Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2023.2264558
A. V. Cross, A. Stratford, I. Johnstone, P. J. Lindley
ABSTRACT Capsule Much of the UK’s largest population of Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax shows long-term decline in territory occupancy and productivity. Underlying mechanisms need urgent study to improve conservation delivery for this species in Wales. Aims Periodic census data have shown a localized decline of Red-billed Choughs in Wales, which supported 66% of the UK breeding population in 2014. The aim is to explore the nature of this decline using long-term study data to search for patterns in territory occupancy and breeding performance. Methods Data from annual monitoring of breeding territories in mid- and north Wales, across 25 years and representing 74% of the Welsh population, were analysed to test for variation in occupancy and breeding metrics in relation to territory type, geographic region, and protection status. Results Most territories were coastal, where occupancy fell by 12%. Occupancy of inland territories fell by 72%, accounting for just 24% of territories by 2019. The number of chicks fledged per occupied territory fell by 25% across all territories, but the brood size of successful pairs only fell 9% with neither varying by territory type. Nest success rate fell 17% on the coast but 33% inland. Trends in occupancy and breeding metrics showed little variation between geographic regions and protection status. Conclusion The severe decline of inland nesting Red-billed Choughs could lead to rapid local extinction, but the slower decline in the coastal population is also of concern. Declining breeding performance is a plausible driver of population decline. As current conservation delivery appears ineffective, the mechanism of decline needs urgent study to identify necessary protection measures.
{"title":"Declining territory occupancy and productivity in a Welsh Red-billed Chough <i>Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax</i> population","authors":"A. V. Cross, A. Stratford, I. Johnstone, P. J. Lindley","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2264558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2264558","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Capsule Much of the UK’s largest population of Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax shows long-term decline in territory occupancy and productivity. Underlying mechanisms need urgent study to improve conservation delivery for this species in Wales. Aims Periodic census data have shown a localized decline of Red-billed Choughs in Wales, which supported 66% of the UK breeding population in 2014. The aim is to explore the nature of this decline using long-term study data to search for patterns in territory occupancy and breeding performance. Methods Data from annual monitoring of breeding territories in mid- and north Wales, across 25 years and representing 74% of the Welsh population, were analysed to test for variation in occupancy and breeding metrics in relation to territory type, geographic region, and protection status. Results Most territories were coastal, where occupancy fell by 12%. Occupancy of inland territories fell by 72%, accounting for just 24% of territories by 2019. The number of chicks fledged per occupied territory fell by 25% across all territories, but the brood size of successful pairs only fell 9% with neither varying by territory type. Nest success rate fell 17% on the coast but 33% inland. Trends in occupancy and breeding metrics showed little variation between geographic regions and protection status. Conclusion The severe decline of inland nesting Red-billed Choughs could lead to rapid local extinction, but the slower decline in the coastal population is also of concern. Declining breeding performance is a plausible driver of population decline. As current conservation delivery appears ineffective, the mechanism of decline needs urgent study to identify necessary protection measures.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":"682 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135169884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2023.2260964
Bozena Kalejta-Summers
ABSTRACTCapsule The European breeding population of the Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola is estimated to be stable, but the species has declined in several countries. Describing breeding habitat requirements is important for the conservation and management of the breeding sites.Aims To determine the habitats used by breeding Wood Sandpipers.Methods Two breeding sites of Wood Sandpipers in Highland Scotland were visited regularly during spring and summer in 2006 and 2007; habitat variables were measured at points where birds were detected and compared with random points.Results The birds selected sites with a greater percentage of water cover, bare ground and Carex spp., but with a low index of total obscurity of vegetation.Conclusion By selecting habitat with bare ground, low obscurity of vegetation and shallow water, birds may have sufficient concealment from predators, but also maintain vigilance and obtain good feeding opportunities for themselves and their chicks. AcknowledgementsThe Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) and Forestry Commission Scotland (FCS) made this project possible by providing financial support. I thank R. Summers for his comments on the manuscript and help with statistical analysis, and K. Chisholm for her invaluable help with all the logistics of the project. The owners of the local estates gave their support and permission to conduct this project on their land.