Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.15446/ABC.V26N2.86700
Yair Guillermo Molina Martínez
The Channel-billed Toucan (Ramphastos vitellinus ariel) is an omnivorous bird that eventually is nest-robbers. Several birdsongs display anti-predatory strategies such as attacks and mobbing calls to face this kind of predators. This note reports a predatory event of one Channel-billed Toucan upon eggs of Pale-breasted Thrush (Turdus leucomelas), and describe the anti-predatory behavior, principally alert and mobbing calls of the thrush. Even though the Pale-breasted Thrush displayed the anti-predatory behaviors to harass the toucan, the egg predation was not avoided. Although the predation upon eggs by Ramphastos vitellinus has been reported several times, the majority of reports lacks of identity of the bird species affected, this being the first confirmed record in Turdus leucomelas.
{"title":"PREDATION OF PALE-BREASTED THRUSH EGGS BY THE ARIEL TOUCAN IN BRAZIL: FAILURE OF THE ANTI-PREDATORY STRATEGY","authors":"Yair Guillermo Molina Martínez","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N2.86700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N2.86700","url":null,"abstract":"The Channel-billed Toucan (Ramphastos vitellinus ariel) is an omnivorous bird that eventually is nest-robbers. Several birdsongs display anti-predatory strategies such as attacks and mobbing calls to face this kind of predators. This note reports a predatory event of one Channel-billed Toucan upon eggs of Pale-breasted Thrush (Turdus leucomelas), and describe the anti-predatory behavior, principally alert and mobbing calls of the thrush. Even though the Pale-breasted Thrush displayed the anti-predatory behaviors to harass the toucan, the egg predation was not avoided. Although the predation upon eggs by Ramphastos vitellinus has been reported several times, the majority of reports lacks of identity of the bird species affected, this being the first confirmed record in Turdus leucomelas.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"281 1","pages":"278-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73167470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.15446/ABC.V26N2.84142
Juan Felipe Ríos Marin, Enrique Javier Peña Salamanca, Ricardo Benítez Benítez
One of the important factors affecting the chemical characteristics of a metal in solution is the level of acidity. Solution pH affects the cell wall metal binding sites and the metal ion chemistry in water. This study evaluated the effect of pH on the bioaccumulation capacity in the red algae Bostrychia calliptera (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae) exposed to different pH ranges. Algae thallus were subjected to different concentrations of mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb) at concentrations from: 0.1 to 10 mg l-1, for Hg and from 0.1 to 15 mg l-1 for Pb respectively, during the following exposure times: 0, 12, 24 and 96 hours for each ion. Metal concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry according to standard APHA methods. The highest accumulation rates were found when the algae was exposed to pH 7.8 (for both Hg and Pb) which is a level very close to that measured in the study area. The metal concentration in the algae increased linearly until 48 hrs, a time where a greater accumulation efficiency was evident.
