Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2017.1418184
S. Chutipaijit, T. Sutjaritvorakul
Abstract The investigations of nanotechnology with the application on agricultural products also have been few reported, especially the plant regeneration. The effects of activated charcoal and nanocarbon on the callus induction and plant regeneration of aromatic rice were studied. Activated charcoal was added into the callus induction and regeneration medium. The presence of activated charcoal in the callus induction medium (100–500 mg L−1), activated charcoal significantly reduced the percentage of the callus induction and biomass accumulation (fresh weight, dry weight and size). Whereas, the regeneration medium supplemented with 100 mg L−1 of activated charcoal showed the highest percentage of plant regeneration (61.90%) and the ratio of the number of seedlings to the number of regenerated calli (RSR; 3.06) that derived from the callus induction medium (without activated charcoal). Moreover, the induced calli derived from the callus induction medium supplemented with nanocarbon at 5 mg L−1 showed the highest percentage of callus induction (94.70%), the percentage of green spots (95.83%), the percentage of plant regeneration (60.42%) and the RSR (3.12) when transferred the calli into the regeneration medium (without nanocarbon). After that, nanocarbon was also added into the regeneration medium. The percentage of green spots (96.08%), the percentage of plant regeneration (62.75%) and the RSR (3.16) obtained from the regeneration medium supplemented with 20 mg L−1 of nanocarbon showed the highest values. This experiment showed that the optimum concentration of activated charcoal and nanocarbon had potential to enhance the callus induction and plant regeneration frequencies in tissue culture medium of aromatic rice.
{"title":"Application of activated charcoal and nanocarbon to callus induction and plant regeneration in aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"S. Chutipaijit, T. Sutjaritvorakul","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2017.1418184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2017.1418184","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The investigations of nanotechnology with the application on agricultural products also have been few reported, especially the plant regeneration. The effects of activated charcoal and nanocarbon on the callus induction and plant regeneration of aromatic rice were studied. Activated charcoal was added into the callus induction and regeneration medium. The presence of activated charcoal in the callus induction medium (100–500 mg L−1), activated charcoal significantly reduced the percentage of the callus induction and biomass accumulation (fresh weight, dry weight and size). Whereas, the regeneration medium supplemented with 100 mg L−1 of activated charcoal showed the highest percentage of plant regeneration (61.90%) and the ratio of the number of seedlings to the number of regenerated calli (RSR; 3.06) that derived from the callus induction medium (without activated charcoal). Moreover, the induced calli derived from the callus induction medium supplemented with nanocarbon at 5 mg L−1 showed the highest percentage of callus induction (94.70%), the percentage of green spots (95.83%), the percentage of plant regeneration (60.42%) and the RSR (3.12) when transferred the calli into the regeneration medium (without nanocarbon). After that, nanocarbon was also added into the regeneration medium. The percentage of green spots (96.08%), the percentage of plant regeneration (62.75%) and the RSR (3.16) obtained from the regeneration medium supplemented with 20 mg L−1 of nanocarbon showed the highest values. This experiment showed that the optimum concentration of activated charcoal and nanocarbon had potential to enhance the callus induction and plant regeneration frequencies in tissue culture medium of aromatic rice.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"30 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2017.1418184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42573979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2018.1484673
P. Guo, Yinshi Sun, H. Su, Meixian Wang, Yuxuan Zhang
ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the sediment changes and the trends in TOC, BC and TN before and after restoration of the mangrove wetland in the Jinjiang Estuary and to determine the effect of the wetland restoration process on the biogeochemical cycle of carbon and nitrogen. The results suggest that the sediments were mainly silt-sized. Among different sites with different types of plants and vegetation densities, the adsorptive ability of N in the plots in plantations of Kandelia obovata, Avicennia marina and Acanthus ilicifolius was the highest. The TOC content differed (p < 0.05) with the density of the plot and significantly differed (p < 0.01) with the mangrove species at the densities of 0.5 × 1 m and 0.5 × 0.5 m. There was a positive relationship between the TOC and TN and the TOC and carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) (P < 0.05).
