Brain and Language最新文献_第5页

Exploring whether and when acquisition order interacts with exposure frequency during lexical learning: Evidence from behavioral and electrophysiological findings 探索词汇学习中习得顺序是否以及何时与暴露频率相互作用：来自行为和电生理发现的证据

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105643

Yuxi Zhou, Qingfang Zhang

Production and comprehension research has shown that words acquired earlier and encountered more frequently are responded faster and more accurately, reflecting the effects of age of acquisition (AoA) and word frequency (WF). Both effects are interpreted as the quality of lexical-semantic/phonological representations and the structure of lexical network. However, it remains unclear how the processing advantages associated with earlier acquisition and frequent occurrence develop in the vocabulary learning. To address these issues, this study investigated whether and how acquisition order and exposure frequency of to-be-learnt pseudowords, mirroring AoA and WF of real words, affect Chinese spoken word production over four consecutive days. ERP recordings on Day4 further explored the time courses of acquisition order and exposure frequency effects for newly-acquired pseudowords. Results illustrated an overall benefit of earlier acquisition regardless of the degree of consolidation, while higher exposure frequency merely modulated early formation of episodic representations. Moreover, the acquisition order effect was localized to more positive waveforms occurring around 148–578 ms after pictures onset. No interaction was observed between acquisition order and exposure frequency at either behavioral or electrophysiological levels. Our findings therefore have implications for the dominant role of acquisition order over exposure frequency in shaping the development of lexical network in adults.

产生和理解研究表明，习得越早、遇到越频繁的词语反应越快、越准确，这反映了习得年龄和词频的影响。这两种影响都被解释为词汇-语义/语音表征的质量和词汇网络的结构。然而，与早期习得和频繁发生相关的加工优势如何在词汇学习中发展尚不清楚。为了解决这些问题，本研究在连续四天的时间里，考察了拟学习假词的习得顺序和暴露频率是否以及如何影响汉语口语单词的生成，这些假词反映了真实单词的AoA和WF。第4天的ERP记录进一步探讨了新习得假词习得顺序的时间过程和曝光频率效应。结果表明，无论巩固程度如何，早期习得都有总体上的好处，而更高的暴露频率仅仅调节了情景表征的早期形成。此外，在图像出现后148 ~ 578 ms左右出现的正波形中，采集顺序效应更为明显。在行为或电生理水平上，没有观察到习得顺序和暴露频率之间的相互作用。因此，我们的研究结果暗示了习得顺序比暴露频率在塑造成人词汇网络发展中的主导作用。

{"title":"Exploring whether and when acquisition order interacts with exposure frequency during lexical learning: Evidence from behavioral and electrophysiological findings","authors":"Yuxi Zhou, Qingfang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Production and comprehension research has shown that words acquired earlier and encountered more frequently are responded faster and more accurately, reflecting the effects of age of acquisition (AoA) and word frequency (WF). Both effects are interpreted as the quality of lexical-semantic/phonological representations and the structure of lexical network. However, it remains unclear how the processing advantages associated with earlier acquisition and frequent occurrence develop in the vocabulary learning. To address these issues, this study investigated whether and how acquisition order and exposure frequency of to-be-learnt pseudowords, mirroring AoA and WF of real words, affect Chinese spoken word production over four consecutive days. ERP recordings on Day4 further explored the time courses of acquisition order and exposure frequency effects for newly-acquired pseudowords. Results illustrated an overall benefit of earlier acquisition regardless of the degree of consolidation, while higher exposure frequency merely modulated early formation of episodic representations. Moreover, the acquisition order effect was localized to more positive waveforms occurring around 148–578 ms after pictures onset. No interaction was observed between acquisition order and exposure frequency at either behavioral or electrophysiological levels. Our findings therefore have implications for the dominant role of acquisition order over exposure frequency in shaping the development of lexical network in adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55330,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Language","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 105643"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting bilingual processing: insights from L1 transfer in L2 acquisition 重新审视双语加工：来自二语习得中母语迁移的见解。

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105645

Huanhuan Yin, Martin J. Pickering

MacWhinney’s (1992) Competition Model proposes that L2 learners do not start from scratch but instead build on pre-existing L1 phonological, lexical, and syntactic representations. This approach eases the learning process yet leaves enduring traces from L1 transfer in the bilinguals’ L2 lexicon, which may influence adult language processing. In this paper, we review psycholinguistic findings on bilingual comprehension and production and propose that many effects traditionally seen as evidence of on-line cross-language activation might instead reflect the long-term impact of L1 transfer during L2 learning. This perspective helps bridge the gap between research on bilingual processing at different time scales.

