Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.1353/bae.2023.a901466
J. M. Nolan, Ilze Skujina, Gwenaëlle Hurpy, E. Teeling
ABSTRACT:The cinnabar moth Tyria jacobaeae (Linnaeus) is a common species of Lepidoptera found throughout Ireland on grasslands, heathland, wasteland and sand dunes. Currently there are no known records of bat predation of this toxic moth. Using DNA barcoding of a partially digested fragment from the faeces of a brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus collected from county Offaly, we identified a T. jacobaeae. The use of DNA barcoding was shown to be an effective tool in identifying a highly degraded sample from bat faeces, as well as determining the species of bat it was taken from. This is the first indication of the T. jacobaeae being present in any bat diet, both in Ireland and elsewhere.
{"title":"First Evidence of the Cinnabar Moth Tyria Jacobaeae Present in the Diet of the Brown Long-Eared Bat Plecotus Auritus","authors":"J. M. Nolan, Ilze Skujina, Gwenaëlle Hurpy, E. Teeling","doi":"10.1353/bae.2023.a901466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bae.2023.a901466","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The cinnabar moth Tyria jacobaeae (Linnaeus) is a common species of Lepidoptera found throughout Ireland on grasslands, heathland, wasteland and sand dunes. Currently there are no known records of bat predation of this toxic moth. Using DNA barcoding of a partially digested fragment from the faeces of a brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus collected from county Offaly, we identified a T. jacobaeae. The use of DNA barcoding was shown to be an effective tool in identifying a highly degraded sample from bat faeces, as well as determining the species of bat it was taken from. This is the first indication of the T. jacobaeae being present in any bat diet, both in Ireland and elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"5 1","pages":"57 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76812171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Taite, L. Dillon, J. Strugnell, J. Drewery, A. Allcock
ABSTRACT:The taxonomy of Bathypolypus and Muusoctopus has long been confounded by poor original descriptions and difficulty in distinguishing among species morphologically. We aimed to use DNA barcoding in conjunction with species delimitation techniques and morphological identification of mature males to identify the species of Bathypolypus and Muusoctopus present in the North-east Atlantic and provide additional information on species distributions. From 298 specimens collected during biannual Deepwater Timeseries cruises and other aligned surveys undertaken by Marine Scotland onboard MRV Scotia between 2005–19, we identified Bathypolypus arcticus, B. ergasticus, B. bairdii, B. sponsalis, B. pugniger, Muusoctopus normani and M. johnsonianus as well as an unidentified Muusoctopus species that we conclude is likely to be a new species. We show the utility of DNA barcoding in identifying difficult to distinguish species such as deep-sea octopuses. Studies like ours are essential to provide clarity on the taxonomy of such groups and to determine the true diversity and distribution of species within them.
{"title":"DNA Barcoding Reveals Unexpected Diversity of Deep-Sea Octopuses in the North-East Atlantic","authors":"M. Taite, L. Dillon, J. Strugnell, J. Drewery, A. Allcock","doi":"10.1353/bae.2023.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bae.2023.0000","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The taxonomy of Bathypolypus and Muusoctopus has long been confounded by poor original descriptions and difficulty in distinguishing among species morphologically. We aimed to use DNA barcoding in conjunction with species delimitation techniques and morphological identification of mature males to identify the species of Bathypolypus and Muusoctopus present in the North-east Atlantic and provide additional information on species distributions. From 298 specimens collected during biannual Deepwater Timeseries cruises and other aligned surveys undertaken by Marine Scotland onboard MRV Scotia between 2005–19, we identified Bathypolypus arcticus, B. ergasticus, B. bairdii, B. sponsalis, B. pugniger, Muusoctopus normani and M. johnsonianus as well as an unidentified Muusoctopus species that we conclude is likely to be a new species. We show the utility of DNA barcoding in identifying difficult to distinguish species such as deep-sea octopuses. Studies like ours are essential to provide clarity on the taxonomy of such groups and to determine the true diversity and distribution of species within them.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"23 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91143966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thirty Years On","authors":"B. Osborne","doi":"10.1353/bae.2023.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bae.2023.0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73436638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Holocene animal tracks from the intertidal zone in the west of Ireland","authors":"Kieran Westley, A. Cooper, R. Plets","doi":"10.1353/bae.2023.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bae.2023.0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77760429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1353/bae.2023.a905271
E. Jobbová, R. McLeman, Arlene Crampsie, C. Murphy, F. Ludlow, Celina Hevesi, Laura Sente, C. Horváth
ABSTRACT: Severe drought conditions in 2018 prompted concerted efforts by Irish authorities to establish a formal planning process for drought risks as part of the wider national water management strategy. More than two decades had passed since Ireland had experienced a socioeconomically significant drought, but recently reconstructed long-term data have shown that drought is a much more frequent hazard here than previously thought. With climate change impacts likely to affect the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation in coming decades, there is an ongoing need for further planning and preparation to reduce the vulnerability of the Irish water system to droughts. In this article we report results of a systematic comparison of Irish drought management plans and policies with those in southwestern Ontario, Canada, a region that shares many similar drought risk factors and management challenges but has longer established institutional practices for managing droughts. Key recommendations for Irish water managers emerging from this project include fostering a culture of water conservation among the Irish public; using catchments as the spatial unit for drought monitoring and management decisions; creation of standing drought management teams that involve and broaden key stakeholders and user groups; and further refining data collection to support planning for future challenges associated with climate change. Pursuing future opportunities for peer-to-peer learning between Irish water managers and their counterparts in other jurisdictions is a wider opportunity for developing best practices for drought management in the Irish context.
