Recent phylogeographical studies have revealed that refugia sometimes retain high levels of genetic heterogeneity due to multiple colonization events, a phenomenon defined as ‘refugia within refugium’. In previous research, we reported a complex genetic structure within the Geranium yesoense complex, an alpine plant found in an interglacial refugium at high elevation in Central Japan, probably resulting from multiple colonization and hybridization events. However, we were unable to evaluate instances of introgression due to limited sample size. In the present study, we performed additional chloroplast genome sequencing, along with Sanger sequencing of selected chloroplast DNA regions, to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among the refugial populations. The chloroplast genome sequence of a sample from Mt. Asama (an important refugium) was nested within the northern lineage (i.e. var. yesoense and var. pseudopratense), and haplotypes from Mt. Asama and Mt. Ibuki were also grouped with those of the northern lineage. Although our previous study suggested hybridization events between northern and southern lineages (i.e. var. nipponicum) at Mt. Asama, haplotypes from the southern lineage were not detected at range margins. This suggests that directional introgression occurred in these regions. Overall, our results further support that genetic heterogeneity within these refugia was amplified by recolonization and hybridization during past climate oscillations.
{"title":"Refugia within refugium of Geranium yesoense varieties: a follow-up study using chloroplast genome sequencing data of specimens from Mt. Asama, Japan","authors":"Seikan Kurata, Shota Sakaguchi, Osamu Kurashima, Risa Ogawa, Yoshihisa Suyama, Sachiko Nishida, Motomi Ito","doi":"10.1093/biolinnean/blad121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blad121","url":null,"abstract":"Recent phylogeographical studies have revealed that refugia sometimes retain high levels of genetic heterogeneity due to multiple colonization events, a phenomenon defined as ‘refugia within refugium’. In previous research, we reported a complex genetic structure within the Geranium yesoense complex, an alpine plant found in an interglacial refugium at high elevation in Central Japan, probably resulting from multiple colonization and hybridization events. However, we were unable to evaluate instances of introgression due to limited sample size. In the present study, we performed additional chloroplast genome sequencing, along with Sanger sequencing of selected chloroplast DNA regions, to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among the refugial populations. The chloroplast genome sequence of a sample from Mt. Asama (an important refugium) was nested within the northern lineage (i.e. var. yesoense and var. pseudopratense), and haplotypes from Mt. Asama and Mt. Ibuki were also grouped with those of the northern lineage. Although our previous study suggested hybridization events between northern and southern lineages (i.e. var. nipponicum) at Mt. Asama, haplotypes from the southern lineage were not detected at range margins. This suggests that directional introgression occurred in these regions. Overall, our results further support that genetic heterogeneity within these refugia was amplified by recolonization and hybridization during past climate oscillations.","PeriodicalId":55373,"journal":{"name":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139083412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blad132
Matías González-Barboza, Nadia Bou, Soledad Byrne, Juan Ignacio Túnez, José Mauricio Barbanti Duarte, Mariana Cosse
The capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is a large semi-aquatic rodent with a broad distribution across South America. Although it is a relatively common and well-known species, there are few studies on its evolutionary history. Consequently, we decided to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history of capybaras, including new populations from its southern distribution range, by using a 226 bp fragment of the mitochondrial D-loop region. We found 16 haplotypes and populations, with moderate levels of haplotype and nucleotide diversity. In addition, the genetic structure analyses suggested high genetic divergence among populations, mainly among Pampean and Chacoan populations. We also found a consistent phylogeographical pattern with the distribution of main rivers. In agreement with palaeontological data, we propose two colonization pathways towards the south driven by main basins: Paraná–Paraguay and Uruguay–Atlantic.