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Habitat selection of breeding Wood Sandpipers <i>Tringa glareola</i> in Scotland","authors":"Bozena Kalejta-Summers","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2260964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2260964","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTCapsule The European breeding population of the Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola is estimated to be stable, but the species has declined in several countries. Describing breeding habitat requirements is important for the conservation and management of the breeding sites.Aims To determine the habitats used by breeding Wood Sandpipers.Methods Two breeding sites of Wood Sandpipers in Highland Scotland were visited regularly during spring and summer in 2006 and 2007; habitat variables were measured at points where birds were detected and compared with random points.Results The birds selected sites with a greater percentage of water cover, bare ground and Carex spp., but with a low index of total obscurity of vegetation.Conclusion By selecting habitat with bare ground, low obscurity of vegetation and shallow water, birds may have sufficient concealment from predators, but also maintain vigilance and obtain good feeding opportunities for themselves and their chicks. AcknowledgementsThe Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) and Forestry Commission Scotland (FCS) made this project possible by providing financial support. I thank R. Summers for his comments on the manuscript and help with statistical analysis, and K. Chisholm for her invaluable help with all the logistics of the project. The owners of the local estates gave their support and permission to conduct this project on their land.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2023.2264559
Rob Lensink, Paul van Els
ABSTRACTCapsule The riverine area in the Netherlands is an important wintering area for Great White Egrets Ardea alba. Numbers decline in relation to very cold weather, and increase in relation to peaks in population cycles of Common Vole Microtus arvalis.Aim To analyse the variation in abundance and timing of wintering Great White Egrets between years and roosts.Methods The study area was a 21,000 ha section of the riverine area between the rivers Meuse and Waal. The paper presents the results of eight years of weekly counts of three roosts, one year of 10 roosts and seven years of nearly daily counts of foraging birds in an agricultural landscape. All surveys were carried out outside the breeding season.Results Birds used the area from the end of June until the beginning of April. Abundance strongly varied with small rodent prey availability, with maxima between 15 and 50 birds in years with average prey abundance, and a maximum of 125 individuals in 2019/2020 when prey availability was high. Since most birds foraged on grassland, this suggests a density of two birds per 100 ha in normal years and eight birds per 100 ha in peak years. Each roost covers a foraging area of 2000 ha in total, or 1000 ha grassland. Mean densities were similar between years but there was seasonal variation, with most roost counts peaking during autumn. Birds would temporarily leave the area during spells of snow or frost. In spring, departure towards the breeding grounds was partly dependent on the mean temperature in March.Conclusion Counts of Great White Egrets at roosting and foraging sites in the Netherlands vary seasonally with temperature and prey availability. AcknowledgementsThanks to the conservation organisations Gelders Landschap & Kastelen (André Bonte) and Staatsbosbeheer (Tymen van Heerde) for permission to do field work on their properties. Thanks to Ecco Smit and Roy Sluis, who participated in the counts at Ewijk and Wezelse Plas, and to Ton Ebben for doing counts during my holidays. Also thanks to Astrid Potiek for her critical review of an earlier draft and Job de Jong for preparing the map and calculating land use in Maas & Waal (both Bureau Waardenburg).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
