Brain and Language最新文献_第10页

Exploring whether and when acquisition order interacts with exposure frequency during lexical learning: Evidence from behavioral and electrophysiological findings 探索词汇学习中习得顺序是否以及何时与暴露频率相互作用：来自行为和电生理发现的证据

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105643

Yuxi Zhou, Qingfang Zhang

Production and comprehension research has shown that words acquired earlier and encountered more frequently are responded faster and more accurately, reflecting the effects of age of acquisition (AoA) and word frequency (WF). Both effects are interpreted as the quality of lexical-semantic/phonological representations and the structure of lexical network. However, it remains unclear how the processing advantages associated with earlier acquisition and frequent occurrence develop in the vocabulary learning. To address these issues, this study investigated whether and how acquisition order and exposure frequency of to-be-learnt pseudowords, mirroring AoA and WF of real words, affect Chinese spoken word production over four consecutive days. ERP recordings on Day4 further explored the time courses of acquisition order and exposure frequency effects for newly-acquired pseudowords. Results illustrated an overall benefit of earlier acquisition regardless of the degree of consolidation, while higher exposure frequency merely modulated early formation of episodic representations. Moreover, the acquisition order effect was localized to more positive waveforms occurring around 148–578 ms after pictures onset. No interaction was observed between acquisition order and exposure frequency at either behavioral or electrophysiological levels. Our findings therefore have implications for the dominant role of acquisition order over exposure frequency in shaping the development of lexical network in adults.

产生和理解研究表明，习得越早、遇到越频繁的词语反应越快、越准确，这反映了习得年龄和词频的影响。这两种影响都被解释为词汇-语义/语音表征的质量和词汇网络的结构。然而，与早期习得和频繁发生相关的加工优势如何在词汇学习中发展尚不清楚。为了解决这些问题，本研究在连续四天的时间里，考察了拟学习假词的习得顺序和暴露频率是否以及如何影响汉语口语单词的生成，这些假词反映了真实单词的AoA和WF。第4天的ERP记录进一步探讨了新习得假词习得顺序的时间过程和曝光频率效应。结果表明，无论巩固程度如何，早期习得都有总体上的好处，而更高的暴露频率仅仅调节了情景表征的早期形成。此外，在图像出现后148 ~ 578 ms左右出现的正波形中，采集顺序效应更为明显。在行为或电生理水平上，没有观察到习得顺序和暴露频率之间的相互作用。因此，我们的研究结果暗示了习得顺序比暴露频率在塑造成人词汇网络发展中的主导作用。

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引用次数: 0

Juggling with rubber hands, leaping with rubber feet: Sensorimotor reuse during verb comprehension 橡胶手杂耍，橡胶脚跳跃：动词理解过程中感觉运动的再利用

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105639

Suesan MacRae , Heath E. Matheson

Theories of embodied and grounded cognition suggest that the reuse of sensorimotor information supports word comprehension. In the current study, we induced body ownership illusions of the hands and feet (and related control conditions) while participants categorized verbs related to the hands and feet. Using representational similarity analysis (RSA) we demonstrate that sensorimotor information is decodable during verb categorization at around 600 ms in control conditions and around 400 ms for hand related verbs specifically. Further, the pattern of sensorimotor activity elicited during verb categorization is altered when participants experience body ownership illusions; decoding is earlier when sensorimotor information was pre-activated with illusions. Overall, our results suggest that preactivating sensorimotor information alters the neural dynamics supporting verb comprehension, providing evidence for a neurocognitive process that reuses sensorimotor information. These results contribute to the development of models for embodied and grounded cognition and provide insight into the dynamics of neural reuse.

具身认知理论和基础认知理论认为，感觉运动信息的再利用有助于词汇理解。在本研究中，我们诱导了手脚的身体所有权幻觉（以及相关的控制条件），同时参与者对与手脚相关的动词进行分类。利用表征相似度分析（RSA），我们证明了在动词分类过程中，感觉运动信息在控制条件下约600毫秒可解码，而在手部相关动词分类过程中约400毫秒可解码。此外，当参与者经历身体所有权幻觉时，在动词分类过程中引发的感觉运动活动模式发生了改变；当感觉运动信息被幻觉预先激活时，解码就会提前。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，预激活感觉运动信息改变了支持动词理解的神经动力学，为重复使用感觉运动信息的神经认知过程提供了证据。这些结果有助于具身认知和基础认知模型的发展，并为神经重用的动力学提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Do newborns detect prosodic violations in an unfamiliar language at birth? 新生儿在出生时是否察觉到不熟悉语言的韵律违反？