{"title":"EFECTO DEL pH EN LAS TASAS DE BIOACUMULACIÓN DE METALES PESADOS EN LA MACROALGA Bostrychia calliptera (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales).","authors":"Juan Felipe Ríos Marin, Enrique Javier Peña Salamanca, Ricardo Benítez Benítez","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N2.84142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N2.84142","url":null,"abstract":"One of the important factors affecting the chemical characteristics of a metal in solution is the level of acidity. Solution pH affects the cell wall metal binding sites and the metal ion chemistry in water. This study evaluated the effect of pH on the bioaccumulation capacity in the red algae Bostrychia calliptera (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae) exposed to different pH ranges. Algae thallus were subjected to different concentrations of mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb) at concentrations from: 0.1 to 10 mg l-1, for Hg and from 0.1 to 15 mg l-1 for Pb respectively, during the following exposure times: 0, 12, 24 and 96 hours for each ion. Metal concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry according to standard APHA methods. The highest accumulation rates were found when the algae was exposed to pH 7.8 (for both Hg and Pb) which is a level very close to that measured in the study area. The metal concentration in the algae increased linearly until 48 hrs, a time where a greater accumulation efficiency was evident.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"13 1","pages":"226-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74906300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.15446/ABC.V26N2.81916
John Freddy Rodriguez Rodriguez, Gabriel Antonio Pinilla agudelo, Ligia Ines Moncada Alvarez
Aquatic macroinvertebrates are recognized as bioindicators of water quality. In Colombia, the studies have mainly been addressed by the family taxonomic level. This work analyzes the responses in abundance, richness, and diversity of the Diptera at the genus level in high Andean rivers (Bogota River and Fucha River), in periods of low and high waters. The specimens were collected with three methods: Surber net, hand net, and rock washing. The average temperature was 12.9 oC and oxygen saturation was close to 100 % or more, except for the lower section of the Bogota River, before the Villapinzon town. 13 690 Diptera were collected from ten families and 40 genera. Taxonomic richness was high with the greatest variation in the lower sections of the two streams. The Chironomidae subfamilies were the most abundant. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that Orthocladiinae were associated with water conductivity; the Gigantodaxgenus (Simuliidae) did not show a clear relationship with any variable; conversely, the genus Simuliumwas linked to the caudal. In general terms, the association between taxa and environmental variables was clearer for genera than for families, but it was not robust enough. It is suggested that to find a higher degree of biota-environment association, it is necessary to carry out analyzes at the species level, considering local and temporal variations.
{"title":"ESTRUCTURA DE LA COMUNIDAD DE DÍPTEROS ACUÁTICOS EN TRAMOS DE LOS CURSOS ALTOS DE LOS RÍOS FUCHA Y BOGOTÁ","authors":"John Freddy Rodriguez Rodriguez, Gabriel Antonio Pinilla agudelo, Ligia Ines Moncada Alvarez","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N2.81916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N2.81916","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic macroinvertebrates are recognized as bioindicators of water quality. In Colombia, the studies have mainly been addressed by the family taxonomic level. This work analyzes the responses in abundance, richness, and diversity of the Diptera at the genus level in high Andean rivers (Bogota River and Fucha River), in periods of low and high waters. The specimens were collected with three methods: Surber net, hand net, and rock washing. The average temperature was 12.9 oC and oxygen saturation was close to 100 % or more, except for the lower section of the Bogota River, before the Villapinzon town. 13 690 Diptera were collected from ten families and 40 genera. Taxonomic richness was high with the greatest variation in the lower sections of the two streams. The Chironomidae subfamilies were the most abundant. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that Orthocladiinae were associated with water conductivity; the Gigantodaxgenus (Simuliidae) did not show a clear relationship with any variable; conversely, the genus Simuliumwas linked to the caudal. In general terms, the association between taxa and environmental variables was clearer for genera than for families, but it was not robust enough. It is suggested that to find a higher degree of biota-environment association, it is necessary to carry out analyzes at the species level, considering local and temporal variations.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"61 1","pages":"147-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78974754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.15446/ABC.V26N2.86406
Ileana Julieta Cortese, M. Castrillo, P. Zapata, M. E. Laczeski
Regardless of the type of technology applied to genome sequencing, sequence filtering is an essential step, where those low-quality readings or part of them are eliminated. In an assembly, the construction of a genome is carried out from the union of short readings in contigs. Some assemblers measure the relationship between sequences of a fixed length (k-mer) that can be affected by the presence of low-quality sequences. A common approach to evaluating assemblies is based on the analysis of the number of contigs, the length of the longest contig, and the value of N50 defined as the length of the contig representing 50 % of the length of the assembly. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the use of raw and filtered reads on the values of the quality parameters obtained in the assembly of the genome of the Bacillus altitudinis 19RS3 strain isolated from Ilex paraguariensis. The quality analysis of both starting files was performed with the FastqC software and the readings were filtered with the Trimmomatic software. The SPAdes software was used for the assembly and the QUAST tool for its evaluation. The best assembly for B. altitudinis19RS3 was obtained from the filtered readings with the value of k-mer 79, which generated 16 contigs greater than 500 bp with an N50 of 931 914 bp and the longest contig of 966 271 bp.
