Pub Date : 2021-09-10DOI: 10.38201/btha.abc.v51.i2.7
W. Nieman, B. V. van Wilgen, A. Leslie
Background: The role of protected areas as sanctuaries for indigenous vegetation in Malawi, particularly miombo woodlands, will become increasingly important in the face of global change and rising human populations. Accurate knowledge of the extent and composition of woody components of plant communities will therefore play a vital part in informing conservation and management initiatives.Objectives: The aims of this study were to (1) classify, describe and map thewoody plant communities of the Majete Wildlife Reserve (MWR) using a combination of remote sensing and on-the-ground surveys, and (2) to compile an inventory of the tree and shrub species present in MWR.Methods: A combination of remote sensing and on-the-ground surveys was used to classify, describe and map the woody plant communities of MWR. Additionally, an inventory of the tree and shrub species in each delineated woody plant community was made.Results: Five distinct woody plant communities, two of which were subdivided into three sub-communities each, were recognised in MWR, and a total of 118 woody plant species within 31 families were identified. A description of the location, structure and species composition of each community is provided. Miombo was the most widespread community (covering 35.9% of the area), while the lower-altitude shrublands and woodlands were the richest floristically.Conclusion: This information is intended to provide a basis for improved management planning and policy development, including fire management, the placement of infrastructure, and the re-introduction of extirpated mammal species, as well as providing a baseline against which to monitor change. Additionally, this study provided an example of how the combination of remote sensing and ground surveys can provide a rapid and relatively inexpensive method for classifying the woody components of communities at a relatively fine scale over large areas, which may become particularly relevant for developing countries and regions that undergo rapid and constant change.
{"title":"Structure and composition of the woody plant communities of Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi","authors":"W. Nieman, B. V. van Wilgen, A. Leslie","doi":"10.38201/btha.abc.v51.i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38201/btha.abc.v51.i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The role of protected areas as sanctuaries for indigenous vegetation in Malawi, particularly miombo woodlands, will become increasingly important in the face of global change and rising human populations. Accurate knowledge of the extent and composition of woody components of plant communities will therefore play a vital part in informing conservation and management initiatives.Objectives: The aims of this study were to (1) classify, describe and map thewoody plant communities of the Majete Wildlife Reserve (MWR) using a combination of remote sensing and on-the-ground surveys, and (2) to compile an inventory of the tree and shrub species present in MWR.Methods: A combination of remote sensing and on-the-ground surveys was used to classify, describe and map the woody plant communities of MWR. Additionally, an inventory of the tree and shrub species in each delineated woody plant community was made.Results: Five distinct woody plant communities, two of which were subdivided into three sub-communities each, were recognised in MWR, and a total of 118 woody plant species within 31 families were identified. A description of the location, structure and species composition of each community is provided. Miombo was the most widespread community (covering 35.9% of the area), while the lower-altitude shrublands and woodlands were the richest floristically.Conclusion: This information is intended to provide a basis for improved management planning and policy development, including fire management, the placement of infrastructure, and the re-introduction of extirpated mammal species, as well as providing a baseline against which to monitor change. Additionally, this study provided an example of how the combination of remote sensing and ground surveys can provide a rapid and relatively inexpensive method for classifying the woody components of communities at a relatively fine scale over large areas, which may become particularly relevant for developing countries and regions that undergo rapid and constant change.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79737080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-25DOI: 10.38201/btha.abc.v51.i2.6
L. Seleteng‐Kose, K. Kobisi, R. Pool-Stanvliet, Khotso Mohapi
Background: Two of Lesotho’s protected areas, namely Bokong Nature Reserve and Tšehlanyane National Park, form the core area of the country’s first proposed Biosphere Reserve. Biodiversity is a key aspect needed to justify nomination of a Biosphere Reserve under UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme. Previously documented biodiversity of the two protected areas is limited in terms of coverage and scope as well as being outdated. The aim of the current study was to conduct a rapid assessment of the biodiversity, including endemism, of the proposed Biosphere Reserve to inform the formal nomination process.Methods: A field survey was undertaken over 112 033 ha in the core, buffer and transition zones of the proposed Biosphere Reserve during which species of both flora and fauna were documented. Purposeful recordings were made during different seasons to incorporate various flowering seasons of the plants, as well as faunal species that may hibernate or migrate seasonally.Results: A total of 380 plant species was recorded, 30 of which are legally protected in the country, 60 endemic to the Drakensberg Mountain Centre, and two species (Aloe polyphylla and Glumicalyx lesuticus) are endemic to Lesotho. The former is the national flower of Lesotho and is under threat due to illegal trade. Sixteen mammal species were recorded, seven of which are legally protected in the country, as well as 53 bird species (including the IUCN Red Listed vulture species, Gyps coprotheres and Gypaetus barbatus). Two fish species were also recorded including Pseudobarbus quathlambae, which is Lesotho’s only known endemic vertebrate species, as well as seven reptile and three amphibian species (two of which are near endemic namely Amietia delalandii and A. vertebralis).Conclusion: This survey has provided valuable baseline information on the biodiversity (particularly regarding the flora and avifauna) of the proposed Biosphere Reserve, which includes two protected areas namely Bokong Nature Reserve and Tšehlanyane National Park. The findings reflect the biodiversity value of the area and will contribute towards its nomination as Lesotho’s first Biosphere Reserve.