摘要荷兰河滨地区是白鹭的重要越冬区。数量减少与非常寒冷的天气有关，增加与普通田鼠的种群周期高峰有关。目的分析白鹭越冬数量和越冬时间的年际变化。方法选取默兹河和瓦尔河之间21000公顷的河段作为研究区域。本文介绍了在农业景观中8年每周3个栖息地的计数结果，1年10个栖息地的计数结果和7年几乎每天觅食鸟类的计数结果。所有调查都是在繁殖季节之外进行的。结果6月底至4月初，鸟类在该区域内活动频繁。丰度随小型啮齿动物猎物可得性变化强烈，平均猎物丰度年的最大值为15 - 50只，猎物可得性高的2019/2020年最大值为125只。由于大多数鸟类在草地上觅食，这表明在正常年份每100公顷密度为2只鸟，在高峰年份每100公顷密度为8只鸟。每个栖息地的觅食面积为2000公顷，或1000公顷的草地。年平均密度相似，但存在季节差异，秋季为高峰。在下雪或霜冻期间，鸟类会暂时离开该地区。在春季，迁徙到繁殖地的情况部分取决于三月份的平均温度。结论荷兰白鹭在栖息和觅食地的数量随温度和猎物数量的变化而变化。感谢保护组织Gelders Landschap & Kastelen (andr Bonte)和Staatsbosbeheer (Tymen van Heerde)允许我们对他们的财产进行实地工作。感谢Ecco Smit和Roy Sluis，他们参与了在Ewijk和Wezelse平原的计数，感谢Ton Ebben在我的假期里为我计数。还要感谢Astrid Potiek对早期草案的批判性审查，以及Job de Jong准备地图和计算Maas & Waal的土地使用(都是Waardenburg局)。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。
{"title":"Wintering Great White Egrets <i>Ardea alba</i> in a riverine area in the Netherlands: numbers, abundance and timing","authors":"Rob Lensink, Paul van Els","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2264559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2264559","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTCapsule The riverine area in the Netherlands is an important wintering area for Great White Egrets Ardea alba. Numbers decline in relation to very cold weather, and increase in relation to peaks in population cycles of Common Vole Microtus arvalis.Aim To analyse the variation in abundance and timing of wintering Great White Egrets between years and roosts.Methods The study area was a 21,000 ha section of the riverine area between the rivers Meuse and Waal. The paper presents the results of eight years of weekly counts of three roosts, one year of 10 roosts and seven years of nearly daily counts of foraging birds in an agricultural landscape. All surveys were carried out outside the breeding season.Results Birds used the area from the end of June until the beginning of April. Abundance strongly varied with small rodent prey availability, with maxima between 15 and 50 birds in years with average prey abundance, and a maximum of 125 individuals in 2019/2020 when prey availability was high. Since most birds foraged on grassland, this suggests a density of two birds per 100 ha in normal years and eight birds per 100 ha in peak years. Each roost covers a foraging area of 2000 ha in total, or 1000 ha grassland. Mean densities were similar between years but there was seasonal variation, with most roost counts peaking during autumn. Birds would temporarily leave the area during spells of snow or frost. In spring, departure towards the breeding grounds was partly dependent on the mean temperature in March.Conclusion Counts of Great White Egrets at roosting and foraging sites in the Netherlands vary seasonally with temperature and prey availability. AcknowledgementsThanks to the conservation organisations Gelders Landschap & Kastelen (André Bonte) and Staatsbosbeheer (Tymen van Heerde) for permission to do field work on their properties. Thanks to Ecco Smit and Roy Sluis, who participated in the counts at Ewijk and Wezelse Plas, and to Ton Ebben for doing counts during my holidays. Also thanks to Astrid Potiek for her critical review of an earlier draft and Job de Jong for preparing the map and calculating land use in Maas & Waal (both Bureau Waardenburg).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2023.2256511
Andrew J. Stanbury, Dawn E. Balmer, Mark A. Eaton, Philip V. Grice, Nicole Z. Khan, Murray J. Orchard, Simon R. Wotton
ABSTRACTCapsule The first UK European Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur survey, in 2021, estimated the breeding population at 2092 territories.Aims Changes in European Turtle Dove abundance in the UK have been monitored through schemes like the BTO/JNCC/RSPB Breeding Bird Survey, however, sample size is now too low to calculate robust trends going forward. The aims of this volunteer-based survey were to provide a new UK population estimate and create a baseline to monitor future population trends.Methods A stratified random sample of one-kilometre squares were surveyed within the core counties for the species. Elsewhere, one-kilometre squares containing recent European Turtle Dove records were targeted. The survey used a two-visit territory mapping approach, with observers asked to get within 200 metres of potentially suitable nesting or foraging habitat. Visits were undertaken in the early morning, to coincide with peak vocal activity, from 11 May to 31 July.Results The UK population estimate in 2021 was 2092 territories (95% confidence limits, 1559–2782). The species has become increasingly restricted to eastern and southeastern England, with 62.5% of the population estimated to occur in three counties: Kent (682 territories; 32.6%), Suffolk (326; 15.6%) and Essex (300; 14.3%). Additional hotspots occurred in other counties in eastern England, up to North Yorkshire.Conclusion This result suggests a 98% decline in abundance since the 1968–1972 breeding atlas, similar to trends identified from UK bird monitoring schemes, and a substantial contraction in range since the 2007–2011 bird atlas. The temporary cessation of hunting along their European western flyway provides a vital window of opportunity to scale up the delivery of high-quality