Pub Date : 2023-11-11DOI: 10.1007/s00445-023-01689-2
Michelle Parks, Freysteinn Sigmundsson, Vincent Drouin, Ásta R. Hjartardóttir, Halldór Geirsson, Andrew Hooper, Kristín S. Vogfjörd, Benedikt G. Ófeigsson, Sigrún Hreinsdóttir, Esther H. Jensen, Páll Einarsson, Sara Barsotti, Hildur M. Fridriksdóttir
{"title":"Correction to: Deformation, seismicity, and monitoring response preceding and during the 2022 Fagradalsfjall eruption, Iceland","authors":"Michelle Parks, Freysteinn Sigmundsson, Vincent Drouin, Ásta R. Hjartardóttir, Halldór Geirsson, Andrew Hooper, Kristín S. Vogfjörd, Benedikt G. Ófeigsson, Sigrún Hreinsdóttir, Esther H. Jensen, Páll Einarsson, Sara Barsotti, Hildur M. Fridriksdóttir","doi":"10.1007/s00445-023-01689-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-023-01689-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"12 22","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135087073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1007/s00445-023-01688-3
Federico Galetto
{"title":"Complex paths of magma propagation at Fernandina (Galápagos): The coexistence of circumferential and radial dike intrusion during the January 2020 eruption","authors":"Federico Galetto","doi":"10.1007/s00445-023-01688-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-023-01688-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":" 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-04DOI: 10.1007/s00445-023-01681-w
Kyriaki Drymoni, John Browning, Panagiotis Pomonis, Andreas Magganas
Abstract The 20th century eruptions of the Santorini volcano in Greece are the most recent activity of the volcano’s long lifespan. While the different eruptions taking place between 1925 and 1950 have traditionally been considered to exhibit similar eruptive styles, aspects of their evolution and precise information related to the individual eruption dynamics were poorly constrained. This study collates field reports and historical accounts, mainly from the Greek national scientific committee, which was assigned to study the volcanic activity in Nea Kameni Island with recent field campaigns. This analysis provides further insight into these eruptions and attempts to unravel the timing and style of explosive and effusive episodes that took place. Reconstruction of the recent geological evolution and of the eruptive history allow a more complete description of the eruption dynamics and associated unrest. These include fumarolic behaviour, explosion intensity, direction and volume of the lava flows, eruption duration, vent morphological changes (such as craters, domes, and horseshoe ramparts), textural characteristics and lava morphologies, as well as surface fracturing. Specific features related to first-hand accounts of the eruptions and associated products, in conjunction with our in situ post-eruptive geological study, allow an improved reconstruction of activity, both prior to and during the historical eruptions, which contributes to understanding the development of the eruption and enhances the forecast of potential future eruptions from patterns of precursory activity.
{"title":"Historical accounts provide insight on the geological evolution of the 20th century eruptions at Santorini volcano, Greece","authors":"Kyriaki Drymoni, John Browning, Panagiotis Pomonis, Andreas Magganas","doi":"10.1007/s00445-023-01681-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-023-01681-w","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The 20th century eruptions of the Santorini volcano in Greece are the most recent activity of the volcano’s long lifespan. While the different eruptions taking place between 1925 and 1950 have traditionally been considered to exhibit similar eruptive styles, aspects of their evolution and precise information related to the individual eruption dynamics were poorly constrained. This study collates field reports and historical accounts, mainly from the Greek national scientific committee, which was assigned to study the volcanic activity in Nea Kameni Island with recent field campaigns. This analysis provides further insight into these eruptions and attempts to unravel the timing and style of explosive and effusive episodes that took place. Reconstruction of the recent geological evolution and of the eruptive history allow a more complete description of the eruption dynamics and associated unrest. These include fumarolic behaviour, explosion intensity, direction and volume of the lava flows, eruption duration, vent morphological changes (such as craters, domes, and horseshoe ramparts), textural characteristics and lava morphologies, as well as surface fracturing. Specific features related to first-hand accounts of the eruptions and associated products, in conjunction with our in situ post-eruptive geological study, allow an improved reconstruction of activity, both prior to and during the historical eruptions, which contributes to understanding the development of the eruption and enhances the forecast of potential future eruptions from patterns of precursory activity.","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"12 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135774245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1007/s00445-023-01664-x
Jeremy Phillips, Shannon Williams, Anthony Lee, Susanna Jenkins
