Pub Date : 2020-08-25DOI: 10.15446/ABC.V26N1.84343
Cesil Alfonso Solis Medina, S. Zuluaga, Omar Triana-Chávez, Omar Cantillo-Barraza
The continuous search and characterization of triatomine bugs is essential for Chagas disease surveillance programs in areas with ideal ecological conditions for the distribution of these vectors. These activities are necessary to define and optimize intervention strategies. The objective of this work was to determine the presence of triatomine and its infection status in households located in the municipality of Inirida (Guainia). Between 2018 and 2019, we developed a community participation strategy where an active search was essential for the capturing of triatomine bugs. The collected bugs were evaluated by PCR allowing to identify one as Panstrongylus lignarius and four as P. geniculatus . Genotyping showed the presence of TcI Dom confirming infection in both species. Thus, this study presents an update of the infection status of P. geniculatus and the presence of infected P. lignarius in the Guainia region in Colombia.
{"title":"INFECCIÓN NATURAL POR Trypanosoma cruzi (TRYPANOSOMATIDAE) EN TRIATOMINOS INTRADOMÉSTICOS DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE GUAINÍA","authors":"Cesil Alfonso Solis Medina, S. Zuluaga, Omar Triana-Chávez, Omar Cantillo-Barraza","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N1.84343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N1.84343","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous search and characterization of triatomine bugs is essential for Chagas disease surveillance programs in areas with ideal ecological conditions for the distribution of these vectors. These activities are necessary to define and optimize intervention strategies. The objective of this work was to determine the presence of triatomine and its infection status in households located in the municipality of Inirida (Guainia). Between 2018 and 2019, we developed a community participation strategy where an active search was essential for the capturing of triatomine bugs. The collected bugs were evaluated by PCR allowing to identify one as Panstrongylus lignarius and four as P. geniculatus . Genotyping showed the presence of TcI Dom confirming infection in both species. Thus, this study presents an update of the infection status of P. geniculatus and the presence of infected P. lignarius in the Guainia region in Colombia.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"2 1","pages":"127-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89238568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-25DOI: 10.15446/ABC.V26N1.81888
Pedro Jorge Jiménez Prado, Fernando Welington Vásquez Galarza
The interpretation of biological diversity can be very complex, as it exists a dynamic based on the origin and diversification of species, in addition to anthropogenic effects, such as the introduction of invasive species, which can result in the local extinction of the native ones. The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal variation (2012 and 2017), in composition and distribution of the ichthyofauna along the Atacames River in northwestern Ecuador. In 2012 we recorded: 1) the presence of Astyanax ruberrimus , which was reported locally extinct by 2017; and 2) the tilapia ( Orechromis niloticus ) as the only introduced fish species present until 2017, when the addition of the non-native guppy ( Poecilia gillii ) occurred . In addition, the increase in human activities conduced to change in diversity, abundance and distribution of fish along the watercourse, which resulted in dispersing of some species towards the upper reaches of the river basin.