{"title":"EFECTO DEL FILTRADO DE SECUENCIAS EN EL ENSAMBLADO DEL GENOMA DE Bacillus altitudinis AISLADO DE Ilex paraguariensis","authors":"Ileana Julieta Cortese, M. Castrillo, P. Zapata, M. E. Laczeski","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N2.86406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N2.86406","url":null,"abstract":"Regardless of the type of technology applied to genome sequencing, sequence filtering is an essential step, where those low-quality readings or part of them are eliminated. In an assembly, the construction of a genome is carried out from the union of short readings in contigs. Some assemblers measure the relationship between sequences of a fixed length (k-mer) that can be affected by the presence of low-quality sequences. A common approach to evaluating assemblies is based on the analysis of the number of contigs, the length of the longest contig, and the value of N50 defined as the length of the contig representing 50 % of the length of the assembly. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the use of raw and filtered reads on the values of the quality parameters obtained in the assembly of the genome of the Bacillus altitudinis 19RS3 strain isolated from Ilex paraguariensis. The quality analysis of both starting files was performed with the FastqC software and the readings were filtered with the Trimmomatic software. The SPAdes software was used for the assembly and the QUAST tool for its evaluation. The best assembly for B. altitudinis19RS3 was obtained from the filtered readings with the value of k-mer 79, which generated 16 contigs greater than 500 bp with an N50 of 931 914 bp and the longest contig of 966 271 bp.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"35 1","pages":"170-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87312020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.15446/ABC.V26N2.80616
Neiana Pereira Anselmo, Mônica Ferreira de Lima França, Marcio Carvalho Colmerauer dos Santos, J. Pantoja-Lima, Cleide Karoline Pereira da Silva, P. H. Aride, A. T. de Oliveira
The determination of hematological values is used to obtain knowledge about the health conditions of animal species. The bigheaded Amazon River turtles, (Peltocephalus dumerilianus) are considered one of the least known testudine species concerning their biology and health status. Herein, we determined the hematological and plasma biochemical parameters of 17 (eight males and nine females) adult P. dumerilianus to provide reference interval values for clinically healthy individuals. We collected the blood samples by puncturing the femoral vein using long heparinized hypodermic syringes. Sexual dimorphism for individuals was determined by external observation of the shape of the plastron. The average values obtained for the ten hematological and biochemical parameters analyzed were red blood cell count = 0.32 million μL-1; hematocrit = 20.6 %; hemoglobin = 8.5 g dL-1; mean corpuscular volume = 681.6 fL; mean corpuscular hemoglobin = 267.8 pg; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration = 41.9 g dL-1; glucose = 80.6 mg dL-1, total protein = 4.1 g dL-1, triglycerides = 388.9 mg dL-1, and total cholesterol = 79.3 mg dL-1. Despite the sexual dimorphism evidenced for the species, there was no significant statistical difference between males and females for both hematological and biochemical parameters analyzed herein. Based on these results, the population is considered healthy, with parameter values coinciding with previously reported reference ranges for testudines species in the region. The results obtained in this study can be used for assessing the health status of other Amazonian turtle populations, especially in actions aimed at cultivation strategies, management, and species conservation.
