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The withdrawal of the thyromimetic eprotirome 促甲状腺素的停药
Q Medicine Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.29
M. France
Abstract “Despite the disappointing discontinuation of eprotirome, these studies have provided valuable information on the effects of TR-β specific agonists in man.”
摘要“尽管eprotirome的停用令人失望,但这些研究提供了关于TR-β特异性激动剂在人类中的作用的有价值的信息。”
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引用次数: 1
Examining controversies and new frontiers in lipid management 检查血脂管理的争议和新领域
Q Medicine Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.38
S. Nicholls
Abstract Over the course of the last three decades our approach to the management of dyslipidemia has intensified on the basis of randomized controlled trials demonstrating reduction in cardiovascular events. However, the presence of a substantial residual risk and complex dyslipidemic states presents an ongoing challenge in clinical practice. The current controversies and opportunities in the management of both atherogenic and protective lipid factors will be reviewed.
在过去的三十年中,我们的血脂异常管理方法在随机对照试验的基础上得到了加强,这些试验证明了心血管事件的减少。然而,大量残留风险和复杂的血脂异常状态的存在在临床实践中提出了一个持续的挑战。本文将对目前在动脉粥样硬化和保护性脂质因子管理方面的争议和机遇进行综述。
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引用次数: 0
Lipids in multiple sclerosis: adverse lipid profiles, disability and disease progression 多发性硬化症中的脂质:不利的脂质谱、残疾和疾病进展
Q Medicine Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.41
Prudence Tettey, I. A. van der Mei
Abstract “The peroxidation of lipoproteins and their associated serum lipids have been implicated as potential agents involved in demyelination and axonal injury in multiple sclerosis.”
摘要:脂蛋白的过氧化及其相关的血清脂质已被认为是参与多发性硬化症脱髓鞘和轴突损伤的潜在因素。
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引用次数: 2
Utilizing liposomes and lipid nanoparticles to overcome challenges in breast cancer treatment 利用脂质体和脂质纳米颗粒克服乳腺癌治疗中的挑战
Q Medicine Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.48
Reyhaneh Varshochian, Hosniyeh Hosseinzadeh, N. Gandomi, Faranak Tavassolian, F. Atyabi, R. Dinarvand
Abstract Various lipid particulate drug delivery systems with liposomes as forefront have attracted increasing attention in cancer treatment, especially breast cancer therapy. Multidrug resistance and off-target cytotoxicity are among major obstacles faced by researchers in this area. To address these problems, various strategies, such as composition modifications, pegylation and attaching the targeting ligands, have been investigated. In this regard, a number of liposomal therapeutics could successfully reach the market and also several preclinical and clinical approaches are ongoing to upgrade lipid particles to multipotential carriers and potentiate their therapeutic efficacies. The current review is mainly concentrated on recent approaches in liposomal drug delivery systems intended for breast cancer therapy, and will have a glance at novel attributed studies based on other particulate lipid carriers.
以脂质体为前沿的各种脂质颗粒给药系统在癌症治疗特别是乳腺癌治疗中越来越受到关注。多药耐药和脱靶细胞毒性是该领域研究人员面临的主要障碍。为了解决这些问题,人们研究了各种策略,如组合物修饰、聚乙二醇化和靶向配体的连接。在这方面,许多脂质体疗法可以成功地进入市场,并且一些临床前和临床方法正在进行中,以将脂质颗粒升级为多潜能载体并增强其治疗效果。目前的综述主要集中在用于乳腺癌治疗的脂质体药物递送系统的最新方法,并将浏览基于其他颗粒脂质载体的新研究。
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引用次数: 4
Cholesterol removal from plaques and elimination from the body: change in paradigm to reduce risk for heart disease 从斑块中去除胆固醇和从体内消除胆固醇:改变模式以降低心脏病的风险
Q Medicine Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.35
Shobha Ghosh, Jinghua Bie, Jing Wang, Quan Yuan, Siddhartha S Ghosh
Abstract Accumulation of lipid-laden macrophage foam cells in arterial wall is the hallmark of atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Increased uptake of cholesteryl ester-rich modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is thought to be responsible for lipid accumulation and strong inverse correlation exists between plasma LDL and CVD. However, despite reaching the target LDL levels significant residual risk for CVD remains. Furthermore, current therapeutic strategies do not lead to regression of existing plaques. This review discusses a change in paradigm emphasizing the importance of removal of cholesterol from macrophage foam cells and final elimination of cholesterol from the body. Intracellular processes involved in this process are described to provide insight into the development of new therapies for CVD.