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105640

Caterina Marino , Jessica Gemignani , Marcela Peña , Anna Martinez-Alvarez , Luca Bonadies , Eugenio Baraldi , Judit Gervain

Experience with language starts prenatally, as the intrauterine environment allows speech prosody to get through. Martinez-Alvarez and colleagues (2023) demonstrated that newborns detect utterance-level prosodic violations in the language they heard prenatally, French. It remains unknown, however, whether this discrimination ability requires prenatal experience with a given language or whether newborns have an early sensitivity to the shapes of prosodic contours that extends beyond prenatal experience. To this purpose, we tested infants exposed prenatally to Italian with the French stimuli of Martinez-Alvarez et al. (2023), and we measured their brain responses with fNIRS. We found that Italian-exposed newborns discriminate between standard and deviant prosodic contours in French, activating right hemispheric areas specialized for the processing of prosody in adults. However, the time course and the localization of the effect were different from those found in French newborns. This suggests that an early sensitivity to prosodic contours may be modulated by prenatal experience at birth.

语言的体验从胎儿时期就开始了，因为子宫内的环境允许语言韵律通过。Martinez-Alvarez和他的同事（2023）证明，新生儿在出生前听到的语言——法语中，能够察觉到话语层面的韵律违规。然而，尚不清楚这种辨别能力是否需要产前的语言经验，或者新生儿是否对韵律轮廓的形状具有早期的敏感性，这超出了产前的经验。为此，我们用Martinez-Alvarez等人（2023）的法语刺激对产前接触意大利语的婴儿进行了测试，并使用近红外光谱测量了他们的大脑反应。我们发现，接触意大利语的新生儿能够区分法语的标准韵律轮廓和异常韵律轮廓，激活了专门处理成人韵律的右半脑区域。然而，其作用的时间过程和局部与法国新生儿不同。这表明，早期对韵律轮廓的敏感性可能受到出生时产前经验的调节。

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引用次数: 0

Semantic processing of regional varieties in native Spanish listeners: the role of accent familiarity 西班牙语地区变体的语义加工：口音熟悉度的作用

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105638

Cristal Giorio, Janet G. van Hell

Research shows that nonnative accents differing from a listener’s own can impede comprehension, as described by the Interlanguage Speech Intelligibility Benefit (ISIB). While extensively studied in nonnative contexts, native regional varieties have been less frequently studied, with mixed findings. This study examined native listeners’ real-time sentence processing of geographically distant Spanish varieties. Mexican Spanish speakers listened to accents that matched (Mexican) or mismatched (Peninsular Spain, Puerto Rico) their own, along with nonnative English-accented Spanish. Behavioral results showed high comprehension across all varieties. ERP findings revealed semantic violation N400 effects for the Mexican and familiar Peninsular Spain but not for the less-familiar Puerto Rican accent. An N400 and late negativity appeared for nonnative English-accented Spanish. Results indicate that less-familiar native language varieties challenge, while familiar accents facilitate, lexico-semantic access during real-time sentence processing. Findings support a generalized intra-language processing benefit for regional varieties beyond matched speech, further refining the ISIB hypothesis.

研究表明，与听者自己不同的非母语口音会阻碍理解，正如中介语语音可理解性益处（ISIB）所描述的那样。虽然在非本地环境中进行了广泛的研究，但对本地区域品种的研究较少，结果好坏参半。本研究考察了母语听众对地理上遥远的西班牙语变体的实时句子处理。说墨西哥西班牙语的人听的是与他们自己的口音相匹配（墨西哥）或不匹配（西班牙半岛，波多黎各）的口音，以及非英语口音的西班牙语。行为结果显示，所有品种的理解能力都很高。ERP发现语义违背N400对墨西哥口音和熟悉的西班牙半岛口音有影响，但对不太熟悉的波多黎各口音没有影响。非母语英语口音的西班牙语出现了N400和晚期消极性。结果表明，在实时句子处理过程中，不熟悉的母语变体会对词汇语义的获取产生挑战，而熟悉的口音则会促进词汇语义的获取。研究结果支持了在匹配语音之外的区域变体中普遍存在的语言内加工优势，进一步完善了ISIB假设。

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引用次数: 0

Neural substrates for the encoding of the contextual tonal alternation: An fNIRS study of Mandarin third-tone sandhi in word production 语境变调编码的神经基础：汉语三音变调的fNIRS研究

