Abstract:The aim of this study was to isolate phenol-degrading bacteria from highly contaminated environments with various pollutants, including painting factory wastewater and landfill soil, to investigate their capacity for phenol-degradation. Isolates were identified based on biochemical tests and 16s rDNA gene analysis. To detect the breakdown of phenol and the metabolites formed from its cleavage, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were used. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and colorimetric methods were applied to identify genes including catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C1,2D), catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C2,3D) and protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (P3,4D) and their related enzymes activities. Four strains were isolated and identified as Acinetobacter sp. strain CASPIAN1396 (GenBank Accession number MH298648), Acinetobacter sp. strain PARS1396 (MH298615), Acinetobacter sp. strain SAR-AVAN1396 (MH298541), and Stenotrophomunas acidaminiphila strain MMDA2018 (MH298661). All isolates were able to degrade 0.4g/l of phenol down to levels below 0.08g/l after 72h at 30°C and pH 7.2. The Acinetobacter spp. grew in the presence of up to 0.8g/l phenol, but the S. acidaminiphila strain PARS1396 was the sole strain that was able to grow at 1g/l concentration of phenol. The results showed that the C1,2O gene was detected in all isolates, but neither C2,3O or P3,4D gene sequences were found in any of them. The C1,2D gene was inducible in all isolates, and the strains degraded phenol via the ortho pathway. The use of S. acidaminiphila for phenol biodegradation could be promising because it can tolerate high concentrations of phenol and grows in severely contaminated environments.
{"title":"Acinetobacter spp. and Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila strain pars1396 isolated from landfill soil and industrial wastewater as potential candidates for phenol biodegradation","authors":"Amirfard, Moghaddam, Hosseini","doi":"10.3318/bioe.2021.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/bioe.2021.13","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The aim of this study was to isolate phenol-degrading bacteria from highly contaminated environments with various pollutants, including painting factory wastewater and landfill soil, to investigate their capacity for phenol-degradation. Isolates were identified based on biochemical tests and 16s rDNA gene analysis. To detect the breakdown of phenol and the metabolites formed from its cleavage, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were used. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and colorimetric methods were applied to identify genes including catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C1,2D), catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C2,3D) and protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (P3,4D) and their related enzymes activities. Four strains were isolated and identified as Acinetobacter sp. strain CASPIAN1396 (GenBank Accession number MH298648), Acinetobacter sp. strain PARS1396 (MH298615), Acinetobacter sp. strain SAR-AVAN1396 (MH298541), and Stenotrophomunas acidaminiphila strain MMDA2018 (MH298661). All isolates were able to degrade 0.4g/l of phenol down to levels below 0.08g/l after 72h at 30°C and pH 7.2. The Acinetobacter spp. grew in the presence of up to 0.8g/l phenol, but the S. acidaminiphila strain PARS1396 was the sole strain that was able to grow at 1g/l concentration of phenol. The results showed that the C1,2O gene was detected in all isolates, but neither C2,3O or P3,4D gene sequences were found in any of them. The C1,2D gene was inducible in all isolates, and the strains degraded phenol via the ortho pathway. The use of S. acidaminiphila for phenol biodegradation could be promising because it can tolerate high concentrations of phenol and grows in severely contaminated environments.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"41 1","pages":"163 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86505041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. O’Boyle, P. Trickett, Adam Partington, C. Murray
Abstract:ABSTRACTIn situ measurements of nitrate (NO3) were made using a submersible ultraviolet nitrate sensor (SUNA) in three Irish estuaries (Bandon, Blackwater and Lee) in January and February 2012. Measurements were compared against discrete water samples analysed in the laboratory. There was excellent agreement between the SUNA and laboratory measurements, with the variation in in-situ nitrate measurements explaining nearly 100% of the variation in laboratory measurements (r2 = 0.99, with a negative bias of ∼10%). In each estuary there was a conservative mixing relationship between salinity and nitrate, indicating that the main source of nitrate to these estuaries in winter is from the main inflowing river. The highest nitrate concentration of 235.2µM at salinity 0.7 was found in the Lee Estuary and the lowest concentration of 7.5µM at salinity 34.6 was found in Cork Harbour. The successful demonstration of this technology in Irish estuaries provides a powerful example of how future developments in this field will allow the real-time assessment of environmental conditions in these environments.
