Brain and Language最新文献_第5页

From eye to cortex: Tracing the neurocognitive dynamics of bilingual novel word acquisition 从眼睛到大脑皮层：双语小说词汇习得的神经认知动态追踪

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105632

Yang Fu , Jing Yang , Beatriz Bermúdez-Margaretto , Huili Wang , Damian Enrique Jan Cordón , Alberto Domínguez

The current study examined how native language (L1) orthographic features influence bilinguals’ ability to rapidly form new representations for second-language (L2) written word forms. We assessed eye movements, neural activity, and behavioral performance in sequential bilinguals with L1-L2 orthographical pairs within (Spanish-English) and across (Mandarin Chinese-English) writing systems. Participants were trained on novel English words embedded in naturalistic sentence contexts, followed by a two-day post-training session. Analyses of eye-movement variables, fixation-related potentials, and learning outcomes revealed that Spanish-English bilinguals exhibited more automatic lexical encoding of novel words, reflected in shorter fixations and attenuated early neural responses, whereas Chinese-English bilinguals maintained prolonged attentional engagement across exposures. These divergent exposure-related dynamics predicted post-training performance, with Spanish bilinguals showing greater gains after consolidation. The findings suggest that the neuroplasticity underlying L2 word learning is shaped by pre-existing cortical circuits for native linguistic features, leading to different neural strategies for forming new lexical representations.

目前的研究考察了母语（L1）正字法特征如何影响双语者快速形成第二语言（L2）书面单词形式的新表征的能力。我们评估了在（西班牙-英语）和（汉语-英语）书写系统中使用L1-L2拼写对的顺序双语者的眼球运动、神经活动和行为表现。参与者接受了包含在自然句子语境中的新英语单词的培训，随后是为期两天的培训后课程。对眼动变量、注视相关电位和学习结果的分析表明，西班牙-英语双语者在新单词的自动词汇编码上表现得更强，反映在更短的注视和减弱的早期神经反应上，而中-英语双语者在不同的接触中保持更长的注意参与。这些不同的与暴露相关的动态预测了训练后的表现，西班牙双语者在巩固后表现出更大的进步。研究结果表明，二语词汇学习背后的神经可塑性是由针对母语语言特征的预先存在的皮层回路塑造的，从而导致形成新的词汇表征的不同神经策略。

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引用次数: 0

An exploratory study and new model of the role of implicit timing in sentence comprehension 内隐时间在句子理解中的探索性研究与新模式

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105635

Arianna N. LaCroix , Corianne Rogalsky

Linguistic prosody is essential for language comprehension, but our recent findings suggest that some people with stroke (PWS) comprehend sentences better when typical prosodic contours are replaced with list-like prosody. We investigated this surprising behavioral finding by examining the neural basis of list prosody using fMRI in neurotypical controls, finding increased activation in the bilateral posterior superior temporal gyri, regardless of sentence structure. In PWS, lesion-symptom mapping revealed distinct effects: those with left posterior superior temporal gyrus and left striatum damage showed slower response times with list prosody for simple sentences and faster but less accurate responses for complex sentences. Conversely, PWS with left globus pallidus damage benefitted from list prosody, showing faster responses for simple sentences and slower but more accurate responses for complex ones. These findings inform a neuroanatomical model of the role of implicit timing in auditory sentence comprehension, providing a framework for future research.

语言韵律对语言理解至关重要，但我们最近的研究结果表明，当一些中风患者用列表韵律代替典型的韵律轮廓时，他们能更好地理解句子。我们通过使用功能磁共振成像检查列表韵律的神经基础来研究这一令人惊讶的行为发现，在神经正常的对照中，发现无论句子结构如何，双侧后颞上回的激活都增加了。在PWS中，病变-症状映射显示出明显的影响：左侧颞后上回和左侧纹状体损伤的患者对简单句的表韵律反应时间较慢，对复杂句的反应速度较快，但准确性较低。相反，左侧苍白球损伤的PWS受益于列表韵律，对简单句子的反应更快，对复杂句子的反应更慢但更准确。这些发现为内隐时间在听觉句子理解中的作用提供了神经解剖学模型，为未来的研究提供了框架。

