Abstract:The ecology and conservation status of some Irish aculeate Hymenoptera species, such as bees, are well known but comparatively little information is available regarding the natural history of solitary wasps, which account for a large proportion of the Irish aculeate fauna. Spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) are a globally diverse family of solitary wasps that prey exclusively upon spiders. Most species provision nests with a paralysed spider, which serves as the sole food source for developing larvae. Adults are mostly nectar-feeders and many species may contribute to pollination. Here we present the first complete catalogue of the spider wasps of Ireland, the recorded distribution and temporal activity of each species, and short accounts of other aspects of the ecology of Irish Pompilidae. Irish spider wasp records were collated from voucher specimens held by the National Museum of Ireland, published literature sources and records provided by the National Biodiversity Data Centre (ROI), CEDaR and the National Biodiversity Network (NBN) Atlas (NI) to produce maps of the known distribution of each species. Ireland is home to thirteen confirmed Pompilidae species that may be considered native, and an additional species for which the Irish status remains unconfirmed until further specimens can be collected. Brief accounts of the ecology and behaviour of each Irish species are provided.
{"title":"The spider-hunting wasps of Ireland (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). A review of the species, their natural history and recorded distribution","authors":"A. O’Hanlon, J. .. O'connor","doi":"10.3318/bioe.2021.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/bioe.2021.06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The ecology and conservation status of some Irish aculeate Hymenoptera species, such as bees, are well known but comparatively little information is available regarding the natural history of solitary wasps, which account for a large proportion of the Irish aculeate fauna. Spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) are a globally diverse family of solitary wasps that prey exclusively upon spiders. Most species provision nests with a paralysed spider, which serves as the sole food source for developing larvae. Adults are mostly nectar-feeders and many species may contribute to pollination. Here we present the first complete catalogue of the spider wasps of Ireland, the recorded distribution and temporal activity of each species, and short accounts of other aspects of the ecology of Irish Pompilidae. Irish spider wasp records were collated from voucher specimens held by the National Museum of Ireland, published literature sources and records provided by the National Biodiversity Data Centre (ROI), CEDaR and the National Biodiversity Network (NBN) Atlas (NI) to produce maps of the known distribution of each species. Ireland is home to thirteen confirmed Pompilidae species that may be considered native, and an additional species for which the Irish status remains unconfirmed until further specimens can be collected. Brief accounts of the ecology and behaviour of each Irish species are provided.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"20 1","pages":"61 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87334539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3318/bioe.2002.102.1.19
A. N. Rai, B. Bergman
{"title":"Cyanolichens","authors":"A. N. Rai, B. Bergman","doi":"10.3318/bioe.2002.102.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/bioe.2002.102.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"19 1","pages":"19 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86157940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In recent years a growing number of publications have highlighted alarming biodiversity losses in freshwaters. Given the continuing pollution pressure on water quality in Ireland, it is now timely to take stock of the information base on freshwater invertebrate biodiversity in rivers. This paper interrogates available macroinvertebrate datasets and published results to determine the state of knowledge of freshwater invertebrate biodiversity in Ireland's rivers, what is known in terms of their threat status and what is the impact of pollution on riverine invertebrate biodiversity. Second, it investigates the potential use of surrogates to monitor biodiversity of macroinvertebrates in Irish rivers and concludes with a discussion of emerging threats to macroinvertebrate biodiversity, key knowledge gaps, and addressing monitoring of invertebrate biodiversity.