{"title":"CAMBIOS EN DIVERSIDAD Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE PECES NATIVOS CON LA PRESENCIA DE DOS ESPECIES INVASORAS EN EL RÍO ATACAMES, NOROCCIDENTE DEL ECUADOR","authors":"Pedro Jorge Jiménez Prado, Fernando Welington Vásquez Galarza","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N1.81888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N1.81888","url":null,"abstract":"The interpretation of biological diversity can be very complex, as it exists a dynamic based on the origin and diversification of species, in addition to anthropogenic effects, such as the introduction of invasive species, which can result in the local extinction of the native ones. The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal variation (2012 and 2017), in composition and distribution of the ichthyofauna along the Atacames River in northwestern Ecuador. In 2012 we recorded: 1) the presence of Astyanax ruberrimus , which was reported locally extinct by 2017; and 2) the tilapia ( Orechromis niloticus ) as the only introduced fish species present until 2017, when the addition of the non-native guppy ( Poecilia gillii ) occurred . In addition, the increase in human activities conduced to change in diversity, abundance and distribution of fish along the watercourse, which resulted in dispersing of some species towards the upper reaches of the river basin.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"37 1","pages":"81-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89060309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-19DOI: 10.38201/BTHA.ABC.V50.I1.10
S. Davies, Jonathan A. Bell, D. Impson, C. Mabin, Marco Meyer, Chandre Rhoda, Louise Stafford, Kirstin Stephens, Mfundo Tafeni, A. Turner, Nicola J. van Wilgen, John R. U. Wilson, J. Wood, J. Measey
Background: The effectiveness of invasive alien species management in South Africa, and elsewhere, can be mproved by ensuring there are strong links and feedbacks between science and management. The CAPE Invasive Alien Animals Working Group (CAPE IAAWG) was established in 2008 to enhance cooperation among stakeholders such as implementing agencies and researchers, and thereby improve the management of invasive animals in the Greater Cape Floristic Region.Objectives: In this article we highlight where and how the working group has advanced our understanding of research and the implementation of management objectives and consider the working group’s successes and failures.Methods: We analyse the attendance of meetings by different stakeholders and the frequency of discussion topics on meeting agendas throughout the sequence of meetings from 2008 to 2019. We document insights based on published accounts or the experiences of the authors from eight different management projects.Results: Meetings are attended by stakeholders from NGOs, universities, and local, provincial and national government agencies as well as private individuals. Topics of discussion ranged from details of specific alien animal invasions (e.g. the House Crow in Cape Town), to considering the risks posed by broad groups (e.g. earthworms), to specific management techniques (e.g. guidelines for trapping invasive alien birds). Through the eight projects described here the CAPE IAAWG has: (i) contributed to capacity building through funding and advising on post-graduate research projects; (ii) provided ad hoc support to staff of agencies that implement invasive alien animal control; (iii) acted as a focal point for a community of practice that is supportive of decision making and policy development; and (iv) played a vital role in linking research, management and policy in a manner accessible to a broader range of stakeholders. The projects undertaken by the group reveal several lessons for managing invasive animals: (i) the importance of logistics and contract efficiency, (ii) the need for effective stakeholder engagement by the project team, (iii) the need to effectively address conflicts between role players, and (iv) the importance of including ethical and animal rights considerations in the decision making processes.Conclusion: The CAPE IAAWG has been a valuable forum to improve management effectiveness and support implementation decisions. Due to its small cost and time footprint, the working group has remained viable and retained a core of committed members, ensuring ongoing institutional buy-in. The working group will remain successful so long as the group is supported by its members and their organisations.
{"title":"Coordinating invasive alien species management in a biodiversity hotspot: The CAPE Invasive Alien Animals Working Group","authors":"S. Davies, Jonathan A. Bell, D. Impson, C. Mabin, Marco Meyer, Chandre Rhoda, Louise Stafford, Kirstin Stephens, Mfundo Tafeni, A. Turner, Nicola J. van Wilgen, John R. U. Wilson, J. Wood, J. Measey","doi":"10.38201/BTHA.ABC.V50.I1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38201/BTHA.ABC.V50.I1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The effectiveness of invasive alien species management in South Africa, and elsewhere, can be mproved by ensuring there are strong links and feedbacks between science and management. The CAPE Invasive Alien Animals Working Group (CAPE IAAWG) was established in 2008 to enhance cooperation among stakeholders such as implementing agencies and researchers, and thereby improve the management of invasive animals in the Greater Cape Floristic Region.Objectives: In this article we highlight where and how the working group has advanced our understanding of research and the implementation of management objectives and consider the working group’s successes and failures.Methods: We analyse the attendance of meetings by different stakeholders and the frequency of discussion topics on meeting agendas throughout the sequence of meetings from 2008 to 2019. We document insights based on published accounts or the experiences of the authors from eight different management projects.Results: Meetings are attended by stakeholders from NGOs, universities, and local, provincial and national government agencies as well as private individuals. Topics of discussion ranged from details of specific alien animal invasions (e.g. the House Crow in Cape Town), to considering the risks posed by broad groups (e.g. earthworms), to specific management techniques (e.g. guidelines for trapping invasive alien birds). Through the eight projects described here the CAPE IAAWG has: (i) contributed to capacity building through funding and advising on post-graduate research projects; (ii) provided ad hoc support to staff of agencies that implement invasive alien animal control; (iii) acted as a focal point for a community of practice that is supportive of decision making and policy development; and (iv) played a vital role in linking research, management and policy in a manner accessible to a broader range of stakeholders. The projects undertaken by the group reveal several lessons for managing invasive animals: (i) the importance of logistics and contract efficiency, (ii) the need for effective stakeholder engagement by the project team, (iii) the need to effectively address conflicts between role players, and (iv) the importance of including ethical and animal rights considerations in the decision making processes.Conclusion: The CAPE IAAWG has been a valuable forum to improve management effectiveness and support implementation decisions. Due to its small cost and time footprint, the working group has remained viable and retained a core of committed members, ensuring ongoing institutional buy-in. The working group will remain successful so long as the group is supported by its members and their organisations.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74268785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-30DOI: 10.38201/btha.abc.v50.i1.9
A. Witt, Lilian Chimphepo, T. Beale, Winnie Nunda
Background: Mimosa diplotricha is an emerging or established weed in many parts of the world, including many countries in Africa, where it is impacting on biodiversity, crop and pasture production, and driving socio-ecological change. Objectives: To establish the current distribution of M. diplotricha in eastern and southern Africa and its impacts on livelihoods in northern Malawi. Methods: Records on current distribution were collected from roadside surveys, literature reviews and herbarium data. Household surveys were conducted in the Karonga District, Malawi, to understand its impacts on local livelihoods. Results: Mimosa diplotricha is abundant in western Ethiopia, southern Tanzania, and northern and southeastern Malawi with isolated populations in western Rwanda, Burundi, Mozambique, and on the northern shores of Lake Victoria in Uganda. Most respondents said that M. diplotricha invasions were reducing the amount of grass and shrubs in rangelands, with over half saying it reduced crop yields. This invasive plant is also reducing the availability of medicinal plants and other natural resources. Conclusions: Mimosa diplotricha has the potential to significantly expand its range in eastern Africa, and parts of southern Africa, and as such there is an urgent need to develop and implement an integrated management strategy, including biological control, to reduce the negative effects of this invasive plant on local livelihoods.
{"title":"Distribution of Mimosa diplotricha in eastern and southern Africa and its socioecological\u0000impacts in northern Malawi","authors":"A. Witt, Lilian Chimphepo, T. Beale, Winnie Nunda","doi":"10.38201/btha.abc.v50.i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38201/btha.abc.v50.i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mimosa diplotricha is an emerging or established weed in many\u0000parts of the world, including many countries in Africa, where it is impacting on\u0000biodiversity, crop and pasture production, and driving socio-ecological change.\u0000Objectives: To establish the current distribution of M. diplotricha in eastern and\u0000southern Africa and its impacts on livelihoods in northern Malawi.\u0000Methods: Records on current distribution were collected from roadside surveys,\u0000literature reviews and herbarium data. Household surveys were conducted in the\u0000Karonga District, Malawi, to understand its impacts on local livelihoods.\u0000Results: Mimosa diplotricha is abundant in western Ethiopia, southern Tanzania,\u0000and northern and southeastern Malawi with isolated populations in western\u0000Rwanda, Burundi, Mozambique, and on the northern shores of Lake Victoria in\u0000Uganda. Most respondents said that M. diplotricha invasions were reducing the\u0000amount of grass and shrubs in rangelands, with over half saying it reduced crop\u0000yields. This invasive plant is also reducing the availability of medicinal plants and\u0000other natural resources.\u0000Conclusions: Mimosa diplotricha has the potential to significantly expand its\u0000range in eastern Africa, and parts of southern Africa, and as such there is an\u0000urgent need to develop and implement an integrated management strategy, including\u0000biological control, to reduce the negative effects of this invasive plant on\u0000local livelihoods.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78075170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonas Galleazzi Borges, Dionatan Gerber, Bruna Elisa Trentin, Fernando Campanhã Bechara
This study aimed to assess socioenvironmental impacts from implementing the Ecological ICMS Program in a riparian community – Marmeleiro (PR), Brazil –, through a quantitative questionnaire with open and closed questions. Socioenvironmental impacts were identified such as how suitable was the project to properties’ reality and the owners’ opinion about the fences implanted by the Ecologic ICMS for riparian forests protection. The program allowed the isolation of riparian forests (through fencing) and the readjustment of rural roads. The differential in the implementation of actions in this community was the community’s social capital, which has strengthened the social networks. The major community’s environmental concern was the importance relation between riparian forests and quality/quantity of water available. We detected a lack of published articles about Ecologic ICMS programs. For their implementation, it is important to identify riparian farmers’ motivations and to proceed with environmental education actions. We recommend to strength the active social networks and enhance the environmental monitoring by government agencies for the success of these programs.