Abstract Probabilistic forecasting of volcanic ash dispersion involves simulating an ensemble of realistic event scenarios to estimate the probability of a particular hazard threshold being exceeded. Although the number of samples that make up the ensemble, how they are chosen, and the desired threshold all set the uncertainty of (or confidence in) the estimated exceedance probability, current practice does not quantify and communicate the uncertainty in ensemble predictions. In this study, we use standard statistical methods to estimate the variance in probabilistic ensembles and use this measure of uncertainty to assess different sampling strategies for the wind field, using the example of volcanic ash transport from a representative explosive eruption in Iceland. For stochastic (random) sampling of the wind field, we show how the variance is reduced with increasing ensemble size and how the variance depends on the desired hazard threshold and the proximity of a target site to the volcanic source. We demonstrate how estimated variances can be used to compare different ensemble designs, by comparing stochastic forecasts with forecasts obtained from a stratified sampling approach using a set of 29 Northern European weather regimes, known as Grosswetterlagen (GWL). Sampling wind fields from within the GWL regimes reduces the number of samples needed to achieve the same variance as compared to conventional stochastic sampling. Our results show that uncertainty in volcanic ash dispersion forecasts can be straightforwardly calculated and communicated, and highlight the need for the volcanic ash forecasting community and operational end-users to jointly choose acceptable levels of variance for ash forecasts in the future.
{"title":"Quantifying uncertainty in probabilistic volcanic ash hazard forecasts, with an application to weather pattern based wind field sampling","authors":"Jeremy Phillips, Shannon Williams, Anthony Lee, Susanna Jenkins","doi":"10.1007/s00445-023-01664-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-023-01664-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Probabilistic forecasting of volcanic ash dispersion involves simulating an ensemble of realistic event scenarios to estimate the probability of a particular hazard threshold being exceeded. Although the number of samples that make up the ensemble, how they are chosen, and the desired threshold all set the uncertainty of (or confidence in) the estimated exceedance probability, current practice does not quantify and communicate the uncertainty in ensemble predictions. In this study, we use standard statistical methods to estimate the variance in probabilistic ensembles and use this measure of uncertainty to assess different sampling strategies for the wind field, using the example of volcanic ash transport from a representative explosive eruption in Iceland. For stochastic (random) sampling of the wind field, we show how the variance is reduced with increasing ensemble size and how the variance depends on the desired hazard threshold and the proximity of a target site to the volcanic source. We demonstrate how estimated variances can be used to compare different ensemble designs, by comparing stochastic forecasts with forecasts obtained from a stratified sampling approach using a set of 29 Northern European weather regimes, known as Grosswetterlagen (GWL). Sampling wind fields from within the GWL regimes reduces the number of samples needed to achieve the same variance as compared to conventional stochastic sampling. Our results show that uncertainty in volcanic ash dispersion forecasts can be straightforwardly calculated and communicated, and highlight the need for the volcanic ash forecasting community and operational end-users to jointly choose acceptable levels of variance for ash forecasts in the future.","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"2020 23","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135814027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.1007/s00445-023-01682-9
Nemi Walding, Rebecca Williams, Pete Rowley, Natasha Dowey
Abstract Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are hazardous, multiphase currents of heterogeneous volcanic material and gas. Moisture (as liquid or gas) can enter a PDC through external (e.g., interaction with bodies of water) or internal (e.g., initial eruptive activity style) processes, and the presence of moisture can be recorded within distinct deposit layers. We use analogue experiments to explore the behaviour of pyroclastic material with increasing addition of moisture from 0.00–10.00% wt. Our results show that (1) the cohesivity of pyroclastic material changes with the addition of small amounts of moisture, (2) small increases in moisture content change the material properties from a free-flowing material to a non-flowable material, (3) changes in moisture can affect the formation of gas escape structures and fluidisation profiles in pyroclastic material, (4) gas flow through a deposit can lead to a moisture profile and resulting mechanical heterogeneity within the deposit and (5) where gas escape structure growth is hindered by cohesivity driven by moisture, pressure can increase and release in an explosive fashion. This work highlights how a suite of varied gas escape morphologies can form within pyroclastic deposits resulting from moisture content heterogeneity, explaining variation in gas escape structures as well as providing a potential mechanism for secondary explosions.