{"title":"Institutional Management and Planning for Droughts: A Comparison of Ireland and Ontario, Canada","authors":"E. Jobbová, R. McLeman, Arlene Crampsie, C. Murphy, F. Ludlow, Celina Hevesi, Laura Sente, C. Horváth","doi":"10.1353/bae.2023.a905271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bae.2023.a905271","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Severe drought conditions in 2018 prompted concerted efforts by Irish authorities to establish a formal planning process for drought risks as part of the wider national water management strategy. More than two decades had passed since Ireland had experienced a socioeconomically significant drought, but recently reconstructed long-term data have shown that drought is a much more frequent hazard here than previously thought. With climate change impacts likely to affect the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation in coming decades, there is an ongoing need for further planning and preparation to reduce the vulnerability of the Irish water system to droughts. In this article we report results of a systematic comparison of Irish drought management plans and policies with those in southwestern Ontario, Canada, a region that shares many similar drought risk factors and management challenges but has longer established institutional practices for managing droughts. Key recommendations for Irish water managers emerging from this project include fostering a culture of water conservation among the Irish public; using catchments as the spatial unit for drought monitoring and management decisions; creation of standing drought management teams that involve and broaden key stakeholders and user groups; and further refining data collection to support planning for future challenges associated with climate change. Pursuing future opportunities for peer-to-peer learning between Irish water managers and their counterparts in other jurisdictions is a wider opportunity for developing best practices for drought management in the Irish context.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80486980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transforming conservation: a practical guide to evidence and decision making ed. by William J. Sutherland","authors":"C. Dalton","doi":"10.1353/bae.2023.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bae.2023.0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75942524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Jennings, E. de Eyto, M. Dillane, P. Mellander, F. Regan, R. Wilkes, M. O'Neill, Ciprian Briciu-Burghina, P. Antunes, P. Jordan, J. Arnscheidt, S. Linnane, Valerie McCarthy, Y. McElarney, D. Huallacháin, A. Rolston, C. Wynne
ABSTRACT:Until recent decades, most monitoring of surface waters relied exclusively on samples analysed in the laboratory for ecologically and management-relevant parameters. It is now possible, however, to automatically monitor many parameters using in-situ sensors and to provide remote web-based access to these data. Such data are typically provided at frequencies of minutes rather than at the weekly, fortnightly or monthly intervals typical of traditional monitoring and therefore capture both short-term change and, for inter-annual deployments, long-term trends. Here we give an overview of the use of high frequency monitoring (HFM) in Ireland and present case studies from a set of four sites, representative of the catchment-stream-lake-estuary continuum, to illustrate new insights that such deployments can provide. These include effects of cattle access on stream turbidity; biogeochemical processing in agricultural streams; effects of summer storms on dissolved organic matter in a catchment and lake; and changes in a trophic index in an estuarine setting. We discuss the additional information provided by such systems when compared to traditional monitoring, some of the challenges related to their use, and assess the future use of HFM to inform management of and policy for aquatic systems on the island of Ireland.