breeding habitat and increase food availability in the UK. The survey should be repeated in 2026, and regularly thereafter, to help monitor the effectiveness of conservation interventions. AcknowledgementsThe authors thank all the volunteers who took part in the survey, without whom such surveys would not be possible: the BTO Regional Representatives, county bird recorders and county bird clubs who helped to organize it, and those landowners who gave access permission. Thanks also to three field staff who were employed on the survey: Stuart Harris, Andrew O’Neill and Simon Papps, as well as Guy Anderson, Keith Betton, Fiona Burns, Chris Dee (Garganey Consulting), Caroline French, Richard Gregory, Sarah Harris, Bethany Kiamil, Eliza Leat, Tony Morris, Jamie Murphy, Emma Stobart and RSPB Reserve staff, for their advice, help and support throughout the project. We also thank the BirdTrack and eBird organizers for sharing Turtle Dove records. BirdTrack is organized by the BTO for the BTO, RSPB, BirdWatch Ireland, SOC and WOS. The National Turtle Dove Survey was a partnership project coordinated by the RSPB, RBBP and Kent Ornithological Society, with support from BTO and Natural England.Disclosure statementNo potential
{"title":"The status of the UK breeding European Turtle Dove <i>Streptopelia turtur</i> population in 2021","authors":"Andrew J. Stanbury, Dawn E. Balmer, Mark A. Eaton, Philip V. Grice, Nicole Z. Khan, Murray J. Orchard, Simon R. Wotton","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2256511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2256511","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTCapsule The first UK European Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur survey, in 2021, estimated the breeding population at 2092 territories.Aims Changes in European Turtle Dove abundance in the UK have been monitored through schemes like the BTO/JNCC/RSPB Breeding Bird Survey, however, sample size is now too low to calculate robust trends going forward. The aims of this volunteer-based survey were to provide a new UK population estimate and create a baseline to monitor future population trends.Methods A stratified random sample of one-kilometre squares were surveyed within the core counties for the species. Elsewhere, one-kilometre squares containing recent European Turtle Dove records were targeted. The survey used a two-visit territory mapping approach, with observers asked to get within 200 metres of potentially suitable nesting or foraging habitat. Visits were undertaken in the early morning, to coincide with peak vocal activity, from 11 May to 31 July.Results The UK population estimate in 2021 was 2092 territories (95% confidence limits, 1559–2782). The species has become increasingly restricted to eastern and southeastern England, with 62.5% of the population estimated to occur in three counties: Kent (682 territories; 32.6%), Suffolk (326; 15.6%) and Essex (300; 14.3%). Additional hotspots occurred in other counties in eastern England, up to North Yorkshire.Conclusion This result suggests a 98% decline in abundance since the 1968–1972 breeding atlas, similar to trends identified from UK bird monitoring schemes, and a substantial contraction in range since the 2007–2011 bird atlas. The temporary cessation of hunting along their European western flyway provides a vital window of opportunity to scale up the delivery of high-quality breeding habitat and increase food availability in the UK. The survey should be repeated in 2026, and regularly thereafter, to help monitor the effectiveness of conservation interventions. AcknowledgementsThe authors thank all the volunteers who took part in the survey, without whom such surveys would not be possible: the BTO Regional Representatives, county bird recorders and county bird clubs who helped to organize it, and those landowners who gave access permission. Thanks also to three field staff who were employed on the survey: Stuart Harris, Andrew O’Neill and Simon Papps, as well as Guy Anderson, Keith Betton, Fiona Burns, Chris Dee (Garganey Consulting), Caroline French, Richard Gregory, Sarah Harris, Bethany Kiamil, Eliza Leat, Tony Morris, Jamie Murphy, Emma Stobart and RSPB Reserve staff, for their advice, help and support throughout the project. We also thank the BirdTrack and eBird organizers for sharing Turtle Dove records. BirdTrack is organized by the BTO for the BTO, RSPB, BirdWatch Ireland, SOC and WOS. The National Turtle Dove Survey was a partnership project coordinated by the RSPB, RBBP and Kent Ornithological Society, with support from BTO and Natural England.Disclosure statementNo potential","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135481376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2023.2242048
Lewis M. Lamond, David N. Fisher
Using a novel method for testing the effect of gaze direction on flight initiation distances of European Herring Gulls Larus argentatus, we found that distances were significantly shorter for an av...
