Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2022.2157334
Habiba Ferchichi, A. St‐Hilaire, Laureline Berthot, D. Caissie
Abstract The increasing global water demand and climate change put freshwater resources and riverine ecosystems at risk of increasing scarcity and conflict in water usage. Stream biota may be confronted with increasing stressful aquatic habitat conditions due in part to increasing water temperatures. In response to these issues, environmental flows play a crucial role in flow assessment, water resource management and the protection of aquatic biota. Environmental flows (eflows), also known as instream flow requirements, refer to the amount of water needed in rivers to maintain a balanced aquatic ecosystem. Recently, the inclusion of river temperature in the assessment of eflows has raised interest, especially in the context of climate change and dam operations, which are altering the river thermal regimes and affecting aquatic habitat. This study focuses on hydrological metrics that can be used to prescribe eflows in Atlantic Canada and Quebec (Eastern Canada). Eflow analyses were conducted jointly with the analyses of river temperatures at 61 sites. The results show that summer environmental flow metrics can be associated with relatively high water temperatures during a period when water withdrawals may be important. Classifying rivers according to their thermal regime during summer low flow periods prior to prescribing an eflow target is therefore recommended.
{"title":"Augmenting environmental flow information with water temperature: case study in Eastern Canada","authors":"Habiba Ferchichi, A. St‐Hilaire, Laureline Berthot, D. Caissie","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2022.2157334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2022.2157334","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The increasing global water demand and climate change put freshwater resources and riverine ecosystems at risk of increasing scarcity and conflict in water usage. Stream biota may be confronted with increasing stressful aquatic habitat conditions due in part to increasing water temperatures. In response to these issues, environmental flows play a crucial role in flow assessment, water resource management and the protection of aquatic biota. Environmental flows (eflows), also known as instream flow requirements, refer to the amount of water needed in rivers to maintain a balanced aquatic ecosystem. Recently, the inclusion of river temperature in the assessment of eflows has raised interest, especially in the context of climate change and dam operations, which are altering the river thermal regimes and affecting aquatic habitat. This study focuses on hydrological metrics that can be used to prescribe eflows in Atlantic Canada and Quebec (Eastern Canada). Eflow analyses were conducted jointly with the analyses of river temperatures at 61 sites. The results show that summer environmental flow metrics can be associated with relatively high water temperatures during a period when water withdrawals may be important. Classifying rivers according to their thermal regime during summer low flow periods prior to prescribing an eflow target is therefore recommended.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"111 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41889382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2022.2154170
Samantha A. Kerr, Y. Andreichuk, D. Sauchyn
Abstract The North and South Saskatchewan River sub-basins comprise the Saskatchewan River Basin (SRB), which originates in the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains of Alberta (Canada) and Montana (USA), extending across the vast landscape of three Canadian Provinces. The SRB is the most populated region of the Northern Great Plains, where water demands from agriculture, industry, and municipalities can be a substantial proportion of supply during periods of low flow and hydrological drought. Changing climatic conditions and shifts between periods of extreme wet and dry weather emphasize the need for a better understanding of past and future seasonal variability of the surface water balance within and between the sub-basins. Climate extremes, such as hydrological drought and excessive moisture conditions occurring simultaneously can create detrimental effects. Using a multi-species network of over 80 tree-ring chronologies, warm (May through August) and cool (December through April) season streamflow (1400–2018) were independently reconstructed for the North and South Saskatchewan River sub-basins. Departures from seasonal flow and spectral and wavelet analyses of the reconstructions indicate significant variability at inter-annual and multi-decadal scales.