{"title":"Status of freshwater invertebrate biodiversity in Ireland's rivers – time to take stock","authors":"M. Kelly-Quinn, Hugh B. Feeley, C. Bradley","doi":"10.3318/bioe.2020.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/bioe.2020.09","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In recent years a growing number of publications have highlighted alarming biodiversity losses in freshwaters. Given the continuing pollution pressure on water quality in Ireland, it is now timely to take stock of the information base on freshwater invertebrate biodiversity in rivers. This paper interrogates available macroinvertebrate datasets and published results to determine the state of knowledge of freshwater invertebrate biodiversity in Ireland's rivers, what is known in terms of their threat status and what is the impact of pollution on riverine invertebrate biodiversity. Second, it investigates the potential use of surrogates to monitor biodiversity of macroinvertebrates in Irish rivers and concludes with a discussion of emerging threats to macroinvertebrate biodiversity, key knowledge gaps, and addressing monitoring of invertebrate biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"2009 1","pages":"65 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86270137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3318/BIOE.2006.106.1.56
S. Preston, A. Portig, W. Montgomery, R. Mcdonald, J. Fairley
Abstract:We assess the status and diet of otters in Northern Ireland in 2002. Signs of otter presence were noted at 65% of 441 sites surveyed. This figure suggests a decline in signs of otters since the 1980s. Highest occurrence of signs of otters was around lakes, with coastal sites having the lowest occurrence. Percentage occurrence of signs of otter varied considerably with respect to catchment. The highest levels were in Lough Melvin, County Fermanagh, and around the Foyle catchment, County Londonderry; fewest signs occurred along the Antrim coast. Signs of otter occurrence were higher in larger rivers and at unpolluted sites (68%) as compared to polluted sites (57%). Over 50% of otter spraints were composed of stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), salmonids and cyprinids, with stickleback constituting the most frequently occurring prey category. The frequency of occurrence of eels (Anguilla anguilla) in otter diet was found to be consistently higher in spraints collected from smaller streams across all land class groups. The frequency of occurrence of most prey items differed significantly with catchment with the exception of salmonids, which occurred consistently in spraints collected throughout all catchments in Northern Ireland. The current investigation confirms that otters remain widespread in Northern Ireland. However, otters may be feeding on less profitable prey items. Further investigations into the relationship between water quality, prey availability and prey selection are required to fully understand the factors affecting otter diet in Northern Ireland.
{"title":"STATUS AND DIET OF THE OTTER LUTRA LUTRA IN NORTHERN IRELAND","authors":"S. Preston, A. Portig, W. Montgomery, R. Mcdonald, J. Fairley","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2006.106.1.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2006.106.1.56","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:We assess the status and diet of otters in Northern Ireland in 2002. Signs of otter presence were noted at 65% of 441 sites surveyed. This figure suggests a decline in signs of otters since the 1980s. Highest occurrence of signs of otters was around lakes, with coastal sites having the lowest occurrence. Percentage occurrence of signs of otter varied considerably with respect to catchment. The highest levels were in Lough Melvin, County Fermanagh, and around the Foyle catchment, County Londonderry; fewest signs occurred along the Antrim coast. Signs of otter occurrence were higher in larger rivers and at unpolluted sites (68%) as compared to polluted sites (57%). Over 50% of otter spraints were composed of stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), salmonids and cyprinids, with stickleback constituting the most frequently occurring prey category. The frequency of occurrence of eels (Anguilla anguilla) in otter diet was found to be consistently higher in spraints collected from smaller streams across all land class groups. The frequency of occurrence of most prey items differed significantly with catchment with the exception of salmonids, which occurred consistently in spraints collected throughout all catchments in Northern Ireland. The current investigation confirms that otters remain widespread in Northern Ireland. However, otters may be feeding on less profitable prey items. Further investigations into the relationship between water quality, prey availability and prey selection are required to fully understand the factors affecting otter diet in Northern Ireland.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"139 1","pages":"57 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80802686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3318/BIOE.2010.110.1.55
S. McLean, Derek Evans, R. Rosell, D. Roberts, J. Livingstone
Abstract:Five adult Dreissena polymorpha were found on the hull of a boat moored in Kinnego Marina, Lough Neagh, in November 2005; this is the first indication of their presence in this large lake. This finding initiated a survey to determine whether the zebra mussel was present throughout Lough Neagh. Forty-four settled juveniles on debris were found at twenty sites around the lough shore. As a result of these findings a more extensive study was undertaken in October 2006 to examine planktonic and settled stages. Veliger larvae were at densities of 0.0211 veligers per m⁻³. Spat collectors showed settlement at six out of the seven sites sampled at a mean density of 523.76 juvenile zebra mussels per m⁻². No adult zebra mussels were found on natural substratum in the lough during the shoreline survey. However, 24 adult zebra mussels, 7.5mm to 24mm long, were found on the hull of a boat moored in Lough Neagh.