{"title":"Cohesional behaviours in pyroclastic material and the implications for deposit architecture","authors":"Nemi Walding, Rebecca Williams, Pete Rowley, Natasha Dowey","doi":"10.1007/s00445-023-01682-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-023-01682-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are hazardous, multiphase currents of heterogeneous volcanic material and gas. Moisture (as liquid or gas) can enter a PDC through external (e.g., interaction with bodies of water) or internal (e.g., initial eruptive activity style) processes, and the presence of moisture can be recorded within distinct deposit layers. We use analogue experiments to explore the behaviour of pyroclastic material with increasing addition of moisture from 0.00–10.00% wt. Our results show that (1) the cohesivity of pyroclastic material changes with the addition of small amounts of moisture, (2) small increases in moisture content change the material properties from a free-flowing material to a non-flowable material, (3) changes in moisture can affect the formation of gas escape structures and fluidisation profiles in pyroclastic material, (4) gas flow through a deposit can lead to a moisture profile and resulting mechanical heterogeneity within the deposit and (5) where gas escape structure growth is hindered by cohesivity driven by moisture, pressure can increase and release in an explosive fashion. This work highlights how a suite of varied gas escape morphologies can form within pyroclastic deposits resulting from moisture content heterogeneity, explaining variation in gas escape structures as well as providing a potential mechanism for secondary explosions.","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"37 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136262337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1007/s00445-023-01683-8
Manon Pouget, Yves Moussallam, Estelle F. Rose-Koga, Haraldur Sigurdsson
{"title":"A reassessment of the sulfur, chlorine and fluorine atmospheric loading during the 1815 Tambora eruption","authors":"Manon Pouget, Yves Moussallam, Estelle F. Rose-Koga, Haraldur Sigurdsson","doi":"10.1007/s00445-023-01683-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-023-01683-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"13 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134972579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1007/s00445-023-01677-6
Benjamin J. Andrews, Steve L. Quane
{"title":"Shallow storage, fragmentation depth, and eruption velocity of the 7.05 Ma Rattlesnake Tuff as indicated by breadcrust bubble ash morphology","authors":"Benjamin J. Andrews, Steve L. Quane","doi":"10.1007/s00445-023-01677-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-023-01677-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"40 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135218567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.1007/s00445-023-01666-9
Simon Bufféral, Elisabetta Panza, Stefano Mannini, Ásta Rut Hjartardóttir, Adriano Nobile, Nils Gies, Birgir Vilhelm Óskarsson, Joël Ruch
Abstract We use a comprehensive dataset of field observations, high spatial resolution drone orthomosaics and digital terrain models (DTMs) to map, quantify and characterize the extensive ground fracturing related to the 2021 seismo-tectonic and volcanic activity in the Reykjanes Peninsula (Iceland). The dataset, spans an area of about 30 km $$^2$$ 2 , where we map nearly 20 000 ground cracks with metric to decametric lengths and centimetric extensional offsets, revealing a dominant dextral shear, in agreement with published seismic data. Although striking in a direction similar to the volcanic systems in the Reykjanes Peninsula (N030–040), most fractures appear as en-échelon structures globally aligned along N-S-striking fault zones up to 3–4 km long. By examining the timing of ground fracturing through repeated field observations, seismic data and InSAR images, we associate a fracture zone with most earthquakes of M $$_omega ge 5.0$$ ω≥5.0 that occurred in the month preceding the March 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption. We describe three preexisting N-S fault zones, with fault segments that were reactivated up to three times during the pre-eruptive seismic activity, while the magma intrusion did not trigger graben-related ground fractures typically observed during magmatic injections. Our depiction of a system dominated by strike-slip tectonic features helps in understanding the geometry and bookshelf-mode of tectonic activity along a diffuse and highly oblique extensional plate boundary. Evidence of transient fracturing is typically quickly lost because of erosion or lava flow burial, highlighting a potential under-representation of diffuse fracturing when studying old tectonic and volcanic systems.