{"title":"Using High Frequency In-Situ Monitoring to Gain New Insights into Irish Aquatic Systems","authors":"E. Jennings, E. de Eyto, M. Dillane, P. Mellander, F. Regan, R. Wilkes, M. O'Neill, Ciprian Briciu-Burghina, P. Antunes, P. Jordan, J. Arnscheidt, S. Linnane, Valerie McCarthy, Y. McElarney, D. Huallacháin, A. Rolston, C. Wynne","doi":"10.1353/bae.2022.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bae.2022.0014","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Until recent decades, most monitoring of surface waters relied exclusively on samples analysed in the laboratory for ecologically and management-relevant parameters. It is now possible, however, to automatically monitor many parameters using in-situ sensors and to provide remote web-based access to these data. Such data are typically provided at frequencies of minutes rather than at the weekly, fortnightly or monthly intervals typical of traditional monitoring and therefore capture both short-term change and, for inter-annual deployments, long-term trends. Here we give an overview of the use of high frequency monitoring (HFM) in Ireland and present case studies from a set of four sites, representative of the catchment-stream-lake-estuary continuum, to illustrate new insights that such deployments can provide. These include effects of cattle access on stream turbidity; biogeochemical processing in agricultural streams; effects of summer storms on dissolved organic matter in a catchment and lake; and changes in a trophic index in an estuarine setting. We discuss the additional information provided by such systems when compared to traditional monitoring, some of the challenges related to their use, and assess the future use of HFM to inform management of and policy for aquatic systems on the island of Ireland.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"94 1","pages":"201 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87197482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yvonne Ryan-Fogarty, Caitrı́ona M. Carlin, T. Kirakowski, Maria J. Kirrane, L. Lysaght, Darren T. Reidy
ABSTRACT:University campuses contribute substantially to urban green and blue infrastructure and are habitats for biodiversity in urban environments. Higher education institutions bear responsibility to conserve biodiversity and enhance the ecological value of their green and blue spaces, thereby educating about the importance of biodiversity in a sustainable society. This paper is a retrospective formative evaluation charting Intervarsity BioBlitz (a cross-institutional biodiversity recording competition) in higher education institutes in Ireland. Intervarsity BioBlitz enabled academic institutions to form and monitor biodiversity inventories for green and blue spaces on campus, map records into GIS layers, and promote campus biodiversity with the student body and management. Intervarsity BioBlitz offered an engaging and interactive means of quantifying campus biodiversity while also educating staff, students, and the wider community about biodiversity and connecting them to nature. It became a valuable tool for sustainability reporting in the higher education institution sector contributing to national and international biodiversity monitoring. Embedding Intervarsity BioBlitz with existing sustainability initiatives further enhanced performance and informed the delivery of action plans. Higher education institutes need to teach survey and identification skills, facilitate interest, awareness, and action to protect biodiversity. Biodiversity needs to become more prominent in international higher education sustainability metrics if we are to adequately address the triple planetary crisis of climate change, pollution and biodiversity loss.
{"title":"Evaluating the Use of Intervarsity Bioblitz as an Engagement and Reporting Tool for Biodiversity in Green and Blue Spaces on Urban Campuses: A Case Study of Irish Universities","authors":"Yvonne Ryan-Fogarty, Caitrı́ona M. Carlin, T. Kirakowski, Maria J. Kirrane, L. Lysaght, Darren T. Reidy","doi":"10.1353/bae.2022.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bae.2022.0012","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:University campuses contribute substantially to urban green and blue infrastructure and are habitats for biodiversity in urban environments. Higher education institutions bear responsibility to conserve biodiversity and enhance the ecological value of their green and blue spaces, thereby educating about the importance of biodiversity in a sustainable society. This paper is a retrospective formative evaluation charting Intervarsity BioBlitz (a cross-institutional biodiversity recording competition) in higher education institutes in Ireland. Intervarsity BioBlitz enabled academic institutions to form and monitor biodiversity inventories for green and blue spaces on campus, map records into GIS layers, and promote campus biodiversity with the student body and management. Intervarsity BioBlitz offered an engaging and interactive means of quantifying campus biodiversity while also educating staff, students, and the wider community about biodiversity and connecting them to nature. It became a valuable tool for sustainability reporting in the higher education institution sector contributing to national and international biodiversity monitoring. Embedding Intervarsity BioBlitz with existing sustainability initiatives further enhanced performance and informed the delivery of action plans. Higher education institutes need to teach survey and identification skills, facilitate interest, awareness, and action to protect biodiversity. Biodiversity needs to become more prominent in international higher education sustainability metrics if we are to adequately address the triple planetary crisis of climate change, pollution and biodiversity loss.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"29 1","pages":"181 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91375988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. DeMilio, D. V. Tumanov, C. Lawton, J. G. Hansen
ABSTRACT:Parechiniscus Cuénot, 1926 is a monotypic genus of tardigrades that includes among its characteristic features the uncommon trait of unpaired dorsal cuticular plates at the position of each of the first three leg pairs. Our morphological analyses of Irish Parechiniscus specimens, which included scanning electron microscopy, led to a new interpretation of configuration and details of the dorsal cuticular plate morphology in this genus. We also provide comments on Parechiniscus morphometry, sensory organs and sexual system. New emendations to the genus diagnosis based on our findings are proposed. Additionally, we record Echiniscus spiniger Richters, 1904 and Testechiniscus spitsbergensis spitsbergensis (Scourfield, 1897) from Ireland for the first time.