{"title":"Comparing paleo reconstructions of warm and cool season streamflow (1400–2018) for the North and South Saskatchewan River sub-basins, Western Canada","authors":"Samantha A. Kerr, Y. Andreichuk, D. Sauchyn","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2022.2154170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2022.2154170","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The North and South Saskatchewan River sub-basins comprise the Saskatchewan River Basin (SRB), which originates in the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains of Alberta (Canada) and Montana (USA), extending across the vast landscape of three Canadian Provinces. The SRB is the most populated region of the Northern Great Plains, where water demands from agriculture, industry, and municipalities can be a substantial proportion of supply during periods of low flow and hydrological drought. Changing climatic conditions and shifts between periods of extreme wet and dry weather emphasize the need for a better understanding of past and future seasonal variability of the surface water balance within and between the sub-basins. Climate extremes, such as hydrological drought and excessive moisture conditions occurring simultaneously can create detrimental effects. Using a multi-species network of over 80 tree-ring chronologies, warm (May through August) and cool (December through April) season streamflow (1400–2018) were independently reconstructed for the North and South Saskatchewan River sub-basins. Departures from seasonal flow and spectral and wavelet analyses of the reconstructions indicate significant variability at inter-annual and multi-decadal scales.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"50 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45416984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2022.2140604
A. Daigle, C. Boyer, Arthur Légaré
Abstract A comprehensive picture of the spatial and temporal patterns of river thermal regimes requires temperature recorded over continuous long time series and across various environments. Unfortunately, these data are generally scarce in extended areas. In Canada, the first attempt to a general large-scale characterization of river thermal regimes was done using a standardized three-parameter Gaussian function and continuous temperature records collected in 158 Québec rivers. This model provided estimates of the river temperature annual maximum, the date of the annual maximum occurrence and the duration of the warm season, with confidence intervals linked to the duration of the available time series. This resulting thermal map was however limited spatially by the geographical location of the monitoring stations, restricted to the eastern portion of the province. It was also based on relatively short and recent temperature series, with most records shorter than five years and starting after 2010. In this work, we expanded both the space and time spans of the Québec rivers thermal map by adding new temperature data sources, namely satellite thermal data and spot measurements. Satellite data provided thermal information in remote northern regions where in situ data acquisition is difficult, from early 1980s until today. Spot measurements from the Banque de données sur la qualité des milieux aquatiques allowed to add nearly 250 rivers to the Québec thermal regimes characterization, with several stations operating since 1979. These three data sources were combined to characterize Québec rivers thermal regimes in more than 400 rivers and streams, over an extended geographical distribution. Uncertainty brought by the coarser temporal resolution of the spot and combined time series was assessed and found to result in substantially larger confidence intervals on the estimated model parameters, as compared with the confidence intervals obtained when using continuous time series of similar length.
为了全面了解河流热状态的时空格局，需要在连续的长时间序列和不同的环境中记录温度。不幸的是，这些数据在广泛的地区通常是稀缺的。在加拿大，利用标准化的三参数高斯函数和在158条曲海流域收集的连续温度记录，首次尝试对河流热状态进行一般的大规模表征。该模型提供了河流年最高温度、年最高温度发生日期和暖季持续时间的估计，其置信区间与可用时间序列的持续时间有关。然而，由此产生的热图在空间上受到监测站地理位置的限制，监测站仅限于该省东部。它还基于相对较短和最近的温度序列，大多数记录都不到五年，而且是从2010年以后开始的。在这项工作中，我们通过增加新的温度数据源，即卫星热数据和现场测量，扩大了曲海热图的空间和时间跨度。从1980年代初到今天，卫星数据提供了难以获得现场数据的偏远北部地区的热信息。从Banque de donnsames sur la qualit des milieux aquatiques进行的现场测量允许将近250条河流添加到quacimbec热状态表征中，其中几个站点自1979年以来一直在运行。将这三个数据来源结合起来，在扩大的地理分布范围内描述了400多条河流和溪流的曲海河热状态。对现场和组合时间序列的较粗时间分辨率带来的不确定性进行了评估，发现与使用相似长度的连续时间序列获得的置信区间相比，估计模型参数的置信区间要大得多。
{"title":"Modeling of the thermal regime of rivers subject to seasonal ice cover using data from different sources and temporal resolutions","authors":"A. Daigle, C. Boyer, Arthur Légaré","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2022.2140604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2022.2140604","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A comprehensive picture of the spatial and temporal patterns of river thermal regimes requires temperature recorded over continuous long time series and across various environments. Unfortunately, these data are generally scarce in extended areas. In Canada, the first attempt to a general large-scale characterization of river thermal regimes was done using a standardized three-parameter Gaussian function and continuous temperature records collected in 158 Québec rivers. This model provided estimates of the river temperature annual maximum, the date of the annual maximum occurrence and the duration of the warm season, with confidence intervals linked to the duration of the available time series. This resulting thermal map was however limited spatially by the geographical location of the monitoring stations, restricted to the eastern portion of the province. It was also based on relatively short and recent temperature series, with most records shorter than five years and starting after 2010. In this work, we expanded both the space and time spans of the Québec rivers thermal map by adding new temperature data sources, namely satellite thermal data and spot measurements. Satellite data provided thermal information in remote northern regions where in situ data acquisition is difficult, from early 1980s until today. Spot measurements from the Banque de données sur la qualité des milieux aquatiques allowed to add nearly 250 rivers to the Québec thermal regimes characterization, with several stations operating since 1979. These three data sources were combined to characterize Québec rivers thermal regimes in more than 400 rivers and streams, over an extended geographical distribution. Uncertainty brought by the coarser temporal resolution of the spot and combined time series was assessed and found to result in substantially larger confidence intervals on the estimated model parameters, as compared with the confidence intervals obtained when using continuous time series of similar length.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"132 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48623540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2022.2122084