利用野外观测数据、高空间分辨率无人机正测图和数字地形模型(dtm)的综合数据集，对冰岛雷克雅内斯半岛2021年地震构造和火山活动相关的大面积地面压裂进行了制图、量化和表征。该数据集的面积约为30公里$$^2$$ 2，我们在其中绘制了近2万个地面裂缝，长度为公制至十公制，伸展偏移量为厘米制，揭示了一个主要的右向剪切，与已公布的地震数据一致。虽然断裂的方向与雷克雅内斯半岛(N030-040)的火山系统相似，但大多数断裂在全球范围内呈现出沿南北走向的断裂带排列的网状结构，最长可达3-4公里。通过重复的现场观测、地震数据和InSAR图像来检查地面破裂的时间，我们将裂缝带与发生在2021年3月Fagradalsfjall火山喷发前一个月的大多数M $$_omega ge 5.0$$ ω≥5.0级地震联系起来。我们描述了三个先前存在的N-S断裂带，其中断裂带在爆发前地震活动期间被重新激活了三次，而岩浆侵入并没有引发岩浆注入期间通常观察到的与地堑相关的地面裂缝。我们对一个以走滑构造特征为主导的系统的描述，有助于理解沿扩散和高度斜向伸展板块边界的构造活动的几何形状和书架模式。瞬态压裂的证据通常会因为侵蚀或熔岩流掩埋而迅速消失，这凸显了在研究古老的构造和火山系统时，弥漫性压裂的潜在代表性不足。
{"title":"Surface fractures generated during the 2021 Reykjanes oblique rifting event (SW Iceland)","authors":"Simon Bufféral, Elisabetta Panza, Stefano Mannini, Ásta Rut Hjartardóttir, Adriano Nobile, Nils Gies, Birgir Vilhelm Óskarsson, Joël Ruch","doi":"10.1007/s00445-023-01666-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-023-01666-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We use a comprehensive dataset of field observations, high spatial resolution drone orthomosaics and digital terrain models (DTMs) to map, quantify and characterize the extensive ground fracturing related to the 2021 seismo-tectonic and volcanic activity in the Reykjanes Peninsula (Iceland). The dataset, spans an area of about 30 km $$^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow /> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> , where we map nearly 20 000 ground cracks with metric to decametric lengths and centimetric extensional offsets, revealing a dominant dextral shear, in agreement with published seismic data. Although striking in a direction similar to the volcanic systems in the Reykjanes Peninsula (N030–040), most fractures appear as en-échelon structures globally aligned along N-S-striking fault zones up to 3–4 km long. By examining the timing of ground fracturing through repeated field observations, seismic data and InSAR images, we associate a fracture zone with most earthquakes of M $$_omega ge 5.0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow /> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5.0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> that occurred in the month preceding the March 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption. We describe three preexisting N-S fault zones, with fault segments that were reactivated up to three times during the pre-eruptive seismic activity, while the magma intrusion did not trigger graben-related ground fractures typically observed during magmatic injections. Our depiction of a system dominated by strike-slip tectonic features helps in understanding the geometry and bookshelf-mode of tectonic activity along a diffuse and highly oblique extensional plate boundary. Evidence of transient fracturing is typically quickly lost because of erosion or lava flow burial, highlighting a potential under-representation of diffuse fracturing when studying old tectonic and volcanic systems.","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135510830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1007/s00445-023-01678-5
Rachel Blandon, James E. Gardner, Fabian B. Wadsworth, Edward W. Llewellin, Jérémie Vasseur
{"title":"Experimental sintering of crystal-rich rhyolitic ash at high fluid pressures with implications for degassing of magma","authors":"Rachel Blandon, James E. Gardner, Fabian B. Wadsworth, Edward W. Llewellin, Jérémie Vasseur","doi":"10.1007/s00445-023-01678-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-023-01678-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.1007/s00445-023-01676-7
Mila Huebsch, Ulrich Kueppers, Guillaume Carazzo, Corrado Cimarelli, Kai-Uwe Hess, Adrian Hornby, Anne-Marie Lejeune, Audrey Michaud-Dubuy, Diego Perugini, Daniel Weller, Michael J. Heap, Donald B. Dingwell