MacWhinney（1992）的竞争模型提出，二语学习者不是从零开始，而是建立在已有的母语语音、词汇和句法表征上。这种方法简化了学习过程，但在双语者的第二语言词汇中留下了持久的母语迁移痕迹，这可能会影响成人的语言加工。在本文中，我们回顾了关于双语理解和产生的心理语言学研究结果，并提出许多传统上被视为在线跨语言激活证据的影响可能反映了二语学习过程中母语迁移的长期影响。这一观点有助于弥合不同时间尺度双语加工研究之间的差距。

引用次数: 0

The neural correlates of nominal classification rule learning and their individual differences 名义分类规则学习的神经关联及其个体差异

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105654

Diego Elisandro Dardon , Haining Cui , Motoaki Sugiura , Hyeonjeong Jeong

Learning a second language involves not only the acquisition of abstract grammatical rules, such as word order, but also rules based on language-specific semantic distinctions, as seen in nominal classification systems. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying learning of such systems. The present study examined the neural correlates of nominal classification rule learning and the role of individual differences in working memory and language analytic ability. 36 adult Japanese native speakers learned a semi-artificial language incorporating nominal classification rules (animate, small inanimate and large inanimate). Brain activation was measured using fMRI across three learning phases. The results revealed regions related to conceptual/category processing like the right superior temporal gyrus, left precentral gyrus and middle temporal gyrus. In addition, the left middle/superior areas predicted successful learning nominal classification rules. Additionally, working memory capacity negatively correlated with activation in the bilateral thalami, suggesting a potential involvement of working memory. These findings emphasize the importance of examining typologically diverse grammatical rules and provide new insights into the neural mechanisms of rule learning.

学习第二语言不仅涉及抽象语法规则的习得，如词序，而且还涉及基于语言特定语义区别的规则，如名义分类系统。然而，人们对这些系统学习背后的神经机制知之甚少。本研究考察了名义分类规则学习的神经关联，以及个体差异在工作记忆和语言分析能力中的作用。36名以日语为母语的成年人学习了一种半人工语言，其中包含名义分类规则（有生命的、小无生命的和大无生命的）。研究人员使用功能磁共振成像技术测量了三个学习阶段的大脑活动。结果显示，与概念/类别处理相关的区域包括右颞上回、左中央前回和颞中回。此外，左侧中/高级区域预测了名义分类规则的成功学习。此外，工作记忆容量与双侧丘脑的激活负相关，表明工作记忆可能参与其中。这些发现强调了检查不同类型语法规则的重要性，并为规则学习的神经机制提供了新的见解。

{"title":"The neural correlates of nominal classification rule learning and their individual differences","authors":"Diego Elisandro Dardon , Haining Cui , Motoaki Sugiura , Hyeonjeong Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Learning a second language involves not only the acquisition of abstract grammatical rules, such as word order, but also rules based on language-specific semantic distinctions, as seen in nominal classification systems. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying learning of such systems. The present study examined the neural correlates of nominal classification rule learning and the role of individual differences in working memory and language analytic ability. 36 adult Japanese native speakers learned a semi-artificial language incorporating nominal classification rules (animate, small inanimate and large inanimate). Brain activation was measured using fMRI across three learning phases. The results revealed regions related to conceptual/category processing like the right superior temporal gyrus, left precentral gyrus and middle temporal gyrus. In addition, the left middle/superior areas predicted successful learning nominal classification rules. Additionally, working memory capacity negatively correlated with activation in the bilateral thalami, suggesting a potential involvement of working memory. These findings emphasize the importance of examining typologically diverse grammatical rules and provide new insights into the neural mechanisms of rule learning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55330,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Language","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 105654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dysgraphia in Japanese patients with primary progressive aphasia 日本原发性进行性失语症患者的书写困难

