Abstract “Despite the disappointing discontinuation of eprotirome, these studies have provided valuable information on the effects of TR-β specific agonists in man.”
{"title":"The withdrawal of the thyromimetic eprotirome","authors":"M. France","doi":"10.2217/clp.14.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/clp.14.29","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract “Despite the disappointing discontinuation of eprotirome, these studies have provided valuable information on the effects of TR-β specific agonists in man.”","PeriodicalId":55252,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Lipidology","volume":"47 2 1","pages":"483 - 486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89188482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Over the course of the last three decades our approach to the management of dyslipidemia has intensified on the basis of randomized controlled trials demonstrating reduction in cardiovascular events. However, the presence of a substantial residual risk and complex dyslipidemic states presents an ongoing challenge in clinical practice. The current controversies and opportunities in the management of both atherogenic and protective lipid factors will be reviewed.
{"title":"Examining controversies and new frontiers in lipid management","authors":"S. Nicholls","doi":"10.2217/clp.14.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/clp.14.38","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over the course of the last three decades our approach to the management of dyslipidemia has intensified on the basis of randomized controlled trials demonstrating reduction in cardiovascular events. However, the presence of a substantial residual risk and complex dyslipidemic states presents an ongoing challenge in clinical practice. The current controversies and opportunities in the management of both atherogenic and protective lipid factors will be reviewed.","PeriodicalId":55252,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Lipidology","volume":"9 1","pages":"587 - 595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81809301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract “The peroxidation of lipoproteins and their associated serum lipids have been implicated as potential agents involved in demyelination and axonal injury in multiple sclerosis.”
摘要:脂蛋白的过氧化及其相关的血清脂质已被认为是参与多发性硬化症脱髓鞘和轴突损伤的潜在因素。
{"title":"Lipids in multiple sclerosis: adverse lipid profiles, disability and disease progression","authors":"Prudence Tettey, I. A. van der Mei","doi":"10.2217/clp.14.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/clp.14.41","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract “The peroxidation of lipoproteins and their associated serum lipids have been implicated as potential agents involved in demyelination and axonal injury in multiple sclerosis.”","PeriodicalId":55252,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Lipidology","volume":"3 1","pages":"473 - 475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74240857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reyhaneh Varshochian, Hosniyeh Hosseinzadeh, N. Gandomi, Faranak Tavassolian, F. Atyabi, R. Dinarvand
Abstract Various lipid particulate drug delivery systems with liposomes as forefront have attracted increasing attention in cancer treatment, especially breast cancer therapy. Multidrug resistance and off-target cytotoxicity are among major obstacles faced by researchers in this area. To address these problems, various strategies, such as composition modifications, pegylation and attaching the targeting ligands, have been investigated. In this regard, a number of liposomal therapeutics could successfully reach the market and also several preclinical and clinical approaches are ongoing to upgrade lipid particles to multipotential carriers and potentiate their therapeutic efficacies. The current review is mainly concentrated on recent approaches in liposomal drug delivery systems intended for breast cancer therapy, and will have a glance at novel attributed studies based on other particulate lipid carriers.