{"title":"Field Testing of an Optical in Situ Nitrate Sensor in Three Irish Estuaries","authors":"S. O’Boyle, P. Trickett, Adam Partington, C. Murray","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2014.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2014.02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:ABSTRACTIn situ measurements of nitrate (NO3) were made using a submersible ultraviolet nitrate sensor (SUNA) in three Irish estuaries (Bandon, Blackwater and Lee) in January and February 2012. Measurements were compared against discrete water samples analysed in the laboratory. There was excellent agreement between the SUNA and laboratory measurements, with the variation in in-situ nitrate measurements explaining nearly 100% of the variation in laboratory measurements (r2 = 0.99, with a negative bias of ∼10%). In each estuary there was a conservative mixing relationship between salinity and nitrate, indicating that the main source of nitrate to these estuaries in winter is from the main inflowing river. The highest nitrate concentration of 235.2µM at salinity 0.7 was found in the Lee Estuary and the lowest concentration of 7.5µM at salinity 34.6 was found in Cork Harbour. The successful demonstration of this technology in Irish estuaries provides a powerful example of how future developments in this field will allow the real-time assessment of environmental conditions in these environments.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"5 1","pages":"53 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90299933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The Water Framework Directive requires all EU Member States to improve, sustainably manage and protect water quality in all surface waterbodies. To achieve this goal the ecological status of all our streams, rivers and lakes must be assessed against type-specific reference conditions. A number of distinctive or rare river types were not adequately represented in the development of the existing national river typology in 2005, and so it is not known whether they are sufficiently characterised by the current 12-type river typology or represent distinct types. ‘Rare’ in this context refers to systems with a naturally variable or unusual combination of environmental conditions (e.g. naturally low pH) rather than a limited distribution. The rare or distinctive river types highlighted were: (1) groundwater-dominated rivers; (2) highly calcareous rivers with calcium precipitation; (3) low conductivity, naturally acidic rivers; and (4) rivers strongly influenced by lakes (lake outlets). Whether or not these river types host distinct biological communities has yet to be established. While there is a large body of research on the macroinvertebrate communities, research on other biological quality elements such as diatoms is limited. This paper summarises the literature available on the biological characteristics of these rare or distinctive river types.
{"title":"Should rare river types be given special consideration under the WFD?","authors":"E. Hannigan, Hugh B. Feeley, M. Kelly-Quinn","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2016.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2016.20","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Water Framework Directive requires all EU Member States to improve, sustainably manage and protect water quality in all surface waterbodies. To achieve this goal the ecological status of all our streams, rivers and lakes must be assessed against type-specific reference conditions. A number of distinctive or rare river types were not adequately represented in the development of the existing national river typology in 2005, and so it is not known whether they are sufficiently characterised by the current 12-type river typology or represent distinct types. ‘Rare’ in this context refers to systems with a naturally variable or unusual combination of environmental conditions (e.g. naturally low pH) rather than a limited distribution. The rare or distinctive river types highlighted were: (1) groundwater-dominated rivers; (2) highly calcareous rivers with calcium precipitation; (3) low conductivity, naturally acidic rivers; and (4) rivers strongly influenced by lakes (lake outlets). Whether or not these river types host distinct biological communities has yet to be established. While there is a large body of research on the macroinvertebrate communities, research on other biological quality elements such as diatoms is limited. This paper summarises the literature available on the biological characteristics of these rare or distinctive river types.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"1 1","pages":"167 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88587116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ní Longphuirt, E. Mockler, S. O’Boyle, C. Wynne, D. B. Stengel
Abstract:In the Irish environment, anthropogenic pressures have led to widespread nutrient over-enrichment and eutrophication in surface waters. In the past 25 years European Directives have been implemented resulting in significant measures to improve water quality. Multi-decadal monitoring of nutrient inputs from rivers, and response parameters in estuarine and coastal systems, allows for a comparison of the effectiveness of these measures. In this study, trends in nutrient inputs from eighteen river systems and downstream estuarine parameters between 2000 and 2013 are explored. The results are placed in the context of changes in nutrient source load apportionment modelled through a newly developed GIS tool. Measured phosphorus inputs showed a significant reduction from fifteen catchments, with only four rivers showing a concurrent reduction in nitrogen. Significant Parallel improvements in estuarine water quality were evident in eight downstream systems, highlighting the complexity of response mechanisms. Load apportionment illustrated that the effectiveness of measures largely depended on factors such as land use and the proximity of large urban agglomerations to the estuary. The partitioning of nutrient sources could determine the nutrient landscape of the downstream estuary, with possible implications for the ecological health of the system. The results of the study will inform decision makers on the effectiveness of measures to date and the possible response of systems to future controls in the light of targets set out under the Water Framework Directive.