{"title":"O ICMS Ecológico como ferramenta de conservação: estudo de caso no município de Marmeleiro (PR)","authors":"Jonas Galleazzi Borges, Dionatan Gerber, Bruna Elisa Trentin, Fernando Campanhã Bechara","doi":"10.21726/ABC.V7I2.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21726/ABC.V7I2.150","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess socioenvironmental impacts from implementing the Ecological ICMS Program in a riparian community – Marmeleiro (PR), Brazil –, through a quantitative questionnaire with open and closed questions. Socioenvironmental impacts were identified such as how suitable was the project to properties’ reality and the owners’ opinion about the fences implanted by the Ecologic ICMS for riparian forests protection. The program allowed the isolation of riparian forests (through fencing) and the readjustment of rural roads. The differential in the implementation of actions in this community was the community’s social capital, which has strengthened the social networks. The major community’s environmental concern was the importance relation between riparian forests and quality/quantity of water available. We detected a lack of published articles about Ecologic ICMS programs. For their implementation, it is important to identify riparian farmers’ motivations and to proceed with environmental education actions. We recommend to strength the active social networks and enhance the environmental monitoring by government agencies for the success of these programs.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"70 1","pages":"64-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86257742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carla Marins Santos Santana Viana, Patrícia Ramos de Souza, M. Gorenstein, Daniela Aparecida Estevan, Fernando Campanhã Bechara
conhecimento fenológico papel fundamental na conservação de ecossistemas, comunidades e populações. Os objetivos deste estudo são monitorar e detectar as fenofases de E. pyriformis , em área de restauração florestal, no município de Dois Vizinhos, Paraná. Observaram-se ciclos fenológicos de 12 árvores matrizes, quinzenalmente, durante 24 meses. Houve correlação entre os parâmetros fenológicos vegetativos e as variáveis climáticas de temperatura local e pluviosidade, evidenciada no aumento da produção foliar em meses de temperaturas mais elevadas. Os maiores picos de brotação ocorreram no mês de outubro, variando de 67% a 83% nos anos de 2015 e 2016, respectivamente. A queda foliar mostrou-se inversamente proporcional à brotação, com maiores incidências de queda foliar no outono e no inverno, chegando a 73% em março e 75% em agosto de 2016. Em período de geadas, não houve brotação. Foram encontradas maiores incidências de brotação durante o verão e baixas ABSTRACT E. pyriformis (uvaia) is a fruit species, used in ecological restoration, urban afforestation, for medicinal purposes, food production, maintenance of wild fauna. Phenological knowledge plays a fundamental role in the conservation of ecosystems, communities and populations. The objective of this study was to monitor and detect E. pyriformis phenophases, in a forest restoration area, in the municipality of Dois Vizinhos, Paraná. Phenological cycles of 12 matrix trees were observed, fortnightly, for 24 months. There was a correlation between the vegetative phenological parameters and the climatic variables of local temperature and rainfall, evidenced by the increase in leaf production in months of higher temperatures. The biggest sprouting peaks occurred in October, varying from 67% to 83% in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Leaf fall was inversely proportional to sprouting, with higher incidences of leaf fall, in autumn and winter, reaching 73% in March, and 75% in August 2016. In frost periods, there was no sprouting. Higher incidences of sprouting were observed during the summer and lower in the winter. The leaf fall was more intense in the low temperature season. Other phenophases were not clearly observed, probably due to the early age of the plants.