脂质巨噬细胞泡沫细胞在动脉壁上的积累是动脉粥样硬化的标志,动脉粥样硬化是心血管疾病(CVD)的潜在原因。富含胆固醇酯的改性低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的摄取增加被认为是脂质积累的原因,血浆LDL与CVD之间存在很强的负相关。然而,尽管达到了目标LDL水平,CVD的残余风险仍然存在。此外,目前的治疗策略不会导致现有斑块的消退。这篇综述讨论了范式的变化,强调从巨噬细胞泡沫细胞中去除胆固醇和最终从体内消除胆固醇的重要性。在这一过程中所涉及的细胞内过程进行了描述,以提供深入了解新的治疗CVD的发展。
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引用次数: 5
Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe plus atorvastatin therapy 依zetimibe联合阿托伐他汀治疗的有效性和安全性
Q Medicine Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.36
J. Foody, P. Toth, A. Tershakovec, T. Musliner, J. Tomassini, R. Lowe, D. Neff, H. Davis
Abstract Statin therapy is highly effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and cardiovascular events; however, many high-risk patients on statin monotherapy do not achieve sufficient LDL-C lowering. Statin-dose uptitration, switching to more potent statins and/or addition of complementary lipid-lowering drugs has been recommended for these patients. Numerous clinical trials have shown that coadministration of statins with cholesterol absorption inhibitor, ezetimibe, improves LDL-C lowering and other lipid parameters more than statins alone, including doubling the statin dose. In clinical outcome trials, ezetimibe combined with simvastatin reduced ischemic events in high-risk patients with chronic kidney disease and aortic stenosis; the incremental benefit of LDL-C lowering when ezetimibe is added to statin therapy on cardiovascular risk reduction compared with statin monotherapy is currently being evaluated in an ongoing clinical trial. Recently, a fixed-dose combination of ezetimibe plus atorvastatin, a statin with greater potency than most other statins, was approved by the US FDA and offers a therapeutic option for high-risk patients who do not achieve recommended LDL-C levels on statin monotherapy. This article provides an update on the safety and efficacy of ezetimibe plus atorvastatin therapy.
他汀类药物治疗在降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和心血管事件方面非常有效;然而,许多高危患者接受他汀类药物单药治疗不能达到充分的LDL-C降低。他汀类药物剂量增加、改用更强效的他汀类药物和/或补充降脂药物已被推荐用于这些患者。大量临床试验表明,他汀类药物与胆固醇吸收抑制剂依折替米贝合用比单独使用他汀类药物更能改善LDL-C降低和其他脂质参数,包括使他汀类药物剂量增加一倍。在临床结果试验中,依折替贝联合辛伐他汀可减少慢性肾病和主动脉瓣狭窄高危患者的缺血事件;目前,一项正在进行的临床试验正在评估他汀类药物治疗中加入依zetimibe与他汀类药物单药治疗相比,降低LDL-C对心血管风险降低的增量益处。最近,ezetimibe和阿托伐他汀(一种比大多数其他他汀类药物更有效的他汀类药物)的固定剂量组合被美国FDA批准,为未达到推荐LDL-C水平的高危患者提供了一种治疗选择。这篇文章提供了依zetimibe联合阿托伐他汀治疗的安全性和有效性的最新进展。
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引用次数: 7
Influence of exercise training on HDL function 运动训练对HDL功能的影响
Q Medicine Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.34
V. Adams, S. Erbs
Abstract “Besides promotion of reverse cholesterol transport, HDL has been shown to exert beneficial antiatherogenic effects...”
“除了促进胆固醇的逆向转运,高密度脂蛋白已被证明具有有益的抗动脉粥样硬化作用……”
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引用次数: 2
Association of lipoprotein subclasses and carotid intima-media thickness in the Chinese population 脂蛋白亚类与中国人群颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度的关系
Q Medicine Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.22
Fangfang Yan, L. Tian, Huangdao Yu, A. Baskota, Yun-Yi Gao, Sheyu Li, M. Fu, H. Tian
Abstract Aims: To determine whether lipoprotein subclasses are associated with the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in Chinese population. Patients & methods: Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured by standard enzymatic methods. The subclasses of LDL were determined by 1D gradient gel electrophoresis and subclasses of HDL were determined by 2D gradient gel electrophoresis in 342 participants. Carotid IMT was measured by means of high-resolution vascular ultrasound. Results: In multivariate analysis, TC and LDL-C levels were positively correlated with the carotid IMT (p < 0.001). In stepwise multiple regression analysis, small dense LDL was found to be significantly associated with IMT after adjustment for other metabolic risks and traditional lipids such as triglycerides, TC and HDL-C. Additionally, HDL subclasses were not correlated with IMT. Conclusion: Small dense LDL was a stronger predictor for carotid atherosclerosis in the general Chinese population when compared with HDL-C or HDL subclasses, which is independent of lipids and other related metabolic risks.