引用次数: 0

Interhemispheric functional connectivity of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex supports Chinese reading 腹侧枕颞叶皮层的功能连接支持中文阅读

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105634

Xinqi Su , Lala Gu , Rui Hu , XiaoXue Feng , Aqian Li , Jingyu Yang , Leilei Mei

Previous studies have revealed the involvement of the bilateral ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT) in word reading, especially in Chinese character reading. However, the interhemispheric communication mechanisms of the bilateral vOT and how they work in Chinese character reading have not been fully investigated. Two experiments were conducted in this study to address those questions using resting-state and task-based fMRI. Experiment 1 revealed stronger interhemispheric resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in the posterior vOT subregion compared to the middle and anterior subregions and a significant positive correlation with Chinese reading efficiency in the posterior subregion. Experiment 2 further explored the effective connectivity in the Chinese rhythm and semantic judgment tasks using dynamic causal model analysis. Results showed significant interhemispheric intrinsic connections similar to those in the resting state in the posterior subregion and right-to-left modulatory connections in the middle and anterior subregions. In addition, stronger right-to-left modulatory connectivity in the anterior subregion was associated with better behavioral performance in the semantic judgment task. These convergent findings highlight the importance of interhemispheric communication of the bilateral vOT in Chinese character reading.

已有研究表明，双侧腹侧枕颞皮质（vOT）参与文字阅读，尤其是汉字阅读。然而，双侧vOT的脑间交流机制及其在汉字阅读中的作用尚未得到充分的研究。为了解决这些问题，本研究使用静息状态和任务型功能磁共振成像进行了两个实验。实验1显示，脑后区静息状态功能连通性较中前区强，且与中文阅读效率显著正相关。实验2利用动态因果模型分析进一步探讨了汉语节奏判断任务和语义判断任务的有效连通性。结果显示，脑后亚区存在与静息状态相似的内在连接，中前亚区存在与静息状态相似的左-右调节连接。此外，前亚区左右调节连通性强与语义判断任务中较好的行为表现相关。这些趋同的研究结果突出了双侧vOT在汉字阅读中半球间交流的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Does gesture follow speech in describing metaphorical motion events over developmental time? 在描述发展过程中的隐喻运动事件时，手势是否跟随言语？

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105620

Şeyda Özçalışkan , Susan Goldin-Meadow

Children learning structurally different languages display variability in the way they package semantic elements of a physical motion event in gesture, mirroring the patterns found in speech for the same events. In this study, we ask whether these differences extend to metaphorical motion events and, if so, when in development the patterns become evident. We studied the speech and gestures produced by 100 children learning English or Turkish (n = 50/language)—equally divided into 5 age groups: 3–4, 5–6, 7–8, 9–10, 11–12 years—when describing metaphorical motion events (e.g., idea runs out of the mind). We compared the patterns to previously reported findings on the same children describing physical motion (e.g., girl runs out of the house). Our results showed evidence for cross-linguistic differences in the expression of metaphorical motion events in both speech and gesture, akin to cross-linguistic differences observed in the expression of physical motion events. But language-specific patterns emerged later in metaphorical than in physical motion descriptions, both in speech and in co-speech gesture. Our results suggest that gesture and speech form tightly integrated systems in the expression of metaphorical concepts, as they do for the expression of physical events, by children learning structurally different languages.

学习结构不同的语言的儿童在用手势包装物理运动事件的语义元素的方式上表现出可变性，这反映了在言语中发现的相同事件的模式。在这项研究中，我们询问这些差异是否延伸到隐喻运动事件，如果是，当发展模式变得明显。我们研究了100名学习英语或土耳其语的儿童（n = 50/语言）在描述隐喻性运动事件（例如，想法从脑海中消失）时所产生的言语和手势。这些儿童平均分为5个年龄组：3-4岁、5 - 6岁、7-8岁、9-10岁、11-12岁。我们将这些模式与先前报道的同一儿童描述身体运动的发现（例如，女孩跑出房子）进行了比较。我们的研究结果显示了言语和手势中隐喻运动事件表达的跨语言差异，类似于在物理运动事件表达中观察到的跨语言差异。但语言特定模式在隐喻中比在物理运动描述中出现得晚，无论是在说话还是在共同说话的手势中。我们的研究结果表明，通过学习结构不同的语言，手势和语言在隐喻概念的表达中形成了紧密结合的系统，正如它们在物理事件的表达中所做的那样。

