Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2023.2256511
Andrew J. Stanbury, Dawn E. Balmer, Mark A. Eaton, Philip V. Grice, Nicole Z. Khan, Murray J. Orchard, Simon R. Wotton
ABSTRACTCapsule The first UK European Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur survey, in 2021, estimated the breeding population at 2092 territories.Aims Changes in European Turtle Dove abundance in the UK have been monitored through schemes like the BTO/JNCC/RSPB Breeding Bird Survey, however, sample size is now too low to calculate robust trends going forward. The aims of this volunteer-based survey were to provide a new UK population estimate and create a baseline to monitor future population trends.Methods A stratified random sample of one-kilometre squares were surveyed within the core counties for the species. Elsewhere, one-kilometre squares containing recent European Turtle Dove records were targeted. The survey used a two-visit territory mapping approach, with observers asked to get within 200 metres of potentially suitable nesting or foraging habitat. Visits were undertaken in the early morning, to coincide with peak vocal activity, from 11 May to 31 July.Results The UK population estimate in 2021 was 2092 territories (95% confidence limits, 1559–2782). The species has become increasingly restricted to eastern and southeastern England, with 62.5% of the population estimated to occur in three counties: Kent (682 territories; 32.6%), Suffolk (326; 15.6%) and Essex (300; 14.3%). Additional hotspots occurred in other counties in eastern England, up to North Yorkshire.Conclusion This result suggests a 98% decline in abundance since the 1968–1972 breeding atlas, similar to trends identified from UK bird monitoring schemes, and a substantial contraction in range since the 2007–2011 bird atlas. The temporary cessation of hunting along their European western flyway provides a vital window of opportunity to scale up the delivery of high-quality breeding habitat and increase food availability in the UK. The survey should be repeated in 2026, and regularly thereafter, to help monitor the effectiveness of conservation interventions. AcknowledgementsThe authors thank all the volunteers who took part in the survey, without whom such surveys would not be possible: the BTO Regional Representatives, county bird recorders and county bird clubs who helped to organize it, and those landowners who gave access permission. Thanks also to three field staff who were employed on the survey: Stuart Harris, Andrew O’Neill and Simon Papps, as well as Guy Anderson, Keith Betton, Fiona Burns, Chris Dee (Garganey Consulting), Caroline French, Richard Gregory, Sarah Harris, Bethany Kiamil, Eliza Leat, Tony Morris, Jamie Murphy, Emma Stobart and RSPB Reserve staff, for their advice, help and support throughout the project. We also thank the BirdTrack and eBird organizers for sharing Turtle Dove records. BirdTrack is organized by the BTO for the BTO, RSPB, BirdWatch Ireland, SOC and WOS. The National Turtle Dove Survey was a partnership project coordinated by the RSPB, RBBP and Kent Ornithological Society, with support from BTO and Natural England.Disclosure statementNo potential
{"title":"The status of the UK breeding European Turtle Dove <i>Streptopelia turtur</i> population in 2021","authors":"Andrew J. Stanbury, Dawn E. Balmer, Mark A. Eaton, Philip V. Grice, Nicole Z. Khan, Murray J. Orchard, Simon R. Wotton","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2256511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2256511","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTCapsule The first UK European Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur survey, in 2021, estimated the breeding population at 2092 territories.Aims Changes in European Turtle Dove abundance in the UK have been monitored through schemes like the BTO/JNCC/RSPB Breeding Bird Survey, however, sample size is now too low to calculate robust trends going forward. The aims of this volunteer-based survey were to provide a new UK population estimate and create a baseline to monitor future population trends.Methods A stratified random sample of one-kilometre squares were surveyed within the core counties for the species. Elsewhere, one-kilometre squares containing recent European Turtle Dove records were targeted. The survey used a two-visit territory mapping approach, with observers asked to get within 200 metres of potentially suitable nesting or foraging habitat. Visits were undertaken in the early morning, to coincide with peak vocal activity, from 11 May to 31 July.Results The UK