目的:探讨脂蛋白亚类是否与中国人群颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度(IMT)相关。患者与方法:采用标准酶法测定总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(triglycerides)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)。采用一维梯度凝胶电泳法测定LDL亚类,二维梯度凝胶电泳法测定HDL亚类。采用高分辨率血管超声测量颈动脉IMT。结果:在多因素分析中,TC和LDL-C水平与颈动脉IMT呈正相关(p < 0.001)。在逐步多元回归分析中,在校正其他代谢风险和甘油三酯、TC、HDL-C等传统脂质后,发现小密度LDL与IMT显著相关。此外,HDL亚类与IMT无关。结论:与HDL- c或HDL亚类相比,小密度LDL是中国普通人群颈动脉粥样硬化的一个更强的预测因子,与脂质和其他相关代谢风险无关。
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引用次数: 5
Prescription omega-3 carboxylic acids for the treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia 处方omega-3羧酸治疗严重高甘油三酯血症
Q Medicine Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.39
K. Maki, S. Poulos, Alyssa K Phillips, A. Lawless
Abstract The role of omega-3 (OM3) fatty acids in the reduction of elevated triglycerides is well recognized. This has prompted the development of concentrated OM3 drugs for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia, a condition that may increase risk for cardiovascular disease and pancreatitis. Intestinal absorption of currently available OM3 ethyl ester drugs depends on the activity of pancreatic lipases, largely stimulated by dietary fat. As many patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia are advised to minimize fat intake, there is a need for a product with high bioavailability, irrespective of meal timing and fat content. This review will discuss a novel OM3 carboxylic acid drug (Epanova®, AstraZeneca, DE, USA) that has been approved as an adjunct to diet for the treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia.
omega-3 (OM3)脂肪酸在降低甘油三酯升高中的作用是公认的。这促使了用于治疗高甘油三酯血症(一种可能增加心血管疾病和胰腺炎风险的疾病)的浓缩OM3药物的开发。目前可用的OM3乙酯类药物的肠道吸收取决于胰腺脂肪酶的活性,主要由膳食脂肪刺激。由于许多患有严重高甘油三酯血症的患者被建议尽量减少脂肪摄入,因此需要一种生物利用度高的产品,无论进餐时间和脂肪含量如何。本综述将讨论一种新的OM3羧酸药物(Epanova®,AstraZeneca, DE, USA),该药物已被批准作为饮食辅助治疗严重高甘油三酯血症。
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引用次数: 3
Diet and lifestyle interventions on lipids: combination with genomics and metabolomics 饮食和生活方式对血脂的干预:结合基因组学和代谢组学
Q Medicine Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.30
Yan Zheng, L. Qi
Abstract Lipids have been closely related to risk of a variety of metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Compelling evidence has shown that diet/lifestyle interventions may affect circulating lipid profile; research in genetics has associated more than 150 common variants with lipid traits. In recent years, emerging data from observational studies and randomized clinical trials have shown that dietary and lifestyle factors might interact with genetic factors in determining lipid levels. In addition, the emerging ‘omics’ research, especially lipidomics, owns potentials to provide comprehensive insights into the mechanisms underlying gene–diet/lifestyle interactions. Although many challenges exist, studies in these areas hold promise to inform future personalized diet and lifestyle interventions on improvement of lipids and mitigate the related disorders.
血脂与心血管疾病、糖尿病等多种代谢性疾病的发病风险密切相关。令人信服的证据表明,饮食/生活方式干预可能影响循环脂质谱;遗传学研究已经将150多种常见的变体与脂质性状联系起来。近年来,观察性研究和随机临床试验的新数据表明,饮食和生活方式因素可能与遗传因素相互作用,决定血脂水平。此外,新兴的“组学”研究,特别是脂质组学,有可能为基因-饮食/生活方式相互作用的机制提供全面的见解。尽管存在许多挑战,但这些领域的研究有望为未来个性化的饮食和生活方式干预提供信息,以改善血脂并减轻相关疾病。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Clinical Lipidology
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