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引用次数: 0

Recursive self-feedback enables target language production in aphasia with pathological language mixing 递归自我反馈使病理性语言混合失语症的目标语产生成为可能

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105633

Gerald C. Imaezue , Celine Davis , Krishna Veni Maram , David Ajayi , Mira Goral

Stroke in bilingual adults can lead to aphasia with pathological language mixing (PLM), a rare neurological condition with limited treatment options. Recursive self-feedback (RSF) offers a self-directed approach, allowing individuals with PLM to iteratively self-monitor and correct their language mixing independently. We demonstrated the effects of RSF in a 59-year-old female bilingual speaker of Spanish and English (Patient P3) with severe Broca’s aphasia and PLM, 67-months poststroke. Over 14 intensive RSF sessions (2 h/day, 5 days/week, for 3 weeks), P3 used a mobile app to self-correct her mixing errors and increase the proportion of English words in her spontaneous speech. Post-treatment assessments showed improvements across both treated and untreated narrative prompts, with an 11-point increase in her Aphasia Quotient on the English version of the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised. These findings demonstrate that RSF enables target language production, yielding clinically meaningful language recovery in P3 without external cueing, modelling or feedback. RSF is a promising procedure for aphasia therapy, opening new pathways for targeting language access, control and recovery in aphasia and PLM.

双语成人中风可导致病理性语言混合失语症（PLM），这是一种罕见的神经系统疾病，治疗方案有限。递归自我反馈（RSF）提供了一种自我导向的方法，允许使用PLM的个人迭代地自我监控并独立地纠正他们的语言混合。我们在一名59岁的西班牙语和英语双语女性患者（患者P3）中证实了RSF的效果，该患者患有严重的Broca失语症和PLM，中风后67个月。经过14次密集的RSF训练（每天2小时，每周5天，持续3周），P3使用手机应用程序自我纠正她的混合错误，并增加了英语单词在她自发讲话中的比例。治疗后的评估显示，在接受治疗和未接受治疗的情况下，她的叙事提示都有所改善，在英语版本的《西方失语电池修订版》中，她的失语商数增加了11分。这些发现表明，RSF能够产生目标语言，在没有外部提示、建模或反馈的情况下，在P3中产生具有临床意义的语言恢复。RSF是一种很有前景的失语治疗方法，为针对失语和PLM的语言获取、控制和恢复开辟了新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Categorical perception of the index finger as an American Sign Language phonological construct 食指作为美国手语语音结构的范畴知觉

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105631

LaReina Hingson, Jeffrey J. Green, Brooklyn Lorenc

In American Sign Language, specific handshapes found in the manual alphabet and/or numbering system (such as the pointed index finger—the number “1”—and its bent counterpart—the letter “x”) are assumed to be phonologically distinct under the rationale that bentness of the finger(s) constitutes a phonemic distinctive feature. This study investigates this notion, building on previous behavioral studies of American Sign Language categorical perception of bentness of the index finger. We examined varying levels of bentness between 180° and 90° using a scale ranging from the signs BLACK and SUMMER in the standard dialect. Experiment 1 found that when presented with all levels of bentness, signing participants identified a categorical boundary around 130°. Experiment 2 used EEG to investigate vMMN and P300 responses to within-category and between-category oddballs. This is the first study to our knowledge to use EEG to investigates categorical perception in ASL. The results of Experiment 2 indicated that signing participants did not consistently agree on the 130° boundary, citing a “lack of context” to identify the sign. However, those signing participants who consistently categorized signs according to the boundary determined in Experiment 1 showed stronger P300 responses to between-category differences than to within-category differences. However, even these participants showed no CP effects in the vMMN. This, combined with individual variation in where the category boundary lies, suggests that CP bentness may be a weaker phonological feature in ASL than spoken phonemic features, or may instead be a phonetic, not phonological, feature.

