Computers and Geotechnics最新文献_第5页

Simulation of soil-rock mixture fluidized landslide dynamics using the 3D-SPH-DEM method enhanced by reorientation and spherical cap cutting algorithms 基于重定向和球帽切割算法的3D-SPH-DEM模拟土石混合体流化滑坡动力学

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computers and Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2026.107995

Wendu Xie , Zheng Han , Gonghui Wang , Guangqi Chen , Bin Su , Yange Li , Haohui Ding , Bangjie Fu , Changli Li

Soil-rock mixture fluidized landslide (SRMFL) consists of fine-grained soil and high-strength rock and often causes serious damage to infrastructures and human lives. Its computation and analysis involve the accurate characterization of irregular rock blocks and complex soil-rock coupling effects, where traditional numerical methods face limitations and deficiencies in correct and efficient contact analysis between phases. In this paper, an improved 3D-SPH-DEM coupling method is proposed, incorporating a reorientation algorithm to ensure correct normal vector orientations for rock feature surfaces and a spherical cap cutting algorithm to simplify the computation of mutual contact volume between soil particles and rock blocks. A high-resolution 3D digital rock model library based on field investigations and high-precision 3D scanning is constructed to achieve high-fidelity modeling results. Additionally, the accuracy and applicability of the proposed method are validated by reproducing a gravity-driven fresh concrete flow experiment and the 2018 Yabakei landslide event in Japan. A series of simulations is then performed considering different rock contents and shapes. Results show that the proposed method performs well in reproducing the landslide event. The kinetic energy in SRMFL follows a rise-and-fall pattern, with peak impact energy not necessarily occurring before impact. Higher rock content can enhance dual-phase behavior, localized rock disturbances, and energy dissipation through collisions and friction. Sharper rock shapes will strengthen soil-rock-terrain interactions and reduce overall landslide mobility.

土石混合体流态化滑坡（SRMFL）是由细粒土和高强度岩石组成的，经常给基础设施和人类生命造成严重的破坏。它的计算和分析涉及到不规则岩块和复杂土-岩耦合效应的准确表征，传统数值方法在正确有效地分析相间接触方面存在局限性和不足。本文提出了一种改进的3D-SPH-DEM耦合方法，采用重定向算法确保岩石特征面法向量方向正确，采用球面帽切割算法简化土壤颗粒与岩石块体相互接触体积的计算。基于野外调查和高精度三维扫描，构建了高分辨率三维数字岩石模型库，实现了高保真的建模结果。此外，通过再现重力驱动的新鲜混凝土流动实验和2018年日本Yabakei滑坡事件，验证了所提出方法的准确性和适用性。然后进行了一系列考虑不同岩石含量和形状的模拟。结果表明，该方法能较好地再现滑坡事件。SRMFL的动能呈上升-下降模式，冲击能量峰值不一定发生在撞击之前。较高的岩石含量可以增强双相特性、局部岩石扰动以及通过碰撞和摩擦产生的能量耗散。尖锐的岩石形状会加强土壤-岩石-地形的相互作用，降低滑坡的整体流动性。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of tunnel face stability using slip curves based on lower bound theory 基于下界理论的滑移曲线法评价巷道工作面稳定性

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computers and Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2026.107991

Yuki Kobayashi, Yota Togashi, Masahiko Osada

The evaluation of face stability during tunnel excavation is an essential technical issue in tunnel construction. Conventional methods of evaluating tunnel face pressure and its stability consist of assuming a failure area bounded by two vertical slip lines directly above the face and considering the silo effect. However, assuming that all slip lines observed in previous experiments are vertical lines, particularly in the case of loose ground, is unreasonable. In addition, in conventional earth pressure theory, the coefficient of the lateral earth pressure is undetermined parameter. This study proposes a novel method for estimating the tunnel face pressure using curved slip lines. This method is based on the lower-bound theory, and the differential equation is derived by modeling slip lines in the failure area as a logarithmic spiral and solving the equilibrium for vertical and horizontal forces and moments on a trapezoidal asymmetric infinitesimal element. This method eliminates the need for a lateral earth pressure coefficient by introducing a stress- state relationship on the slip line. Several calculations were conducted to confirm the behavior of the proposed solution and verify its applicability. As a result, the proper behavior of the proposed solution as a frictional material due to the soil covering and frictional resistance was confirmed. The proposed solution adequately and accurately expresses the face stability indices obtained in a previous centrifuge model test.