population estimate in 2021 was 2092 territories (95% confidence limits, 1559–2782). The species has become increasingly restricted to eastern and southeastern England, with 62.5% of the population estimated to occur in three counties: Kent (682 territories; 32.6%), Suffolk (326; 15.6%) and Essex (300; 14.3%). Additional hotspots occurred in other counties in eastern England, up to North Yorkshire.Conclusion This result suggests a 98% decline in abundance since the 1968–1972 breeding atlas, similar to trends identified from UK bird monitoring schemes, and a substantial contraction in range since the 2007–2011 bird atlas. The temporary cessation of hunting along their European western flyway provides a vital window of opportunity to scale up the delivery of high-quality breeding habitat and increase food availability in the UK. The survey should be repeated in 2026, and regularly thereafter, to help monitor the effectiveness of conservation interventions. AcknowledgementsThe authors thank all the volunteers who took part in the survey, without whom such surveys would not be possible: the BTO Regional Representatives, county bird recorders and county bird clubs who helped to organize it, and those landowners who gave access permission. Thanks also to three field staff who were employed on the survey: Stuart Harris, Andrew O’Neill and Simon Papps, as well as Guy Anderson, Keith Betton, Fiona Burns, Chris Dee (Garganey Consulting), Caroline French, Richard Gregory, Sarah Harris, Bethany Kiamil, Eliza Leat, Tony Morris, Jamie Murphy, Emma Stobart and RSPB Reserve staff, for their advice, help and support throughout the project. We also thank the BirdTrack and eBird organizers for sharing Turtle Dove records. BirdTrack is organized by the BTO for the BTO, RSPB, BirdWatch Ireland, SOC and WOS. The National Turtle Dove Survey was a partnership project coordinated by the RSPB, RBBP and Kent Ornithological Society, with support from BTO and Natural England.Disclosure statementNo potential","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135481376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2023.2242048
Lewis M. Lamond, David N. Fisher
Using a novel method for testing the effect of gaze direction on flight initiation distances of European Herring Gulls Larus argentatus, we found that distances were significantly shorter for an av...
{"title":"The eyes have it: the response of European Herring Gulls Larus argentatus to human eye-gaze","authors":"Lewis M. Lamond, David N. Fisher","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2242048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2242048","url":null,"abstract":"Using a novel method for testing the effect of gaze direction on flight initiation distances of European Herring Gulls Larus argentatus, we found that distances were significantly shorter for an av...","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2023.2243410
Nerea Prieto, Javier Rodríguez‐Pérez, I. Telletxea, Rubén Ibáñez, Fermín Ansorregi, Aitor Galdós, Aitzol Urruzola, Ixtoan Iriarte, J. Arizaga
ABSTRACT Capsule Environmental conditions in non-breeding areas cause differential winter distribution patterns between age classes in a Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola population wintering in northern Iberia. Aims To determine the factors driving spatial distribution of first-winter and adult birds in the non-breeding period of a population of the Eurasian Woodcock, in order to make decisions for the management of the species. Methods Using a data set of 10 consecutive winters (2009/10–2018/19), we tested for the effect of year, geographical and habitat-related variables on age ratio and body condition of Eurasian Woodcocks wintering in two nearby zones with different hunting regimes in northern Iberia. Results Our results suggest that the age ratio depended mainly on year, month, and altitude. As winters progressed, we observed a higher proportion of first-winter birds occurring at sites with lower altitude. First-winter birds were in poorer body condition than adults, and body condition was higher in mid-winter and spring. The effect of hunting on body condition was unclear. Discussion Variation in the population structure and body condition between age classes are discussed in the context of age-dependent wintering strategies, which to a large extent depend on survival thresholds that take into account foraging efficiency and the risk of predation. The lack of detectable effects of hunting on age structure and body condition precludes us from giving any management recommendations for northern Iberia.