Kayla J. Lucier, S. Dickson-Anderson, Derek Skead, Kathleen Skead, Effie Kosmas, C. Schuster-Wallace
Abstract In many Indigenous communities, the wellbeing of waterways correlates to the health of the population that it supports. However, current laws and water governance systems often fail to protect water sources and jeopardizes health and wellbeing, particularly in Indigenous communities. This study, curated by an Anishinaabe First Nations community located in Ontario on the Lake of the Woods (LOTW), was designed to detail the varying impacts of adverse water quality on people in the community. A community-based participatory research approach included interviews with Elders and key informants to understand lived experiences of adverse water quality, sources of pollution, and individual and community impacts. Key findings revealed changes in water quality within and between years, with water quality degrading over time. Further, changes in water quality were associated with changes in the community’s health, food sources, and activities. Finally, a paternalistic colonial history between Indigenous people and the Government of Canada continues to resonate and cause strained jurisdictional relations between the two groups. Opportunities and future water stewardship strategies require the active participation and inclusion of Indigenous people in policymaking, programming, and water management. As proposed by the LOTW community, this includes improving water quality monitoring, upgrading septic systems in the community, reintroducing wild rice to the shorelines, and creating water activities programming for Indigenous youth.
{"title":"‘That water out there is no damn good for anybody’: Experiences with declining water quality in a First Nation community","authors":"Kayla J. Lucier, S. Dickson-Anderson, Derek Skead, Kathleen Skead, Effie Kosmas, C. Schuster-Wallace","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2022.2122084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2022.2122084","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In many Indigenous communities, the wellbeing of waterways correlates to the health of the population that it supports. However, current laws and water governance systems often fail to protect water sources and jeopardizes health and wellbeing, particularly in Indigenous communities. This study, curated by an Anishinaabe First Nations community located in Ontario on the Lake of the Woods (LOTW), was designed to detail the varying impacts of adverse water quality on people in the community. A community-based participatory research approach included interviews with Elders and key informants to understand lived experiences of adverse water quality, sources of pollution, and individual and community impacts. Key findings revealed changes in water quality within and between years, with water quality degrading over time. Further, changes in water quality were associated with changes in the community’s health, food sources, and activities. Finally, a paternalistic colonial history between Indigenous people and the Government of Canada continues to resonate and cause strained jurisdictional relations between the two groups. Opportunities and future water stewardship strategies require the active participation and inclusion of Indigenous people in policymaking, programming, and water management. As proposed by the LOTW community, this includes improving water quality monitoring, upgrading septic systems in the community, reintroducing wild rice to the shorelines, and creating water activities programming for Indigenous youth.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"18 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44830635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2022.2129093
N. Wright, T. Hatfield
Abstract Groundwater abstraction from pumping wells can reduce the flows and water levels of hydraulically connected surface waters, which can affect aquatic communities and water rights of other users. Four pump tests were implemented in the 2016 summer low-flow period to measure groundwater pumping effects to Chemainus River surface water flow and temperature. The effect of pumping on surface flow was estimated using four metrics based on differences between measured and predicted flow at a hydrometric gauge located 340 m from the groundwater wells. Differences were estimated as residuals from a regression model relating flow at this gauge to flow at a gauge 1.3 km upstream of the wells. The effect of pumping on surface water temperature was assessed using daily maximum and daily average water temperature at gauges located 340 m and 1.4 km downstream of the wells. An effect of pumping on river flow was measurable when the pumps were turned on and shut off. The consistency of measured effects across all tests and the absence of discernable trends within and across tests indicate that the average effect of pumping across a broader period is equivalent to the average of all before and after comparisons, which was estimated as 9.9 L/s ± 12.1 L/s, or 5.5% of river discharge at the time of the tests. Groundwater pumping did not result in a detectable shift in water temperature. The results indicate that changes in water temperature in relation to the pump tests were smaller in magnitude or spatial scale than the detection limits of the implemented experimental design. This case study provides an example of quantification of pumping effects on stream flow and temperature, as required by the Water Sustainability Act for licensing of groundwater abstraction. We suggest this approach could be used elsewhere to quantify effects of groundwater abstraction.