{"title":"Spatial and temporal trends in total organic carbon (TOC), black carbon (BC), and total nitrogen (TN) and their relationships under different planting patterns in a restored coastal mangrove wetland: case study in Fujian, China","authors":"P. Guo, Yinshi Sun, H. Su, Meixian Wang, Yuxuan Zhang","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2018.1484673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2018.1484673","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the sediment changes and the trends in TOC, BC and TN before and after restoration of the mangrove wetland in the Jinjiang Estuary and to determine the effect of the wetland restoration process on the biogeochemical cycle of carbon and nitrogen. The results suggest that the sediments were mainly silt-sized. Among different sites with different types of plants and vegetation densities, the adsorptive ability of N in the plots in plantations of Kandelia obovata, Avicennia marina and Acanthus ilicifolius was the highest. The TOC content differed (p < 0.05) with the density of the plot and significantly differed (p < 0.01) with the mangrove species at the densities of 0.5 × 1 m and 0.5 × 0.5 m. There was a positive relationship between the TOC and TN and the TOC and carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) (P < 0.05).","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"30 1","pages":"47 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2018.1484673","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47598300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2018.1452635
G. Aldana, M. Hernández, S. Cram, O. Arellano, O. Morton, C. A. Ponce de León
Abstract Trace metal species in the water column of a canal system forming a wetland filled with wastewater were analyzed to determine their correlation with metal accumulation in the gills of locally fished Oreochromis niloticus. The metal concentrations in the suspended particles and water dissolved were analyzed. The metal species were calculated using Windermere Humic Aqueous Model version VII showing that the high organic matter and major cation contents were important parameters. Also, the free ion metal concentration was expected to correlate with the organic matter aromaticity; however, organic compounds other than humic susbtances seem to be complexing the metals in the system. Additionally, no clear correlation could be found between metal accumulation in gills and any of the dissolved metal species. Nonetheless, certain trends could be seen between the calculated metal species and metal accumulation in the tilapia from the suspended particles.
摘要分析了形成废水湿地的运河系统水柱中的微量金属物种，以确定它们与当地捕捞的尼罗罗非鱼鳃中金属积累的相关性。分析了悬浮颗粒和溶解水中的金属浓度。使用Windermere Humic Water Model version VII计算金属物种，表明高有机物和主要阳离子含量是重要参数。此外，预计游离离子金属浓度与有机物的芳香性相关；然而，腐殖酸以外的有机化合物似乎与系统中的金属络合。此外，在鳃中的金属积累和任何溶解的金属物种之间都没有发现明确的相关性。尽管如此，在计算的金属物种和悬浮颗粒在罗非鱼中的金属积累之间可以看到某些趋势。
{"title":"Trace metal speciation in a wastewater wetland and its bioaccumulation in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus","authors":"G. Aldana, M. Hernández, S. Cram, O. Arellano, O. Morton, C. A. Ponce de León","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2018.1452635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2018.1452635","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Trace metal species in the water column of a canal system forming a wetland filled with wastewater were analyzed to determine their correlation with metal accumulation in the gills of locally fished Oreochromis niloticus. The metal concentrations in the suspended particles and water dissolved were analyzed. The metal species were calculated using Windermere Humic Aqueous Model version VII showing that the high organic matter and major cation contents were important parameters. Also, the free ion metal concentration was expected to correlate with the organic matter aromaticity; however, organic compounds other than humic susbtances seem to be complexing the metals in the system. Additionally, no clear correlation could be found between metal accumulation in gills and any of the dissolved metal species. Nonetheless, certain trends could be seen between the calculated metal species and metal accumulation in the tilapia from the suspended particles.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"30 1","pages":"23 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2018.1452635","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48005370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This study was aimed to analyze the thallium pollution and assess the potential ecological risks in the vicinity of coal mines in Henan province, China. We studied 90 surface farmland soil samples from 9 representative coal mines. The Tl concentrations were determined and the potential ecological risks were evaluated. Investigations revealed the farmland soils were modestly contaminated and the trace elements in coal mining areas transferred to the surface soils. Soil Tl contents and potential ecological risks in coal mining areas were significantly increased compared with the original soils which came from the villagers’ mud houses built 40 years ago. The soil Tl concentrations ranged from 0.25 to 0.77(mean = 0.46) mg∙kg−1, which were higher than the original level (0.42 mg∙kg−1). The potential ecological risk index of Tl ranged from 24.00 to 73.2 (mean 44.08), representing a moderate pollution level as a whole of the soils in Henan. In general, high Tl concentrations and high potential ecological risk were found around SHQ and DTG. The soil Tl concentrations exceed the original level and pose noticeable ecological risks.