隧道开挖过程中工作面稳定性评价是隧道施工中的关键技术问题。评估巷道工作面压力及其稳定性的传统方法是假设工作面正上方有两条垂直滑移线，并考虑筒仓效应。但是，假设以往实验中观测到的滑移线都是垂直线，特别是在松散地面的情况下，是不合理的。此外，在传统的土压力理论中，侧土压力系数是一个待定参数。本文提出了一种利用弯曲滑移线估算巷道工作面压力的新方法。该方法基于下界理论，通过将破坏区内的滑移线模拟为对数螺旋，求解梯形非对称无穷小单元上的垂直和水平力和弯矩平衡，推导出其微分方程。该方法通过引入滑移线上的应力状态关系，消除了侧向土压力系数的需要。通过计算验证了所提解的行为，并验证了其适用性。结果表明，由于土壤覆盖和摩擦阻力，所提出的溶液作为摩擦材料的适当行为得到了证实。该解充分准确地表达了先前离心机模型试验中获得的面稳定性指标。

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引用次数: 0

Static liquefaction: The role of grain size polydispersity from a micro-structural perspective 静态液化：从微观结构角度看粒度多分散性的作用

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computers and Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2026.107996

Carolina Castro-Malaver , Manuel Cárdenas-Barrantes , David Cantor , Mathieu Renouf , Emilien Azéma , Carlos Ovalle , Arcesio Lizcano

Static liquefaction, defined as the loss of strength after strain softening under undrained shear, is often the cause of catastrophic failures in loose earthfills, waste dumps and tailings storage facilities. The number of failures does not cease to increase yearly, revealing operational faults, construction defects, and a lack of knowledge regarding liquefaction triggering. While liquefaction is well understood at the scale of a representative elementary volume of soil, the triggering mechanisms at the particle scale are seldom studied. This study aims to analyze the links between the micro- and macro-mechanisms controlling static liquefaction by means of numerical simulations using the Discrete Element Method. We consider mono to highly size polydisperse 2D samples of discs, prepared at varied densities from loose to dense packings. As expected, loose samples liquefy, while dense ones continue to exhibit resistance under undrained shearing. Some medium-dense cases liquefy only temporarily, recovering their shear strength at larger strains. We reveal a dual mechanism for liquefaction through multi-scale analysis: a collapse of the contact network—marked by the coordination number dropping below 3—and the emergence of low-density regions. Temporary liquefaction involves transient connectivity loss with minor density fluctuations, enabling stress recovery. In contrast, full liquefaction combines both effects, leading to an irreversibly disconnected and heterogeneous microstructure.

静态液化被定义为在不排水剪切作用下应变软化后的强度损失，通常是松散土方、废物堆和尾矿储存设施发生灾难性破坏的原因。故障数量每年都在增加，暴露出操作故障、结构缺陷以及缺乏液化触发知识。虽然液化在具有代表性的土壤基本体积尺度上得到了很好的理解，但在颗粒尺度上的触发机制却很少得到研究。本文采用离散元法进行数值模拟，分析了控制静力液化的微观机制和宏观机制之间的联系。我们考虑单到高尺寸的多分散二维光盘样品，制备在不同密度从松散到密集的包装。正如预期的那样，松散的样品液化，而致密的样品在不排水剪切下继续表现出阻力。一些中等密度的材料只是暂时液化，在较大的应变下恢复其抗剪强度。我们通过多尺度分析揭示了液化的双重机制：接触网络的崩溃（以配位数降至3以下为标志）和低密度区域的出现。临时液化包括短暂的连通性丧失和轻微的密度波动，从而使应力恢复。相反，完全液化结合了这两种影响，导致不可逆的断裂和异质微观结构。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of particle surface roughness on the mechanical behaviour of unsaturated granular materials: DEM simulations 颗粒表面粗糙度对非饱和颗粒材料力学行为的影响：DEM模拟