{"title":"A rapid biodiversity assessment of Lesotho’s first proposed Biosphere Reserve: a case study of Bokong Nature Reserve and Tšehlanyane National Park","authors":"L. Seleteng‐Kose, K. Kobisi, R. Pool-Stanvliet, Khotso Mohapi","doi":"10.38201/btha.abc.v51.i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38201/btha.abc.v51.i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Two of Lesotho’s protected areas, namely Bokong Nature Reserve and Tšehlanyane National Park, form the core area of the country’s first proposed Biosphere Reserve. Biodiversity is a key aspect needed to justify nomination of a Biosphere Reserve under UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme. Previously documented biodiversity of the two protected areas is limited in terms of coverage and scope as well as being outdated. The aim of the current study was to conduct a rapid assessment of the biodiversity, including endemism, of the proposed Biosphere Reserve to inform the formal nomination process.Methods: A field survey was undertaken over 112 033 ha in the core, buffer and transition zones of the proposed Biosphere Reserve during which species of both flora and fauna were documented. Purposeful recordings were made during different seasons to incorporate various flowering seasons of the plants, as well as faunal species that may hibernate or migrate seasonally.Results: A total of 380 plant species was recorded, 30 of which are legally protected in the country, 60 endemic to the Drakensberg Mountain Centre, and two species (Aloe polyphylla and Glumicalyx lesuticus) are endemic to Lesotho. The former is the national flower of Lesotho and is under threat due to illegal trade. Sixteen mammal species were recorded, seven of which are legally protected in the country, as well as 53 bird species (including the IUCN Red Listed vulture species, Gyps coprotheres and Gypaetus barbatus). Two fish species were also recorded including Pseudobarbus quathlambae, which is Lesotho’s only known endemic vertebrate species, as well as seven reptile and three amphibian species (two of which are near endemic namely Amietia delalandii and A. vertebralis).Conclusion: This survey has provided valuable baseline information on the biodiversity (particularly regarding the flora and avifauna) of the proposed Biosphere Reserve, which includes two protected areas namely Bokong Nature Reserve and Tšehlanyane National Park. The findings reflect the biodiversity value of the area and will contribute towards its nomination as Lesotho’s first Biosphere Reserve.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78997583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.38201/btha.abc.v51.i2.5
C. Stirton, B. du Preez
Otholobium outrampsii (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae) – a new species from the Western Cape Province, South Africa is described and illustrated.
描述了南非西开普省一新种——大菱角蕨(补骨蕨科，豆科)。
{"title":"Otholobium outrampsii (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae) – a new species from the Western Cape, South Africa","authors":"C. Stirton, B. du Preez","doi":"10.38201/btha.abc.v51.i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38201/btha.abc.v51.i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Otholobium outrampsii (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae) – a new species from the Western Cape Province, South Africa is described and illustrated.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"107 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72376418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-20DOI: 10.38201/BTHA.ABC.V51.I2.4
B. Strohbach
Background: The Great Escarpment of southern Africa takes the form of an extended mountainous highland in central-western Namibia, commonly referred to as the ‘Khomas Hochland’. It is regarded as an area of high botanical diversity. Yet only few localised studies on the vegetation composition are available. The Khomas Hochland is formed on the southern part of the Damara Orogen and dominated by metamorphosed sediments. Climatically it forms a transition between the hot desert of the Namib and the slightly cooler hot steppe in the inland.Objectives: To classify and provide syntaxonomical descriptions of the vegetation of the Khomas Hochland.Methods: A dataset comprising 1151 relevés and 914 species was compiled from various surveys, mostly collected under, and to the standards of, the umbrella project ‘Vegetation Survey of Namibia’. For first classifications, the data set was reduced to a synusial set consisting of trees, shrubs, dwarf shrubs and grasses only.Results: The classification resulted in four major landscape units, being the Pre-Namib and Escarpment zone, the Khomas Hochland proper, riverine habitats as well as surrounding lowlands. The classification was further refined using Cocktail procedures to produce 30 associations, one with four sub-associations. These are described in this paper.Conclusion: A classification of synoptic data grouped the associations into five orders and one undefined cluster of associations on specialised desert habitats. Four of these orders correspond to the habitat types identified in the first classification. The fifth order, the Senegalio hereroensis–Tarchonanthoetalia camphorathi, represents high mountains of the central Khomas Hochland, which link biogeographically to the grassland biome in South Africa.