{"title":"The eyes have it: the response of European Herring Gulls Larus argentatus to human eye-gaze","authors":"Lewis M. Lamond, David N. Fisher","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2242048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2242048","url":null,"abstract":"Using a novel method for testing the effect of gaze direction on flight initiation distances of European Herring Gulls Larus argentatus, we found that distances were significantly shorter for an av...","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2023.2243410
Nerea Prieto, Javier Rodríguez‐Pérez, I. Telletxea, Rubén Ibáñez, Fermín Ansorregi, Aitor Galdós, Aitzol Urruzola, Ixtoan Iriarte, J. Arizaga
ABSTRACT Capsule Environmental conditions in non-breeding areas cause differential winter distribution patterns between age classes in a Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola population wintering in northern Iberia. Aims To determine the factors driving spatial distribution of first-winter and adult birds in the non-breeding period of a population of the Eurasian Woodcock, in order to make decisions for the management of the species. Methods Using a data set of 10 consecutive winters (2009/10–2018/19), we tested for the effect of year, geographical and habitat-related variables on age ratio and body condition of Eurasian Woodcocks wintering in two nearby zones with different hunting regimes in northern Iberia. Results Our results suggest that the age ratio depended mainly on year, month, and altitude. As winters progressed, we observed a higher proportion of first-winter birds occurring at sites with lower altitude. First-winter birds were in poorer body condition than adults, and body condition was higher in mid-winter and spring. The effect of hunting on body condition was unclear. Discussion Variation in the population structure and body condition between age classes are discussed in the context of age-dependent wintering strategies, which to a large extent depend on survival thresholds that take into account foraging efficiency and the risk of predation. The lack of detectable effects of hunting on age structure and body condition precludes us from giving any management recommendations for northern Iberia.
{"title":"Age demographics of a non-breeding Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola population in relation to environmental factors","authors":"Nerea Prieto, Javier Rodríguez‐Pérez, I. Telletxea, Rubén Ibáñez, Fermín Ansorregi, Aitor Galdós, Aitzol Urruzola, Ixtoan Iriarte, J. Arizaga","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2243410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2243410","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Capsule Environmental conditions in non-breeding areas cause differential winter distribution patterns between age classes in a Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola population wintering in northern Iberia. Aims To determine the factors driving spatial distribution of first-winter and adult birds in the non-breeding period of a population of the Eurasian Woodcock, in order to make decisions for the management of the species. Methods Using a data set of 10 consecutive winters (2009/10–2018/19), we tested for the effect of year, geographical and habitat-related variables on age ratio and body condition of Eurasian Woodcocks wintering in two nearby zones with different hunting regimes in northern Iberia. Results Our results suggest that the age ratio depended mainly on year, month, and altitude. As winters progressed, we observed a higher proportion of first-winter birds occurring at sites with lower altitude. First-winter birds were in poorer body condition than adults, and body condition was higher in mid-winter and spring. The effect of hunting on body condition was unclear. Discussion Variation in the population structure and body condition between age classes are discussed in the context of age-dependent wintering strategies, which to a large extent depend on survival thresholds that take into account foraging efficiency and the risk of predation. The lack of detectable effects of hunting on age structure and body condition precludes us from giving any management recommendations for northern Iberia.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":"70 1","pages":"127 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48477958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2023.2239553
P. C. Pototsky, W. Cresswell
ABSTRACT Capsule Over 600 bird atlases projects have been implemented across 93 countries, with at least 380,000 participants. Bird atlases with larger geographical scope had greater research impact but those utilizing online data submission and so higher number of participants had lower research impact. Aims To provide a comprehensive global review of bird atlases, to explore the impact of bird atlases in research, and identify variables that influence impact. Methods A database of bird atlases was compiled. Variables were extracted including: overall survey effort (an index generated using principal components analysis (PCA) comprised of total survey area, number of participants, and number of data records); research impact (an index generated using PCA comprised of bibliometric measures extracted from Scopus and Google Scholar); geographical details; fieldwork, project, and publication timing; fieldwork