{"title":"Age demographics of a non-breeding Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola population in relation to environmental factors","authors":"Nerea Prieto, Javier Rodríguez‐Pérez, I. Telletxea, Rubén Ibáñez, Fermín Ansorregi, Aitor Galdós, Aitzol Urruzola, Ixtoan Iriarte, J. Arizaga","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2243410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2243410","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Capsule Environmental conditions in non-breeding areas cause differential winter distribution patterns between age classes in a Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola population wintering in northern Iberia. Aims To determine the factors driving spatial distribution of first-winter and adult birds in the non-breeding period of a population of the Eurasian Woodcock, in order to make decisions for the management of the species. Methods Using a data set of 10 consecutive winters (2009/10–2018/19), we tested for the effect of year, geographical and habitat-related variables on age ratio and body condition of Eurasian Woodcocks wintering in two nearby zones with different hunting regimes in northern Iberia. Results Our results suggest that the age ratio depended mainly on year, month, and altitude. As winters progressed, we observed a higher proportion of first-winter birds occurring at sites with lower altitude. First-winter birds were in poorer body condition than adults, and body condition was higher in mid-winter and spring. The effect of hunting on body condition was unclear. Discussion Variation in the population structure and body condition between age classes are discussed in the context of age-dependent wintering strategies, which to a large extent depend on survival thresholds that take into account foraging efficiency and the risk of predation. The lack of detectable effects of hunting on age structure and body condition precludes us from giving any management recommendations for northern Iberia.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48477958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2023.2239553
P. C. Pototsky, W. Cresswell
ABSTRACT Capsule Over 600 bird atlases projects have been implemented across 93 countries, with at least 380,000 participants. Bird atlases with larger geographical scope had greater research impact but those utilizing online data submission and so higher number of participants had lower research impact. Aims To provide a comprehensive global review of bird atlases, to explore the impact of bird atlases in research, and identify variables that influence impact. Methods A database of bird atlases was compiled. Variables were extracted including: overall survey effort (an index generated using principal components analysis (PCA) comprised of total survey area, number of participants, and number of data records); research impact (an index generated using PCA comprised of bibliometric measures extracted from Scopus and Google Scholar); geographical details; fieldwork, project, and publication timing; fieldwork methods. We then used mixed linear models to explore how these variables differed across atlases, and which were predictors of research impact index. Results As of 2021, over 600 bird atlases projects have been implemented across 93 countries, with at least 380,000 participants worldwide. Total survey area, geopolitical scale, and number of atlas generations had significant positive relationships with research impact. Negative relationships were found between research impact and whether an atlas was published in English and the use of online data submission platforms like eBird. However, we found a significantly positive relationship between atlases using online data submission and our measure of survey effort. Conclusions Bird atlases have been undertaken all around the world at a wide variety of geopolitical scales, and are likely to be influential through widespread impact on knowledge, including research impact and citizen science involvement. Atlases utilizing online data submission generate more data and have a higher level of participant engagement but are less frequently cited by researchers in both scientific and grey literature.