{"title":"ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ZEBRA MUSSEL DREISSENA POLYMORPHA (PALLAS, 1771) IN LOUGH NEAGH, NORTHERN IRELAND","authors":"S. McLean, Derek Evans, R. Rosell, D. Roberts, J. Livingstone","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2010.110.1.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2010.110.1.55","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Five adult Dreissena polymorpha were found on the hull of a boat moored in Kinnego Marina, Lough Neagh, in November 2005; this is the first indication of their presence in this large lake. This finding initiated a survey to determine whether the zebra mussel was present throughout Lough Neagh. Forty-four settled juveniles on debris were found at twenty sites around the lough shore. As a result of these findings a more extensive study was undertaken in October 2006 to examine planktonic and settled stages. Veliger larvae were at densities of 0.0211 veligers per m⁻³. Spat collectors showed settlement at six out of the seven sites sampled at a mean density of 523.76 juvenile zebra mussels per m⁻². No adult zebra mussels were found on natural substratum in the lough during the shoreline survey. However, 24 adult zebra mussels, 7.5mm to 24mm long, were found on the hull of a boat moored in Lough Neagh.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"84 1","pages":"55 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80839842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuanda Du, Ren-qing Wang, Jinhong Feng, Haijie Zhang, Jian Liu
Abstract:ABSTRACTPotamogeton crispus L. is a cosmopolitan aquatic macrophyte that has been deployed in constructed wetland as engineering species for ecological and purification functions. However, the extraordinary rapid vegetative growth of P. crispus requires that the species be harvested at the appropriate time to ensure the effectiveness of pollutant removal and minimise the risk of secondary pollution. The efficiency utilisation of wetland plant resources with a large amount of biomass is important in encouraging the harvest and sustainable self-support management of constructed wetlands. To screen the metabolites of P. crispus for tumor cell cytotoxicity, the total secondary metabolites of P. crispus were extracted and separated into three parts by using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butyl alcohol. Thereafter, the cytotoxicity assay was conducted by using ES-2 human ovarian cancer and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. Results indicated that the P. crispus EtOAc extract showed anti-tumor activities against MDA-MB-231 cells. Morphological observation, cell cycle, and death analysis were conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic activity. Results showed that the P. crispus EtOAc extract could change the cell morphology and block the MDA-MB-231 cell cycle at the S phase and that the mechanisms of cell death were apoptosis and necrosis. This study provides a scientific basis for the potential utilisation of the constructed wetland plant P. crispus and has implications for the management of sustainable constructed wetland operation.