{"title":"An empirical test of groundwater pumping effects on river flow and temperature: Chemainus River case study","authors":"N. Wright, T. Hatfield","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2022.2129093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2022.2129093","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Groundwater abstraction from pumping wells can reduce the flows and water levels of hydraulically connected surface waters, which can affect aquatic communities and water rights of other users. Four pump tests were implemented in the 2016 summer low-flow period to measure groundwater pumping effects to Chemainus River surface water flow and temperature. The effect of pumping on surface flow was estimated using four metrics based on differences between measured and predicted flow at a hydrometric gauge located 340 m from the groundwater wells. Differences were estimated as residuals from a regression model relating flow at this gauge to flow at a gauge 1.3 km upstream of the wells. The effect of pumping on surface water temperature was assessed using daily maximum and daily average water temperature at gauges located 340 m and 1.4 km downstream of the wells. An effect of pumping on river flow was measurable when the pumps were turned on and shut off. The consistency of measured effects across all tests and the absence of discernable trends within and across tests indicate that the average effect of pumping across a broader period is equivalent to the average of all before and after comparisons, which was estimated as 9.9 L/s ± 12.1 L/s, or 5.5% of river discharge at the time of the tests. Groundwater pumping did not result in a detectable shift in water temperature. The results indicate that changes in water temperature in relation to the pump tests were smaller in magnitude or spatial scale than the detection limits of the implemented experimental design. This case study provides an example of quantification of pumping effects on stream flow and temperature, as required by the Water Sustainability Act for licensing of groundwater abstraction. We suggest this approach could be used elsewhere to quantify effects of groundwater abstraction.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"33 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45356687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2022.2122083
Chris Gouett-Hanna, Greg Oulahen, Daniel Henstra, Jason Thistlethwaite
Abstract Flood risk is increasing in many urban regions in Canada. Flood risk is the product of interaction between a flood hazard, the exposure of built assets, and the vulnerability of people to flood impacts. Flood risk assessment seeks to quantify each of these factors for a geographic space to identify areas with greater risk, which can inform public- and private-sector decision making. This study conducts a flood risk assessment of Metro Vancouver in British Columbia using only government-provided open data. It finds that flood hazards and social vulnerability are uneven across the study area, and it reveals inequity in open data access and quality between municipalities. It concludes that more standardized or centralized provision of open data could better support flood risk analysis in Metro Vancouver, which could inform flood management and help to reduce local risk.
{"title":"Flood risk assessment data access and equity in Metro Vancouver","authors":"Chris Gouett-Hanna, Greg Oulahen, Daniel Henstra, Jason Thistlethwaite","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2022.2122083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2022.2122083","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Flood risk is increasing in many urban regions in Canada. Flood risk is the product of interaction between a flood hazard, the exposure of built assets, and the vulnerability of people to flood impacts. Flood risk assessment seeks to quantify each of these factors for a geographic space to identify areas with greater risk, which can inform public- and private-sector decision making. This study conducts a flood risk assessment of Metro Vancouver in British Columbia using only government-provided open data. It finds that flood hazards and social vulnerability are uneven across the study area, and it reveals inequity in open data access and quality between municipalities. It concludes that more standardized or centralized provision of open data could better support flood risk analysis in Metro Vancouver, which could inform flood management and help to reduce local risk.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"202 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44184427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2022.2113917
P. Gatien, R. Arsenault, J. Martel, A. St‐Hilaire
Abstract It has become apparent in recent decades that river water temperature can have immediate and lasting impacts on aquatic organisms and their lotic habitat. In rivers that are dammed, there is an opportunity and a responsibility to regulate flows in order to control these temperatures to ensure the survival of the fish and other aquatic life. This paper uses a physically based hydraulic model (HEC-RAS) to run a water temperature component, allowing the thermal model to simulate water temperatures at the same hourly time step as the hydraulic model in a data-sparse region using two meteorological reanalysis datasets (ERA5 and ERA5-Land) as inputs allowing for a full representation of the diurnal cycle. This was achieved by making use of the HEC-RAS controller to automate the calibration and subsequent simulation processes. Results show that these products are able to provide high-quality thermal simulations on a 200 km river system in British Columbia, Canada, obtaining mean absolute errors in validation of 0.66 °C and a root mean square error of 0.84 °C. Some of the boundary conditions seemed to have little effect on downstream water temperatures. This is due to the measured point of interest being far enough downstream of the dam that a thermal equilibrium is reached well before. Simulations using shorter river reaches confirm that long lakes in the study region contribute to the thermal equilibrium being attained. There also seems to be a limit to the advantage conveyed by increased spatial density of the data, as results indicate a form of skill plateau after a certain input data density is attained.