{"title":"A new global review of bird atlases and their contribution to knowledge","authors":"P. C. Pototsky, W. Cresswell","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2239553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2239553","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Capsule Over 600 bird atlases projects have been implemented across 93 countries, with at least 380,000 participants. Bird atlases with larger geographical scope had greater research impact but those utilizing online data submission and so higher number of participants had lower research impact. Aims To provide a comprehensive global review of bird atlases, to explore the impact of bird atlases in research, and identify variables that influence impact. Methods A database of bird atlases was compiled. Variables were extracted including: overall survey effort (an index generated using principal components analysis (PCA) comprised of total survey area, number of participants, and number of data records); research impact (an index generated using PCA comprised of bibliometric measures extracted from Scopus and Google Scholar); geographical details; fieldwork, project, and publication timing; fieldwork methods. We then used mixed linear models to explore how these variables differed across atlases, and which were predictors of research impact index. Results As of 2021, over 600 bird atlases projects have been implemented across 93 countries, with at least 380,000 participants worldwide. Total survey area, geopolitical scale, and number of atlas generations had significant positive relationships with research impact. Negative relationships were found between research impact and whether an atlas was published in English and the use of online data submission platforms like eBird. However, we found a significantly positive relationship between atlases using online data submission and our measure of survey effort. Conclusions Bird atlases have been undertaken all around the world at a wide variety of geopolitical scales, and are likely to be influential through widespread impact on knowledge, including research impact and citizen science involvement. Atlases utilizing online data submission generate more data and have a higher level of participant engagement but are less frequently cited by researchers in both scientific and grey literature.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43349273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2023.2244258
S. Rebollo, L. M. Díaz-Aranda, Jorge A. Martín-Ávila, María Hernández-García, Marina López-Rodríguez, N. Monteagudo, J. Fernández-Pereira
ABSTRACT Capsule The Asian Hornet Vespa velutina was the second most important species in the diet of the European Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus in southwestern Europe, just four years after the appearance of the exotic wasp in the study area. Aims To assess the consumption of the invasive Asian Hornet by the European Honey Buzzard in southwestern Europe, following the Asian Hornet’s appearance there in 2014. Methods In northwestern Spain, we installed trail cameras in, and collected wasp comb remains from, nine nests of European Honey Buzzards (five in 2018 and four in 2019). We estimated the representation of the Asian Hornet in the birds’ diet, as well as the number of colonies attacked. We also compared the nesting frequency and density of breeding pairs before (2004–13) and after (2014–20) the Asian Hornet’s appearance. Results We detected consumption of the Asian Hornet at all the nests we examined. The Asian Hornet was the second most abundant wasp species in the diet and it was the most abundant in 2018 based on biomass. During the breeding season, each pair of European Honey Buzzards attacked 34–61 colonies in 2018 and 15–28 in 2019. Nesting frequency rose from 60% before the Hornet’s appearance to 100% afterward, while the density of breeding pairs increased by 300%. Conclusion Our results suggest that the Asian Hornet is becoming an important part of the diet of the European Honey Buzzard. This finding opens a research avenue to assess the potential role of the raptor in the management of the invasive social wasp.
{"title":"Assessment of the consumption of the exotic Asian Hornet Vespa velutina by the European Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus in southwestern Europe","authors":"S. Rebollo, L. M. Díaz-Aranda, Jorge A. Martín-Ávila, María Hernández-García, Marina López-Rodríguez, N. Monteagudo, J. Fernández-Pereira","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2244258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2244258","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Capsule The Asian Hornet Vespa velutina was the second most important species in the diet of the European Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus in southwestern Europe, just four years after the appearance of the exotic wasp in the study area. Aims To assess the consumption of the invasive Asian Hornet by the European Honey Buzzard in southwestern Europe, following the Asian Hornet’s appearance there in 2014. Methods In northwestern Spain, we installed trail cameras in, and collected wasp comb remains from, nine nests of European Honey Buzzards (five in 2018 and four in 2019). We estimated the representation of the Asian Hornet in the birds’ diet, as well as the number of colonies attacked. We also compared the nesting frequency and density of breeding pairs before (2004–13) and after (2014–20) the Asian Hornet’s appearance. Results We detected consumption of the Asian Hornet at all the nests we examined. The Asian Hornet was the second most abundant wasp species in the diet and it was the most abundant in 2018 based on biomass. During the breeding season, each pair of European Honey Buzzards attacked 34–61 colonies in 2018 and 15–28 in 2019. Nesting frequency rose from 60% before the Hornet’s appearance to 100% afterward, while the density of breeding pairs increased by 300%. Conclusion Our results suggest that the Asian Hornet is becoming an important part of the diet of the European Honey Buzzard. This finding opens a research avenue to assess the potential role of the raptor in the management of the invasive social wasp.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42147432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2023.2240553