{"title":"Screening anti-tumor constituents from Potamogeton crispus for potential utilisation of constructed wetland plant resources","authors":"Yuanda Du, Ren-qing Wang, Jinhong Feng, Haijie Zhang, Jian Liu","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2014.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2014.19","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:ABSTRACTPotamogeton crispus L. is a cosmopolitan aquatic macrophyte that has been deployed in constructed wetland as engineering species for ecological and purification functions. However, the extraordinary rapid vegetative growth of P. crispus requires that the species be harvested at the appropriate time to ensure the effectiveness of pollutant removal and minimise the risk of secondary pollution. The efficiency utilisation of wetland plant resources with a large amount of biomass is important in encouraging the harvest and sustainable self-support management of constructed wetlands. To screen the metabolites of P. crispus for tumor cell cytotoxicity, the total secondary metabolites of P. crispus were extracted and separated into three parts by using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butyl alcohol. Thereafter, the cytotoxicity assay was conducted by using ES-2 human ovarian cancer and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. Results indicated that the P. crispus EtOAc extract showed anti-tumor activities against MDA-MB-231 cells. Morphological observation, cell cycle, and death analysis were conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic activity. Results showed that the P. crispus EtOAc extract could change the cell morphology and block the MDA-MB-231 cell cycle at the S phase and that the mechanisms of cell death were apoptosis and necrosis. This study provides a scientific basis for the potential utilisation of the constructed wetland plant P. crispus and has implications for the management of sustainable constructed wetland operation.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"45 1","pages":"79 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80983902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nancy Jazmín Reyes-Montiel, Apolinar Santamaría-Miranda, G. Rodriguez-Meza, J. G. Galindo-Reyes, H. González-Ocampo
Abstract:Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in the muscle tissue of the fish commonly known as mullet (Mugil cephalus; in Mexico, lisa). Muscle tissues were collected during bimonthly samplings from March 2010 to February 2011 in the Navachiste Bay (southwestern area of the Gulf of California). The pesticides γ-HCH and dieldrin were the substances most frequently detected throughout the collection period, while endosulfan 1, endosulfan 2, endrin, heptachlor epoxide, γ-HCH and methoxychlor were identified in 80% of the samples analysed. Other pesticides were found in 20%-60% of samples. No correlation was found among water physicochemical parameters and OCP concentration. The one-way variance analysis between OCP concentrations and collection months revealed no significant differences. The correlation between OCP concentrations and the weight or size of the fish was not significant, although between size and weight there was a significant correlation. During the study period, as a whole, the pesticides that showed the highest concentrations above 0.3ppm per sample were α-HCH (MAY-JUN-2010), dieldrin (JAN-FEB-2011), dieldrin (JULAGO-2010), methoxychlor (two samples in MAR-ABR-2010) (0.568, 0.533, 0.533, 0.503 and 0.330ppm, respectively). The pesticides aldrin, dieldrin, endosulfan (1 and 2), heptachlor epoxide, DDT and α-HCH, are listed in Appendix III of the Rotterdam Convention, which means that their use is illegal in most signatory countries. According to results, the higher OCP concentrations detected make frequent consumption of M. cephalus a human health risk for the low-income population in the Navachiste area.
{"title":"CONCENTRATIONS OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN FISH (MUGIL CEPHALUS) FROM A COASTAL ECOSYSTEM IN THE SOUTHWESTERN GULF OF CALIFORNIA","authors":"Nancy Jazmín Reyes-Montiel, Apolinar Santamaría-Miranda, G. Rodriguez-Meza, J. G. Galindo-Reyes, H. González-Ocampo","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2013.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2013.25","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in the muscle tissue of the fish commonly known as mullet (Mugil cephalus; in Mexico, lisa). Muscle tissues were collected during bimonthly samplings from March 2010 to February 2011 in the Navachiste Bay (southwestern area of the Gulf of California). The pesticides γ-HCH and dieldrin were the substances most frequently detected throughout the collection period, while endosulfan 1, endosulfan 2, endrin, heptachlor epoxide, γ-HCH and methoxychlor were identified in 80% of the samples analysed. Other pesticides were found in 20%-60% of samples. No correlation was found among water physicochemical parameters and OCP concentration. The one-way variance analysis between OCP concentrations and collection months revealed no significant differences. The correlation between OCP concentrations and the weight or size of the fish was not significant, although between size and weight there was a significant correlation. During the study period, as a whole, the pesticides that showed the highest concentrations above 0.3ppm per sample were α-HCH (MAY-JUN-2010), dieldrin (JAN-FEB-2011), dieldrin (JULAGO-2010), methoxychlor (two samples in MAR-ABR-2010) (0.568, 0.533, 0.533, 0.503 and 0.330ppm, respectively). The pesticides aldrin, dieldrin, endosulfan (1 and 2), heptachlor epoxide, DDT and α-HCH, are listed in Appendix III of the Rotterdam Convention, which means that their use is illegal in most signatory countries. According to results, the higher OCP concentrations detected make frequent consumption of M. cephalus a human health risk for the low-income population in the Navachiste area.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"73 1","pages":"281 - 291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83363074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Crowley, George F. Smith, F. Mackin, S. Regan, F. Valverde, Maurice Eakin