{"title":"Utilizing liposomes and lipid nanoparticles to overcome challenges in breast cancer treatment","authors":"Reyhaneh Varshochian, Hosniyeh Hosseinzadeh, N. Gandomi, Faranak Tavassolian, F. Atyabi, R. Dinarvand","doi":"10.2217/clp.14.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/clp.14.48","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Various lipid particulate drug delivery systems with liposomes as forefront have attracted increasing attention in cancer treatment, especially breast cancer therapy. Multidrug resistance and off-target cytotoxicity are among major obstacles faced by researchers in this area. To address these problems, various strategies, such as composition modifications, pegylation and attaching the targeting ligands, have been investigated. In this regard, a number of liposomal therapeutics could successfully reach the market and also several preclinical and clinical approaches are ongoing to upgrade lipid particles to multipotential carriers and potentiate their therapeutic efficacies. The current review is mainly concentrated on recent approaches in liposomal drug delivery systems intended for breast cancer therapy, and will have a glance at novel attributed studies based on other particulate lipid carriers.","PeriodicalId":55252,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Lipidology","volume":"20 1","pages":"571 - 585"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89394661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shobha Ghosh, Jinghua Bie, Jing Wang, Quan Yuan, Siddhartha S Ghosh
Abstract Accumulation of lipid-laden macrophage foam cells in arterial wall is the hallmark of atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Increased uptake of cholesteryl ester-rich modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is thought to be responsible for lipid accumulation and strong inverse correlation exists between plasma LDL and CVD. However, despite reaching the target LDL levels significant residual risk for CVD remains. Furthermore, current therapeutic strategies do not lead to regression of existing plaques. This review discusses a change in paradigm emphasizing the importance of removal of cholesterol from macrophage foam cells and final elimination of cholesterol from the body. Intracellular processes involved in this process are described to provide insight into the development of new therapies for CVD.
{"title":"Cholesterol removal from plaques and elimination from the body: change in paradigm to reduce risk for heart disease","authors":"Shobha Ghosh, Jinghua Bie, Jing Wang, Quan Yuan, Siddhartha S Ghosh","doi":"10.2217/clp.14.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/clp.14.35","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Accumulation of lipid-laden macrophage foam cells in arterial wall is the hallmark of atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Increased uptake of cholesteryl ester-rich modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is thought to be responsible for lipid accumulation and strong inverse correlation exists between plasma LDL and CVD. However, despite reaching the target LDL levels significant residual risk for CVD remains. Furthermore, current therapeutic strategies do not lead to regression of existing plaques. This review discusses a change in paradigm emphasizing the importance of removal of cholesterol from macrophage foam cells and final elimination of cholesterol from the body. Intracellular processes involved in this process are described to provide insight into the development of new therapies for CVD.","PeriodicalId":55252,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Lipidology","volume":"43 1","pages":"429 - 440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77408298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Foody, P. Toth, A. Tershakovec, T. Musliner, J. Tomassini, R. Lowe, D. Neff, H. Davis
Abstract Statin therapy is highly effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and cardiovascular events; however, many high-risk patients on statin monotherapy do not achieve sufficient LDL-C lowering. Statin-dose uptitration, switching to more potent statins and/or addition of complementary lipid-lowering drugs has been recommended for these patients. Numerous clinical trials have shown that coadministration of statins with cholesterol absorption inhibitor, ezetimibe, improves LDL-C lowering and other lipid parameters more than statins alone, including doubling the statin dose. In clinical outcome trials, ezetimibe combined with simvastatin reduced ischemic events in high-risk patients with chronic kidney disease and aortic stenosis; the incremental benefit of LDL-C lowering when ezetimibe is added to statin therapy on cardiovascular risk reduction compared with statin monotherapy is currently being evaluated in an ongoing clinical trial. Recently, a fixed-dose combination of ezetimibe plus atorvastatin, a statin with greater potency than most other statins, was approved by the US FDA and offers a therapeutic option for high-risk patients who do not achieve recommended LDL-C levels on statin monotherapy. This article provides an update on the safety and efficacy of ezetimibe plus atorvastatin therapy.