{"title":"Thallium pollution and potential ecological risk in the vicinity of coal mines in Henan Province, China","authors":"Chengli Zhang, S. Ren, Hongdan Cheng, Weiping Zhang, Jianhua Ma, Chaosheng Zhang, Zhiyong Guo","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2018.1513820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2018.1513820","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study was aimed to analyze the thallium pollution and assess the potential ecological risks in the vicinity of coal mines in Henan province, China. We studied 90 surface farmland soil samples from 9 representative coal mines. The Tl concentrations were determined and the potential ecological risks were evaluated. Investigations revealed the farmland soils were modestly contaminated and the trace elements in coal mining areas transferred to the surface soils. Soil Tl contents and potential ecological risks in coal mining areas were significantly increased compared with the original soils which came from the villagers’ mud houses built 40 years ago. The soil Tl concentrations ranged from 0.25 to 0.77(mean = 0.46) mg∙kg−1, which were higher than the original level (0.42 mg∙kg−1). The potential ecological risk index of Tl ranged from 24.00 to 73.2 (mean 44.08), representing a moderate pollution level as a whole of the soils in Henan. In general, high Tl concentrations and high potential ecological risk were found around SHQ and DTG. The soil Tl concentrations exceed the original level and pose noticeable ecological risks.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"30 1","pages":"107 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2018.1513820","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48213287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2018.1518730
Xiaojing Yu, Xiaofei Tian, Yanyan Lu, Zhiguang Liu, Yanle Guo, Jianqiu Chen, Chengliang Li, Min Zhang, Y. Wan
ABSTRACT The interactive effects of straw-derived biochar and bio-based polymer-coated urea (BPCU) was examined with a pot experiment conducted in 2014 and 2015. Using a split-plot design, the main plot factor was the form of straw use and the sub-plot factor was the type of N fertilizer. The soil inorganic nitrogen (N), organic carbon and lint yield of biochar treatments were significantly higher than for straw treatments. Meanwhile, the BPCU treatments enhanced nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and yield over urea treatments. Biochar combined with BPCU resulted in the highest lint yield, 14.3–108.2% increasing over the other treatments, with NUE 27.1–63.5% increased. We attributed this superior performance to the interactive effects between BPCU’s controlled supply of N according to cotton’s N requirements and biochar’s functionalities in enhancing soil quality. Thus, the application of biochar and BPCU is a sustainable strategy to improve soil quality and increase cotton yield.