{"title":"Using the ERA5 and ERA5-Land reanalysis datasets for river water temperature modelling in a data-scarce region","authors":"P. Gatien, R. Arsenault, J. Martel, A. St‐Hilaire","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2022.2113917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2022.2113917","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It has become apparent in recent decades that river water temperature can have immediate and lasting impacts on aquatic organisms and their lotic habitat. In rivers that are dammed, there is an opportunity and a responsibility to regulate flows in order to control these temperatures to ensure the survival of the fish and other aquatic life. This paper uses a physically based hydraulic model (HEC-RAS) to run a water temperature component, allowing the thermal model to simulate water temperatures at the same hourly time step as the hydraulic model in a data-sparse region using two meteorological reanalysis datasets (ERA5 and ERA5-Land) as inputs allowing for a full representation of the diurnal cycle. This was achieved by making use of the HEC-RAS controller to automate the calibration and subsequent simulation processes. Results show that these products are able to provide high-quality thermal simulations on a 200 km river system in British Columbia, Canada, obtaining mean absolute errors in validation of 0.66 °C and a root mean square error of 0.84 °C. Some of the boundary conditions seemed to have little effect on downstream water temperatures. This is due to the measured point of interest being far enough downstream of the dam that a thermal equilibrium is reached well before. Simulations using shorter river reaches confirm that long lakes in the study region contribute to the thermal equilibrium being attained. There also seems to be a limit to the advantage conveyed by increased spatial density of the data, as results indicate a form of skill plateau after a certain input data density is attained.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"93 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43843370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2022.2113143
B. Mitchell, N. Watson, D. Shrubsole
In our previous Commentary (Mitchell, Shrubsole, and Watson 2021), we examined the role of the conservation authorities (CAs) in Ontario. We considered whether CAs would end or evolve, or reach an interlude or epiphany following changes to their regulatory functions and rules of conduct proposed by the Ontario provincial government. As is common throughout Canada and many other democratic countries, in Ontario members of elected provincial governments have the power to propose new or amended legislation. Such proposals are then scrutinized and debated via provincial parliamentary procedures, resulting in decisions to accept, amend or reject the proposed legislation or regulations. Legislative and regulatory proposals are, in part, about substantive details—in this case, the operation of the CAs. However, such proposals are also about the promotion of political ideas and ideologies—such as the importance of economic development and the balance to be struck against environmental and social concerns, and also views regarding the appropriate organization of government and the use or power. Our previous Commentary covered experience of the CAs from their founding in the mid-1940s until the end of 2020. We noted that the Ontario government in December 2020 had created a Working Group to identify acceptable changes for the future role of conservation authorities. Prior to this, provincial government proposals had been met with a mix of support and opposition from CAs and other organizations with interests in resource conservation and development. The Working Group was directed to provide advice on proposed regulations under the Conservation Authorities Act, and also advice about how conservation authorities are governed, with particular regard to: (1) mandatory core programs and services conservation authorities would provide, (2) agreements between municipalities and conservation authorities and the transition period associated with conservation authorities providing non-mandatory programs and services, and (3) how local members of the community can better participate in their conservation authorities through community advisory boards (Ontario and Environmental Registry of Ontario 2021). In this follow-up Commentary, we examine the position taken by the provincial Conservative Government as expressed in reports published late in 2021 and in January 2022. The details covered in the two reports , and the potential impacts or implications for resource conservation and management in Ontario are considered below.