水豚（Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris）是一种大型半水栖啮齿动物，广泛分布于南美洲。虽然水豚是一种相对常见且广为人知的物种，但有关其进化史的研究却很少。因此，我们决定利用线粒体 D 环区的 226 bp 片段来研究水豚的遗传多样性、种群结构和人口历史，包括其南部分布区的新种群。我们发现了 16 个单倍型和种群，单倍型和核苷酸的多样性处于中等水平。此外，遗传结构分析表明，不同种群之间，主要是潘潘种群和查科种群之间的遗传差异较大。我们还发现了与主要河流分布一致的系统地理学模式。与古生物学数据一致，我们提出了两条由主要流域驱动的向南殖民之路：巴拉那-巴拉圭和乌拉圭-大西洋。
{"title":"Genetic structure of southern populations of Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Rodentia: Caviidae)","authors":"Matías González-Barboza, Nadia Bou, Soledad Byrne, Juan Ignacio Túnez, José Mauricio Barbanti Duarte, Mariana Cosse","doi":"10.1093/biolinnean/blad132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blad132","url":null,"abstract":"The capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is a large semi-aquatic rodent with a broad distribution across South America. Although it is a relatively common and well-known species, there are few studies on its evolutionary history. Consequently, we decided to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history of capybaras, including new populations from its southern distribution range, by using a 226 bp fragment of the mitochondrial D-loop region. We found 16 haplotypes and populations, with moderate levels of haplotype and nucleotide diversity. In addition, the genetic structure analyses suggested high genetic divergence among populations, mainly among Pampean and Chacoan populations. We also found a consistent phylogeographical pattern with the distribution of main rivers. In agreement with palaeontological data, we propose two colonization pathways towards the south driven by main basins: Paraná–Paraguay and Uruguay–Atlantic.","PeriodicalId":55373,"journal":{"name":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139051641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blad166
Noelia V Guzmán, Luciano M Gandini, Elio R Castillo, Florencia Fernandez Campón, Maria Marta Cigliano, Viviana A Confalonieri
The grasshopper Trimerotropis pallidipennis species complex is distributed across arid and semi-arid environments from North to South America, reaching high altitudes along the Andes Mountain range. Currently, there are four valid species of Trimerotropis in South America. However, some species were found to comprise several genetic lineages. Here, we describe the genetic structure, lineage diversification, and environmental requirements within the Trimerotropis species complex in South America based on sequences from the mitochondrial COI gene, 4048 single nucleotide polymorphisms, and ecological niche modelling. The analyses revealed the existence of at least five lineages: two with a restricted geographical distribution and three with a very wide one. The results provide evidence that glacial cycles promoted not only the presence of refuge areas but also the isolation of widely distributed lineages on the eastern and western sides of the southern Andes, potentially driving the emergence of the Trimerotropis sp. lineage, which can tolerate more temperate habitats. Our results provide evidence for the effects of Pleistocene climatic changes on the diversification history of a South American grasshopper species complex.
{"title":"Pleistocene climatic oscillations influenced the emergence of geographically widespread and restricted genetic lineages in an Andean grasshopper species group","authors":"Noelia V Guzmán, Luciano M Gandini, Elio R Castillo, Florencia Fernandez Campón, Maria Marta Cigliano, Viviana A Confalonieri","doi":"10.1093/biolinnean/blad166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blad166","url":null,"abstract":"The grasshopper Trimerotropis pallidipennis species complex is distributed across arid and semi-arid environments from North to South America, reaching high altitudes along the Andes Mountain range. Currently, there are four valid species of Trimerotropis in South America. However, some species were found to comprise several genetic lineages. Here, we describe the genetic structure, lineage diversification, and environmental requirements within the Trimerotropis species complex in South America based on sequences from the mitochondrial COI gene, 4048 single nucleotide polymorphisms, and ecological niche modelling. The analyses revealed the existence of at least five lineages: two with a restricted geographical distribution and three with a very wide one. The results provide evidence that glacial cycles promoted not only the presence of refuge areas but also the isolation of widely distributed lineages on the eastern and western sides of the southern Andes, potentially driving the emergence of the Trimerotropis sp. lineage, which can tolerate more temperate habitats. Our results provide evidence for the effects of Pleistocene climatic changes on the diversification history of a South American grasshopper species complex.","PeriodicalId":55373,"journal":{"name":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138684230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blad135
Akira Yamawo, Hiromi Mukai
The waxy layer on leaf surfaces may restrict the range of arthropod species that can grip the leaf, thus affecting biological interactions. Here, we report that the wax on the leaf surface of Phragmites australis leaves provides enemy-free space for the aphid Hyalopterus pruni. In our experiment, aphids had higher survival rates on Ph. australis leaves than on Prunus mume leaves in the presence of ladybirds. In addition, removal of wax from the surface of Ph. australis leaves enabled ladybugs to grip the surface of Ph. australis leaves and decreased the survival rate of aphids. These results indicate that the leaf wax of Ph. australis provides enemy-free space for H. pruni by inhibiting ladybird adhesion.