N. Reid, Ruth Kelly, W. Montgomery
ABSTRACT Capsule Wildfires on moorland reduced bird species richness and abundance, along with the seedbank and abundance of ground beetles and spiders. The effects were detectable three years after the fires took place. Aims To describe the effects of wildfires during the breeding season on moorland birds, their habitat and ecosystem characteristics, by comparing burnt with adjacent unburnt areas in six designated sites up to three years post-fire. Methods Point counts of birds, vegetation height and cover, soil seedbank and pitfall traps were used to examine differences between areas burnt by wildfires and unburnt areas. Results One year after wildfire, bird species richness was 50% lower and abundance 32% lower on burnt compared to adjacent unburnt areas. Wildfire burnt areas had 80% of the species richness and 94% of the abundance of unburnt areas three years after wildfire. Bird species associated with upland moorland, including European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola, Common Redshank Tringa tetanus and Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus, were recorded exclusively in unburnt areas. Wildfire burnt areas were characterized by habitat generalist species and community composition in burnt areas remained distinct from unburnt areas three years after burning. Heather Calluna vulgaris and Erica spp. regenerated to 59% of the height of heather on unburnt areas three years after burning. Compared to unburnt areas, burnt areas had a reduced seedbank (22% lower), and reduced ground beetle (15% lower) and spider abundance (31% lower). Conclusion The immediate impacts of wildfire may differ from managed fires due to their indiscriminate character, where they occur, extent, duration and temperature. Wildfire incidence is likely to increase in cool temperate areas due to climate change and likely to undermine the characteristic features of designated areas. Research should focus on preventing wildfires, reducing their impact and accelerating the recovery of burnt moorland.
{"title":"Impact of wildfires on ecosystems and bird communities on designated areas of blanket bog and heath","authors":"N. Reid, Ruth Kelly, W. Montgomery","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2240553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2240553","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Capsule Wildfires on moorland reduced bird species richness and abundance, along with the seedbank and abundance of ground beetles and spiders. The effects were detectable three years after the fires took place. Aims To describe the effects of wildfires during the breeding season on moorland birds, their habitat and ecosystem characteristics, by comparing burnt with adjacent unburnt areas in six designated sites up to three years post-fire. Methods Point counts of birds, vegetation height and cover, soil seedbank and pitfall traps were used to examine differences between areas burnt by wildfires and unburnt areas. Results One year after wildfire, bird species richness was 50% lower and abundance 32% lower on burnt compared to adjacent unburnt areas. Wildfire burnt areas had 80% of the species richness and 94% of the abundance of unburnt areas three years after wildfire. Bird species associated with upland moorland, including European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola, Common Redshank Tringa tetanus and Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus, were recorded exclusively in unburnt areas. Wildfire burnt areas were characterized by habitat generalist species and community composition in burnt areas remained distinct from unburnt areas three years after burning. Heather Calluna vulgaris and Erica spp. regenerated to 59% of the height of heather on unburnt areas three years after burning. Compared to unburnt areas, burnt areas had a reduced seedbank (22% lower), and reduced ground beetle (15% lower) and spider abundance (31% lower). Conclusion The immediate impacts of wildfire may differ from managed fires due to their indiscriminate character, where they occur, extent, duration and temperature. Wildfire incidence is likely to increase in cool temperate areas due to climate change and likely to undermine the characteristic features of designated areas. Research should focus on preventing wildfires, reducing their impact and accelerating the recovery of burnt moorland.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42091313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2023.2245192
Sang-Yeon Lee, Junseok Lee, Ha-Cheol Sung
ABSTRACT Capsule Although the Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major and Grey-headed Woodpecker Picus canus have overlapping ranges in South Korea, they occur in areas with different forest structures and the occurrence of each species is associated with their main foods. Aims To investigate the biotic factors related to the occurrence of the Great Spotted Woodpecker and the Grey-headed Woodpecker, two species that frequently inhabit overlapping regions in South Korea. Methods Correlations between the occurrence of the two woodpecker species, forest characteristics, and bird and insect species richness were evaluated based on large-scale public data from the National Ecosystem Survey and a Forest Type Map. Results The occurrence of Great Spotted Woodpeckers was associated with forest stands with at least 75% coniferous trees, whereas the occurrence of Grey-headed Woodpeckers was negatively associated with forested areas with canopy cover exceeding 50%. The occurrence of both species was strongly and positively correlated with the species richness of forest birds. The occurrence of Great Spotted Woodpeckers was correlated with the species richness of Coleoptera, while that of the Grey-headed Woodpecker was correlated with the species richness of Hymenoptera and Diptera. Conclusion The co-occurrence of the two woodpecker species within shared habitats can be explained by low competition due to differences in preferred forest characteristics and in the food sources used by each species.