{"title":"Linking changes in nutrient source load to estuarine responses: an Irish perspective","authors":"S. Ní Longphuirt, E. Mockler, S. O’Boyle, C. Wynne, D. B. Stengel","doi":"10.1353/bae.2016.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bae.2016.0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In the Irish environment, anthropogenic pressures have led to widespread nutrient over-enrichment and eutrophication in surface waters. In the past 25 years European Directives have been implemented resulting in significant measures to improve water quality. Multi-decadal monitoring of nutrient inputs from rivers, and response parameters in estuarine and coastal systems, allows for a comparison of the effectiveness of these measures. In this study, trends in nutrient inputs from eighteen river systems and downstream estuarine parameters between 2000 and 2013 are explored. The results are placed in the context of changes in nutrient source load apportionment modelled through a newly developed GIS tool. Measured phosphorus inputs showed a significant reduction from fifteen catchments, with only four rivers showing a concurrent reduction in nitrogen. Significant Parallel improvements in estuarine water quality were evident in eight downstream systems, highlighting the complexity of response mechanisms. Load apportionment illustrated that the effectiveness of measures largely depended on factors such as land use and the proximity of large urban agglomerations to the estuary. The partitioning of nutrient sources could determine the nutrient landscape of the downstream estuary, with possible implications for the ecological health of the system. The results of the study will inform decision makers on the effectiveness of measures to date and the possible response of systems to future controls in the light of targets set out under the Water Framework Directive.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"5 1","pages":"295 - 311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87561912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3318/BIOE.2005.105.3.155
I. Jónsdóttir
Abstract:Svalbard is an archipelago at the north-western edge of the Barents Sea. Despite its extreme northerly position, the climate is relatively mild in the western part of the archipelago. This is due to the warm North Atlantic Current reaching Spitsbergen, the largest island, causing temperatures there to frequently fluctuate around freezing, even in winter. Svalbard ecosystems share some attributes typical of islands. However, in spite of the limited land area there is large heterogeneity among ecosystems on different spatial scales: three out of five Arctic bioclimatic subzones occur in the archipelago, stretching from extremely low productive polar deserts to relatively productive tundra. Plant community data presented in this paper demonstrate that plant communities in mesic (zonal) habitats are well differentiated among the different bioclimatic subzones. Within a subzone, strong community differentiation occurs between mesic and ridge habitats in the two warmest zones, but not in the coldest, the polar desert. Relative to 'mainlands', species diversity is low on Svalbard and terrestrial food webs are simple, with strong links to marine food webs. However, fully accounting for the invertebrate components of the food webs reveals a considerable complexity that may contribute to ecosystem robustness. Fragility of the terrestrial ecosystems on Svalbard is discussed in terms of island characteristics. It is concluded that these ecosystems are robust in terms of temporal variation in herbivore populations and climate, but are fragile in terms of human disturbance. Their fragility in terms of climate change is still an open question that needs more thorough evaluation.