methods. We then used mixed linear models to explore how these variables differed across atlases, and which were predictors of research impact index. Results As of 2021, over 600 bird atlases projects have been implemented across 93 countries, with at least 380,000 participants worldwide. Total survey area, geopolitical scale, and number of atlas generations had significant positive relationships with research impact. Negative relationships were found between research impact and whether an atlas was published in English and the use of online data submission platforms like eBird. However, we found a significantly positive relationship between atlases using online data submission and our measure of survey effort. Conclusions Bird atlases have been undertaken all around the world at a wide variety of geopolitical scales, and are likely to be influential through widespread impact on knowledge, including research impact and citizen science involvement. Atlases utilizing online data submission generate more data and have a higher level of participant engagement but are less frequently cited by researchers in both scientific and grey literature.
{"title":"A new global review of bird atlases and their contribution to knowledge","authors":"P. C. Pototsky, W. Cresswell","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2239553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2239553","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Capsule Over 600 bird atlases projects have been implemented across 93 countries, with at least 380,000 participants. Bird atlases with larger geographical scope had greater research impact but those utilizing online data submission and so higher number of participants had lower research impact. Aims To provide a comprehensive global review of bird atlases, to explore the impact of bird atlases in research, and identify variables that influence impact. Methods A database of bird atlases was compiled. Variables were extracted including: overall survey effort (an index generated using principal components analysis (PCA) comprised of total survey area, number of participants, and number of data records); research impact (an index generated using PCA comprised of bibliometric measures extracted from Scopus and Google Scholar); geographical details; fieldwork, project, and publication timing; fieldwork methods. We then used mixed linear models to explore how these variables differed across atlases, and which were predictors of research impact index. Results As of 2021, over 600 bird atlases projects have been implemented across 93 countries, with at least 380,000 participants worldwide. Total survey area, geopolitical scale, and number of atlas generations had significant positive relationships with research impact. Negative relationships were found between research impact and whether an atlas was published in English and the use of online data submission platforms like eBird. However, we found a significantly positive relationship between atlases using online data submission and our measure of survey effort. Conclusions Bird atlases have been undertaken all around the world at a wide variety of geopolitical scales, and are likely to be influential through widespread impact on knowledge, including research impact and citizen science involvement. Atlases utilizing online data submission generate more data and have a higher level of participant engagement but are less frequently cited by researchers in both scientific and grey literature.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":"70 1","pages":"84 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43349273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2023.2244258
S. Rebollo, L. M. Díaz-Aranda, Jorge A. Martín-Ávila, María Hernández-García, Marina López-Rodríguez, N. Monteagudo, J. Fernández-Pereira
ABSTRACT Capsule The Asian Hornet Vespa velutina was the second most important species in the diet of the European Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus in southwestern Europe, just four years after the appearance of the exotic wasp in the study area. Aims To assess the consumption of the invasive Asian Hornet by the European Honey Buzzard in southwestern Europe, following the Asian Hornet’s appearance there in 2014. Methods In northwestern Spain, we installed trail cameras in, and collected wasp comb remains from, nine nests of European Honey Buzzards (five in 2018 and four in 2019). We estimated the representation of the Asian Hornet in the birds’ diet, as well as the number of colonies attacked. We also compared the nesting frequency and density of breeding pairs before (2004–13) and after (2014–20) the Asian Hornet’s appearance. Results We detected consumption of the Asian Hornet at all the nests we examined. The Asian Hornet was the second most abundant wasp species in the diet and it was the most abundant in 2018 based on biomass. During the breeding season, each pair of European Honey Buzzards attacked 34–61 colonies in 2018 and 15–28 in 2019. Nesting frequency rose from 60% before the Hornet’s appearance to 100% afterward, while the density of breeding pairs increased by 300%. Conclusion Our results suggest that the Asian Hornet is becoming an important part of the diet of the European Honey Buzzard. This finding opens a research avenue to assess the potential role of the raptor in the management of the invasive social wasp.