{"title":"Commentary: Prescribed future pathway for Ontario conservation authorities: regulatory impacts and implications","authors":"B. Mitchell, N. Watson, D. Shrubsole","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2022.2113143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2022.2113143","url":null,"abstract":"In our previous Commentary (Mitchell, Shrubsole, and Watson 2021), we examined the role of the conservation authorities (CAs) in Ontario. We considered whether CAs would end or evolve, or reach an interlude or epiphany following changes to their regulatory functions and rules of conduct proposed by the Ontario provincial government. As is common throughout Canada and many other democratic countries, in Ontario members of elected provincial governments have the power to propose new or amended legislation. Such proposals are then scrutinized and debated via provincial parliamentary procedures, resulting in decisions to accept, amend or reject the proposed legislation or regulations. Legislative and regulatory proposals are, in part, about substantive details—in this case, the operation of the CAs. However, such proposals are also about the promotion of political ideas and ideologies—such as the importance of economic development and the balance to be struck against environmental and social concerns, and also views regarding the appropriate organization of government and the use or power. Our previous Commentary covered experience of the CAs from their founding in the mid-1940s until the end of 2020. We noted that the Ontario government in December 2020 had created a Working Group to identify acceptable changes for the future role of conservation authorities. Prior to this, provincial government proposals had been met with a mix of support and opposition from CAs and other organizations with interests in resource conservation and development. The Working Group was directed to provide advice on proposed regulations under the Conservation Authorities Act, and also advice about how conservation authorities are governed, with particular regard to: (1) mandatory core programs and services conservation authorities would provide, (2) agreements between municipalities and conservation authorities and the transition period associated with conservation authorities providing non-mandatory programs and services, and (3) how local members of the community can better participate in their conservation authorities through community advisory boards (Ontario and Environmental Registry of Ontario 2021). In this follow-up Commentary, we examine the position taken by the provincial Conservative Government as expressed in reports published late in 2021 and in January 2022. The details covered in the two reports , and the potential impacts or implications for resource conservation and management in Ontario are considered below.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"176 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43800521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2022.2108725
L. N. Tran, H. Vu, B. Hall
Abstract Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is an important component of the global carbon cycle providing ecological services such as carbon sources for microorganisms and the provision of a protective barrier between ultraviolet radiation and aquatic organisms. Our study examined the impacts of photodegradation on the optical properties of DOC in prairie wetland ponds in central Saskatchewan, Canada. Surface water was collected from two ponds with seasonal average DOC concentrations of 71.1 mg L−1 (More-DOC Pond) and 32.7 mg L−1 (Less-DOC Pond) and filtered through 1.2 µm GF/Fs into Teflon bottles transparent to UV light. Samples divided into dark and light treatments were incubated in situ at three different depths (surface, 0.25m, and 0.5 m) and collected every 2 weeks for 4 months. Excitation emission matrix scans from 300 to 800 nm and absorbance at 254 nm were measured. Absorbance at 254 nm in the More-DOC Pond and Less-DOC Pond waters decreased by 34% and 50%, respectively. Two fluorescence components were identified corresponding to previous published peaks C and M. Although bulk DOC concentrations did not show significant differences over time, fluorescence intensity of peak C decreased by 39% and 47%, and of peak M increased by 19% and 29%, in the More-DOC Pond and Less-DOC Pond, respectively. Increases in other fluorescence indicators such as fluorescence index (35% and 22%) and FRESH (29% and 30%) were also observed. Overall, terrestrial DOC from our sampling ponds became less aromatic, more aliphatic, of lower molecular weight, and lost absorptivity and fluorescence intensity after 12 weeks of incubation. Results of this study will provide a better understanding of optical characterizations and sources of DOC, and act as a foundation to further study on the role of DOC in prairie wetland ponds.