{"title":"The impact of forest characteristics, and bird and insect diversity on the occurrence of the Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major and Grey-headed Woodpecker Picus canus in South Korea","authors":"Sang-Yeon Lee, Junseok Lee, Ha-Cheol Sung","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2245192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2245192","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Capsule Although the Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major and Grey-headed Woodpecker Picus canus have overlapping ranges in South Korea, they occur in areas with different forest structures and the occurrence of each species is associated with their main foods. Aims To investigate the biotic factors related to the occurrence of the Great Spotted Woodpecker and the Grey-headed Woodpecker, two species that frequently inhabit overlapping regions in South Korea. Methods Correlations between the occurrence of the two woodpecker species, forest characteristics, and bird and insect species richness were evaluated based on large-scale public data from the National Ecosystem Survey and a Forest Type Map. Results The occurrence of Great Spotted Woodpeckers was associated with forest stands with at least 75% coniferous trees, whereas the occurrence of Grey-headed Woodpeckers was negatively associated with forested areas with canopy cover exceeding 50%. The occurrence of both species was strongly and positively correlated with the species richness of forest birds. The occurrence of Great Spotted Woodpeckers was correlated with the species richness of Coleoptera, while that of the Grey-headed Woodpecker was correlated with the species richness of Hymenoptera and Diptera. Conclusion The co-occurrence of the two woodpecker species within shared habitats can be explained by low competition due to differences in preferred forest characteristics and in the food sources used by each species.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45878213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2023.2225849
G. Bruni, E. Mori, Rosario Balestrieri
ABSTRACT We report the first record of a single nest containing the young of a pair of Black Redstarts Phoenicurus ochruros and a pair of Common Redstarts Phoenicurus phoenicurus. All four parents provisioned the nestlings with food, and indiscriminately provided food to chicks of both species and with a very high overlap of activity rhythms. Our observation provides further evidence of the plasticity of these passerine bird species in brood management.
{"title":"First record of interspecific cooperative breeding among redstart species","authors":"G. Bruni, E. Mori, Rosario Balestrieri","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2225849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2225849","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 We report the first record of a single nest containing the young of a pair of Black Redstarts Phoenicurus ochruros and a pair of Common Redstarts Phoenicurus phoenicurus. All four parents provisioned the nestlings with food, and indiscriminately provided food to chicks of both species and with a very high overlap of activity rhythms. Our observation provides further evidence of the plasticity of these passerine bird species in brood management.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47772738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2023.2244739
Freddy Rohtla, Ü. Väli
ABSTRACT Capsule Shed feathers can be used for the field identification of the Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga and Lesser Spotted Eagle Clanga pomarina, but identification of hybrids is problematic. Aims To provide an easy method for distinguishing the shed flight feathers of the Greater Spotted Eagle, Lesser Spotted Eagle, and their hybrids. Methods We examined seven morphological characteristics and developed multinomial logistic regression models to aid in identification of feathers. Results The most informative feature was the relative feather length. Barring improved the identification of tail feathers, secondaries, and proximal primaries. Feathers of Lesser Spotted Eagles were significantly shorter and more barred than those of Greater Spotted Eagles. Feathers of hybrids were also highly barred but had an intermediate length. The length from the tip to notch, width of the notch, and specific colouration patterns were also included in the best models for specific feather types. The combination of these characteristics resulted in identification accuracies of 89–97% for Lesser Spotted Eagle feathers and 80–100% for Greater Spotted Eagle feathers. However, all F1-hybrids were incorrectly identified as Greater Spotted or Lesser Spotted Eagles. Conclusion Shed feathers could have potential for the non-invasive field identification of spotted eagle species at nest sites. However, the identification of hybrids based on feathers is difficult due to substantial morphological variation and overlap with parent species.