{"title":"Combined effects of straw-derived biochar and bio-based polymer-coated urea on nitrogen use efficiency and cotton yield","authors":"Xiaojing Yu, Xiaofei Tian, Yanyan Lu, Zhiguang Liu, Yanle Guo, Jianqiu Chen, Chengliang Li, Min Zhang, Y. Wan","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2018.1518730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2018.1518730","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The interactive effects of straw-derived biochar and bio-based polymer-coated urea (BPCU) was examined with a pot experiment conducted in 2014 and 2015. Using a split-plot design, the main plot factor was the form of straw use and the sub-plot factor was the type of N fertilizer. The soil inorganic nitrogen (N), organic carbon and lint yield of biochar treatments were significantly higher than for straw treatments. Meanwhile, the BPCU treatments enhanced nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and yield over urea treatments. Biochar combined with BPCU resulted in the highest lint yield, 14.3–108.2% increasing over the other treatments, with NUE 27.1–63.5% increased. We attributed this superior performance to the interactive effects between BPCU’s controlled supply of N according to cotton’s N requirements and biochar’s functionalities in enhancing soil quality. Thus, the application of biochar and BPCU is a sustainable strategy to improve soil quality and increase cotton yield.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"30 1","pages":"112 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2018.1518730","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42309564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2017.1320950
Zhongbo Yu, Xiaoyang Zhong, Cong-rong Yu, Chuanhai Wang, Peiyi Duan, Lei Wen, Yang You
Abstract Contaminated sediments, as a secondary pollution source in rivers and lakes, are of critical importance to water quality. More and more attention thus has been paid to understand the release mechanisms of nutrients from river sediments, especially in estuary and water transfer areas. In this work, flume experiments were conducted to measure the release characteristics of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and nitrogen (TDN) from sediments collected from a river bed near Lake Tai under various flow conditions. The release of TDP and TDN was the most dramatic in the initial 30 min, then slowed down from 30 to 60 min, and finally achieved equilibria. Total amount of TDP and TDN released and their equilibrium concentrations were all significantly increased with the increase of flow rate, but slow down after a critical velocity was reached, which could be described as a Logarithmic relationship. A process-based mathematical model was established to describe the distribution of nutrients in the water columns and model simulations matched experimental data well. The re-suspension of sediments induced by flow rate higher than the threshold, is the dominant process affecting nutrient release from sediments.
{"title":"Characteristics of nutrient release from sediments under different flow conditions","authors":"Zhongbo Yu, Xiaoyang Zhong, Cong-rong Yu, Chuanhai Wang, Peiyi Duan, Lei Wen, Yang You","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2017.1320950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2017.1320950","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Contaminated sediments, as a secondary pollution source in rivers and lakes, are of critical importance to water quality. More and more attention thus has been paid to understand the release mechanisms of nutrients from river sediments, especially in estuary and water transfer areas. In this work, flume experiments were conducted to measure the release characteristics of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and nitrogen (TDN) from sediments collected from a river bed near Lake Tai under various flow conditions. The release of TDP and TDN was the most dramatic in the initial 30 min, then slowed down from 30 to 60 min, and finally achieved equilibria. Total amount of TDP and TDN released and their equilibrium concentrations were all significantly increased with the increase of flow rate, but slow down after a critical velocity was reached, which could be described as a Logarithmic relationship. A process-based mathematical model was established to describe the distribution of nutrients in the water columns and model simulations matched experimental data well. The re-suspension of sediments induced by flow rate higher than the threshold, is the dominant process affecting nutrient release from sediments.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"29 1","pages":"70 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2017.1320950","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48501687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2016.1247656
P. Ray, S. Datta
Abstract Solubility of metal in contaminated soils is a key factor which controls the phytoavailability and toxic effects of metals on soil environment. The chemical equilibria of metal ions between soil solution and solid phases govern the solubility of metals in soil. Hence, an attempt was made to identify the probable solid phases (minerals), which govern the solubility of Zn2+ and Cd2+ in zinc smelter effluent-irrigated soils. Estimation of free ion activities of Zn2+ (pZn2+) and Cd2+ (pCd2+) by Baker soil test indicated that metal ion activities were higher in smelter effluent-irrigated soils as compared to that in tubewell water-irrigated soils. Identification of solid phases further reveals that free ion activity of Zn2+ and Cd2+ in soil highly contaminated with Zn and Cd due to long-term irrigation with zinc smelter effluent is limited by the solubility of willemite (Zn2SiO4) in equilibrium with quartz and octavite (CdCO3), respectively. However, in case of tubewell water-irrigated soil, franklinite (ZnFe2O4) in equilibrium with soil-Fe and exchangeable Cd are likely to govern the activity of Zn2+ and Cd2+ in soil solution, respectively. Formation of highly soluble minerals namely, willemite and octavite indicates the potential ecological risk of Zn and Cd, respectively in smelter effluent irrigated soil.