{"title":"Observations of Irish Parechiniscus Cuénot, 1926 (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) Convey New Information (And Questions) About the Genus","authors":"E. DeMilio, D. V. Tumanov, C. Lawton, J. G. Hansen","doi":"10.1353/bae.2022.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bae.2022.0011","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Parechiniscus Cuénot, 1926 is a monotypic genus of tardigrades that includes among its characteristic features the uncommon trait of unpaired dorsal cuticular plates at the position of each of the first three leg pairs. Our morphological analyses of Irish Parechiniscus specimens, which included scanning electron microscopy, led to a new interpretation of configuration and details of the dorsal cuticular plate morphology in this genus. We also provide comments on Parechiniscus morphometry, sensory organs and sexual system. New emendations to the genus diagnosis based on our findings are proposed. Additionally, we record Echiniscus spiniger Richters, 1904 and Testechiniscus spitsbergensis spitsbergensis (Scourfield, 1897) from Ireland for the first time.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"128 24 1","pages":"161 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87765671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Donahue, F. Renou-Wilson, C. Pschenyckyj, M. Kelly-Quinn
ABSTRACT:Peatlands, which account for 21% of total land area in the Republic of Ireland, have been subjected to large-scale drainage and extraction of peat for fuel since the Industrial Revolution, continuing throughout the twentieth and early twenty-first century. Though the effects of this extraction on the water quality of streams draining peatlands have received extensive study, little research has investigated the direct effects of peat drainage and extraction on the aquatic biota (e.g. fish, macroinvertebrates, macrophytes, phytobenthos) of these streams and no studies have yet been published on these effects in Irish peatland streams. This paper reviewed the available data on the effects of physico-chemical stressors such as ammonia, heavy metals and peat sedimentation associated with drainage and extraction on the aquatic biota of peatland streams. Results suggest that peatland drainage and extraction provide several serious challenges to aquatic life, including increased mortality, reduced richness, behavioural changes, habitat alterations and changes in community structure. This review also details the benefits of peatland restoration via drain-blocking on aquatic biota and highlights the extensive knowledge gaps that exist in understanding the effects of peatland derived stressors on surface water communities. These include the impact of peat sedimentation on aquatic biota, the paucity of information on the effects on phytobenthos communities and a lack of knowledge of how the various peat-derived stressors interact to impact aquatic communities in addition to inadequate knowledge of the responses of stream biota to peatland restoration.
{"title":"A Review of the Impact on Aquatic Communities of Inputs from Peatlands Drained for Peat Extraction","authors":"Thomas Donahue, F. Renou-Wilson, C. Pschenyckyj, M. Kelly-Quinn","doi":"10.1353/bae.2022.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bae.2022.0010","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Peatlands, which account for 21% of total land area in the Republic of Ireland, have been subjected to large-scale drainage and extraction of peat for fuel since the Industrial Revolution, continuing throughout the twentieth and early twenty-first century. Though the effects of this extraction on the water quality of streams draining peatlands have received extensive study, little research has investigated the direct effects of peat drainage and extraction on the aquatic biota (e.g. fish, macroinvertebrates, macrophytes, phytobenthos) of these streams and no studies have yet been published on these effects in Irish peatland streams. This paper reviewed the available data on the effects of physico-chemical stressors such as ammonia, heavy metals and peat sedimentation associated with drainage and extraction on the aquatic biota of peatland streams. Results suggest that peatland drainage and extraction provide several serious challenges to aquatic life, including increased mortality, reduced richness, behavioural changes, habitat alterations and changes in community structure. This review also details the benefits of peatland restoration via drain-blocking on aquatic biota and highlights the extensive knowledge gaps that exist in understanding the effects of peatland derived stressors on surface water communities. These include the impact of peat sedimentation on aquatic biota, the paucity of information on the effects on phytobenthos communities and a lack of knowledge of how the various peat-derived stressors interact to impact aquatic communities in addition to inadequate knowledge of the responses of stream biota to peatland restoration.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"78 1","pages":"145 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84526279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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