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computers and Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2026.108014

Hanze Li, Chaofa Zhao, Yi Hong, Aoxi Zhang, Yanni Chen

Natural soils are typically unsaturated, and their mechanical behaviour is significantly influenced by capillary cohesion. By incorporating the attractive forces generated by capillary bridges, the Discrete Element Method (DEM) enables direct simulation of interactions between the soil skeleton and pore fluids, providing microscopic insights into the macroscopic behaviour of unsaturated granular soils. However, most existing DEM simulations adopt capillary bridge models based on the assumption that particles are smooth, which tends to an overestimation of capillary stresses. In this study, an enhanced capillary bridge model that accounts for particle surface roughness is implemented to conduct DEM simulations of triaxial and biaxial tests on unsaturated granular materials. The results demonstrate that incorporating surface roughness into the capillary bridge model allows the Love-Weber type capillary stress to more accurately capture the transition from the dry to the pendular state. During triaxial shearing, capillary cohesion significantly enhances the shear strength and dilatancy of unsaturated granular materials. However, this effect diminishes with increasing particle surface roughness, resulting in mechanical responses that more closely resemble those of dry granular materials. During biaxial shearing, shear bands form in unsaturated granular materials, with capillary effects leading to narrower and more localised deformation zones. Within shear bands, the rupture of capillary bridges occurs more frequently, resulting in lower capillary stress values. This study provides a more realistic approach for future investigations into the hydro-mechanical response of unsaturated granular materials.

天然土是典型的非饱和土，其力学行为受毛细黏聚力的显著影响。通过结合毛细管桥产生的吸引力，离散元法（DEM）可以直接模拟土壤骨架和孔隙流体之间的相互作用，为非饱和颗粒土的宏观行为提供微观见解。然而，现有的DEM模拟大多采用基于颗粒光滑假设的毛细桥模型，容易高估毛细应力。本研究采用考虑颗粒表面粗糙度的增强型毛细管桥模型，对非饱和颗粒材料进行三轴和双轴试验的DEM模拟。结果表明，将表面粗糙度纳入毛细管桥模型可以使Love-Weber型毛细管应力更准确地捕捉到从干燥状态到钟摆状态的转变。在三轴剪切过程中，毛细黏聚显著提高了非饱和颗粒材料的抗剪强度和剪胀性。然而，这种效应随着颗粒表面粗糙度的增加而减弱，导致机械响应更接近于干燥颗粒材料。在双轴剪切过程中，非饱和颗粒材料形成剪切带，毛细效应导致变形区更窄、更局部化。在剪切带内，毛细血管桥破裂的发生频率更高，导致毛细血管应力值更低。该研究为进一步研究非饱和颗粒材料的水力学响应提供了更为现实的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical investigations of in-situ PRACLAY heater test: over-excavation, strain localisation and THM responses 原位普拉克雷加热器试验的数值研究：超开挖、应变局部化和THM响应

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computers and Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2026.107940

Fei Song , Antonio Gens , Stefano Collico , Yuan Mi , Huaning Wang , Xiaocong Lyu

In Belgium, Boom Clay is selected as a potentially suitable host rock for the geological nuclear waste disposal. As part of the European Joint Programme on Radioactive Waste Management programme, this study concentrates on the analysis of the couple thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) processes of the in-situ PRACLAY Heater Test throughout all the construction stages, including gallery excavation, support installation, waiting period, artificial water injection and heating stages. For this purpose, an elasto-viscoplastic model with a hyperbolic Mohr-Coulomb yield surface is selected to characterise the mechanical behaviour of Boom Clay, considering anisotropy of stiffness and strength as well as hardening and softening behaviour. One of the innovative points of this work is the implementation of air gap elements to represent over-excavation in a fully coupled THM framework. The new element is verified against existing numerical results for over-excavation simulations using contact elements and validated against measured data from the in-situ PRACLAY Heater Test. Finally, a comprehensive parametric program of analyses is conducted to investigate the effect of key parameters, such as elastic moduli, Poisson’s ratios, hydro-mechanical coupling properties as well as hydraulic boundary conditions on the THM behaviour of geological repositories for nuclear waste disposal.