Abstract:Restoration works involving the blocking of drains with peat dams and the construction of a marginal berm along the edge of the cutover on Killyconny Bog in Co. Cavan, Ireland were carried out in the mid to late 2000s. Vegetation change between a pre-restoration baseline and surveys carried out 7–13 years post-restoration are assessed and demonstrate that 5.0ha of Sphagnum-rich regenerating bog vegetation has developed across the 26.9ha study site since restoration works were implemented. Although the restoration measures have triggered Sphagnum regeneration, increased the number of positive indicators species of Active Raised Bog (ARB) and initiated the process of peat-formation, the vegetation still lacks the presence and/or abundance of some critical ARB indicators. Moreover, 56% of the site is still dominated by vegetation with a low Sphagnum cover; 44% by Calluna vulgaris dominated vegetation and 12% by Molinia caerulea dominated vegetation. The key importance of topography in determining restoration potential is highlighted as extremely fine variations in topography appear to have resulted in significant differences in the vegetation that has developed. Any further increase in the area of regenerating bog on the cutover is likely to require enhanced restoration works such as cell bunding and additional marginal berms, the design of which will be informed using the modelling techniques outlined. Although not yet considered ARB habitat, the 19% of the Killyconny cutover that is classed as regenerating is clearly of conservation significance as a peat-forming habitat that supports assemblages of several specialist species and demonstrates how restoration works that raise water levels can initiate Sphagnum regeneration in a relatively short period of time.
{"title":"Recovery of the vegetation of a cutover raised bog in Ireland following rewetting measures","authors":"W. Crowley, George F. Smith, F. Mackin, S. Regan, F. Valverde, Maurice Eakin","doi":"10.3318/bioe.2021.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/bioe.2021.09","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Restoration works involving the blocking of drains with peat dams and the construction of a marginal berm along the edge of the cutover on Killyconny Bog in Co. Cavan, Ireland were carried out in the mid to late 2000s. Vegetation change between a pre-restoration baseline and surveys carried out 7–13 years post-restoration are assessed and demonstrate that 5.0ha of Sphagnum-rich regenerating bog vegetation has developed across the 26.9ha study site since restoration works were implemented. Although the restoration measures have triggered Sphagnum regeneration, increased the number of positive indicators species of Active Raised Bog (ARB) and initiated the process of peat-formation, the vegetation still lacks the presence and/or abundance of some critical ARB indicators. Moreover, 56% of the site is still dominated by vegetation with a low Sphagnum cover; 44% by Calluna vulgaris dominated vegetation and 12% by Molinia caerulea dominated vegetation. The key importance of topography in determining restoration potential is highlighted as extremely fine variations in topography appear to have resulted in significant differences in the vegetation that has developed. Any further increase in the area of regenerating bog on the cutover is likely to require enhanced restoration works such as cell bunding and additional marginal berms, the design of which will be informed using the modelling techniques outlined. Although not yet considered ARB habitat, the 19% of the Killyconny cutover that is classed as regenerating is clearly of conservation significance as a peat-forming habitat that supports assemblages of several specialist species and demonstrates how restoration works that raise water levels can initiate Sphagnum regeneration in a relatively short period of time.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"83 1","pages":"121 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83789295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that have the ability to mimic or disrupt the endocrine system in wildlife. Many of these EDCs are present in treated Irish sewage effluents and landfill leachate and have recently been identified in Irish rivers. The effects of exposure to EDCs were investigated in Irish brown trout (Salmo trutta), sampled from selected Irish rivers downstream of Irish wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with control fish sampled upstream of the same WWTP. The effects were also investigated in Irish roach (Rutilus rutilus) sampled downstream of Irish WWTPs. Control roach were sampled from a pristine salmon fishery river (River Deel) located in the west of Ireland. Histopathological and macroscopic analyses of downstream trout showed no adverse reproductive effects, compared to control fish sampled upstream of the WWTP. Statistically significant (p <0.05) populations of wild roach from three sampled Shannon basin rivers were, however, observed to be phenotypically intersex (ovo-testis) when compared to the control river. This, it is hypothesised, is as a direct result of exposure to WWTP effluents. The results reported herein are the first observations of intersex fish in Irish rivers.