{"title":"Solid phase speciation of Zn and Cd in zinc smelter effluent-irrigated soils","authors":"P. Ray, S. Datta","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2016.1247656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2016.1247656","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Solubility of metal in contaminated soils is a key factor which controls the phytoavailability and toxic effects of metals on soil environment. The chemical equilibria of metal ions between soil solution and solid phases govern the solubility of metals in soil. Hence, an attempt was made to identify the probable solid phases (minerals), which govern the solubility of Zn2+ and Cd2+ in zinc smelter effluent-irrigated soils. Estimation of free ion activities of Zn2+ (pZn2+) and Cd2+ (pCd2+) by Baker soil test indicated that metal ion activities were higher in smelter effluent-irrigated soils as compared to that in tubewell water-irrigated soils. Identification of solid phases further reveals that free ion activity of Zn2+ and Cd2+ in soil highly contaminated with Zn and Cd due to long-term irrigation with zinc smelter effluent is limited by the solubility of willemite (Zn2SiO4) in equilibrium with quartz and octavite (CdCO3), respectively. However, in case of tubewell water-irrigated soil, franklinite (ZnFe2O4) in equilibrium with soil-Fe and exchangeable Cd are likely to govern the activity of Zn2+ and Cd2+ in soil solution, respectively. Formation of highly soluble minerals namely, willemite and octavite indicates the potential ecological risk of Zn and Cd, respectively in smelter effluent irrigated soil.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"29 1","pages":"14 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2016.1247656","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44737706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2017.1339573
S. Miao, Weilin Chen, W. Tao, Wen-Hong Dai, Liandi Long, Jinling Huang
Abstract Salinity levels and drought status of coastal wetlands may be strongly affected by climate change, and changes in the nitrogen cycle of mangrove wetlands may also be affected. We established combinations of three salinity and water levels with applied stable isotope 15N to study the δ15N distributions in the sediment and plants of a greenhouse-based simulated mangrove Aegiceras corniculatum wetland system. The stable isotope 13C and 15N, C and N contents and the C:N ratio were determined. Results showed that increasing in salinity significantly increased the δ13C value in plant organs. The δ15N value of plant organs increased with increasing water level in low salinity (10‰) and medium salinity (20‰) treatment groups but not in the high salinity (30‰) treatment group. This may attributed to A. corniculatum adjusting the δ15N distribution in different organs in response to high salinity stress. Compared to the δ13C, the δ15N values of plant were strongly affected by salinity and water level treatments, indicating that the behavior of N cycle was somewhat different than the C cycle, and affected by the combined effects of both salinity and water level. Most of 15N absorbed by plant tissues were in leaves except for the highest salinity and high water level treatment, showing at increasing water level, the proportion of 15N increased in root. Overall, the measured indicators exhibited different responses to salinity level and water level, suggesting that the changes in salinity and water levels have an impact on N cycling processes of wetland systems.