{"title":"Photosensitizing properties of dissolved organic carbon in Canadian prairie pothole wetland ponds change in response to sunlight","authors":"L. N. Tran, H. Vu, B. Hall","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2022.2108725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2022.2108725","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is an important component of the global carbon cycle providing ecological services such as carbon sources for microorganisms and the provision of a protective barrier between ultraviolet radiation and aquatic organisms. Our study examined the impacts of photodegradation on the optical properties of DOC in prairie wetland ponds in central Saskatchewan, Canada. Surface water was collected from two ponds with seasonal average DOC concentrations of 71.1 mg L−1 (More-DOC Pond) and 32.7 mg L−1 (Less-DOC Pond) and filtered through 1.2 µm GF/Fs into Teflon bottles transparent to UV light. Samples divided into dark and light treatments were incubated in situ at three different depths (surface, 0.25m, and 0.5 m) and collected every 2 weeks for 4 months. Excitation emission matrix scans from 300 to 800 nm and absorbance at 254 nm were measured. Absorbance at 254 nm in the More-DOC Pond and Less-DOC Pond waters decreased by 34% and 50%, respectively. Two fluorescence components were identified corresponding to previous published peaks C and M. Although bulk DOC concentrations did not show significant differences over time, fluorescence intensity of peak C decreased by 39% and 47%, and of peak M increased by 19% and 29%, in the More-DOC Pond and Less-DOC Pond, respectively. Increases in other fluorescence indicators such as fluorescence index (35% and 22%) and FRESH (29% and 30%) were also observed. Overall, terrestrial DOC from our sampling ponds became less aromatic, more aliphatic, of lower molecular weight, and lost absorptivity and fluorescence intensity after 12 weeks of incubation. Results of this study will provide a better understanding of optical characterizations and sources of DOC, and act as a foundation to further study on the role of DOC in prairie wetland ponds.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"184 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47790721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-17DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2022.2107435
Konstantin von Gunten, D. Trew, B. Smerdon, D. Alessi
abstract Small lakes can act as environmental sensors for understanding regional hydrogeological conditions and elemental cycles. Because of their small size, they react quickly to changes in nutrient runoff, groundwater exchange and climate. In the post-glacial landscape of Alberta, the Carvel Pitted Delta harbours a variety of small lakes, which, despite being close together, can have markedly different chemistries and nutrient characteristics. Here, we focused on nine lakes with surface areas <10 ha and maximal depths ranging from 5 to 18 m. We hypothesised that differences in their trophic states are caused by variations in Ca concentrations, controlled by groundwater inputs. All lakes tended toward permanent stratification due to small mixing depths (1.6–2.4 m). The deeper lakes were oligotrophic with high concentrations of Ca and a high fraction of phosphorus (Ca-bound P) in the sediments (HCl extractable fraction). A correlation was found between Ca-bound P and aqueous Ca concentrations at 0.5 m depth, suggesting that P stability could be estimated based on surface water chemistry. Calcium was shown to be concentrated in groundwater located above the bedrock, suggesting that groundwater inputs controlled Ca concentrations in the lakes. We conclude that the hydrogeological conditions and Ca inputs act as natural regulators for P availability and, by extension, water quality in these lakes.
{"title":"Natural controls on phosphorus concentrations in small Lakes in Central Alberta, Canada","authors":"Konstantin von Gunten, D. Trew, B. Smerdon, D. Alessi","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2022.2107435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2022.2107435","url":null,"abstract":"abstract Small lakes can act as environmental sensors for understanding regional hydrogeological conditions and elemental cycles. Because of their small size, they react quickly to changes in nutrient runoff, groundwater exchange and climate. In the post-glacial landscape of Alberta, the Carvel Pitted Delta harbours a variety of small lakes, which, despite being close together, can have markedly different chemistries and nutrient characteristics. Here, we focused on nine lakes with surface areas <10 ha and maximal depths ranging from 5 to 18 m. We hypothesised that differences in their trophic states are caused by variations in Ca concentrations, controlled by groundwater inputs. All lakes tended toward permanent stratification due to small mixing depths (1.6–2.4 m). The deeper lakes were oligotrophic with high concentrations of Ca and a high fraction of phosphorus (Ca-bound P) in the sediments (HCl extractable fraction). A correlation was found between Ca-bound P and aqueous Ca concentrations at 0.5 m depth, suggesting that P stability could be estimated based on surface water chemistry. Calcium was shown to be concentrated in groundwater located above the bedrock, suggesting that groundwater inputs controlled Ca concentrations in the lakes. We conclude that the hydrogeological conditions and Ca inputs act as natural regulators for P availability and, by extension, water quality in these lakes.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41604111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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