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105655

Shoko Ota , Maki Suzuki , Akihiro Takasaki , Nobuko Kawakami , Keisuke Morihara , Kazuo Kakinuma , Shiho Matsubara , Kazuto Katsuse , Chifumi Iseki , Shigenori Kanno , Manabu Ikeda , Kyoko Suzuki

Dysgraphia in Japanese patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) remains underexplored. Japanese writing system–kanji (morphograms) and kana (phonograms)–offers a unique opportunity to study dysgraphia in PPA. We investigated 32 Japanese speakers with PPA: 14 with nonfluent/agrammatic (nfvPPA), 13 with semantic (svPPA), and 5 with logopenic (lvPPA) variants. Writing abilities were assessed through the dictation of 30 kanji and 30 kana words. Patients with nfvPPA exhibited significant kana dysgraphia, reflecting phonological route dysfunction. Kanji dysgraphia predominated in svPPA and lvPPA, with phonologically plausible errors most common in svPPA, indicating orthographic-semantic route impairment. Character stroke errors in kana were more frequent in nfvPPA, possibly reflecting graphemic motor deficits. These findings highlight distinct dysgraphia patterns across PPA subtypes, corresponding to the specific brain regions predominantly impaired in each variant.

日本原发性进行性失语（PPA）患者的书写障碍仍未得到充分研究。日文书写系统-汉字（形态）和假名（音）-提供了一个独特的机会来研究PPA中的书写困难症。我们调查了32名有PPA的日语使用者：14名有非流利/语法变体（nfvPPA）， 13名有语义变体（svPPA）， 5名有词性变体（lvPPA）。通过听写30个汉字和30个假名来评估写作能力。nfvPPA患者表现出明显的假名书写障碍，反映了语音通路功能障碍。汉字书写障碍在svPPA和lvPPA中占主导地位，而语音似是而非的错误在svPPA中最常见，表明正字法语义路径障碍。假名的汉字笔划错误在nfvPPA中更常见，可能反映了书写运动缺陷。这些发现突出了PPA亚型中不同的书写障碍模式，对应于每种变体中主要受损的特定大脑区域。

{"title":"Dysgraphia in Japanese patients with primary progressive aphasia","authors":"Shoko Ota , Maki Suzuki , Akihiro Takasaki , Nobuko Kawakami , Keisuke Morihara , Kazuo Kakinuma , Shiho Matsubara , Kazuto Katsuse , Chifumi Iseki , Shigenori Kanno , Manabu Ikeda , Kyoko Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dysgraphia in Japanese patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) remains underexplored. Japanese writing system–kanji (morphograms) and kana (phonograms)–offers a unique opportunity to study dysgraphia in PPA. We investigated 32 Japanese speakers with PPA: 14 with nonfluent/agrammatic (nfvPPA), 13 with semantic (svPPA), and 5 with logopenic (lvPPA) variants. Writing abilities were assessed through the dictation of 30 kanji and 30 kana words. Patients with nfvPPA exhibited significant kana dysgraphia, reflecting phonological route dysfunction. Kanji dysgraphia predominated in svPPA and lvPPA, with phonologically plausible errors most common in svPPA, indicating orthographic-semantic route impairment. Character stroke errors in kana were more frequent in nfvPPA, possibly reflecting graphemic motor deficits. These findings highlight distinct dysgraphia patterns across PPA subtypes, corresponding to the specific brain regions predominantly impaired in each variant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55330,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Language","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 105655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Juggling with rubber hands, leaping with rubber feet: Sensorimotor reuse during verb comprehension 橡胶手杂耍，橡胶脚跳跃：动词理解过程中感觉运动的再利用

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105639

Suesan MacRae , Heath E. Matheson

Theories of embodied and grounded cognition suggest that the reuse of sensorimotor information supports word comprehension. In the current study, we induced body ownership illusions of the hands and feet (and related control conditions) while participants categorized verbs related to the hands and feet. Using representational similarity analysis (RSA) we demonstrate that sensorimotor information is decodable during verb categorization at around 600 ms in control conditions and around 400 ms for hand related verbs specifically. Further, the pattern of sensorimotor activity elicited during verb categorization is altered when participants experience body ownership illusions; decoding is earlier when sensorimotor information was pre-activated with illusions. Overall, our results suggest that preactivating sensorimotor information alters the neural dynamics supporting verb comprehension, providing evidence for a neurocognitive process that reuses sensorimotor information. These results contribute to the development of models for embodied and grounded cognition and provide insight into the dynamics of neural reuse.