{"title":"Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe plus atorvastatin therapy","authors":"J. Foody, P. Toth, A. Tershakovec, T. Musliner, J. Tomassini, R. Lowe, D. Neff, H. Davis","doi":"10.2217/clp.14.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/clp.14.36","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Statin therapy is highly effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and cardiovascular events; however, many high-risk patients on statin monotherapy do not achieve sufficient LDL-C lowering. Statin-dose uptitration, switching to more potent statins and/or addition of complementary lipid-lowering drugs has been recommended for these patients. Numerous clinical trials have shown that coadministration of statins with cholesterol absorption inhibitor, ezetimibe, improves LDL-C lowering and other lipid parameters more than statins alone, including doubling the statin dose. In clinical outcome trials, ezetimibe combined with simvastatin reduced ischemic events in high-risk patients with chronic kidney disease and aortic stenosis; the incremental benefit of LDL-C lowering when ezetimibe is added to statin therapy on cardiovascular risk reduction compared with statin monotherapy is currently being evaluated in an ongoing clinical trial. Recently, a fixed-dose combination of ezetimibe plus atorvastatin, a statin with greater potency than most other statins, was approved by the US FDA and offers a therapeutic option for high-risk patients who do not achieve recommended LDL-C levels on statin monotherapy. This article provides an update on the safety and efficacy of ezetimibe plus atorvastatin therapy.","PeriodicalId":55252,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Lipidology","volume":"52 3 1","pages":"441 - 470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90923340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract “Besides promotion of reverse cholesterol transport, HDL has been shown to exert beneficial antiatherogenic effects...”
“除了促进胆固醇的逆向转运,高密度脂蛋白已被证明具有有益的抗动脉粥样硬化作用……”
{"title":"Influence of exercise training on HDL function","authors":"V. Adams, S. Erbs","doi":"10.2217/clp.14.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/clp.14.34","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract “Besides promotion of reverse cholesterol transport, HDL has been shown to exert beneficial antiatherogenic effects...”","PeriodicalId":55252,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Lipidology","volume":"10 1","pages":"395 - 398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78195613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fangfang Yan, L. Tian, Huangdao Yu, A. Baskota, Yun-Yi Gao, Sheyu Li, M. Fu, H. Tian
Abstract Aims: To determine whether lipoprotein subclasses are associated with the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in Chinese population. Patients & methods: Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured by standard enzymatic methods. The subclasses of LDL were determined by 1D gradient gel electrophoresis and subclasses of HDL were determined by 2D gradient gel electrophoresis in 342 participants. Carotid IMT was measured by means of high-resolution vascular ultrasound. Results: In multivariate analysis, TC and LDL-C levels were positively correlated with the carotid IMT (p < 0.001). In stepwise multiple regression analysis, small dense LDL was found to be significantly associated with IMT after adjustment for other metabolic risks and traditional lipids such as triglycerides, TC and HDL-C. Additionally, HDL subclasses were not correlated with IMT. Conclusion: Small dense LDL was a stronger predictor for carotid atherosclerosis in the general Chinese population when compared with HDL-C or HDL subclasses, which is independent of lipids and other related metabolic risks.
{"title":"Association of lipoprotein subclasses and carotid intima-media thickness in the Chinese population","authors":"Fangfang Yan, L. Tian, Huangdao Yu, A. Baskota, Yun-Yi Gao, Sheyu Li, M. Fu, H. Tian","doi":"10.2217/clp.14.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/clp.14.22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aims: To determine whether lipoprotein subclasses are associated with the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in Chinese population. Patients & methods: Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured by standard enzymatic methods. The subclasses of LDL were determined by 1D gradient gel electrophoresis and subclasses of HDL were determined by 2D gradient gel electrophoresis in 342 participants. Carotid IMT was measured by means of high-resolution vascular ultrasound. Results: In multivariate analysis, TC and LDL-C levels were positively correlated with the carotid IMT (p < 0.001). In stepwise multiple regression analysis, small dense LDL was found to be significantly associated with IMT after adjustment for other metabolic risks and traditional lipids such as triglycerides, TC and HDL-C. Additionally, HDL subclasses were not correlated with IMT. Conclusion: Small dense LDL was a stronger predictor for carotid atherosclerosis in the general Chinese population when compared with HDL-C or HDL subclasses, which is independent of lipids and other related metabolic risks.","PeriodicalId":55252,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Lipidology","volume":"18 1","pages":"407 - 415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84018660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The role of omega-3 (OM3) fatty acids in the reduction of elevated triglycerides is well recognized. This has prompted the development of concentrated OM3 drugs for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia, a condition that may increase risk for cardiovascular disease and pancreatitis. Intestinal absorption of currently available OM3 ethyl ester drugs depends on the activity of pancreatic lipases, largely stimulated by dietary fat. As many patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia are advised to minimize fat intake, there is a need for a product with high bioavailability, irrespective of meal timing and fat content. This review will discuss a novel OM3 carboxylic acid drug (Epanova®, AstraZeneca, DE, USA) that has been approved as an adjunct to diet for the treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia.