{"title":"Vegetation survey of the Khomas Hochland in central-western Namibia: syntaxonomical descriptions","authors":"B. Strohbach","doi":"10.38201/BTHA.ABC.V51.I2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38201/BTHA.ABC.V51.I2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Great Escarpment of southern Africa takes the form of an extended mountainous highland in central-western Namibia, commonly referred to as the ‘Khomas Hochland’. It is regarded as an area of high botanical diversity. Yet only few localised studies on the vegetation composition are available. The Khomas Hochland is formed on the southern part of the Damara Orogen and dominated by metamorphosed sediments. Climatically it forms a transition between the hot desert of the Namib and the slightly cooler hot steppe in the inland.Objectives: To classify and provide syntaxonomical descriptions of the vegetation of the Khomas Hochland.Methods: A dataset comprising 1151 relevés and 914 species was compiled from various surveys, mostly collected under, and to the standards of, the umbrella project ‘Vegetation Survey of Namibia’. For first classifications, the data set was reduced to a synusial set consisting of trees, shrubs, dwarf shrubs and grasses only.Results: The classification resulted in four major landscape units, being the Pre-Namib and Escarpment zone, the Khomas Hochland proper, riverine habitats as well as surrounding lowlands. The classification was further refined using Cocktail procedures to produce 30 associations, one with four sub-associations. These are described in this paper.Conclusion: A classification of synoptic data grouped the associations into five orders and one undefined cluster of associations on specialised desert habitats. Four of these orders correspond to the habitat types identified in the first classification. The fifth order, the Senegalio hereroensis–Tarchonanthoetalia camphorathi, represents high mountains of the central Khomas Hochland, which link biogeographically to the grassland biome in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"383 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83889672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.38201/BTHA.ABC.V51.I2.2
T. Mostert, R. Mostert
Abstract Background: Didymoplexis verrucosa is a cryptic leafless saprophytic ground orchid (~70 mm tall) growing on the coastal forest floors of southern Zululand and classified as Vulnerable (D2). As part of a population monitoring programme, 960 man-hours of species specific searching over five consecutive flowering seasons were conducted, yielding only one individual plant. Objective: The aim of this study was to increase detection rate by developing a profile of environmental indicators for the accurate identification of suitable habitat. Methods: A detailed description of suitable habitat was compiled based on the Braun-Blanquet approach. Results: The results showed that key attributes shared by localities include similar topographic position in the landscape, hydrology, soils, vegetation composition and structure, forest age, leaf-litter composition of the forest floor, the co-occurrence of Isoglossa woodii, and a similar degree of protection from sunlight, wind and desiccation. Significance of the findings: This profile of essential habitat characteristics can be used as a surrogate in the absence of actual locality data when identifying target conservation areas and compiling management strategies for this very cryptic species. A by-product of this habitat analysis was the discovery of a long list of impacts on the long term survival of D. verrucosa. The combination of these stochastic and deterministic events will drive habitat change at rates beyond the species’ ability to adapt. Managing these variables forms the crux of its successful conservation. A conservation status revision, based on the formal IUCN criteria, indicate that D. verrucosa should be reclassified as Critically Endangered Category B2a and D.