具身认知理论和基础认知理论认为，感觉运动信息的再利用有助于词汇理解。在本研究中，我们诱导了手脚的身体所有权幻觉（以及相关的控制条件），同时参与者对与手脚相关的动词进行分类。利用表征相似度分析（RSA），我们证明了在动词分类过程中，感觉运动信息在控制条件下约600毫秒可解码，而在手部相关动词分类过程中约400毫秒可解码。此外，当参与者经历身体所有权幻觉时，在动词分类过程中引发的感觉运动活动模式发生了改变；当感觉运动信息被幻觉预先激活时，解码就会提前。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，预激活感觉运动信息改变了支持动词理解的神经动力学，为重复使用感觉运动信息的神经认知过程提供了证据。这些结果有助于具身认知和基础认知模型的发展，并为神经重用的动力学提供了见解。

{"title":"Juggling with rubber hands, leaping with rubber feet: Sensorimotor reuse during verb comprehension","authors":"Suesan MacRae , Heath E. Matheson","doi":"10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Theories of embodied and grounded cognition suggest that the reuse of sensorimotor information supports word comprehension. In the current study, we induced body ownership illusions of the hands and feet (and related control conditions) while participants categorized verbs related to the hands and feet. Using representational similarity analysis (RSA) we demonstrate that sensorimotor information is decodable during verb categorization at around 600 ms in control conditions and around 400 ms for hand related verbs specifically. Further, the pattern of sensorimotor activity elicited during verb categorization is altered when participants experience body ownership illusions; decoding is earlier when sensorimotor information was pre-activated with illusions. Overall, our results suggest that preactivating sensorimotor information alters the neural dynamics supporting verb comprehension, providing evidence for a neurocognitive process that reuses sensorimotor information. These results contribute to the development of models for embodied and grounded cognition and provide insight into the dynamics of neural reuse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55330,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Language","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 105639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrophysiological correlates of meaning-based attentional guidance mechanism as a function of cognitive loads in visual search for words 视觉词搜索中基于意义的注意引导机制与认知负荷的电生理关联

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105642

Julien Dampure , Horacio A. Barber

This study investigates the impact of foveal and task-related cognitive loads on meaning-based attentional guidance during visual search for words. Participants searched for words through successive three-words displays while their electroencephalogram was recorded. In target-absent trials, displays contained a central word and two parafoveal words: one distractor semantically-related to the target and one unrelated distractor. To manipulate the task-related cognitive load, participants either searched for specific words either provided beforehand (literal task) or defined only by their semantic category (categorical task). The foveal load was manipulated by varying both the lexical frequency and the semantic-relatedness with the targets of the centered word in the three-words displays. Results indicated that in the literal task, when cognitive load was low, parafoveal distractor words semantically-related to the target triggered faster attentional responses as reflected in increased P2a amplitude, while increasing foveal load delayed parafoveal semantic processing, as shown by N3 and N400 modulations. In contrast, the categorical task, characterized by higher task-related cognitive demands, showed limited evidence of parafoveal semantic processing. Rather, word processing seemed to be focused on deeper processing of central words, as evidenced by N400 variations. Altogether, this work contributes to understanding the interplay between semantic and attentional mechanisms in visual search, highlighting the influence of cognitive resources on visual word processing. Moreover, the findings suggest that covert and overt attention may follow distinct temporal dynamics in parafoveal semantic processing, underscoring the importance of considering task demands and spatial factors when comparing visual search and reading.