{"title":"Assessment of the consumption of the exotic Asian Hornet Vespa velutina by the European Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus in southwestern Europe","authors":"S. Rebollo, L. M. Díaz-Aranda, Jorge A. Martín-Ávila, María Hernández-García, Marina López-Rodríguez, N. Monteagudo, J. Fernández-Pereira","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2244258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2244258","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Capsule The Asian Hornet Vespa velutina was the second most important species in the diet of the European Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus in southwestern Europe, just four years after the appearance of the exotic wasp in the study area. Aims To assess the consumption of the invasive Asian Hornet by the European Honey Buzzard in southwestern Europe, following the Asian Hornet’s appearance there in 2014. Methods In northwestern Spain, we installed trail cameras in, and collected wasp comb remains from, nine nests of European Honey Buzzards (five in 2018 and four in 2019). We estimated the representation of the Asian Hornet in the birds’ diet, as well as the number of colonies attacked. We also compared the nesting frequency and density of breeding pairs before (2004–13) and after (2014–20) the Asian Hornet’s appearance. Results We detected consumption of the Asian Hornet at all the nests we examined. The Asian Hornet was the second most abundant wasp species in the diet and it was the most abundant in 2018 based on biomass. During the breeding season, each pair of European Honey Buzzards attacked 34–61 colonies in 2018 and 15–28 in 2019. Nesting frequency rose from 60% before the Hornet’s appearance to 100% afterward, while the density of breeding pairs increased by 300%. Conclusion Our results suggest that the Asian Hornet is becoming an important part of the diet of the European Honey Buzzard. This finding opens a research avenue to assess the potential role of the raptor in the management of the invasive social wasp.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":"70 1","pages":"136 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42147432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2023.2240553
N. Reid, Ruth Kelly, W. Montgomery
ABSTRACT Capsule Wildfires on moorland reduced bird species richness and abundance, along with the seedbank and abundance of ground beetles and spiders. The effects were detectable three years after the fires took place. Aims To describe the effects of wildfires during the breeding season on moorland birds, their habitat and ecosystem characteristics, by comparing burnt with adjacent unburnt areas in six designated sites up to three years post-fire. Methods Point counts of birds, vegetation height and cover, soil seedbank and pitfall traps were used to examine differences between areas burnt by wildfires and unburnt areas. Results One year after wildfire, bird species richness was 50% lower and abundance 32% lower on burnt compared to adjacent unburnt areas. Wildfire burnt areas had 80% of the species richness and 94% of the abundance of unburnt areas three years after wildfire. Bird species associated with upland moorland, including European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola, Common Redshank Tringa tetanus and Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus, were recorded exclusively in unburnt areas. Wildfire burnt areas were characterized by habitat generalist species and community composition in burnt areas remained distinct from unburnt areas three years after burning. Heather Calluna vulgaris and Erica spp. regenerated to 59% of the height of heather on unburnt areas three years after burning. Compared to unburnt areas, burnt areas had a reduced seedbank (22% lower), and reduced ground beetle (15% lower) and spider abundance (31% lower). Conclusion The immediate impacts of wildfire may differ from managed fires due to their indiscriminate character, where they occur, extent, duration and temperature. Wildfire incidence is likely to increase in cool temperate areas due to climate change and likely to undermine the characteristic features of designated areas. Research should focus on preventing wildfires, reducing their impact and accelerating the recovery of burnt moorland.