在比利时，Boom Clay被选为潜在的适合地质核废料处理的宿主岩石。作为欧洲放射性废物管理联合计划的一部分，本研究集中分析了在所有施工阶段（包括走廊挖掘、支架安装、等待期、人工注水和加热阶段）进行的现场普拉克雷加热器测试的热-水-机械耦合过程。为此，采用双曲莫尔-库仑屈服面弹粘塑性模型，考虑刚度和强度的各向异性以及硬化和软化行为，来表征动臂粘土的力学行为。这项工作的创新点之一是在完全耦合的THM框架中实现气隙元素来表示过度挖掘。新元件与现有的使用接触元件的超开挖模拟数值结果进行了验证，并与来自现场PRACLAY加热器测试的测量数据进行了验证。最后，进行了综合参数化分析程序，研究了弹性模量、泊松比、水-力耦合特性以及水力边界条件等关键参数对核废料地质处置库THM行为的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of the joint aperture and persistence on the shear behavior of coplanar non-persistent jointed rock masses and an improved Jennings shear strength criterion 节理孔径和持久性对共面非持久性节理岩体剪切特性的影响及改进的Jennings抗剪强度准则

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computers and Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2026.107949

Tingfang Liu , Gang Wang , Changsheng Wang , Yujing Jiang , Xuezhen Wu , Wen Zheng , Feng Jiang , Weimin Yang , Jinglong Li

The shear behavior and failure mechanisms of non-persistent joints are key to the stability of jointed rock masses, whose shear responses are jointly governed by geometric parameters such as joint aperture and joint persistence. In this study, direct shear tests were performed on specimens containing coplanar non-persistent joints, and the shear-failure process was simulated using the finite element method–cohesive zone model (FEM–CZM) method. The combined effects of joint aperture and joint persistence on shear behavior were investigated from both macroscopic and mesoscopic perspectives, and an improved Jennings shear strength criterion incorporating the weakening effect of joint aperture was derived. The tests revealed two typical post-peak failure patterns: a “sudden drop followed by arcuate recovery” and a “stepwise decline”. Increases in both the joint aperture and joint persistence reduce the peak shear strength, with joint persistence exerting a more pronounced influence. Larger joint apertures increase the degrees of rock bridge fracture surface undulation and specimen surface spalling, whereas higher joint persistence flattens the fracture surface and mitigates surface spalling. Simulations indicate that stress initially concentrates at the rock bridge ends and extends towards the middle during shearing. The number of cracks increases sharply at the peak shear stress, with tensile cracks consistently dominating. Larger joint apertures intensify the stress concentration at the rock bridge ends, leading to earlier crack initiation, a more vigorous crack propagation trend, and more dispersed crack paths, whereas higher joint persistence narrows the stress concentration zone and accelerates crack coalescence across the rock bridge. Finally, based on the test and simulation results, an improved Jennings shear strength criterion is proposed by introducing a cohesion reduction coefficient η(d) that decays exponentially with joint aperture. The validation results demonstrate that the predicted peak shear strengths agree well with the measured values and external data.