本研究探讨了视觉词搜索过程中中央凹和任务相关的认知负荷对基于意义的注意引导的影响。参与者通过连续的三个单词显示来搜索单词，同时记录他们的脑电图。在目标缺失试验中，显示包含一个中心词和两个旁中央凹词：一个与目标语义相关的分心物和一个不相关的分心物。为了控制与任务相关的认知负荷，参与者要么搜索事先提供的特定单词（字面任务），要么搜索仅由其语义类别定义的特定单词（分类任务）。中央凹负荷是通过改变三词显示中中心词的词频和与目标词的语义相关性来控制的。结果表明，在文字任务中，认知负荷低时，与目标语义相关的旁中央凹分心词触发的注意反应更快，表现为P2a振幅增加，而增加的中央凹负荷延迟了旁中央凹语义加工，表现为N3和N400调制。相比之下，具有更高任务相关认知要求的分类任务显示出有限的旁中央凹语义加工证据。相反，正如N400变体所证明的那样，文字处理似乎侧重于对中心词的更深层次处理。总之，这项工作有助于理解视觉搜索中语义和注意机制之间的相互作用，突出了认知资源对视觉文字处理的影响。此外，研究结果表明，隐性和显性注意力在旁中央凹语义加工中可能遵循不同的时间动态，这强调了在比较视觉搜索和阅读时考虑任务需求和空间因素的重要性。

{"title":"Electrophysiological correlates of meaning-based attentional guidance mechanism as a function of cognitive loads in visual search for words","authors":"Julien Dampure , Horacio A. Barber","doi":"10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of foveal and task-related cognitive loads on meaning-based attentional guidance during visual search for words. Participants searched for words through successive three-words displays while their electroencephalogram was recorded. In target-absent trials, displays contained a central word and two parafoveal words: one distractor semantically-related to the target and one unrelated distractor. To manipulate the task-related cognitive load, participants either searched for specific words either provided beforehand (literal task) or defined only by their semantic category (categorical task). The foveal load was manipulated by varying both the lexical frequency and the semantic-relatedness with the targets of the centered word in the three-words displays. Results indicated that in the literal task, when cognitive load was low, parafoveal distractor words semantically-related to the target triggered faster attentional responses as reflected in increased P2a amplitude, while increasing foveal load delayed parafoveal semantic processing, as shown by N3 and N400 modulations. In contrast, the categorical task, characterized by higher task-related cognitive demands, showed limited evidence of parafoveal semantic processing. Rather, word processing seemed to be focused on deeper processing of central words, as evidenced by N400 variations. Altogether, this work contributes to understanding the interplay between semantic and attentional mechanisms in visual search, highlighting the influence of cognitive resources on visual word processing. Moreover, the findings suggest that covert and overt attention may follow distinct temporal dynamics in parafoveal semantic processing, underscoring the importance of considering task demands and spatial factors when comparing visual search and reading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55330,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Language","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 105642"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developmental differences in L1 and L2 text comprehension: An ERP study 母语和二语文本理解的发展差异：一个ERP研究

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105644

Ana I. Pérez, Nuria Montoro, Almudena Ortega, Carmen Aguirre, Giulia Togato, Mª Teresa Bajo

Text comprehension relies on high-level cognitive processes. These processes might be challenging for young readers, especially when comprehension takes place in a non-native language, an issue that remains unexplored. Twenty-four children and twenty-six adolescent early sequential bilinguals, were presented with narratives in L1-Spanish and L2-English. Each text biased an initial inference (“baby”), which then required either literal (“The little cat…”) or inferential (“The little animal − meow…”) monitoring. Processing times at this sentence suggested less efficient comprehension monitoring in the L2, mainly with inferential information. Moreover, in a final sentence, either literal or inferential (depending on the previous sentence) revision was assessed by ERP to a disambiguating word (“cat”). N400 amplitude showed that adolescents semantically integrated the alternative concept into their situation model only in the native language, but not during L2 comprehension. Crucially, children struggled to do so in both languages. In contrast, the P600 suggested that children in the native language and adolescents in both languages performed semantic reanalyses by reducing interference from the no longer valid initial interpretation. Our findings indicate a complex interplay between development and bilingualism in the ability to revise a situation model during text comprehension.