血液学值的测定用于获取有关动物物种健康状况的知识。亚马逊河高头龟(Peltocephalus dumerilianus)被认为是生物和健康状况最不为人所知的龟类之一。本研究测定了17例(雄性8例，雌性9例)成年dumerilianus的血液学和血浆生化指标，为临床健康个体提供参考区间值。我们使用长肝素化皮下注射器穿刺股静脉采集血样。个体的两性二态性是通过外部观察板的形状来确定的。10项血液学生化指标的平均值为:红细胞计数= 0.32万μL-1;红细胞压积= 20.6%;血红蛋白= 8.5 g dL-1;平均红细胞体积= 681.6 fL;平均红细胞血红蛋白= 267.8 pg;红细胞血红蛋白平均浓度= 41.9 g dL-1;葡萄糖= 80.6 mg dL-1，总蛋白= 4.1 g dL-1，甘油三酯= 388.9 mg dL-1，总胆固醇= 79.3 mg dL-1。尽管该物种存在性别二态性，但在血液学和生化参数分析中，雌雄之间没有显著的统计学差异。根据这些结果，该种群被认为是健康的，其参数值与先前报道的该地区家鼠物种的参考范围一致。本研究结果可用于评估其他亚马逊河龟种群的健康状况，特别是在针对培养策略、管理和物种保护的行动中。
{"title":"Hematologycal and blood biochemistry parameters of captive big-headed amazon river turtles, Peltocephalus dumerilianus (Testudines: Podocnemididae)","authors":"Neiana Pereira Anselmo, Mônica Ferreira de Lima França, Marcio Carvalho Colmerauer dos Santos, J. Pantoja-Lima, Cleide Karoline Pereira da Silva, P. H. Aride, A. T. de Oliveira","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N2.80616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N2.80616","url":null,"abstract":"The determination of hematological values is used to obtain knowledge about the health conditions of animal species. The bigheaded Amazon River turtles, (Peltocephalus dumerilianus) are considered one of the least known testudine species concerning their biology and health status. Herein, we determined the hematological and plasma biochemical parameters of 17 (eight males and nine females) adult P. dumerilianus to provide reference interval values for clinically healthy individuals. We collected the blood samples by puncturing the femoral vein using long heparinized hypodermic syringes. Sexual dimorphism for individuals was determined by external observation of the shape of the plastron. The average values obtained for the ten hematological and biochemical parameters analyzed were red blood cell count = 0.32 million μL-1; hematocrit = 20.6 %; hemoglobin = 8.5 g dL-1; mean corpuscular volume = 681.6 fL; mean corpuscular hemoglobin = 267.8 pg; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration = 41.9 g dL-1; glucose = 80.6 mg dL-1, total protein = 4.1 g dL-1, triglycerides = 388.9 mg dL-1, and total cholesterol = 79.3 mg dL-1. Despite the sexual dimorphism evidenced for the species, there was no significant statistical difference between males and females for both hematological and biochemical parameters analyzed herein. Based on these results, the population is considered healthy, with parameter values coinciding with previously reported reference ranges for testudines species in the region. The results obtained in this study can be used for assessing the health status of other Amazonian turtle populations, especially in actions aimed at cultivation strategies, management, and species conservation.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"33 1","pages":"207-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73324854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.15446/ABC.V26N2.83289
Edgar Fernando Carrillo Herrera, Susana Ariely Dzib Ek, Horacio Salomón Ballina Gómez
Compensatory plant growth and plant defense are responses to deal with herbivory and light availability. The research focused on compensatory growth responses explained through the influence of morphological and physiological components of plant growth, allocation mass, and plant defense could clarify such process. We studied the effects of herbivory and gap-openness on compensatory growth responses, morphological and physiological components, allocation mass, and chemical defenses in seedlings of Brosimum alicastrumin a subhumid tropical forest. We used a nested design with understory and gap-openness site (n = 3 each) within each replicated site seedling belong to three herbivory treatments (n = 10 each): control, simulated, and natural; and along six months we studied the influence of leaf herbivory on plant growth (mass, leaf area, height, diameter, and leaf production) and production of phenols and leaf toughness. We recorded compensatory growth responses (all plant growth variables) with natural herbivory, subcompensatory (mass, height, and diameter) with simulated and, overcompensatory (leaf production) with natural herbivory although only under gap-openness. We found a higher leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf area (SLA) (both morphological components) under gap-openness and high values of net assimilation rate (NAR) on understory. The mass proportion was highest in leaves and stems on the understory and higher in roots under gap-openness. Leaf herbivory was highest under gap-openness while the phenols of the leaves on understory. We did not find a relationship (trade-off) between defense with plant growth, but it was possible to underline a negative pattern of the leaf phenols under limiting resources environment such as understory.