{"title":"Monitoring and conservation of the rare orchid Didimoplexis verrucosa in the face of change","authors":"T. Mostert, R. Mostert","doi":"10.38201/BTHA.ABC.V51.I2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38201/BTHA.ABC.V51.I2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Background: Didymoplexis verrucosa is a cryptic leafless saprophytic ground orchid (~70 mm tall) growing on the coastal forest floors of southern Zululand and classified as Vulnerable (D2). As part of a population monitoring programme, 960 man-hours of species specific searching over five consecutive flowering seasons were conducted, yielding only one individual plant.\u0000Objective: The aim of this study was to increase detection rate by developing a profile of environmental indicators for the accurate identification of suitable habitat.\u0000Methods: A detailed description of suitable habitat was compiled based on the Braun-Blanquet approach.\u0000Results: The results showed that key attributes shared by localities include similar topographic position in the landscape, hydrology, soils, vegetation composition and structure, forest age, leaf-litter composition of the forest floor, the co-occurrence of Isoglossa woodii, and a similar degree of protection from sunlight, wind and desiccation.\u0000Significance of the findings:\u0000This profile of essential habitat characteristics can be used as a surrogate in the absence of actual locality data when identifying target conservation areas and compiling management strategies for this very cryptic species. A by-product of this habitat analysis was the discovery of a long list of impacts on the long term survival of D. verrucosa. The combination of these stochastic and deterministic events will drive habitat change at rates beyond the species’ ability to adapt. Managing these variables forms the crux of its successful conservation. A conservation status revision, based on the formal IUCN criteria, indicate that D. verrucosa should be reclassified as Critically Endangered Category B2a and D.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84750334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.38201/BTHA.ABC.V51.I2.1
S. P. Sylvester, R. Soreng, M. D. Sylvester, A. Mapaura, Vincent Ralph Clark
Background: The grasses (Poaceae) of the Flora of Southern Africa (FSA) region (i.e. Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia and South Africa) are relatively well documented, for both native and non-native species. Visiting taxonomic expertise nevertheless reveals new FSA and in-country records, particularly of non-native species. Such records provide an opportunity for improving biosecurity relating to potentially invasive but hitherto undetected non-native Poaceae in the FSA region.Objectives: To improve floristic data for non-native Poaceae occurring in theFSA region.Method: Field collections were made, herbarium collections, databases and relevant literature were studied.Results: New records are presented for non-native grasses that were encountered as locally common populations in the Drakensberg Mountain Centre of Floristic Endemism (DMC, Lesotho and South Africa). Festuca rubra and Agrostis capillaris are newly reported for sub-Saharan Africa and southern Africa and are also the first verified specimens reported for the African continent, with previous reports from northern-most Africa (Morocco, Algeria and/or Tunisia) uncertain. Jarava plumosa, introduced from South America and previously known for the whole of Africa from a single population in the Western Cape, South Africa, is newly reported from the border between the Eastern Cape, South Africa and Lesotho. The ecological implications, including the potential to become invasive, are discussed for each species, with taxonomic notes given to help differentiate them from closely resembling taxa.Conclusion: These new records of alien grass species raise concerns over their potential ecological impact, particularly as they are found in an area of conservation importance. Future efforts to monitor their distribution are of importance.
{"title":"New records of alien and potentially invasive grass (Poaceae) species for southern Africa","authors":"S. P. Sylvester, R. Soreng, M. D. Sylvester, A. Mapaura, Vincent Ralph Clark","doi":"10.38201/BTHA.ABC.V51.I2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38201/BTHA.ABC.V51.I2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The grasses (Poaceae) of the Flora of Southern Africa (FSA) region (i.e. Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia and South Africa) are relatively well documented, for both native and non-native species. Visiting taxonomic expertise nevertheless reveals new FSA and in-country records, particularly of non-native species. Such records provide an opportunity for improving biosecurity relating to potentially invasive but hitherto undetected non-native Poaceae in the FSA region.Objectives: To improve floristic data for non-native Poaceae occurring in theFSA region.Method: Field collections were made, herbarium collections, databases and relevant literature were studied.Results: New records are presented for non-native grasses that were encountered as locally common populations in the Drakensberg Mountain Centre of Floristic Endemism (DMC, Lesotho and South Africa). Festuca rubra and Agrostis capillaris are newly reported for sub-Saharan Africa and southern Africa and are also the first verified specimens reported for the African continent, with previous reports from northern-most Africa (Morocco, Algeria and/or Tunisia) uncertain. Jarava plumosa, introduced from South America and previously known for the whole of Africa from a single population in the Western Cape, South Africa, is newly reported from the border between the Eastern Cape, South Africa and Lesotho. The ecological implications, including the potential to become invasive, are discussed for each species, with taxonomic notes given to help differentiate them from closely resembling taxa.Conclusion: These new records of alien grass species raise concerns over their potential ecological impact, particularly as they are found in an area of conservation importance. Future efforts to monitor their distribution are of importance.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90492974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.38201/BTHA.ABC.V51.I2.3
N. Jubase, R. Shackleton, J. Measey
Background: Research and management of biological invasions traditionally focuses on state operated large scale control initiatives, with little emphasis on volunteers. Volunteering can, however, contribute to detection, eradication and containment of invasive alien plant species (IAPS). Understanding the extent of involvement of volunteers in invasive alien species management is important. Similarly, understanding volunteers’ motivations to volunteering is important to improve the success of invasive alien species management. Objective: In this study we aimed to: 1) identify volunteer groups controlling IAPS in the Western Cape province of South Africa, 2) understand their practices and contributions towards detecting and controlling IAPS, 3) examine volunteer’s motivations for controlling IAPS, and, 4) identify the challenges individual volunteers and groups face. Methods: The data were collected using online questionnaires. Results: In total, we identified 52 volunteer groups. We broadly estimate that these groups clear nearly 8000 ha of land with estimated labour costs of ZAR 6.5 million annually (equivalent to USD 0.38 million) when aligned with formal state management cost estimates. Most volunteer groups raise their own funds to facilitate their work, however, many suggest support from government entities, landowners and Non-Government Organisations would help. Most volunteers (82%) detect and report invasive species to their team leaders, citizen science platforms and relevant authorities. Volunteers themselves gain physical and psychological fulfilment and build their social capital by meeting new people. Conclusion: Our findings point to the valuable contribution of these groups, but also the need for better co-ordination and engagement between volunteer groups and mandated authorities on science, policy and management.