{"title":"Fenologia de Eugenia pyriformis Cambess (uvaia) em reflorestamento no sudoeste do Paraná","authors":"Carla Marins Santos Santana Viana, Patrícia Ramos de Souza, M. Gorenstein, Daniela Aparecida Estevan, Fernando Campanhã Bechara","doi":"10.21726/ABC.V7I2.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21726/ABC.V7I2.149","url":null,"abstract":"conhecimento fenológico papel fundamental na conservação de ecossistemas, comunidades e populações. Os objetivos deste estudo são monitorar e detectar as fenofases de E. pyriformis , em área de restauração florestal, no município de Dois Vizinhos, Paraná. Observaram-se ciclos fenológicos de 12 árvores matrizes, quinzenalmente, durante 24 meses. Houve correlação entre os parâmetros fenológicos vegetativos e as variáveis climáticas de temperatura local e pluviosidade, evidenciada no aumento da produção foliar em meses de temperaturas mais elevadas. Os maiores picos de brotação ocorreram no mês de outubro, variando de 67% a 83% nos anos de 2015 e 2016, respectivamente. A queda foliar mostrou-se inversamente proporcional à brotação, com maiores incidências de queda foliar no outono e no inverno, chegando a 73% em março e 75% em agosto de 2016. Em período de geadas, não houve brotação. Foram encontradas maiores incidências de brotação durante o verão e baixas ABSTRACT E. pyriformis (uvaia) is a fruit species, used in ecological restoration, urban afforestation, for medicinal purposes, food production, maintenance of wild fauna. Phenological knowledge plays a fundamental role in the conservation of ecosystems, communities and populations. The objective of this study was to monitor and detect E. pyriformis phenophases, in a forest restoration area, in the municipality of Dois Vizinhos, Paraná. Phenological cycles of 12 matrix trees were observed, fortnightly, for 24 months. There was a correlation between the vegetative phenological parameters and the climatic variables of local temperature and rainfall, evidenced by the increase in leaf production in months of higher temperatures. The biggest sprouting peaks occurred in October, varying from 67% to 83% in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Leaf fall was inversely proportional to sprouting, with higher incidences of leaf fall, in autumn and winter, reaching 73% in March, and 75% in August 2016. In frost periods, there was no sprouting. Higher incidences of sprouting were observed during the summer and lower in the winter. The leaf fall was more intense in the low temperature season. Other phenophases were not clearly observed, probably due to the early age of the plants.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"70 1","pages":"58-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84122441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco de Assis Freitas, Alan Cauê de Holanda, P. B. Maracajá, Anderson Bruno Anacleto de Andrade, José Lucas Guilherme Santos, Flávio Sarmento de Oliveira
O bioma caatinga abrange um complexo vegetacional que reune ambientes muito distintos, fisionomias variadas e flora diversificada. A caatinga, mesmo com sua importância socioeconomica, e o menos protegido dentre os biomas brasileiros e sua degradacao pela acao antropica acaba por comprometer cada vez mais os recursos naturais e a sustentabilidade de tal bioma. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se realizar um levantamento da estrutura da vegetacao arboreo-arbustiva de uma area de caatinga no municipio de Vieiropolis, no estado da Paraiba. Para amostragem do componente adulto, instalaram-se 30 unidades amostrais de 20 m x 20 m de forma sistematica, onde foram inventariados todos os individuos com CAP ≥ 6,0 cm. No total, inventariaram-se 1.627 individuos, distribuidos em 16 especies e 10 familias botânicas. O indice de diversidade calculado foi de 1,18 nats.individuo-1. O alto numero de especies tipicas dos estagios iniciais da sucessao e a baixa riqueza floristica sugerem que a area estudada esta em um estagio inicial de sucessao ecologica, mesmo apos mais de tres decadas sem exploracao.