节理的剪切特性和破坏机制是节理岩体稳定性的关键，节理岩体的剪切响应受节理孔径和节理持久性等几何参数的共同控制。本研究对含共面非持久节理试件进行了直剪试验，并采用有限元法-黏聚区模型（FEM-CZM）方法对剪切破坏过程进行了模拟。从宏观和细观两个角度研究节理孔径和节理持久性对剪切性能的综合影响，推导了考虑节理孔径弱化效应的改进Jennings抗剪强度准则。测试揭示了两种典型的峰值后失败模式：“突然下降，随后是弧形恢复”和“逐步下降”。节理孔径增大和节理持续度增大均降低峰值抗剪强度，节理持续度的影响更为显著。节理孔径越大，岩桥断裂面起伏程度越大，试件表面剥落程度越大，节理持续度越高，断裂面越平坦，剥落程度越轻。模拟结果表明，在剪切过程中，应力最初集中在岩石桥端，并向中间延伸。在剪切应力峰值处，裂纹数量急剧增加，拉伸裂纹始终占主导地位。节理开度越大，岩石桥端应力集中加剧，裂缝起裂时间越早，裂纹扩展趋势越剧烈，裂缝路径越分散；节理持续度越高，岩石桥端应力集中区域越窄，裂缝合并速度越快。最后，在试验和模拟结果的基础上，引入黏结折减系数η(d)随节理孔径呈指数衰减，提出了改进的Jennings抗剪强度准则。验证结果表明，预测的峰值抗剪强度与实测值和外部数据吻合较好。

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引用次数: 0

A modified nonlinear seepage-stress coupling model of heterogeneous pore-fracture dual medium for engineering geomaterials 工程岩土材料非均质孔裂双介质非线性渗流-应力耦合修正模型

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computers and Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2026.107939

Wentao Yang, Shaobo Jin, Qiuhua Rao, Wei Yi, Zelin Liu

The seepage-stress coupling effect is critical to the stability of engineering structures, but existing models have certain limitations: the equivalent continuum model neglects seepage differences between pores and fractures; the discrete fracture network model overlooks pore permeability and involves complex calculations; and the dual medium model fails to account for non-Darcy seepage effects and the spatiotemporal evolution of physical parameters. Consequently, solving the seepage-stress coupling problem of spatially heterogeneous pore-fracture dual media remains challenging. In this study, we incorporate two key effects into the modeling framework: the non-Darcy seepage and the nonlinear seepage-stress coupling (including the spatiotemporal evolution of seepage parameters, solid deformation parameters, and effective stress coefficients). The model is developed via self-programming in COMSOL Multiphysics, and its reliability is validated through lab experiments. Results show that both effects suppress the dissipation of fluid pressure, the consolidation rate, and the final settlement of the soil. The degree of such suppression is governed by fracture permeability, pore permeability, and their ratio. Additionally, the practicality of this model is verified through a 3D engineering case. The model can be further extended to a multi-scale fracture network model (explicitly characterizing main fractures and implicitly describing randomly distributed secondary fractures and pores) with consideration of permeability anisotropy.

渗流-应力耦合效应对工程结构的稳定性至关重要，但现有模型存在一定的局限性：等效连续介质模型忽略了孔隙与裂隙之间的渗流差异；离散裂缝网络模型忽略了孔隙渗透率，计算复杂；双介质模型不能考虑非达西渗流效应和物理参数的时空演化。因此，解决空间非均质孔隙-破裂双重介质的渗流-应力耦合问题仍然是一个挑战。在本研究中，我们将非达西渗流和非线性渗流-应力耦合（包括渗流参数、固体变形参数和有效应力系数的时空演变）两个关键效应纳入建模框架。在COMSOL Multiphysics中通过自编程开发了该模型，并通过实验验证了模型的可靠性。结果表明，这两种作用都抑制了流体压力的消散、固结速率和土体的最终沉降。这种抑制程度受裂缝渗透率、孔隙渗透率及其比值的影响。并通过一个三维工程实例验证了该模型的实用性。该模型可进一步扩展为考虑渗透率各向异性的多尺度裂缝网络模型（显式表征主裂缝，隐式描述随机分布的次裂缝和孔隙）。

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引用次数: 0

TKLE-BPINN: A Bayesian physics-informed inversion framework for high-dimensional parameter identification in geotechnical subsurface systems TKLE-BPINN：用于岩土地下系统高维参数识别的贝叶斯物理信息反演框架