在美国手语中，在手工字母表和/或数字系统中发现的特定手势（如食指指向数字“1”和食指弯曲的字母“x”）被认为在音系上是不同的，理由是手指的弯曲构成了音系上的独特特征。本研究调查了这一概念，建立在之前的美国手语的弯曲的分类知觉食指的行为研究。我们检查了180°和90°之间的不同程度的弯曲，使用的尺度从标准方言中的黑色和夏天的标志。实验1发现，当呈现各种程度的弯曲时，签名参与者识别出130°左右的分类边界。实验2利用脑电图研究了vMMN和P300对类别内和类别间古怪球的反应。据我们所知，这是第一次使用脑电图来研究美国手语的分类知觉。实验2的结果表明，手语参与者并不一致同意130°的边界，理由是“缺乏上下文”来识别手势。然而，一贯按照实验1中确定的边界对手势进行分类的手语参与者，其P300对类别间差异的反应强于对类别内差异的反应。然而，即使这些参与者在vMMN中也没有表现出CP效应。结合范畴边界所在位置的个体差异，这表明CP弯曲可能是美国手语中较弱的音位特征，而不是口语音位特征，或者可能是语音特征，而不是音位特征。

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引用次数: 0

The effects on tACS and tRNS on language function: A literature review tACS和tRNS对语言功能的影响：文献综述

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105630

Leah Urwicz, Silvia Marchesotti, Adrian G. Guggisberg

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) techniques are promising noninvasive tools for modulating language-related neural processes. While transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been well studied, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) remain less characterized. This review synthesizes findings from 11 studies (394 participants) investigating the effects of tACS and tRNS on language processing in neurotypical individuals. Both techniques significantly enhance phonological and semantic processing, with a moderate overall effect size, and with outcomes varying according to stimulation parameters and target regions. The effect remained significant after adjusting for potential publication bias, supporting the robustness of the findings. Prefrontal stimulation was preferentially used for enhancing phonological skills, while stimulation of both temporal and prefrontal areas influenced semantic processing. Future research would benefit from examining network-level effects, developing personalized stimulation protocols, and assessing long-term outcomes − areas that remain underexplored − to advance theoretical understanding and clinical applications.

经颅电刺激（tES）技术是一种很有前途的无创工具，用于调节语言相关的神经过程。虽然经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）已经得到了很好的研究，但经颅交流电刺激（tACS）和经颅随机噪声刺激（tRNS）的研究仍然较少。本综述综合了11项研究（394名参与者）的研究结果，这些研究调查了tACS和tRNS对神经正常个体语言处理的影响。这两种技术都显著增强了语音和语义加工，总体效应大小适中，结果因刺激参数和目标区域而异。在调整了潜在的发表偏倚后，效果仍然显著，支持了研究结果的稳健性。前额叶刺激优先用于提高语音技能，而颞叶和前额叶的刺激都影响语义加工。未来的研究将受益于检查网络层面的效应，开发个性化的刺激方案，以及评估长期结果（这些领域仍未得到充分探索），以推进理论理解和临床应用。

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引用次数: 0

The neural mechanisms underlying semantic unification and semanteme integration 语义统一和语义整合的神经机制

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105629

Wenjia Zhang , Jie Dong , Genyi Feng , Gang Wang , Zongwen Gu , Xu Gao , Xinyi Liu , Hao Yan

The basic composition processing of human language (at least) contains semantic unification and semanteme integration. However, previous researchers only focused on the neural mechanism underlying semantic unification. In the current study, participants were asked to complete both the semantic unification and semanteme integration tasks while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. In each task, the violated and congruent conditions were constructed. The regional activation analyses showed that the violation effect (violated > congruent) elicited more activation in the right anterior temporal lobe (RATL) in the semantic unification task and more widespread activation in the semanteme integration task. Moreover, the results of psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses showed that the violation effect elicited significant connectivity such as between RATL and bilateral angular gyrus (AG) only in the semanteme integration task. Altogether, these results suggested that semanteme integration elicited more activation and functional connectivity compared with semantic unification.