{"title":"FIRST REPORT OF INTERSEX ROACH RESIDING IN IRISH RIVERS DOWNSTREAM OF SEVERAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS","authors":"C. Mcgee, C. Brougham, J. Roche, A. Fogarty","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2011.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2011.23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that have the ability to mimic or disrupt the endocrine system in wildlife. Many of these EDCs are present in treated Irish sewage effluents and landfill leachate and have recently been identified in Irish rivers. The effects of exposure to EDCs were investigated in Irish brown trout (Salmo trutta), sampled from selected Irish rivers downstream of Irish wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with control fish sampled upstream of the same WWTP. The effects were also investigated in Irish roach (Rutilus rutilus) sampled downstream of Irish WWTPs. Control roach were sampled from a pristine salmon fishery river (River Deel) located in the west of Ireland. Histopathological and macroscopic analyses of downstream trout showed no adverse reproductive effects, compared to control fish sampled upstream of the WWTP. Statistically significant (p <0.05) populations of wild roach from three sampled Shannon basin rivers were, however, observed to be phenotypically intersex (ovo-testis) when compared to the control river. This, it is hypothesised, is as a direct result of exposure to WWTP effluents. The results reported herein are the first observations of intersex fish in Irish rivers.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"2012 1","pages":"69 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83158073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. O'Sullivan, D. Huallacháin, P. Antunes, E. Jennings, M. Kelly-Quinn
Abstract:The hyporheic zone is an important ecotone occupying the interface between surface and ground water bodies, providing a range of important ecosystem services such as biochemical cycling, temperature regulation and downstream flood attenuation. Despite its importance in freshwater ecosystems in terms of services provided, the hyporheic zone has often been overlooked as a research topic. This study assessed the impact of cattle access to headwater streams on hyporheic zone parameters. The results indicate increases in levels of interstitial, hyporheic fine sediment downstream of cattle access points and the potential for this to negatively affect hyporheic invertebrate communities. Invertebrate community composition changes were observed at some sites with changes representing a shift to less diverse communities of smaller bodied invertebrates. The results presented here should help inform water resources managers and encourage them to consider the hyporheic zone as a part of an integrated freshwater ecosystem.
{"title":"The impacts of cattle access to headwater streams on hyporheic zones","authors":"M. O'Sullivan, D. Huallacháin, P. Antunes, E. Jennings, M. Kelly-Quinn","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2019.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2019.02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The hyporheic zone is an important ecotone occupying the interface between surface and ground water bodies, providing a range of important ecosystem services such as biochemical cycling, temperature regulation and downstream flood attenuation. Despite its importance in freshwater ecosystems in terms of services provided, the hyporheic zone has often been overlooked as a research topic. This study assessed the impact of cattle access to headwater streams on hyporheic zone parameters. The results indicate increases in levels of interstitial, hyporheic fine sediment downstream of cattle access points and the potential for this to negatively affect hyporheic invertebrate communities. Invertebrate community composition changes were observed at some sites with changes representing a shift to less diverse communities of smaller bodied invertebrates. The results presented here should help inform water resources managers and encourage them to consider the hyporheic zone as a part of an integrated freshwater ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"27 1","pages":"13 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83273623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：