{"title":"Application of stable isotopes to examine N proportions within a simulated Aegiceras corniculatum wetland","authors":"S. Miao, Weilin Chen, W. Tao, Wen-Hong Dai, Liandi Long, Jinling Huang","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2017.1339573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2017.1339573","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Salinity levels and drought status of coastal wetlands may be strongly affected by climate change, and changes in the nitrogen cycle of mangrove wetlands may also be affected. We established combinations of three salinity and water levels with applied stable isotope 15N to study the δ15N distributions in the sediment and plants of a greenhouse-based simulated mangrove Aegiceras corniculatum wetland system. The stable isotope 13C and 15N, C and N contents and the C:N ratio were determined. Results showed that increasing in salinity significantly increased the δ13C value in plant organs. The δ15N value of plant organs increased with increasing water level in low salinity (10‰) and medium salinity (20‰) treatment groups but not in the high salinity (30‰) treatment group. This may attributed to A. corniculatum adjusting the δ15N distribution in different organs in response to high salinity stress. Compared to the δ13C, the δ15N values of plant were strongly affected by salinity and water level treatments, indicating that the behavior of N cycle was somewhat different than the C cycle, and affected by the combined effects of both salinity and water level. Most of 15N absorbed by plant tissues were in leaves except for the highest salinity and high water level treatment, showing at increasing water level, the proportion of 15N increased in root. Overall, the measured indicators exhibited different responses to salinity level and water level, suggesting that the changes in salinity and water levels have an impact on N cycling processes of wetland systems.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"29 1","pages":"109 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2017.1339573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44942005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2016.1252692
Liqiang Cui, Tianming Chen, C. Ding, Zhaoxia Li, Jinlong Yan, Yang Liu, Xian Niu, Aihui Chen, Wenjun Yang
Abstract Long-term irrigation using wastewater from paper industry may cause seriously problems to the receiving soil. This work surveyed and monitored the soil quality of a wastewater irrigation wetland system in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province in China in 2014 and 2015. Τhe wetland soil showed different soil properties and TX, AOX, heavy metal contents after long-term wastewater irrigation. Long-term irrigation also accumulated the heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb in the wetland soil. Compared to the control, TX in the irrigated soil increased by 47.7–69.8% (2014) and 61.5–83.1% (2015). AOX varied in concentration from 1.7 to 55.0 mg kg−1 (2014) and 11.0 to 53.0 mg kg−1 (2015). The long-term irrigation of wastewater to wetland systems caused the accumulations of heavy metals, TX, and AOX in the soil and the levels of accumulations were related to several factors including soil properties, wastewater quality, and irrigation time.
摘要长期利用造纸废水进行灌溉，会对受水土壤造成严重的污染。本研究于2014年和2015年对江苏省盐城市污水灌溉湿地系统土壤质量进行了调查和监测。Τhe湿地土壤经长期废水灌溉后呈现出不同的土壤性质和TX、AOX、重金属含量。长期灌溉还积累了湿地土壤中的Cu、Cd、Zn、Pb等重金属。与对照相比，灌溉土壤TX分别增加了47.7 ~ 69.8%(2014年)和61.5 ~ 83.1%(2015年)。AOX的浓度变化范围为1.7 - 55.0 mg kg - 1(2014年)和11.0 - 53.0 mg kg - 1(2015年)。长期向湿地系统灌溉废水导致土壤中重金属、TX和AOX的积累，其积累水平与土壤性质、废水水质和灌溉时间等因素有关。
{"title":"Spatial distribution of total halogenated organic compounds (TX), adsorbable organic halogens (AOX), and heavy metals in wetland soil irrigated with pulp and paper wastewater","authors":"Liqiang Cui, Tianming Chen, C. Ding, Zhaoxia Li, Jinlong Yan, Yang Liu, Xian Niu, Aihui Chen, Wenjun Yang","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2016.1252692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2016.1252692","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Long-term irrigation using wastewater from paper industry may cause seriously problems to the receiving soil. This work surveyed and monitored the soil quality of a wastewater irrigation wetland system in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province in China in 2014 and 2015. Τhe wetland soil showed different soil properties and TX, AOX, heavy metal contents after long-term wastewater irrigation. Long-term irrigation also accumulated the heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb in the wetland soil. Compared to the control, TX in the irrigated soil increased by 47.7–69.8% (2014) and 61.5–83.1% (2015). AOX varied in concentration from 1.7 to 55.0 mg kg−1 (2014) and 11.0 to 53.0 mg kg−1 (2015). The long-term irrigation of wastewater to wetland systems caused the accumulations of heavy metals, TX, and AOX in the soil and the levels of accumulations were related to several factors including soil properties, wastewater quality, and irrigation time.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"29 1","pages":"15 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2016.1252692","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45173675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2017.1287549
A. Soremi, M. Adetunji, J. Azeez, C. Adejuyigbe, J. Bodunde
Abstract Availability of soil phosphorus (P) is a function of its dynamics and can be improved by using organic amendments. Experiments were carried out to determine the effect of poultry manure (PM) on soil P fractions and bioavailability to soybean (Glycine max). Soils from ten farmers’ fields in Southwest Nigeria, were used for incubation and pot experiments. Treatments were five rates of PM (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 t ha−1). Triplicate units in incubation and pot experiments were arranged in Completely Randomised Design. Soybean was grown for three consecutive growth cycles of seven weeks each and soil samples were analysed for Saloid P, Al-P, Fe-P, Ca-P, occluded P, reductant soluble P, and residual P. Results indicated that Fe-P was the dominant active inorganic P in the soils while residual P was the dominant inactive inorganic-P in most of the soils. In the pot experiment, application of poultry manure significantly increased organic P in the soils in the first growth cycle, but decreased slightly in second growth cycle. Highest and lowest (P ≤ 0.05) organic P values were observed in soil samples from Ayetoro and Odeda, respectively. In the pot experiment, application of PM reduced P fixation and occluded P fraction in the soils. There was general increase in available P in most of the soils considered despite increase or decrease in other forms of P. Poultry manure reduced the fixation of P and release of occluded phosphorus. Generally, Poultry manure significantly improved soil P fractions and plant P tissue concentrations.