{"title":"Influencia de la herbivoría y la apertura de claros sobre el crecimiento total de Brosimum alicastrum (Moraceae)","authors":"Edgar Fernando Carrillo Herrera, Susana Ariely Dzib Ek, Horacio Salomón Ballina Gómez","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N2.83289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N2.83289","url":null,"abstract":"Compensatory plant growth and plant defense are responses to deal with herbivory and light availability. The research focused on compensatory growth responses explained through the influence of morphological and physiological components of plant growth, allocation mass, and plant defense could clarify such process. We studied the effects of herbivory and gap-openness on compensatory growth responses, morphological and physiological components, allocation mass, and chemical defenses in seedlings of Brosimum alicastrumin a subhumid tropical forest. We used a nested design with understory and gap-openness site (n = 3 each) within each replicated site seedling belong to three herbivory treatments (n = 10 each): control, simulated, and natural; and along six months we studied the influence of leaf herbivory on plant growth (mass, leaf area, height, diameter, and leaf production) and production of phenols and leaf toughness. We recorded compensatory growth responses (all plant growth variables) with natural herbivory, subcompensatory (mass, height, and diameter) with simulated and, overcompensatory (leaf production) with natural herbivory although only under gap-openness. We found a higher leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf area (SLA) (both morphological components) under gap-openness and high values of net assimilation rate (NAR) on understory. The mass proportion was highest in leaves and stems on the understory and higher in roots under gap-openness. Leaf herbivory was highest under gap-openness while the phenols of the leaves on understory. We did not find a relationship (trade-off) between defense with plant growth, but it was possible to underline a negative pattern of the leaf phenols under limiting resources environment such as understory.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"365 1","pages":"186-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78009645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herein, we report a new record of the milk frog Trachycephalus coriaceus for the Brazilian southern Amazonia and provide an updated geographic distribution map. We collected one specimen of T. coriaceus on 8 november 2016, during a nocturnal survey inside a dense ombrophilous forest in the right bank of the Teles Pires River, municipality of Jacareacanga, southern of Pará State. The record of T. coriaceus to Jacareacanga is the first to the State. The disjoint geographic distribution of this species along de Amazonia may just reflect the paucity of amphibian knowledge throughout this biome and the difficulty to detect this species in the field, given its explosive reproductive behavior.
{"title":"A new record for the milk frog Trachycephalus coriaceus (ANURA: HYLIDAE) from teles pires river, South Amazonia, Brazil","authors":"Vanessa Gonçalves Ferreira, Rafaela Thaler, Henrique Folly, Leandro Alves da Silva","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N2.87779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N2.87779","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, we report a new record of the milk frog Trachycephalus coriaceus for the Brazilian southern Amazonia and provide an updated geographic distribution map. We collected one specimen of T. coriaceus on 8 november 2016, during a nocturnal survey inside a dense ombrophilous forest in the right bank of the Teles Pires River, municipality of Jacareacanga, southern of Pará State. The record of T. coriaceus to Jacareacanga is the first to the State. The disjoint geographic distribution of this species along de Amazonia may just reflect the paucity of amphibian knowledge throughout this biome and the difficulty to detect this species in the field, given its explosive reproductive behavior.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"7 1","pages":"283-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78653918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-14DOI: 10.15446/ABC.V26N2.85132
Fernanda Dias-Silva, Rodney Murillo Peixoto Couto, M. Miguel, G. Adams, Daniel Buhler, E. A. Pereira
Although predatory events are uncommon to be recorded in nature, these data are important tools for understanding prey-predator interaction of the involved species. Snakes of genus Thamnodynastes are known for having an anuran diet, including some species of hylid frogs in their diet. Despite this, this pattern does not include T. chaquensis since there are no records on predation or trophic interaction with hylid frogs.Here, we report the first predatory interaction between T. chaquensis and two hylid frogs in Brazilian Cerrado. The first predation event with treefrog Boana caiapo occurred with success but, the second with B. albopunctatadid not. Connecting trophic links within an ecosystem requires in-depth knowledge of its species and their intraspecific interactions. In this context, records of the predation and predation attempts such as these may help to connect unknown trophic links, which helps to understand aspects of the natural history of the species involved.