omega-3 (OM3)脂肪酸在降低甘油三酯升高中的作用是公认的。这促使了用于治疗高甘油三酯血症(一种可能增加心血管疾病和胰腺炎风险的疾病)的浓缩OM3药物的开发。目前可用的OM3乙酯类药物的肠道吸收取决于胰腺脂肪酶的活性,主要由膳食脂肪刺激。由于许多患有严重高甘油三酯血症的患者被建议尽量减少脂肪摄入,因此需要一种生物利用度高的产品,无论进餐时间和脂肪含量如何。本综述将讨论一种新的OM3羧酸药物(Epanova®,AstraZeneca, DE, USA),该药物已被批准作为饮食辅助治疗严重高甘油三酯血症。
{"title":"Prescription omega-3 carboxylic acids for the treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia","authors":"K. Maki, S. Poulos, Alyssa K Phillips, A. Lawless","doi":"10.2217/clp.14.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/clp.14.39","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The role of omega-3 (OM3) fatty acids in the reduction of elevated triglycerides is well recognized. This has prompted the development of concentrated OM3 drugs for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia, a condition that may increase risk for cardiovascular disease and pancreatitis. Intestinal absorption of currently available OM3 ethyl ester drugs depends on the activity of pancreatic lipases, largely stimulated by dietary fat. As many patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia are advised to minimize fat intake, there is a need for a product with high bioavailability, irrespective of meal timing and fat content. This review will discuss a novel OM3 carboxylic acid drug (Epanova®, AstraZeneca, DE, USA) that has been approved as an adjunct to diet for the treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia.","PeriodicalId":55252,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Lipidology","volume":"41 1","pages":"399 - 406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80401229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Lipids have been closely related to risk of a variety of metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Compelling evidence has shown that diet/lifestyle interventions may affect circulating lipid profile; research in genetics has associated more than 150 common variants with lipid traits. In recent years, emerging data from observational studies and randomized clinical trials have shown that dietary and lifestyle factors might interact with genetic factors in determining lipid levels. In addition, the emerging ‘omics’ research, especially lipidomics, owns potentials to provide comprehensive insights into the mechanisms underlying gene–diet/lifestyle interactions. Although many challenges exist, studies in these areas hold promise to inform future personalized diet and lifestyle interventions on improvement of lipids and mitigate the related disorders.
{"title":"Diet and lifestyle interventions on lipids: combination with genomics and metabolomics","authors":"Yan Zheng, L. Qi","doi":"10.2217/clp.14.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/clp.14.30","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Lipids have been closely related to risk of a variety of metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Compelling evidence has shown that diet/lifestyle interventions may affect circulating lipid profile; research in genetics has associated more than 150 common variants with lipid traits. In recent years, emerging data from observational studies and randomized clinical trials have shown that dietary and lifestyle factors might interact with genetic factors in determining lipid levels. In addition, the emerging ‘omics’ research, especially lipidomics, owns potentials to provide comprehensive insights into the mechanisms underlying gene–diet/lifestyle interactions. Although many challenges exist, studies in these areas hold promise to inform future personalized diet and lifestyle interventions on improvement of lipids and mitigate the related disorders.","PeriodicalId":55252,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Lipidology","volume":"61 1","pages":"417 - 427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88155024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}