{"title":"Identification of the Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga, Lesser Spotted Eagle Clanga pomarina and interspecific hybrids using the morphology of shed flight feathers","authors":"Freddy Rohtla, Ü. Väli","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2244739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2244739","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Capsule Shed feathers can be used for the field identification of the Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga and Lesser Spotted Eagle Clanga pomarina, but identification of hybrids is problematic. Aims To provide an easy method for distinguishing the shed flight feathers of the Greater Spotted Eagle, Lesser Spotted Eagle, and their hybrids. Methods We examined seven morphological characteristics and developed multinomial logistic regression models to aid in identification of feathers. Results The most informative feature was the relative feather length. Barring improved the identification of tail feathers, secondaries, and proximal primaries. Feathers of Lesser Spotted Eagles were significantly shorter and more barred than those of Greater Spotted Eagles. Feathers of hybrids were also highly barred but had an intermediate length. The length from the tip to notch, width of the notch, and specific colouration patterns were also included in the best models for specific feather types. The combination of these characteristics resulted in identification accuracies of 89–97% for Lesser Spotted Eagle feathers and 80–100% for Greater Spotted Eagle feathers. However, all F1-hybrids were incorrectly identified as Greater Spotted or Lesser Spotted Eagles. Conclusion Shed feathers could have potential for the non-invasive field identification of spotted eagle species at nest sites. However, the identification of hybrids based on feathers is difficult due to substantial morphological variation and overlap with parent species.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44328127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2023.2228537
R. Ientile, M. Tagliavia, Natalino Cuti, R. Termine, C. Giannella, S. Nissardi, C. Zucca, V. Cavaliere, G. Verde, D. Campobello, B. Massa
ABSTRACT Capsule The Eurasian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus from breeding sites in Italy has little genetic variability in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene but shows morphological variation suggesting isolation of some populations. Aims To investigate the morphometric and genetic trait variation of Eurasian Reed Warbler populations at a large temporal and spatial scale. Methods We analysed morphometric traits and the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene of samples collected over 25 years, from populations at seven sites across the Italian peninsula and islands. Results While we found no genetic differences, we detected significantly smaller body sizes in individuals breeding in Sicily and Sardinia compared to those from mainland Italy. There were also significant body size differences between two Sicilian populations: one larger breeding on the southern coast and the other smaller at an inner highland site. Conclusion The morphometric data, together with the site fidelity of individuals, are consistent with there being isolation of some populations. Specifically, our results are consistent with an example of polyphenism, morphological plasticity, in the populations of the main Italian islands, Sicily and Sardinia.
{"title":"Morphometric versus genetic variation in the Eurasian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus in Italy","authors":"R. Ientile, M. Tagliavia, Natalino Cuti, R. Termine, C. Giannella, S. Nissardi, C. Zucca, V. Cavaliere, G. Verde, D. Campobello, B. Massa","doi":"10.1080/00063657.2023.2228537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2228537","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Capsule The Eurasian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus from breeding sites in Italy has little genetic variability in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene but shows morphological variation suggesting isolation of some populations. Aims To investigate the morphometric and genetic trait variation of Eurasian Reed Warbler populations at a large temporal and spatial scale. Methods We analysed morphometric traits and the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene of samples collected over 25 years, from populations at seven sites across the Italian peninsula and islands. Results While we found no genetic differences, we detected significantly smaller body sizes in individuals breeding in Sicily and Sardinia compared to those from mainland Italy. There were also significant body size differences between two Sicilian populations: one larger breeding on the southern coast and the other smaller at an inner highland site. Conclusion The morphometric data, together with the site fidelity of individuals, are consistent with there being isolation of some populations. Specifically, our results are consistent with an example of polyphenism, morphological plasticity, in the populations of the main Italian islands, Sicily and Sardinia.","PeriodicalId":55353,"journal":{"name":"Bird Study","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43256485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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