{"title":"PREDATORY INTERACTION BETWEEN TWO ANURAN SPECIES WITH Thamnodynastes chaquensis (COLUBRIDAE) IN THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO","authors":"Fernanda Dias-Silva, Rodney Murillo Peixoto Couto, M. Miguel, G. Adams, Daniel Buhler, E. A. Pereira","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N2.85132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N2.85132","url":null,"abstract":"Although predatory events are uncommon to be recorded in nature, these data are important tools for understanding prey-predator interaction of the involved species. Snakes of genus Thamnodynastes are known for having an anuran diet, including some species of hylid frogs in their diet. Despite this, this pattern does not include T. chaquensis since there are no records on predation or trophic interaction with hylid frogs.Here, we report the first predatory interaction between T. chaquensis and two hylid frogs in Brazilian Cerrado. The first predation event with treefrog Boana caiapo occurred with success but, the second with B. albopunctatadid not. Connecting trophic links within an ecosystem requires in-depth knowledge of its species and their intraspecific interactions. In this context, records of the predation and predation attempts such as these may help to connect unknown trophic links, which helps to understand aspects of the natural history of the species involved.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"1 1","pages":"273-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75568139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-14DOI: 10.15446/ABC.V26N2.84569
Paula Diaz Tatis, Camilo Ernesto López Carrascal
One of the challenges facing humanity is to ensure food and adequate nutrition for the nearly eight billion inhabitants of the planet. Cassava roots constitute the fourth most important source of calories for the human population, being one of the pillars of food security. Cassava roots do not have adequate nutritional attributes. Although there are varieties with relatively high values of these compounds, these are far from those necessary to ensure the minimum requirements of the human population. Cassava leaves have a high content of protein, minerals, and vitamins, so they represent an alternative nutritional source. However, their consumption in Latin America is scarce due to the high levels of cyanide they possess. In some countries of Africa and Asia, the leaves are consumed through various recipes that include cooking, thus eliminating a large amount of cyanogen content. This review presents an overview of the nutritional importance of cassava, the different strategies of classical and unconventional genetic improvement aimed at increasing the nutritional content of roots, and the importance of exploiting the intrinsic variability of cassava as a source of varieties and genes that can contribute to the development of strategies directed to developing materials with the appropriate nutritional requirements. Finally, the potential of cassava leaves to be used in complementary programs aimed at improving the nutritional quality of the human population is presented.