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105636

Xiaocong Chen , Tai Yuan , Yiya Chen , Fumo Huang , Caicai Zhang

Phonological alternations are common in speech, but the neurocognitive mechanisms for their encoding during word production remain unclear. Mandarin Tone 3 sandhi is an example of phonological alternation, whereby the Tone 3 (T3), a low-dipping tone, changes to a Tone 2 (T2)-like rising tone when followed by another T3. Previous research indicates that both the underlying tonal category and the surface tonal variant are activated during T3 sandhi word production, but the neural substrates of these sub-processes remain unclear. Using Mandarin T3 sandhi as a case study, we employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to better understand the neural bases of phonological alternations. Participants completed a phonologically-primed picture naming task, with different tonal relationships between monosyllabic primes and T3 sandhi words manipulated. Behaviorally, we replicated the facilitatory effects of T3 and T2 primes on the naming latencies of T3 sandhi words, confirming the activation of both underlying and surface tonal information. Compared to control primes, the fNIRS data revealed reduced activation in left temporal and bilateral frontal regions during T3 sandhi word production following T3 primes, indicating facilitation in retrieving the underlying tonal category and/or the wordform of T3 sandhi words, which may proceed to the downstream articulatory planning and execution of the context-specific tonal contour. Conversely, increased activation in left temporal regions but decreased activation in frontal regions was found during T3 sandhi word production following T2 primes, implying higher lexical-phonological competition in the wordform retrieval but facilitation in articulatory planning. Our findings offer implications for understanding the neural encoding of phonological alternations.

语音变化在言语中很常见，但在单词生成过程中其编码的神经认知机制尚不清楚。普通话调三连读是音位变化的一个例子，即调三（T3），一个低下沉的音调，在另一个调三之后变成一个类似调二（T2）的上升音调。先前的研究表明，在T3变调词生成过程中，潜在的音调类别和表面的音调变体都被激活，但这些子过程的神经基础尚不清楚。本文以普通话T3变调为例，利用功能近红外光谱（fNIRS）分析了语音变化的神经基础。参与者完成了一项语音启动的图片命名任务，单音节启动和三个变调词之间存在不同的音调关系。在行为上，我们复制了T3和T2启动物对T3变调词命名潜伏期的促进作用，证实了底层和表面音调信息的激活。与对照启动词相比，fNIRS数据显示，在T3启动词产生过程中，左颞叶和双侧额叶区域的激活减少，表明在提取T3变调词的潜在音调类别和/或词形方面更容易，这可能会导致下游的发音规划和情境特定音调轮廓的执行。相反，在T2启动后的第三阶段，左颞区激活增加，额叶区激活减少，这意味着在单词检索中词汇-语音竞争加剧，但在发音规划中更容易。我们的发现为理解语音变化的神经编码提供了启示。

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引用次数: 0

Initial evidence of altered functional network connectivity in children with developmental language disorder 发展性语言障碍儿童功能网络连接改变的初步证据

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105637

Gaelle E. Doucet , Jordanna A. Kruse , Nichole M. Eden , Lisa Goffman , Karla K. McGregor

Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition characterized by not only significant difficulty with language learning, comprehension, and expression but also with executive, procedural and/or motor functions. The understanding of the brain abnormalities in DLD remains largely unclear and functional MRI (fMRI) studies have largely focused on the language network. Using resting-state fMRI, we investigated whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) in 22 children with DLD and 23 with typical language development (TD), aged 7-to-13-years. Using a non-parametric network-based statistics approach, we found that children with DLD had an extensive network of lower FC across the whole brain, compared to the TD children. In particular, the sensorimotor (SM), cognitive control (CC) and default-mode (DM) networks included the largest amounts of altered FC. In detail, FC links within the DM network and between the SM and DM networks, and between the SM and CC networks were the most altered. No FC was found to be significantly higher in the children with DLD than in their peers with TD. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of resting-state FC in children with DLD, showing widespread functional brain abnormalities that are not limited to the language network, but rather involve networks supporting other cognitive and motor functions. Such extensive functional abnormalities offer a potential explanation for the other cognitive and motor impairments characterizing DLD.