文本理解依赖于高层次的认知过程。这些过程对年轻的读者来说可能是具有挑战性的，特别是当用非母语进行理解时，这是一个尚未探索的问题。24名儿童和26名青少年早期顺序双语者，以l1 -西班牙语和l2 -英语进行叙述。每个文本都有一个初始推理（“婴儿”），然后需要字面上的（“小猫……”）或推理（“小动物-喵喵……”）监控。这句话的处理时间表明第二语言的理解监测效率较低，主要是推理信息。此外，在最后一个句子中，通过ERP评估对消歧义词（“cat”）的字面或推理（取决于前一个句子）修订。N400振幅表明，青少年仅在母语情境模型中语义整合了替代概念，而在二语理解过程中则没有。至关重要的是，孩子们用两种语言都很难做到这一点。相比之下，P600表明母语儿童和两种语言青少年通过减少不再有效的初始解释的干扰来进行语义重新分析。我们的研究结果表明，在文本理解过程中修改情境模型的能力与双语能力之间存在复杂的相互作用。

{"title":"Developmental differences in L1 and L2 text comprehension: An ERP study","authors":"Ana I. Pérez, Nuria Montoro, Almudena Ortega, Carmen Aguirre, Giulia Togato, Mª Teresa Bajo","doi":"10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Text comprehension relies on high-level cognitive processes. These processes might be challenging for young readers, especially when comprehension takes place in a non-native language, an issue that remains unexplored. Twenty-four children and twenty-six adolescent early sequential bilinguals, were presented with narratives in L1-Spanish and L2-English. Each text biased an initial inference (“baby”), which then required either literal (“<em>The little cat…</em>”) or inferential (“<em>The little animal − meow…</em>”) monitoring. Processing times at this sentence suggested less efficient comprehension monitoring in the L2, mainly with inferential information. Moreover, in a final sentence, either literal or inferential (depending on the previous sentence) revision was assessed by ERP to a disambiguating word (“<em>cat</em>”). N400 amplitude showed that adolescents semantically integrated the alternative concept into their situation model only in the native language, but not during L2 comprehension. Crucially, children struggled to do so in both languages. In contrast, the P600 suggested that children in the native language and adolescents in both languages performed semantic reanalyses by reducing interference from the no longer valid initial interpretation. Our findings indicate a complex interplay between development and bilingualism in the ability to revise a situation model during text comprehension.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55330,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Language","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 105644"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Language-specific regions in the supplementary motor area: Evidence from verb generation during electrical stimulation mapping 辅助运动区的语言特异性区域：电刺激映射过程中动词生成的证据

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105641

Mireia Hernández , Anna Gasa-Roqué , Alba Gómez-Andres , Ruth Lau , Inmaculada Rico , Montserrat Juncadella , Àngels Camins , Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells , Andreu Gabarrós

Language representation has been attributed to the perisylvian areas of the left hemisphere, with a more widely distributed network in multilingual populations. However, multilingual evidence has long obviated the involvement of regions outside classical perisylvian areas, such as the supplementary motor area (SMA). We aimed to provide novel evidence on the SMA’s role in language localization using electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) during awake brain surgery. We conducted a case-series study of 4 bilingual or multilingual patients with an expansive brain lesion near the SMA who underwent an ESM. Our results evidenced that the stimulation of the left-SMA induced language difficulties during a verb generation task, with a higher proportion of language-specific sites in the pre-SMA region. Moreover, we reported specific language sites for multiple acquired languages. Overall, our study highlighted the SMA as a language-eloquent area, likely linked to lexical decisions, while also being sensitive to different—but not necessarily all—languages of a patient.

语言表征被归因于左半球的外围区域，在多语言人群中具有更广泛的分布网络。然而，多语言证据长期以来一直排除了经典外围区域以外的区域，如辅助运动区（SMA）的参与。我们的目的是在清醒的脑外科手术中使用电刺激映射（ESM）为SMA在语言定位中的作用提供新的证据。我们对4例双语或多语患者进行了病例系列研究，这些患者在SMA附近有扩张性脑病变，并接受了ESM。我们的研究结果证明，在动词生成任务中，左侧sma的刺激导致语言困难，在sma前区域的语言特异性位点比例更高。此外，我们还报道了多种习得语言的特定语言位点。总的来说，我们的研究强调SMA是一个语言表达区域，可能与词汇决策有关，同时也对患者的不同语言敏感，但不一定是所有语言。