{"title":"Impact of wildfires on ecosystems and bird communities on designated areas of blanket bog and heath","authors":"N. Reid, Ruth Kelly, W. Montgomery","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2240553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2240553","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Capsule Wildfires on moorland reduced bird species richness and abundance, along with the seedbank and abundance of ground beetles and spiders. The effects were detectable three years after the fires took place. Aims To describe the effects of wildfires during the breeding season on moorland birds, their habitat and ecosystem characteristics, by comparing burnt with adjacent unburnt areas in six designated sites up to three years post-fire. Methods Point counts of birds, vegetation height and cover, soil seedbank and pitfall traps were used to examine differences between areas burnt by wildfires and unburnt areas. Results One year after wildfire, bird species richness was 50% lower and abundance 32% lower on burnt compared to adjacent unburnt areas. Wildfire burnt areas had 80% of the species richness and 94% of the abundance of unburnt areas three years after wildfire. Bird species associated with upland moorland, including European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola, Common Redshank Tringa tetanus and Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus, were recorded exclusively in unburnt areas. Wildfire burnt areas were characterized by habitat generalist species and community composition in burnt areas remained distinct from unburnt areas three years after burning. Heather Calluna vulgaris and Erica spp. regenerated to 59% of the height of heather on unburnt areas three years after burning. Compared to unburnt areas, burnt areas had a reduced seedbank (22% lower), and reduced ground beetle (15% lower) and spider abundance (31% lower). Conclusion The immediate impacts of wildfire may differ from managed fires due to their indiscriminate character, where they occur, extent, duration and temperature. Wildfire incidence is likely to increase in cool temperate areas due to climate change and likely to undermine the characteristic features of designated areas. Research should focus on preventing wildfires, reducing their impact and accelerating the recovery of burnt moorland.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":"70 1","pages":"113 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42091313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2023.2245192
Sang-Yeon Lee, Junseok Lee, Ha-Cheol Sung
ABSTRACT Capsule Although the Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major and Grey-headed Woodpecker Picus canus have overlapping ranges in South Korea, they occur in areas with different forest structures and the occurrence of each species is associated with their main foods. Aims To investigate the biotic factors related to the occurrence of the Great Spotted Woodpecker and the Grey-headed Woodpecker, two species that frequently inhabit overlapping regions in South Korea. Methods Correlations between the occurrence of the two woodpecker species, forest characteristics, and bird and insect species richness were evaluated based on large-scale public data from the National Ecosystem Survey and a Forest Type Map. Results The occurrence of Great Spotted Woodpeckers was associated with forest stands with at least 75% coniferous trees, whereas the occurrence of Grey-headed Woodpeckers was negatively associated with forested areas with canopy cover exceeding 50%. The occurrence of both species was strongly and positively correlated with the species richness of forest birds. The occurrence of Great Spotted Woodpeckers was correlated with the species richness of Coleoptera, while that of the Grey-headed Woodpecker was correlated with the species richness of Hymenoptera and Diptera. Conclusion The co-occurrence of the two woodpecker species within shared habitats can be explained by low competition due to differences in preferred forest characteristics and in the food sources used by each species.
{"title":"The impact of forest characteristics, and bird and insect diversity on the occurrence of the Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major and Grey-headed Woodpecker Picus canus in South Korea","authors":"Sang-Yeon Lee, Junseok Lee, Ha-Cheol Sung","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2245192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2245192","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Capsule Although the Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major and Grey-headed Woodpecker Picus canus have overlapping ranges in South Korea, they occur in areas with different forest structures and the occurrence of each species is associated with their main foods. Aims To investigate the biotic factors related to the occurrence of the Great Spotted Woodpecker and the Grey-headed Woodpecker, two species that frequently inhabit overlapping regions in South Korea. Methods Correlations between the occurrence of the two woodpecker species, forest characteristics, and bird and insect species richness were evaluated based on large-scale public data from the National Ecosystem Survey and a Forest Type Map. Results The occurrence of Great Spotted Woodpeckers was associated with forest stands with at least 75% coniferous trees, whereas the occurrence of Grey-headed Woodpeckers was negatively associated with forested areas with canopy cover exceeding 50%. The occurrence of both species was strongly and positively correlated with the species richness of forest birds. The occurrence of Great Spotted Woodpeckers was correlated with the species richness of Coleoptera, while that of the Grey-headed Woodpecker was correlated with the species richness of Hymenoptera and Diptera. Conclusion The co-occurrence of the two woodpecker species within shared habitats can be explained by low competition due to differences in preferred forest characteristics and in the food sources used by each species.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":"70 1","pages":"161 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45878213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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