caatinga生物群落包括一个植被复合体，它聚集了非常不同的环境，不同的地貌和不同的植物群。尽管卡廷加具有重要的社会经济意义，是巴西生物群落中受保护最少的生物群落，人类活动对其退化的影响越来越大，最终损害了该生物群落的自然资源和可持续性。在这个意义上，目的是对Paraiba州Vieiropolis市caatinga地区的乔木-灌木植被结构进行调查。对成虫成分进行取样，系统安装30个20 m × 20 m的采样单元，对CAP≥6.0 cm的所有个体进行盘点。共鉴定个体1627个，分布于10科16种。多样性指数为1.18 nats. individual -1。早期传承阶段的典型物种数量高，植物区系丰富度低，表明研究区域处于生态传承的早期阶段，即使在30多年未开发之后。
{"title":"Estrutura fitossociológica da vegetação arbóreo-arbustiva em área de caatinga com histórico de perturbação antrópica na Paraíba, Brasil","authors":"Francisco de Assis Freitas, Alan Cauê de Holanda, P. B. Maracajá, Anderson Bruno Anacleto de Andrade, José Lucas Guilherme Santos, Flávio Sarmento de Oliveira","doi":"10.21726/ABC.V7I1.506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21726/ABC.V7I1.506","url":null,"abstract":"O bioma caatinga abrange um complexo vegetacional que reune ambientes muito distintos, fisionomias variadas e flora diversificada. A caatinga, mesmo com sua importância socioeconomica, e o menos protegido dentre os biomas brasileiros e sua degradacao pela acao antropica acaba por comprometer cada vez mais os recursos naturais e a sustentabilidade de tal bioma. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se realizar um levantamento da estrutura da vegetacao arboreo-arbustiva de uma area de caatinga no municipio de Vieiropolis, no estado da Paraiba. Para amostragem do componente adulto, instalaram-se 30 unidades amostrais de 20 m x 20 m de forma sistematica, onde foram inventariados todos os individuos com CAP ≥ 6,0 cm. No total, inventariaram-se 1.627 individuos, distribuidos em 16 especies e 10 familias botânicas. O indice de diversidade calculado foi de 1,18 nats.individuo-1. O alto numero de especies tipicas dos estagios iniciais da sucessao e a baixa riqueza floristica sugerem que a area estudada esta em um estagio inicial de sucessao ecologica, mesmo apos mais de tres decadas sem exploracao.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"330 1","pages":"92-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90391775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-19DOI: 10.38201/btha.abc.v50.i1.1
Wataru Tokura, Hermenegildo Matimele, J. Smit, M. Hoffman
Background: Deforestation is a complex and dynamic process of widespread concern in sub-Saharan Africa which is influenced by a range of social, economic and biophysical factors. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse patterns of deforestation and its potential drivers in the Licuáti Forest Reserve, a biodiversity hotspot in southern Mozambique between 1990 and 2016. Method: We performed image classification on Landsat imagery at six time steps and interviewed local community members to understand the spatial pattern and rate of forest cover loss over time. We also examined changes in the incidence of fire. Results: A substantial increase in the rate of deforestation since 1990 was detected in this vulnerable thicket vegetation. The probability of deforestation was significantly higher near the major roads, where houses are located. This suggests that the proximity of human settlements to the forest, and access to charcoal markets in urban areas, influenced the spatial pattern. Two key factors 1) charcoal production, and 2) the establishment of settlements and agricultural lands were identified as proximate causes of deforestation. In addition, fires associated with these two causes might amplify the loss of forests in the area. Conclusions: Complex interactions between the drivers of deforestation and socio-economic factors were suggested, as most of the charcoal produced in the region is transported to Maputo. Ongoing road improvements and infrastructural development in the region will likely accelerate the decline in forest cover in the future. This has implications for the biodiversity of the region as well as for the sustainability of local livelihoods, as they often depend on forest products for their daily uses.