{"title":"TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS ON SVALBARD: HETEROGENEITY, COMPLEXITY AND FRAGILITY FROM AN ARCTIC ISLAND PERSPECTIVE","authors":"I. Jónsdóttir","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2005.105.3.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2005.105.3.155","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Svalbard is an archipelago at the north-western edge of the Barents Sea. Despite its extreme northerly position, the climate is relatively mild in the western part of the archipelago. This is due to the warm North Atlantic Current reaching Spitsbergen, the largest island, causing temperatures there to frequently fluctuate around freezing, even in winter. Svalbard ecosystems share some attributes typical of islands. However, in spite of the limited land area there is large heterogeneity among ecosystems on different spatial scales: three out of five Arctic bioclimatic subzones occur in the archipelago, stretching from extremely low productive polar deserts to relatively productive tundra. Plant community data presented in this paper demonstrate that plant communities in mesic (zonal) habitats are well differentiated among the different bioclimatic subzones. Within a subzone, strong community differentiation occurs between mesic and ridge habitats in the two warmest zones, but not in the coldest, the polar desert. Relative to 'mainlands', species diversity is low on Svalbard and terrestrial food webs are simple, with strong links to marine food webs. However, fully accounting for the invertebrate components of the food webs reveals a considerable complexity that may contribute to ecosystem robustness. Fragility of the terrestrial ecosystems on Svalbard is discussed in terms of island characteristics. It is concluded that these ecosystems are robust in terms of temporal variation in herbivore populations and climate, but are fragile in terms of human disturbance. Their fragility in terms of climate change is still an open question that needs more thorough evaluation.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"2 1","pages":"155 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88029008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Effective implementation of the integrated catchment management approach, catchment characterisation and suitable catchment management strategies and measures are the means of ensuring protection of satisfactory water resources and improvement of unsatisfactory water resources, and achievement of Water Framework Directive requirements. Lessons have been learned from the first-cycle River Basin Management Plans, particularly on the need for proper public and community engagement and involvement, improved governance and targeting of appropriate mitigation measures. However, challenges need to be overcome: there needs to be genuine integration of the work of discipline- or process-based sections in public bodies and better collaboration between these bodies; the environment must be at the core of sustainable intensification; appropriate mitigation measures for diffuse and small point sources will need to be analysed and targeted to the pressures; and there is a need to ensure the involvement, cooperation and co-ownership of water (and biodiversity) management by local people and communities. The approach currently being undertaken is laying a solid foundation for integrating science and people, and is a basis for optimism.
{"title":"Progress and challenges in managing our catchments effectively","authors":"D. Daly, Marie E Archbold, J. Deakin","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2016.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2016.16","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Effective implementation of the integrated catchment management approach, catchment characterisation and suitable catchment management strategies and measures are the means of ensuring protection of satisfactory water resources and improvement of unsatisfactory water resources, and achievement of Water Framework Directive requirements. Lessons have been learned from the first-cycle River Basin Management Plans, particularly on the need for proper public and community engagement and involvement, improved governance and targeting of appropriate mitigation measures. However, challenges need to be overcome: there needs to be genuine integration of the work of discipline- or process-based sections in public bodies and better collaboration between these bodies; the environment must be at the core of sustainable intensification; appropriate mitigation measures for diffuse and small point sources will need to be analysed and targeted to the pressures; and there is a need to ensure the involvement, cooperation and co-ownership of water (and biodiversity) management by local people and communities. The approach currently being undertaken is laying a solid foundation for integrating science and people, and is a basis for optimism.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"40 1","pages":"157 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90687107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seyed Hossein Mirtaleb, Yosoof Niknejad, H. Fallah
Abstract:A field trial was conducted to determine the effect of foliar applications of amino acids (AA) and potassium (K) on photosynthetic pigments, nitrogen metabolising enzymes, growth and yield of the rice variety ‘Tarom mahali’. The trial, which was comprised of four treatments (control, AA, K and AA+K) using randomised complete block design with three replications, was conducted at the Rice Research Institute of Iran (Amol). Data gathered during 2018 and 2019 showed that the foliar spray of AA and AA+K increased the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, N uptake in grain and straw, and the activity of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase, whilst reducing the activity of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase. The foliar application of AA+K also significantly increased plant height, spike length, grain number, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index. Therefore, it can be concluded that the combined spray of AA and K can be a suitable practice for improving the yield of rice along with a reduction in the environmental pollution.