{"title":"Language-specific regions in the supplementary motor area: Evidence from verb generation during electrical stimulation mapping","authors":"Mireia Hernández , Anna Gasa-Roqué , Alba Gómez-Andres , Ruth Lau , Inmaculada Rico , Montserrat Juncadella , Àngels Camins , Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells , Andreu Gabarrós","doi":"10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Language representation has been attributed to the perisylvian areas of the left hemisphere, with a more widely distributed network in multilingual populations. However, multilingual evidence has long obviated the involvement of regions outside classical perisylvian areas, such as the supplementary motor area (SMA). We aimed to provide novel evidence on the SMA’s role in language localization using electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) during awake brain surgery. We conducted a case-series study of 4 bilingual or multilingual patients with an expansive brain lesion near the SMA who underwent an ESM. Our results evidenced that the stimulation of the left-SMA induced language difficulties during a verb generation task, with a higher proportion of language-specific sites in the pre-SMA region. Moreover, we reported specific language sites for multiple acquired languages. Overall, our study highlighted the SMA as a language-eloquent area, likely linked to lexical decisions, while also being sensitive to different—but not necessarily all—languages of a patient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55330,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Language","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 105641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145121002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recursive self-feedback enables target language production in aphasia with pathological language mixing 递归自我反馈使病理性语言混合失语症的目标语产生成为可能

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105633

Gerald C. Imaezue , Celine Davis , Krishna Veni Maram , David Ajayi , Mira Goral

Stroke in bilingual adults can lead to aphasia with pathological language mixing (PLM), a rare neurological condition with limited treatment options. Recursive self-feedback (RSF) offers a self-directed approach, allowing individuals with PLM to iteratively self-monitor and correct their language mixing independently. We demonstrated the effects of RSF in a 59-year-old female bilingual speaker of Spanish and English (Patient P3) with severe Broca’s aphasia and PLM, 67-months poststroke. Over 14 intensive RSF sessions (2 h/day, 5 days/week, for 3 weeks), P3 used a mobile app to self-correct her mixing errors and increase the proportion of English words in her spontaneous speech. Post-treatment assessments showed improvements across both treated and untreated narrative prompts, with an 11-point increase in her Aphasia Quotient on the English version of the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised. These findings demonstrate that RSF enables target language production, yielding clinically meaningful language recovery in P3 without external cueing, modelling or feedback. RSF is a promising procedure for aphasia therapy, opening new pathways for targeting language access, control and recovery in aphasia and PLM.

双语成人中风可导致病理性语言混合失语症（PLM），这是一种罕见的神经系统疾病，治疗方案有限。递归自我反馈（RSF）提供了一种自我导向的方法，允许使用PLM的个人迭代地自我监控并独立地纠正他们的语言混合。我们在一名59岁的西班牙语和英语双语女性患者（患者P3）中证实了RSF的效果，该患者患有严重的Broca失语症和PLM，中风后67个月。经过14次密集的RSF训练（每天2小时，每周5天，持续3周），P3使用手机应用程序自我纠正她的混合错误，并增加了英语单词在她自发讲话中的比例。治疗后的评估显示，在接受治疗和未接受治疗的情况下，她的叙事提示都有所改善，在英语版本的《西方失语电池修订版》中，她的失语商数增加了11分。这些发现表明，RSF能够产生目标语言，在没有外部提示、建模或反馈的情况下，在P3中产生具有临床意义的语言恢复。RSF是一种很有前景的失语治疗方法，为针对失语和PLM的语言获取、控制和恢复开辟了新的途径。