{"title":"Long-term changes in forest cover in a global biodiversity hotspot in southern Mozambique","authors":"Wataru Tokura, Hermenegildo Matimele, J. Smit, M. Hoffman","doi":"10.38201/btha.abc.v50.i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38201/btha.abc.v50.i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Deforestation is a complex and dynamic process of widespread concern in sub-Saharan Africa which is influenced by a range of social, economic and biophysical factors.\u0000Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse patterns of deforestation and its potential drivers in the Licuáti Forest Reserve, a biodiversity hotspot in southern Mozambique between 1990 and 2016. Method: We performed image classification on Landsat imagery at six time steps and interviewed local community members to understand the spatial pattern and rate of forest cover loss over time. We also examined changes in the incidence of fire.\u0000Results: A substantial increase in the rate of deforestation since 1990 was detected in this vulnerable thicket vegetation. The probability of deforestation was significantly higher near the major roads, where houses are located. This suggests that the proximity of human settlements to the forest, and access to charcoal markets in urban areas, influenced the spatial pattern. Two key factors 1) charcoal production, and 2) the establishment of settlements and agricultural lands were identified as proximate causes of deforestation. In addition, fires associated with these two causes might amplify the loss of forests in the area.\u0000Conclusions: Complex interactions between the drivers of deforestation and socio-economic factors were suggested, as most of the charcoal produced in the region is transported to Maputo. Ongoing road improvements and infrastructural development in the region will likely accelerate the decline in forest cover in the future. This has implications for the biodiversity of the region as well as for the sustainability of local livelihoods, as they often depend on forest products for their daily uses.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83855491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Estudos sobre a multiplicacao de cultivares de morangueiro recentemente introduzidos no Brasil sao necessarios para verificar o potencial de producao das mudas. Verificaram-se dois meios de cultura (KNOP e MS) e componentes, no estabelecimento e multiplicacao in vitro de Pircinque, a fim de otimizar o protocolo de micropropagacao para o cultivar. Pesquisaram-se concentracoes de PPM® durante o estabelecimento e na multiplicacao, niveis de sacarose, agar, carvao ativado, Fe EDDHa, BAP e GA3. Alem disso, foi avaliada a influencia da “dupla fase”, com combinacoes do meio de cultivo, carvao ativado e BAP. Concluiu-se que, no estabelecimento, KNOP + 2 mL L-1 PPM possibilita maior sobrevivencia dos explantes, enquanto o meio de cultura MS favorece a multiplicacao deles. A adicao dos seguintes componentes e indicada para a maior eficiencia da tecnica: 30 g L-1 sacarose; 6 g L-1 agar; 4 g L-1 carvao ativado; 0,1 g L-1 Fe EDDHA; 1 mg L-1 BAP; e 0,250 mg L-1 GA3. Apos cultivo em meio MS solido, indica-se o uso da tecnica de “dupla fase”, com adicao de MS liquido com a combinacao de 0,5 mg L-1 de BAP e de 4 g L-1 de carvao ativado.