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computers and Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2026.107957

Zhenjie Tang, Li He

Characterizing spatially variable hydraulic properties in geotechnical subsurface systems is a high-dimensional and ill-posed inverse problem, particularly in unsaturated flow conditions. We introduce TKLE-BPINN, a novel Bayesian framework that integrates Bayesian physics-informed neural networks (B-PINNs) with truncated Karhunen–Loève expansion (KLE) to address these challenges efficiently. By representing unknown fields with latent KLE coefficients and employing Ensemble Kalman Inversion (EKI) for posterior inference, TKLE-BPINN achieves accurate parameter estimation and robust uncertainty quantification. We validate the framework on three subsurface flow and transport test cases: (i) a linear diffusion–reaction problem with unknown diffusivity, (ii) a nonlinear diffusion–reaction problem with unknown reaction coefficients, and (iii) a multi-parameter inversion of diffusivity and contaminant source locations, where TKLE-BPINN consistently outperforms standard B-PINNs in accuracy and stability. We further apply TKLE-BPINN to a realistic hydrogeotechnical scenario, inverting saturated hydraulic conductivity in nonlinear unsaturated flow for heterogeneous soils, yielding reliable parameter estimates and uncertainty quantification essential for subsurface flow modeling. These results indicate that TKLE-BPINN provides a flexible and robust alternative for geotechnical subsurface characterization.

岩土地下系统中空间可变水力特性的表征是一个高维的不适定反问题，特别是在非饱和流动条件下。我们介绍了TKLE-BPINN，这是一种新的贝叶斯框架，它将贝叶斯物理信息神经网络（b - pinn）与截断karhunen - lo扩展（KLE）相结合，以有效地解决这些挑战。TKLE-BPINN通过用潜在KLE系数表示未知域，并采用集合卡尔曼反演（EKI）进行后验推理，实现了精确的参数估计和鲁棒的不确定性量化。我们在三个地下流动和运输测试案例中验证了该框架：(i)具有未知扩散系数的线性扩散反应问题，（ii）具有未知反应系数的非线性扩散反应问题，以及（iii）具有扩散系数和污染源位置的多参数反演，其中TKLE-BPINN在准确性和稳定性方面始终优于标准b - pinn。我们进一步将TKLE-BPINN应用于现实的水文岩土工程场景，反演非均质土壤非线性非饱和流中的饱和水力传导性，为地下流建模提供可靠的参数估计和不确定性量化。这些结果表明，TKLE-BPINN为岩土工程地下表征提供了一种灵活而可靠的替代方法。

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引用次数: 0

Multiphysics modelling of millimetre-wave ablation of geological materials 地质物质毫米波消融的多物理场模拟

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computers and Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2026.107946

Nandan Gokhale , Candace Gilet , Franck Monmont , Nikos Nikiforakis

This study presents a multiphysics model and the corresponding algorithm for the numerical simulation of millimetre-wave ablation of geological materials. Simulations of this process are particularly challenging due to the low thermal conductivity and limited melt mobility of rock, as well as the high latent heat of evaporation and melt-to-vapour density ratio (exceeding 2500:1), which induce strong velocity divergence effects at the melt–vapour interface. Specifically, the model introduced in this work addresses the low-intensity, volumetric heating of rocks, taking place over significantly larger spatial and temporal scales (approximately 300 and 100 times greater, respectively) compared to similar processes encountered in laser drilling of metals. A comprehensive description is provided of the mathematical formulation, beam model, and numerical algorithm employed to perform robust, fully three-dimensional simulations lasting up to 25 s. These demanding computations are made tractable through MPI parallelisation and hierarchical Adaptive Mesh Refinement. Following the presentation of the model and solution methodology, an experiment is introduced which was devised specifically to produce data for model calibration and validation purposes. Comparison of the numerical results against the experimental reference test case and a parametric study of varying beam intensity demonstrate that the model can make good predictions of the penetration depth and the volume of material removed. The bounds and limitations of the model are also explored through the parametric study, with desirable future extensions identified to improve the accuracy of the model predictions.