人类语言（至少）的基本构成过程包括语义统一和语义整合。然而，以往的研究只关注语义统一背后的神经机制。在本研究中，参与者被要求在进行功能磁共振成像（fMRI）扫描的同时完成语义统一和语义整合任务。在每个任务中，构造违和条件和一致条件。区域激活分析表明，违逆效应(violation >；在语义统一任务和语义整合任务中，右颞叶前部（RATL）的激活更为广泛。此外，心理生理相互作用（PPI）分析结果表明，违反效应仅在语义整合任务中诱发了RATL与双侧角回（AG）之间的显著连通性。综上所述，这些结果表明，与语义统一相比，语义整合引发了更多的激活和功能连接。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehension and production of relative clauses in Mandarin-speaking children with and without developmental language disorder 有和没有发展性语言障碍的汉语儿童关系从句的理解和产生

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105613

Shenai Hu , Lin Zhong , Maria Teresa Guasti , Shaowei Li

This study investigates the comprehension and production of relative clauses (RCs) in Mandarin-speaking preschool- and school-age children with and without developmental language disorder (DLD). Twenty-one children with DLD (aged 4;2–8;4) and 42 typically developing (TD) children (aged 3;10–8;0) were tested. The results revealed that children with DLD showed no asymmetry between subject RCs (SRCs) and object RCs (ORCs) in comprehension, but demonstrated an SRC advantage in production. They performed less accurately than TD children in both SRCs and ORCs, with TD children exhibiting a clear SRC advantage in both comprehension and production. Moreover, children with DLD displayed a discrepancy between comprehension and production of ORCs, and their working memory capacity was positively associated with RC production. These findings provide novel evidence that Mandarin-speaking children with DLD face significant challenges in acquiring both SRCs and ORCs, offering insights into the nature of syntactic deficits in DLD.

本研究探讨了有发展性语言障碍（DLD）和没有发展性语言障碍（DLD）的汉语学龄前和学龄儿童对关系从句的理解和产生。21名DLD儿童（4岁；2-8岁；4岁）和42名正常发育（TD）儿童（3岁；10-8岁；0岁）进行了测试。结果表明，DLD患儿在理解上不存在主体rc （SRC）和客体rc （ORCs）的不对称，但在产生上表现出SRC优势。他们在SRC和orc方面的表现都不如TD儿童准确，而TD儿童在理解和产生方面都表现出明显的SRC优势。此外，DLD患儿的工作记忆容量与RC的产生呈正相关，其对RC的理解和产生存在差异。这些发现提供了新的证据，表明说普通话的DLD儿童在习得SRCs和ORCs方面面临重大挑战，为DLD句法缺陷的本质提供了见解。

引用次数: 0

Does working memory independently influence language development in bilingual children? A 30-year reflection 工作记忆是否独立影响双语儿童的语言发展？30年的反思

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105628

Kerry Danahy Ebert

In 1992, Harrington posited that working memory is a key constraint on the development of a second language in adults but noted that stronger evidence is needed to establish its independent influence on language. In this paper, I reflect on advances in the study of working memory in bilinguals over the intervening 30 years, focusing on bilingual children. I consider theoretical and methodological changes that avoid confounding language and working memory. Empirical work on the role of working memory in bilingual language development is reviewed, noting that much recent work on this topic considers how language could shape working memory, rather than vice versa. I also discuss evidence from bilingual children with developmental language disorder, a population whose language weaknesses have been partly attributed to working memory constraints. Unifying evidence across bilingual populations – including adults and children, and typical and atypical language learners —is important to continue the field’s advancement.

1992年，哈林顿提出，工作记忆是成年人发展第二语言的一个关键制约因素，但他指出，需要更有力的证据来证明它对语言的独立影响。本文以双语儿童为研究对象，回顾了近30年来双语者工作记忆研究的进展。我考虑理论和方法上的改变，以避免混淆语言和工作记忆。回顾了工作记忆在双语语言发展中的作用的实证研究，注意到最近关于这一主题的许多研究都考虑了语言如何塑造工作记忆，而不是相反。我还讨论了来自患有发展性语言障碍的双语儿童的证据，这些儿童的语言缺陷部分归因于工作记忆限制。在双语人群中——包括成人和儿童，以及典型和非典型语言学习者——统一证据对于继续推进该领域的发展至关重要。

引用次数: 0