{"title":"Wax on the surface of Phragmites australis leaves provides enemy-free space for the aphid Hyalopterus pruni","authors":"Akira Yamawo, Hiromi Mukai","doi":"10.1093/biolinnean/blad135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blad135","url":null,"abstract":"The waxy layer on leaf surfaces may restrict the range of arthropod species that can grip the leaf, thus affecting biological interactions. Here, we report that the wax on the leaf surface of Phragmites australis leaves provides enemy-free space for the aphid Hyalopterus pruni. In our experiment, aphids had higher survival rates on Ph. australis leaves than on Prunus mume leaves in the presence of ladybirds. In addition, removal of wax from the surface of Ph. australis leaves enabled ladybugs to grip the surface of Ph. australis leaves and decreased the survival rate of aphids. These results indicate that the leaf wax of Ph. australis provides enemy-free space for H. pruni by inhibiting ladybird adhesion.","PeriodicalId":55373,"journal":{"name":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138542282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blad162
Joseph M Styga, Isobel G Brown, Margaret V McMullen
Survival in complex environments is dependent on whole-animal performance, a target of natural and sexual selection. Variation in whole-animal performance among mature individuals can become broadened by phenotypic plasticity driven by early life experiences. Thus, detailing the environmental factors that contribute to phenotypic plasticity, and the associated phenotypic responses governed by those environmental factors, is essential if we are to understand the evolution of whole-animal performance. Here, using isogenic lines established from the hermaphroditic mangrove rivulus fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus) housed in a ‘common garden’, we investigate the link between variation in adult terrestrial jumping performance and early life experience (i.e. egg density). First, we hypothesize that individuals from different isogenic lineages should vary in jumping performance independent of egg density, suggesting a strict genetic source of variation. Second, we hypothesize that phenotypic plasticity should also introduce variation in adult jumping performance. Specifically, we expect that hatchlings incubated at higher egg densities in early development should adopt better jumping performances as adults, because higher egg density might be a cue for greater intraspecific competition upon hatching.
{"title":"Possible ‘silver-spoon’ effect on adult terrestrial jumping in the mangrove rivulus fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus) (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)","authors":"Joseph M Styga, Isobel G Brown, Margaret V McMullen","doi":"10.1093/biolinnean/blad162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blad162","url":null,"abstract":"Survival in complex environments is dependent on whole-animal performance, a target of natural and sexual selection. Variation in whole-animal performance among mature individuals can become broadened by phenotypic plasticity driven by early life experiences. Thus, detailing the environmental factors that contribute to phenotypic plasticity, and the associated phenotypic responses governed by those environmental factors, is essential if we are to understand the evolution of whole-animal performance. Here, using isogenic lines established from the hermaphroditic mangrove rivulus fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus) housed in a ‘common garden’, we investigate the link between variation in adult terrestrial jumping performance and early life experience (i.e. egg density). First, we hypothesize that individuals from different isogenic lineages should vary in jumping performance independent of egg density, suggesting a strict genetic source of variation. Second, we hypothesize that phenotypic plasticity should also introduce variation in adult jumping performance. Specifically, we expect that hatchlings incubated at higher egg densities in early development should adopt better jumping performances as adults, because higher egg density might be a cue for greater intraspecific competition upon hatching.","PeriodicalId":55373,"journal":{"name":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-25DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blad156
Janie Wulff
How can phenotypic plasticity promote or impede adaptive change and diversification? Answering this key question can be experimentally intractable, but closely related clonal species allow a direct approach: experimentally provoking phenotypic plasticity to assess the adaptive significance of both plastic traits and species differences. Two common Caribbean sponge species, Aplysina fulva and A. cauliformis, are nearly indistinguishable molecularly, and share growth form, habitat, and geographical range. This raises questions about species boundaries, within-species variability, and mechanisms of speciation. To distinguish phenotypic plasticity from genetic variation, and learn how plasticity might influence adaptive—and divergent—evolution, I: (i) quantified morphological and ecological characters, (ii) revealed phenotypic plasticity by growing clonemates in different environments, and (iii) related plastic morphological features to ecological function. Characters included skeletal fibre density, biomechanical properties, vulnerability to parasites and predators, wound healing, transport pathways, propagation by fragments, population dynamics, and growth and survival in settings differing in food, sunlight, predators, and water motion. Transplanting both species to a different environment elicited parallel plasticity in the same traits. Combined comparative and experimental data reveal integrated suites of ecologically relevant characters that clearly distinguish these species and allow interpretation of adaptive significance of plastic characters that may underlie divergence.