对巴西新引进的草莓品种的繁殖进行研究是必要的，以验证幼苗的生产潜力。摘要对两种培养基(KNOP和MS)及其组分进行了培养和离体增殖试验，以优化该品种的微繁殖方案。研究了PPM®在建立和增殖过程中的浓度、蔗糖、琼脂、活性炭、EDDHa Fe、BAP和GA3的水平。此外，还评价了培养基、活性炭和BAP组合“双相”的影响。结果表明，KNOP + 2ml L- 1ppm可提高外植体的存活率，而MS培养基有利于外植体的增殖。添加以下成分表明该技术的最高效率:30 g L-1蔗糖;6 g L-1琼脂;4 g L-1活性炭;0.1 g L-1 Fe EDDHA;1 mg L-1 BAP;和0.250 mg L-1 GA3。在固体MS培养基中培养后，采用“双相”技术，加入0.5 mg L-1 BAP和4 g L-1活性炭的液体MS。
{"title":"Cultivo in vitro do cultivar italiano de morangueiro Pircinque","authors":"Samila Silva Camargo, Aline Meneguzzi, L. Rufato","doi":"10.21726/ABC.V7I1.648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21726/ABC.V7I1.648","url":null,"abstract":"Estudos sobre a multiplicacao de cultivares de morangueiro recentemente introduzidos no Brasil sao necessarios para verificar o potencial de producao das mudas. Verificaram-se dois meios de cultura (KNOP e MS) e componentes, no estabelecimento e multiplicacao in vitro de Pircinque, a fim de otimizar o protocolo de micropropagacao para o cultivar. Pesquisaram-se concentracoes de PPM® durante o estabelecimento e na multiplicacao, niveis de sacarose, agar, carvao ativado, Fe EDDHa, BAP e GA3. Alem disso, foi avaliada a influencia da “dupla fase”, com combinacoes do meio de cultivo, carvao ativado e BAP. Concluiu-se que, no estabelecimento, KNOP + 2 mL L-1 PPM possibilita maior sobrevivencia dos explantes, enquanto o meio de cultura MS favorece a multiplicacao deles. A adicao dos seguintes componentes e indicada para a maior eficiencia da tecnica: 30 g L-1 sacarose; 6 g L-1 agar; 4 g L-1 carvao ativado; 0,1 g L-1 Fe EDDHA; 1 mg L-1 BAP; e 0,250 mg L-1 GA3. Apos cultivo em meio MS solido, indica-se o uso da tecnica de “dupla fase”, com adicao de MS liquido com a combinacao de 0,5 mg L-1 de BAP e de 4 g L-1 de carvao ativado.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"41 1","pages":"57-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90178172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. J. Gonçalves, S. Camargo, Ana Luiza Arruda, L. Rufato
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar dois meios de cultura combinados com diferentes concentracoes de BAP (6-benzilaminopurina) na propagacao in vitro de pitaia. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina. Os tratamentos constituiram-se de dois meios de cultura (MS e QL modificado) e tres concentracoes de BAP (0, 1 e 2 mg.L-1), originando um esquema fatorial 2x3 em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 10 repeticoes de cinco explantes. O uso do meio de cultura QL modificado na ausencia de BAP (6-benzilaminopurina) assegura media superior para a variavel numero de brotacoes. Para a producao massal de explantes de pitaia (Hylocereus undatus), o meio QL modificado sem a adicao de BAP e uma possibilidade de uso na micropropagacao, com baixo custo e rendimento superior a meios de cultura com suplementacao de BAP.
{"title":"Rápida produção de mudas de pitaia (Hylocereus undatus, Cactaceae) por meio da técnica da micropropagação","authors":"M. J. Gonçalves, S. Camargo, Ana Luiza Arruda, L. Rufato","doi":"10.21726/ABC.V7I1.632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21726/ABC.V7I1.632","url":null,"abstract":"O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar dois meios de cultura combinados com diferentes concentracoes de BAP (6-benzilaminopurina) na propagacao in vitro de pitaia. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina. Os tratamentos constituiram-se de dois meios de cultura (MS e QL modificado) e tres concentracoes de BAP (0, 1 e 2 mg.L-1), originando um esquema fatorial 2x3 em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 10 repeticoes de cinco explantes. O uso do meio de cultura QL modificado na ausencia de BAP (6-benzilaminopurina) assegura media superior para a variavel numero de brotacoes. Para a producao massal de explantes de pitaia (Hylocereus undatus), o meio QL modificado sem a adicao de BAP e uma possibilidade de uso na micropropagacao, com baixo custo e rendimento superior a meios de cultura com suplementacao de BAP.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"22 1","pages":"75-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77845103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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