Anxiety (AOR = 3.55, 95% CI: 1.17, 10.81), being unmarried (AOR = 4.39, 95% CI: 1.49, 12.87), and history of mental illness (AOR = 7.95, 95% CI: 2.42, 26.15) were associated risk factors for suicide attempts. Conclusion. SI and SA are prevalent in reproductive-age women. Intimate partner violence, depression, anxiety, a history of mental illness, and being single were associated factors. This implies that providing relevant information, education, and continuing support is very crucial for reproductive-age group women to decrease the incidence and risk factors of suicide.

背景。自杀是造成全球所有育龄妇女群体发病和死亡的负担之一。它是造成全球疾病负担的最重要因素之一,也是发病的原因之一。本研究旨在了解育龄妇女自杀的发生原因以及与自杀意念和企图自杀有关的风险因素。研究方法采用多阶段群组抽样技术,在 2021 年 3 月至 4 月期间进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究设计,共获得 590 名研究参与者。数据被输入 EpiData 3.1 版,并使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)20 版进行双变量和多变量逻辑回归模型分析。P值小于0.05的变量被视为与结果变量相关的风险因素。结果在 598 名抽样妇女中,共有 590 人参与了调查,回复率为 98.7%。一个月内自杀意念和企图自杀的发生率分别为 2.9% (95% CI: 1.5%, 4.4%) 和 2.5% (95% CI: 1.4%, 3.7%)。亲密伴侣暴力(AOR=4.69,95% CI:1.53,14.45)、抑郁(AOR=3.11,95% CI:1.11,9.85)和精神病史(AOR=5.18,95% CI:1.55,17.32)是自杀意念的相关风险因素。焦虑(AOR=3.55,95% CI:1.17,10.81)、未婚(AOR=4.39,95% CI:1.49,12.87)和精神病史(AOR=7.95,95% CI:2.42,26.15)是自杀未遂的相关风险因素。结论SI和SA在育龄妇女中普遍存在。亲密伴侣暴力、抑郁、焦虑、精神病史和单身是相关因素。这意味着,为育龄妇女提供相关信息、教育和持续支持对于降低自杀发生率和风险因素至关重要。
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Depression and Anxiety
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