Abstract The stratovolcano Mt. Pelée, Martinique, exhibits eruptive styles ranging from dome formation to sustained, highly violent explosive activity. Historical eruptions have produced lava domes and pyroclastic density currents, collectively termed Peléan activity. In pre-colonial times, several Plinian eruptions took place. Here, we explore physical controls on the proportions of fine particles produced—i.e., the fragmentation efficiency—during primary fragmentation. Samples were collected from ignimbrites from the 1929–1932 and 1902–1905 Peléan eruptions and the P1 (1300 CE), P2 (280 CE), and P3 (79 CE) Plinian eruptions. All samples are andesitic in bulk composition and contain a rhyolitic groundmass glass. The Peléan materials are more crystalline and less porous than their Plinian counterparts, a consequence of more extensive outgassing during dome formation. Representative blocks were cored and experimentally fragmented following rapid decompression (> 1 GPa·s −1 from initial pressure between 5 and 20 MPa). Dry sieving allowed for determining grain size distributions, from which the fractal dimensions, D f , were calculated as a quantification of fragmentation efficiency. Our results indicate different behaviors for Peléan and Plinian samples. While fragmentation efficiency is positively correlated with applied potential energy for Peléan samples, this relationship is not observed for the Plinian samples, possibly due to syn-fragmentation gas escape above a certain porosity. The rapid decompression experiments were designed to minimize secondary fragmentation by shear along the walls or impact while preserving the entirety of produced materials. Thus, our experimental grainsize data are physically linked to sample textures and overpressure. By comparison with natural pyroclastic products—commonly incompletely preserved—we can approach quantitatively constraining the energetic conditions underlying individual eruptions.
{"title":"Fragmentation behavior of young pyroclasts from Mt. Pelée, Martinique","authors":"Mila Huebsch, Ulrich Kueppers, Guillaume Carazzo, Corrado Cimarelli, Kai-Uwe Hess, Adrian Hornby, Anne-Marie Lejeune, Audrey Michaud-Dubuy, Diego Perugini, Daniel Weller, Michael J. Heap, Donald B. Dingwell","doi":"10.1007/s00445-023-01676-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-023-01676-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The stratovolcano Mt. Pelée, Martinique, exhibits eruptive styles ranging from dome formation to sustained, highly violent explosive activity. Historical eruptions have produced lava domes and pyroclastic density currents, collectively termed Peléan activity. In pre-colonial times, several Plinian eruptions took place. Here, we explore physical controls on the proportions of fine particles produced—i.e., the fragmentation efficiency—during primary fragmentation. Samples were collected from ignimbrites from the 1929–1932 and 1902–1905 Peléan eruptions and the P1 (1300 CE), P2 (280 CE), and P3 (79 CE) Plinian eruptions. All samples are andesitic in bulk composition and contain a rhyolitic groundmass glass. The Peléan materials are more crystalline and less porous than their Plinian counterparts, a consequence of more extensive outgassing during dome formation. Representative blocks were cored and experimentally fragmented following rapid decompression (> 1 GPa·s −1 from initial pressure between 5 and 20 MPa). Dry sieving allowed for determining grain size distributions, from which the fractal dimensions, D f , were calculated as a quantification of fragmentation efficiency. Our results indicate different behaviors for Peléan and Plinian samples. While fragmentation efficiency is positively correlated with applied potential energy for Peléan samples, this relationship is not observed for the Plinian samples, possibly due to syn-fragmentation gas escape above a certain porosity. The rapid decompression experiments were designed to minimize secondary fragmentation by shear along the walls or impact while preserving the entirety of produced materials. Thus, our experimental grainsize data are physically linked to sample textures and overpressure. By comparison with natural pyroclastic products—commonly incompletely preserved—we can approach quantitatively constraining the energetic conditions underlying individual eruptions.","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135351772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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