{"title":"Effect of foliar sprays of amino acids and potassium on nitrogen-metabolising enzymes, growth and yield of rice","authors":"Seyed Hossein Mirtaleb, Yosoof Niknejad, H. Fallah","doi":"10.3318/bioe.2021.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/bioe.2021.08","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:A field trial was conducted to determine the effect of foliar applications of amino acids (AA) and potassium (K) on photosynthetic pigments, nitrogen metabolising enzymes, growth and yield of the rice variety ‘Tarom mahali’. The trial, which was comprised of four treatments (control, AA, K and AA+K) using randomised complete block design with three replications, was conducted at the Rice Research Institute of Iran (Amol). Data gathered during 2018 and 2019 showed that the foliar spray of AA and AA+K increased the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, N uptake in grain and straw, and the activity of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase, whilst reducing the activity of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase. The foliar application of AA+K also significantly increased plant height, spike length, grain number, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index. Therefore, it can be concluded that the combined spray of AA and K can be a suitable practice for improving the yield of rice along with a reduction in the environmental pollution.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"27 1","pages":"123 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86763392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:ABSTRACTThe balance between carbon removal and oxygen production plays a key role in global biogeochemical carbon cycles. Therefore, carbon flows through an ecosystem are an important determinant of its ability to act as a carbon sink. Using remote-sensing images and precipitation, temperature and total solar radiation data from 1998 to 2007, and a light use efficiency model, we study the effects of changes in these parameters and land use and cover types on removing carbon and producing oxygen value in Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Region. The results show that carbon removal value is 3.62 $ B a−1 in Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Region. Over the ten year period considered, the highest value of carbon removal is in 2005 at 4.83 $ B a−1 and the minimum is in 2002 at 2.54 $ B a−1. The average value of producing oxygen is 3.84 $ B a−1, more than 0.23 $ B a−1 of which is carbon removal. The amount of carbon removal in the Guanzhong-Tianshui economic region decreased between 2007 and 1998. There is a gradual decrease in the average level of carbon removal and oxygen production travelling from the south of the study area towards the north, in a way that mirrors the elevation of the land. From the perspective of land use types, forestland>grassland>cultivated land>other types. From space distribution perspective, unit value of carbon removal and oxygen production in southern counties is higher than northern counties: in general, the value decreased gradually from south to north.
摘要:碳去除与氧生成的平衡在全球生物地球化学碳循环中起着关键作用。因此，通过生态系统的碳流是其作为碳汇能力的重要决定因素。利用1998 - 2007年遥感影像、降水、温度和太阳总辐射数据，结合光能利用效率模型，研究了关中-天水经济区土地利用覆盖类型和这些参数的变化对碳产氧值的影响。结果表明:关中-天水经济区的碳去除率为3.62美元a−1;在考虑的十年期间，碳去除的最高价值是2005年的4.83亿美元，最低价值是2002年的2.54亿美元。平均产氧值为3.84 $ B a−1，其中除碳值大于0.23 $ B a−1。关中-天水经济区的碳去除量在2007 - 1998年间呈下降趋势。从研究区域的南部到北部，碳去除和氧气产生的平均水平逐渐下降，这在某种程度上反映了土地的海拔。从土地利用类型来看，林地>草地>耕地>其他类型。从空间分布上看，南方县域的除碳产氧单位值高于北方县域，总体上由南向北逐渐降低。
{"title":"The impact of terrestrial ecosystems on carbon assimilation and oxygen production in the Guanzhong-Tianshui economic region of China","authors":"Z. Zhou, J. Li","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2015.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2015.01","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:ABSTRACTThe balance between carbon removal and oxygen production plays a key role in global biogeochemical carbon cycles. Therefore, carbon flows through an ecosystem are an important determinant of its ability to act as a carbon sink. Using remote-sensing images and precipitation, temperature and total solar radiation data from 1998 to 2007, and a light use efficiency model, we study the effects of changes in these parameters and land use and cover types on removing carbon and producing oxygen value in Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Region. The results show that carbon removal value is 3.62 $ B a−1 in Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Region. Over the ten year period considered, the highest value of carbon removal is in 2005 at 4.83 $ B a−1 and the minimum is in 2002 at 2.54 $ B a−1. The average value of producing oxygen is 3.84 $ B a−1, more than 0.23 $ B a−1 of which is carbon removal. The amount of carbon removal in the Guanzhong-Tianshui economic region decreased between 2007 and 1998. There is a gradual decrease in the average level of carbon removal and oxygen production travelling from the south of the study area towards the north, in a way that mirrors the elevation of the land. From the perspective of land use types, forestland>grassland>cultivated land>other types. From space distribution perspective, unit value of carbon removal and oxygen production in southern counties is higher than northern counties: in general, the value decreased gradually from south to north.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"48 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86923491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Geomycology is the study of the roles of fungi in geological processes. The biogeochemical importance of fungi is significant in several areas, including nutrient and element cycling, rock, mineral and metal transformations, bioweathering and mycogenic biomineral formation. Such processes can occur in aquatic and terrestrial habitats, but it is the terrestrial environment where fungi probably have the greatest geochemical influence. Of special significance are the mutualistic relationships with phototrophic organisms: lichens (algae, cyanobacteria) and mycorrhizas (plants). Central to many geomycological processes are transformations of metals and minerals, and fungi possess many properties that effect changes in metal speciation, toxicity and mobility, as well as mineral formation or mineral dissolution or deterioration. Some fungal transformations have potential applications in environmental biotechnology, e.g. metal and radionuclide leaching, recovery, detoxification and bioremediation, and in the production or deposition of biominerals or metallic elements with catalytic or other properties. Metal and mineral transformations may also result in adverse effects when these processes result in spoilage and destruction of natural and synthetic materials, rock and mineral-based building materials (e.g. concrete), biocorrosion of metals, alloys and related substances, and adverse effects on radionuclide speciation, mobility and containment.