发展性语言障碍（Developmental Language Disorder， DLD）是一种常见的神经发育疾病，其特征不仅是语言学习、理解和表达方面的显著困难，而且还包括执行、程序和/或运动功能方面的困难。对DLD中大脑异常的理解仍不清楚，功能MRI （fMRI）研究主要集中在语言网络上。我们使用静息状态功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究了22名7- 13岁的DLD儿童和23名典型语言发育（TD）儿童的全脑功能连接（FC）。使用基于非参数网络的统计方法，我们发现与TD儿童相比，DLD儿童在整个大脑中具有广泛的下FC网络。特别是，感觉运动（SM）、认知控制（CC）和默认模式（DM）网络包括最大数量的FC改变。其中，DM网络内部、SM与DM网络之间、SM与CC网络之间的FC链路变化最大。没有发现DLD患儿的FC明显高于TD患儿。据我们所知，这是对DLD儿童静息状态FC的首次调查，显示了广泛的功能性大脑异常，不仅限于语言网络，而且涉及支持其他认知和运动功能的网络。这种广泛的功能异常为DLD的其他认知和运动障碍提供了潜在的解释。

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引用次数: 0

From eye to cortex: Tracing the neurocognitive dynamics of bilingual novel word acquisition 从眼睛到大脑皮层：双语小说词汇习得的神经认知动态追踪

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105632

Yang Fu , Jing Yang , Beatriz Bermúdez-Margaretto , Huili Wang , Damian Enrique Jan Cordón , Alberto Domínguez

The current study examined how native language (L1) orthographic features influence bilinguals’ ability to rapidly form new representations for second-language (L2) written word forms. We assessed eye movements, neural activity, and behavioral performance in sequential bilinguals with L1-L2 orthographical pairs within (Spanish-English) and across (Mandarin Chinese-English) writing systems. Participants were trained on novel English words embedded in naturalistic sentence contexts, followed by a two-day post-training session. Analyses of eye-movement variables, fixation-related potentials, and learning outcomes revealed that Spanish-English bilinguals exhibited more automatic lexical encoding of novel words, reflected in shorter fixations and attenuated early neural responses, whereas Chinese-English bilinguals maintained prolonged attentional engagement across exposures. These divergent exposure-related dynamics predicted post-training performance, with Spanish bilinguals showing greater gains after consolidation. The findings suggest that the neuroplasticity underlying L2 word learning is shaped by pre-existing cortical circuits for native linguistic features, leading to different neural strategies for forming new lexical representations.

目前的研究考察了母语（L1）正字法特征如何影响双语者快速形成第二语言（L2）书面单词形式的新表征的能力。我们评估了在（西班牙-英语）和（汉语-英语）书写系统中使用L1-L2拼写对的顺序双语者的眼球运动、神经活动和行为表现。参与者接受了包含在自然句子语境中的新英语单词的培训，随后是为期两天的培训后课程。对眼动变量、注视相关电位和学习结果的分析表明，西班牙-英语双语者在新单词的自动词汇编码上表现得更强，反映在更短的注视和减弱的早期神经反应上，而中-英语双语者在不同的接触中保持更长的注意参与。这些不同的与暴露相关的动态预测了训练后的表现，西班牙双语者在巩固后表现出更大的进步。研究结果表明，二语词汇学习背后的神经可塑性是由针对母语语言特征的预先存在的皮层回路塑造的，从而导致形成新的词汇表征的不同神经策略。

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引用次数: 0

An exploratory study and new model of the role of implicit timing in sentence comprehension 内隐时间在句子理解中的探索性研究与新模式

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105635

Arianna N. LaCroix , Corianne Rogalsky

Linguistic prosody is essential for language comprehension, but our recent findings suggest that some people with stroke (PWS) comprehend sentences better when typical prosodic contours are replaced with list-like prosody. We investigated this surprising behavioral finding by examining the neural basis of list prosody using fMRI in neurotypical controls, finding increased activation in the bilateral posterior superior temporal gyri, regardless of sentence structure. In PWS, lesion-symptom mapping revealed distinct effects: those with left posterior superior temporal gyrus and left striatum damage showed slower response times with list prosody for simple sentences and faster but less accurate responses for complex sentences. Conversely, PWS with left globus pallidus damage benefitted from list prosody, showing faster responses for simple sentences and slower but more accurate responses for complex ones. These findings inform a neuroanatomical model of the role of implicit timing in auditory sentence comprehension, providing a framework for future research.

语言韵律对语言理解至关重要，但我们最近的研究结果表明，当一些中风患者用列表韵律代替典型的韵律轮廓时，他们能更好地理解句子。我们通过使用功能磁共振成像检查列表韵律的神经基础来研究这一令人惊讶的行为发现，在神经正常的对照中，发现无论句子结构如何，双侧后颞上回的激活都增加了。在PWS中，病变-症状映射显示出明显的影响：左侧颞后上回和左侧纹状体损伤的患者对简单句的表韵律反应时间较慢，对复杂句的反应速度较快，但准确性较低。相反，左侧苍白球损伤的PWS受益于列表韵律，对简单句子的反应更快，对复杂句子的反应更慢但更准确。这些发现为内隐时间在听觉句子理解中的作用提供了神经解剖学模型，为未来的研究提供了框架。