提出了地质物质毫米波烧蚀数值模拟的多物理场模型和相应的算法。由于岩石的低导热系数和有限的熔体迁移率，以及蒸发潜热和熔体-蒸汽密度比（超过2500:1）的高潜热，在熔体-蒸汽界面上引起强烈的速度发散效应，因此模拟这一过程特别具有挑战性。具体来说，本工作中引入的模型解决了岩石的低强度体积加热问题，与金属激光钻孔中遇到的类似过程相比，这种加热发生在更大的空间和时间尺度上（分别约为300倍和100倍）。一个全面的描述提供了数学公式，梁模型，和数值算法用于执行鲁棒，全三维模拟持续长达25秒。通过MPI并行化和分层自适应网格细化，这些苛刻的计算变得易于处理。在模型和解决方法的介绍之后，介绍了一个实验，该实验是专门为模型校准和验证目的而设计的。将数值计算结果与实验参考测试案例进行比较，并对不同光束强度的参数化研究表明，该模型能较好地预测穿透深度和去除材料的体积。通过参数化研究还探讨了模型的界限和局限性，并确定了理想的未来扩展，以提高模型预测的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Relating solution tests to pore-scale CaCO3 crystal growth: Numerical simulation based on the phase field method 孔尺度CaCO3晶体生长的相关溶液试验：基于相场法的数值模拟

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computers and Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2026.107947

Guoliang Ma , Yang Xiao , Jinxuan Zhang , Zhichao Zhang

Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been widely studied for its broad application potential in geotechnical engineering. Exploring the pore-scale CaCO₃ precipitation processes is one of the key aspects of fully understanding the mechanism of MICP for enhancing mechanical properties and controlling hydraulic properties of soils and rocks. Additionally, solution tests are typically the first step to understanding the reaction processes of MICP before conducting pore-scale and macro-scale tests. However, most explanations remain qualitative and do not establish a direct link between solution tests, pore-scale processes, and macro-scale performance. In this study, a saturation-dependent kinetic model is developed to describe the chemical reactions involved in MICP, and a phase-field model is employed to simulate the growth of CaCO₃ crystals at the pore scale. The two models are coupled through the CaCO₃ precipitation rate, enabling direct translation of solution test parameters into pore-scale simulations. Model predictions are validated against experimental data from microdroplet tests, showing good agreement in crystal growth dynamics under varying bacterial densities. The results demonstrate the capability of the proposed approach to quantitatively link solution chemistry with pore-scale mineralization processes. This work provides a robust framework for further investigation of MICP-induced pore sealing and particle bridging, contributing to the optimization and design of bio-mediated ground improvement strategies.

微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀（MICP）因其在岩土工程中的广泛应用潜力而受到广泛的研究。探索孔隙尺度CaCO3的沉淀过程是充分认识MICP增强岩土力学性能和控制水力性能机理的关键方面之一。此外，在进行孔隙尺度和宏观尺度测试之前，溶液测试通常是了解MICP反应过程的第一步。然而，大多数解释仍然是定性的，并没有在溶液测试、孔隙尺度过程和宏观尺度性能之间建立直接联系。在本研究中，建立了一个饱和度相关的动力学模型来描述MICP中涉及的化学反应，并采用相场模型来模拟CaCO3晶体在孔隙尺度上的生长。这两个模型通过CaCO3沉淀速率耦合，可以将溶液测试参数直接转换为孔隙尺度模拟。模型预测与微滴测试的实验数据相对照，显示出在不同细菌密度下晶体生长动力学的良好一致性。结果表明，该方法能够定量地将溶液化学与孔隙尺度的矿化过程联系起来。这项工作为进一步研究micp诱导的孔隙密封和颗粒桥接提供了一个强大的框架，有助于优化和设计生物介导的地面改善策略。

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