土壤磷素有效性是一个动态函数，可以通过有机改良剂来改善。本试验旨在研究禽粪(PM)对土壤磷组分和大豆(甘氨酸max)生物有效性的影响。来自尼日利亚西南部10个农民田地的土壤被用于培养和盆栽试验。5种浓度的PM处理(0、2.5、5.0、7.5和10 t / h - 1)。孵育和盆栽试验的三个重复单位采用完全随机设计。大豆连续生长3个生长周期，每个生长周期为7周，并对土壤样品进行了碱态磷、铝磷、铁磷、钙磷、封闭磷、还原性可溶性磷和残余磷的分析。结果表明，大多数土壤中铁磷是主要的活性无机磷，而残余磷是主要的非活性无机磷。在盆栽试验中，施用禽粪显著提高了第一个生长周期土壤中有机磷的含量，但在第二个生长周期中略有下降。Ayetoro和Odeda土壤样品有机磷含量最高，P≤0.05。在盆栽试验中，施用PM降低了土壤的固磷和封闭的磷组分。尽管其他形式的磷有增减，但大多数土壤的速效磷总体呈增加趋势。禽粪降低了磷的固定和封闭磷的释放。总体而言，禽畜粪便显著提高了土壤磷组分和植物磷组织浓度。
{"title":"Speciation and dynamics of phosphorus in some organically amended soils of southwestern Nigeria","authors":"A. Soremi, M. Adetunji, J. Azeez, C. Adejuyigbe, J. Bodunde","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2017.1287549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2017.1287549","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Availability of soil phosphorus (P) is a function of its dynamics and can be improved by using organic amendments. Experiments were carried out to determine the effect of poultry manure (PM) on soil P fractions and bioavailability to soybean (Glycine max). Soils from ten farmers’ fields in Southwest Nigeria, were used for incubation and pot experiments. Treatments were five rates of PM (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 t ha−1). Triplicate units in incubation and pot experiments were arranged in Completely Randomised Design. Soybean was grown for three consecutive growth cycles of seven weeks each and soil samples were analysed for Saloid P, Al-P, Fe-P, Ca-P, occluded P, reductant soluble P, and residual P. Results indicated that Fe-P was the dominant active inorganic P in the soils while residual P was the dominant inactive inorganic-P in most of the soils. In the pot experiment, application of poultry manure significantly increased organic P in the soils in the first growth cycle, but decreased slightly in second growth cycle. Highest and lowest (P ≤ 0.05) organic P values were observed in soil samples from Ayetoro and Odeda, respectively. In the pot experiment, application of PM reduced P fixation and occluded P fraction in the soils. There was general increase in available P in most of the soils considered despite increase or decrease in other forms of P. Poultry manure reduced the fixation of P and release of occluded phosphorus. Generally, Poultry manure significantly improved soil P fractions and plant P tissue concentrations.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"29 1","pages":"42 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2017.1287549","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47598271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：