引用次数: 0

Interhemispheric functional connectivity of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex supports Chinese reading 腹侧枕颞叶皮层的功能连接支持中文阅读

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105634

Xinqi Su , Lala Gu , Rui Hu , XiaoXue Feng , Aqian Li , Jingyu Yang , Leilei Mei

Previous studies have revealed the involvement of the bilateral ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT) in word reading, especially in Chinese character reading. However, the interhemispheric communication mechanisms of the bilateral vOT and how they work in Chinese character reading have not been fully investigated. Two experiments were conducted in this study to address those questions using resting-state and task-based fMRI. Experiment 1 revealed stronger interhemispheric resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in the posterior vOT subregion compared to the middle and anterior subregions and a significant positive correlation with Chinese reading efficiency in the posterior subregion. Experiment 2 further explored the effective connectivity in the Chinese rhythm and semantic judgment tasks using dynamic causal model analysis. Results showed significant interhemispheric intrinsic connections similar to those in the resting state in the posterior subregion and right-to-left modulatory connections in the middle and anterior subregions. In addition, stronger right-to-left modulatory connectivity in the anterior subregion was associated with better behavioral performance in the semantic judgment task. These convergent findings highlight the importance of interhemispheric communication of the bilateral vOT in Chinese character reading.

已有研究表明，双侧腹侧枕颞皮质（vOT）参与文字阅读，尤其是汉字阅读。然而，双侧vOT的脑间交流机制及其在汉字阅读中的作用尚未得到充分的研究。为了解决这些问题，本研究使用静息状态和任务型功能磁共振成像进行了两个实验。实验1显示，脑后区静息状态功能连通性较中前区强，且与中文阅读效率显著正相关。实验2利用动态因果模型分析进一步探讨了汉语节奏判断任务和语义判断任务的有效连通性。结果显示，脑后亚区存在与静息状态相似的内在连接，中前亚区存在与静息状态相似的左-右调节连接。此外，前亚区左右调节连通性强与语义判断任务中较好的行为表现相关。这些趋同的研究结果突出了双侧vOT在汉字阅读中半球间交流的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Does gesture follow speech in describing metaphorical motion events over developmental time? 在描述发展过程中的隐喻运动事件时，手势是否跟随言语？

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105620

Şeyda Özçalışkan , Susan Goldin-Meadow

Children learning structurally different languages display variability in the way they package semantic elements of a physical motion event in gesture, mirroring the patterns found in speech for the same events. In this study, we ask whether these differences extend to metaphorical motion events and, if so, when in development the patterns become evident. We studied the speech and gestures produced by 100 children learning English or Turkish (n = 50/language)—equally divided into 5 age groups: 3–4, 5–6, 7–8, 9–10, 11–12 years—when describing metaphorical motion events (e.g., idea runs out of the mind). We compared the patterns to previously reported findings on the same children describing physical motion (e.g., girl runs out of the house). Our results showed evidence for cross-linguistic differences in the expression of metaphorical motion events in both speech and gesture, akin to cross-linguistic differences observed in the expression of physical motion events. But language-specific patterns emerged later in metaphorical than in physical motion descriptions, both in speech and in co-speech gesture. Our results suggest that gesture and speech form tightly integrated systems in the expression of metaphorical concepts, as they do for the expression of physical events, by children learning structurally different languages.

学习结构不同的语言的儿童在用手势包装物理运动事件的语义元素的方式上表现出可变性，这反映了在言语中发现的相同事件的模式。在这项研究中，我们询问这些差异是否延伸到隐喻运动事件，如果是，当发展模式变得明显。我们研究了100名学习英语或土耳其语的儿童（n = 50/语言）在描述隐喻性运动事件（例如，想法从脑海中消失）时所产生的言语和手势。这些儿童平均分为5个年龄组：3-4岁、5 - 6岁、7-8岁、9-10岁、11-12岁。我们将这些模式与先前报道的同一儿童描述身体运动的发现（例如，女孩跑出房子）进行了比较。我们的研究结果显示了言语和手势中隐喻运动事件表达的跨语言差异，类似于在物理运动事件表达中观察到的跨语言差异。但语言特定模式在隐喻中比在物理运动描述中出现得晚，无论是在说话还是在共同说话的手势中。我们的研究结果表明，通过学习结构不同的语言，手势和语言在隐喻概念的表达中形成了紧密结合的系统，正如它们在物理事件的表达中所做的那样。

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引用次数: 0