{"title":"Recursive self-feedback enables target language production in aphasia with pathological language mixing","authors":"Gerald C. Imaezue , Celine Davis , Krishna Veni Maram , David Ajayi , Mira Goral","doi":"10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stroke in bilingual adults can lead to aphasia with pathological language mixing (PLM), a rare neurological condition with limited treatment options. Recursive self-feedback (RSF) offers a self-directed approach, allowing individuals with PLM to iteratively self-monitor and correct their language mixing independently. We demonstrated the effects of RSF in a 59-year-old female bilingual speaker of Spanish and English (Patient P3) with severe Broca’s aphasia and PLM, 67-months poststroke. Over 14 intensive RSF sessions (2 h/day, 5 days/week, for 3 weeks), P3 used a mobile app to self-correct her mixing errors and increase the proportion of English words in her spontaneous speech. Post-treatment assessments showed improvements across both treated and untreated narrative prompts, with an 11-point increase in her Aphasia Quotient on the English version of the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised. These findings demonstrate that RSF enables target language production, yielding clinically meaningful language recovery in P3 without external cueing, modelling or feedback. RSF is a promising procedure for aphasia therapy, opening new pathways for targeting language access, control and recovery in aphasia and PLM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55330,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Language","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From eye to cortex: Tracing the neurocognitive dynamics of bilingual novel word acquisition 从眼睛到大脑皮层：双语小说词汇习得的神经认知动态追踪

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105632

Yang Fu , Jing Yang , Beatriz Bermúdez-Margaretto , Huili Wang , Damian Enrique Jan Cordón , Alberto Domínguez

The current study examined how native language (L1) orthographic features influence bilinguals’ ability to rapidly form new representations for second-language (L2) written word forms. We assessed eye movements, neural activity, and behavioral performance in sequential bilinguals with L1-L2 orthographical pairs within (Spanish-English) and across (Mandarin Chinese-English) writing systems. Participants were trained on novel English words embedded in naturalistic sentence contexts, followed by a two-day post-training session. Analyses of eye-movement variables, fixation-related potentials, and learning outcomes revealed that Spanish-English bilinguals exhibited more automatic lexical encoding of novel words, reflected in shorter fixations and attenuated early neural responses, whereas Chinese-English bilinguals maintained prolonged attentional engagement across exposures. These divergent exposure-related dynamics predicted post-training performance, with Spanish bilinguals showing greater gains after consolidation. The findings suggest that the neuroplasticity underlying L2 word learning is shaped by pre-existing cortical circuits for native linguistic features, leading to different neural strategies for forming new lexical representations.

目前的研究考察了母语（L1）正字法特征如何影响双语者快速形成第二语言（L2）书面单词形式的新表征的能力。我们评估了在（西班牙-英语）和（汉语-英语）书写系统中使用L1-L2拼写对的顺序双语者的眼球运动、神经活动和行为表现。参与者接受了包含在自然句子语境中的新英语单词的培训，随后是为期两天的培训后课程。对眼动变量、注视相关电位和学习结果的分析表明，西班牙-英语双语者在新单词的自动词汇编码上表现得更强，反映在更短的注视和减弱的早期神经反应上，而中-英语双语者在不同的接触中保持更长的注意参与。这些不同的与暴露相关的动态预测了训练后的表现，西班牙双语者在巩固后表现出更大的进步。研究结果表明，二语词汇学习背后的神经可塑性是由针对母语语言特征的预先存在的皮层回路塑造的，从而导致形成新的词汇表征的不同神经策略。

{"title":"From eye to cortex: Tracing the neurocognitive dynamics of bilingual novel word acquisition","authors":"Yang Fu , Jing Yang , Beatriz Bermúdez-Margaretto , Huili Wang , Damian Enrique Jan Cordón , Alberto Domínguez","doi":"10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study examined how native language (L1) orthographic features influence bilinguals’ ability to rapidly form new representations for second-language (L2) written word forms. We assessed eye movements, neural activity, and behavioral performance in sequential bilinguals with L1-L2 orthographical pairs within (Spanish-English) and across (Mandarin Chinese-English) writing systems. Participants were trained on novel English words embedded in naturalistic sentence contexts, followed by a two-day post-training session. Analyses of eye-movement variables, fixation-related potentials, and learning outcomes revealed that Spanish-English bilinguals exhibited more automatic lexical encoding of novel words, reflected in shorter fixations and attenuated early neural responses, whereas Chinese-English bilinguals maintained prolonged attentional engagement across exposures. These divergent exposure-related dynamics predicted post-training performance, with Spanish bilinguals showing greater gains after consolidation. The findings suggest that the neuroplasticity underlying L2 word learning is shaped by pre-existing cortical circuits for native linguistic features, leading to different neural strategies for forming new lexical representations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55330,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Language","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105632"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0