{"title":"PRAEGER REVIEW: GEOMYCOLOGY: FUNGI AS AGENTS OF BIOGEOCHEMICAL CHANGE","authors":"G. Gadd","doi":"10.1353/bae.2013.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bae.2013.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Geomycology is the study of the roles of fungi in geological processes. The biogeochemical importance of fungi is significant in several areas, including nutrient and element cycling, rock, mineral and metal transformations, bioweathering and mycogenic biomineral formation. Such processes can occur in aquatic and terrestrial habitats, but it is the terrestrial environment where fungi probably have the greatest geochemical influence. Of special significance are the mutualistic relationships with phototrophic organisms: lichens (algae, cyanobacteria) and mycorrhizas (plants). Central to many geomycological processes are transformations of metals and minerals, and fungi possess many properties that effect changes in metal speciation, toxicity and mobility, as well as mineral formation or mineral dissolution or deterioration. Some fungal transformations have potential applications in environmental biotechnology, e.g. metal and radionuclide leaching, recovery, detoxification and bioremediation, and in the production or deposition of biominerals or metallic elements with catalytic or other properties. Metal and mineral transformations may also result in adverse effects when these processes result in spoilage and destruction of natural and synthetic materials, rock and mineral-based building materials (e.g. concrete), biocorrosion of metals, alloys and related substances, and adverse effects on radionuclide speciation, mobility and containment.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"28 1","pages":"139 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74614823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3318/BIOE.2008.108.2.109
J. Strong, M. Service
Abstract:Sediment coring for subsequent elemental analysis and radionuclide dating is an effective way to reconstruct sedimentation and contamination chronologies in sheltered marine environments. Of four sediment cores collected in Strangford Lough, three showed clear spikes in the mass accumulation of sediment in the late 1970s and early 1980s. These brief periods of heavy sedimentation also coincided with periods of conspicuous change in particle-size parameters in two cores. Monthly meteorological data for Northern Ireland suggest that wind speeds and rainfall were also above average for this period. However, the majority of the annualised meteorological data failed to correlate with the particle-size parameters or the sedimentation rate. Heavy-metal analysis indicated that most metals are near a predicted background concentration, although Cd appears to be particularly enriched, and Cd concentrations continue to increase in the most recent deposits. This study furthers our understanding of historical rates of sedimentation in Strangford Lough. The influence of anthropogenic activities on sedimentation dynamics is also discussed.
{"title":"HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGIES OF SEDIMENTATION AND HEAVY-METAL CONTAMINATION IN STRANGFORD LOUGH, NORTHERN IRELAND","authors":"J. Strong, M. Service","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2008.108.2.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2008.108.2.109","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Sediment coring for subsequent elemental analysis and radionuclide dating is an effective way to reconstruct sedimentation and contamination chronologies in sheltered marine environments. Of four sediment cores collected in Strangford Lough, three showed clear spikes in the mass accumulation of sediment in the late 1970s and early 1980s. These brief periods of heavy sedimentation also coincided with periods of conspicuous change in particle-size parameters in two cores. Monthly meteorological data for Northern Ireland suggest that wind speeds and rainfall were also above average for this period. However, the majority of the annualised meteorological data failed to correlate with the particle-size parameters or the sedimentation rate. Heavy-metal analysis indicated that most metals are near a predicted background concentration, although Cd appears to be particularly enriched, and Cd concentrations continue to increase in the most recent deposits. This study furthers our understanding of historical rates of sedimentation in Strangford Lough. The influence of anthropogenic activities on sedimentation dynamics is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"74 1","pages":"109 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77546693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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