{"title":"Motivations and contributions of volunteer groups in the management of invasive alien plants in South Africa’s Western Cape province","authors":"N. Jubase, R. Shackleton, J. Measey","doi":"10.38201/BTHA.ABC.V51.I2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38201/BTHA.ABC.V51.I2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Research and management of biological invasions traditionally focuses on state operated large scale control initiatives, with little emphasis on volunteers. Volunteering can, however, contribute to detection, eradication and containment of invasive alien plant species (IAPS). Understanding the extent of involvement of volunteers in invasive alien species management is important. Similarly, understanding volunteers’ motivations to volunteering is important to improve the success of invasive alien species management. Objective: In this study we aimed to: 1) identify volunteer groups controlling IAPS in the Western Cape province of South Africa, 2) understand their practices and contributions towards detecting and controlling IAPS, 3) examine volunteer’s motivations for controlling IAPS, and, 4) identify the challenges individual volunteers and groups face. Methods: The data were collected using online questionnaires. Results: In total, we identified 52 volunteer groups. We broadly estimate that these groups clear nearly 8000 ha of land with estimated labour costs of ZAR 6.5 million annually (equivalent to USD 0.38 million) when aligned with formal state management cost estimates. Most volunteer groups raise their own funds to facilitate their work, however, many suggest support from government entities, landowners and Non-Government Organisations would help. Most volunteers (82%) detect and report invasive species to their team leaders, citizen science platforms and relevant authorities. Volunteers themselves gain physical and psychological fulfilment and build their social capital by meeting new people. Conclusion: Our findings point to the valuable contribution of these groups, but also the need for better co-ordination and engagement between volunteer groups and mandated authorities on science, policy and management.\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81955439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.15446/ABC.V26N3.85312
Edgar Adrián Vásquez Ávila, Beyker Castañeda Barón
{"title":"PRIMERAS LOCALIDADES REPORTADAS Y AMPLIACIÓN DEL RANGO DE DISTRIBUCIÓN PARA Agamia agami (Ardeidae) EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE VICHADA, COLOMBIA","authors":"Edgar Adrián Vásquez Ávila, Beyker Castañeda Barón","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N3.85312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N3.85312","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"31 1","pages":"470-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85512626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Otilia Ricardo de Farias, R. G. Nobre, Fernando Sarmento de Oliveira, L. A. Silva, J. L. F. Cruz
O sucesso da cajucultura depende da produção de porta-enxertos vigorosos, sendo necessário o uso de substratos ricos em nutrientes disponíveis para produzir mudas robustas. Objetivou-se avaliar a produção e a qualidade de porta-enxertos de cajueiro-anão-precoce sob diferentes doses de esterco ovino. Foi utilizado o delineamento de blocos casualizados com cinco doses de esterco ovino (0, 10, 20, 30 e 40% do volume total do recipiente) e quatro repetições. Foram determinadas as seguintes variáveis: altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, do sistema radicular e total, relação entre a altura da planta e o diâmetro do caule, relação entre a massa seca da parte aérea e a do sistema radicular, relação entre a altura e a massa seca da parte aérea e índice de qualidade de Dickson. A dose de 40% de esterco ovino ao substrato proporcionou o maior número de folhas por planta, diâmetro do caule e massa seca da parte aérea, do sistema radicular e total dos porta-enxertos, que foram sendo considerados aptos à realização da enxertia. O melhor substrato para a formação de porta-enxerto de cajueiro é constituído de 60% de solo e 40% de esterco ovino.
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