{"title":"YUCA: PAN Y CARNE, UNA ALTERNATIVA POTENCIAL PARA HACER FRENTE AL HAMBRE OCULTA","authors":"Paula Diaz Tatis, Camilo Ernesto López Carrascal","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N2.84569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N2.84569","url":null,"abstract":"One of the challenges facing humanity is to ensure food and adequate nutrition for the nearly eight billion inhabitants of the planet. Cassava roots constitute the fourth most important source of calories for the human population, being one of the pillars of food security. Cassava roots do not have adequate nutritional attributes. Although there are varieties with relatively high values of these compounds, these are far from those necessary to ensure the minimum requirements of the human population. Cassava leaves have a high content of protein, minerals, and vitamins, so they represent an alternative nutritional source. However, their consumption in Latin America is scarce due to the high levels of cyanide they possess. In some countries of Africa and Asia, the leaves are consumed through various recipes that include cooking, thus eliminating a large amount of cyanogen content. This review presents an overview of the nutritional importance of cassava, the different strategies of classical and unconventional genetic improvement aimed at increasing the nutritional content of roots, and the importance of exploiting the intrinsic variability of cassava as a source of varieties and genes that can contribute to the development of strategies directed to developing materials with the appropriate nutritional requirements. Finally, the potential of cassava leaves to be used in complementary programs aimed at improving the nutritional quality of the human population is presented.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"16 1","pages":"235-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78874321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-14DOI: 10.15446/ABC.V26N2.83199
Ruth Amanda Acero Camelo, M. Molina, Alfonso Parra Coronado, G. Fischer, Juan Evangelista Carulla Fornaguera
In order to estimate the base temperature (Bt) of growth through the appearance of leaves and calculate the phyllochron for kikuyu grass, three plots were established on three farms in the Provincia of Ubate (Cundinamarca, Colombia) located at different altitudes (2560, 2640, 3143 m. a. s. l.). Measurements were made in four cycles in a period of eight months. The Bt was estimated by the least coefficient of variation method using a second order regression model and the model obtained was validated by the cross-validation method. The Bt values for the first, second, third and fourth leaf were 4.02, 3.68, 3.93, and 3.62 ° C, respectively. For the appearance of the first leaf, the kikuyu required more thermal time (TT) (97.5 accumulated growing degree days (AGDD)) than for the second (74.2 AGDD), third (73.8 AGDD) and fourth leaf (76.0 AGDD) (p 0.05). There was a tendency to a greater number of days required to reach each leaf stage in the farm located at higher altitude and with lower mean temperature. The validation showed an adequate adjustment (r2 = 0.94) and a substantial concordance (CCC = 0.97) between the observed values and the predicted values for the estimated TT with the Bt value obtained for each leaf stage. The results of Bt for kikuyu grass obtained, will allow to make more precise predictions about the phyllochron and generate growth models close to reality.
{"title":"BASE GROWTH TEMPERATURE AND PHYLLOCHRON FOR KIKUYU GRASS (Cenchrus clandestinus; Poaceae)","authors":"Ruth Amanda Acero Camelo, M. Molina, Alfonso Parra Coronado, G. Fischer, Juan Evangelista Carulla Fornaguera","doi":"10.15446/ABC.V26N2.83199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ABC.V26N2.83199","url":null,"abstract":"In order to estimate the base temperature (Bt) of growth through the appearance of leaves and calculate the phyllochron for kikuyu grass, three plots were established on three farms in the Provincia of Ubate (Cundinamarca, Colombia) located at different altitudes (2560, 2640, 3143 m. a. s. l.). Measurements were made in four cycles in a period of eight months. The Bt was estimated by the least coefficient of variation method using a second order regression model and the model obtained was validated by the cross-validation method. The Bt values for the first, second, third and fourth leaf were 4.02, 3.68, 3.93, and 3.62 ° C, respectively. For the appearance of the first leaf, the kikuyu required more thermal time (TT) (97.5 accumulated growing degree days (AGDD)) than for the second (74.2 AGDD), third (73.8 AGDD) and fourth leaf (76.0 AGDD) (p 0.05). There was a tendency to a greater number of days required to reach each leaf stage in the farm located at higher altitude and with lower mean temperature. The validation showed an adequate adjustment (r2 = 0.94) and a substantial concordance (CCC = 0.97) between the observed values and the predicted values for the estimated TT with the Bt value obtained for each leaf stage. The results of Bt for kikuyu grass obtained, will allow to make more precise predictions about the phyllochron and generate growth models close to reality.","PeriodicalId":55336,"journal":{"name":"Bothalia","volume":"1 1","pages":"160-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79822896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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