{"title":"Parallel phenotypic plasticity and divergent ecological strategies in morphologically and molecularly similar sympatric sponge species","authors":"Janie Wulff","doi":"10.1093/biolinnean/blad156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blad156","url":null,"abstract":"How can phenotypic plasticity promote or impede adaptive change and diversification? Answering this key question can be experimentally intractable, but closely related clonal species allow a direct approach: experimentally provoking phenotypic plasticity to assess the adaptive significance of both plastic traits and species differences. Two common Caribbean sponge species, Aplysina fulva and A. cauliformis, are nearly indistinguishable molecularly, and share growth form, habitat, and geographical range. This raises questions about species boundaries, within-species variability, and mechanisms of speciation. To distinguish phenotypic plasticity from genetic variation, and learn how plasticity might influence adaptive—and divergent—evolution, I: (i) quantified morphological and ecological characters, (ii) revealed phenotypic plasticity by growing clonemates in different environments, and (iii) related plastic morphological features to ecological function. Characters included skeletal fibre density, biomechanical properties, vulnerability to parasites and predators, wound healing, transport pathways, propagation by fragments, population dynamics, and growth and survival in settings differing in food, sunlight, predators, and water motion. Transplanting both species to a different environment elicited parallel plasticity in the same traits. Combined comparative and experimental data reveal integrated suites of ecologically relevant characters that clearly distinguish these species and allow interpretation of adaptive significance of plastic characters that may underlie divergence.","PeriodicalId":55373,"journal":{"name":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blad161
Tomoya Suzuki, Naoki Hiraishi, Shin-ya Ohba
The Japanese Archipelago consists of four major islands and numerous small islands. The Goto Islands are located near Kyushu, a major island in the Japanese Archipelago. We have previously reported that the population of the Japanese Genji firefly, Nipponoluciola cruciata, inhabiting the Goto Islands displays a unique flashing pattern that is used for pre-mating communication between males and females, indicating the possibility of genetic isolation of the Goto Islands population from neighbouring N. cruciata populations. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the gene flow between the Goto Islands N. cruciata population and its neighbouring island populations by molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial DNA regions of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II and ND5, also coupled to genome-wide analysis of nuclear DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms. Our results suggested that the Goto Islands N. cruciata population is genetically isolated from other populations of this species. Nuclear DNA-based population analyses indicated gene flow between the populations inhabiting the Kyushu and Iki Islands, situated at a distance approximately equal to that between the Goto and Kyushu Islands. Therefore, the genetic isolation of the Goto Islands N. cruciata population is largely affected by flashing pattern behaviour, underlining an ongoing speciation process.
{"title":"Fine-scale phylogeography of the Japanese Genji firefly","authors":"Tomoya Suzuki, Naoki Hiraishi, Shin-ya Ohba","doi":"10.1093/biolinnean/blad161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blad161","url":null,"abstract":"The Japanese Archipelago consists of four major islands and numerous small islands. The Goto Islands are located near Kyushu, a major island in the Japanese Archipelago. We have previously reported that the population of the Japanese Genji firefly, Nipponoluciola cruciata, inhabiting the Goto Islands displays a unique flashing pattern that is used for pre-mating communication between males and females, indicating the possibility of genetic isolation of the Goto Islands population from neighbouring N. cruciata populations. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the gene flow between the Goto Islands N. cruciata population and its neighbouring island populations by molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial DNA regions of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II and ND5, also coupled to genome-wide analysis of nuclear DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms. Our results suggested that the Goto Islands N. cruciata population is genetically isolated from other populations of this species. Nuclear DNA-based population analyses indicated gene flow between the populations inhabiting the Kyushu and Iki Islands, situated at a distance approximately equal to that between the Goto and Kyushu Islands. Therefore, the genetic isolation of the Goto Islands N. cruciata population is largely affected by flashing pattern behaviour, underlining an ongoing speciation process.","PeriodicalId":55373,"journal":{"name":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flowers of Salvia are characterized by a diversity of staminal lever types mediating pollen transfer. In the East Asian subgenus Glutinaria, species have been categorized based on their distinct flower and stamen morphologies. A hypothesized advantage of degraded-lever types suggests they may optimize pollinator foraging time, increase visitation rates, and potentially trigger autonomous self-pollination. However, this hypothesis remains untested. Here, Salvia castanea, S. miltiorrhiza, and S. liguliloba were selected as test species representing the three major flower and stamen types of the East Asian sages. We compared the species with regard to their inflorescence architecture, floral display, nectar reward, pollinator efficiency, and seed set. We found that S. liguliloba had a degraded-lever type that significantly reduced pollinator foraging time did not significantly increase pollination efficiency. These species have a mixed mating pattern with high seed set, no pollen- or pollinator limitation, and no inbreeding depression. We conclude that the diversity of floral traits is addressed to pollinators, whereas reproductive success emerges from a complex interplay of factors encompassing floral characteristics, pollination efficiency, plant life history, or/and other biotic and abiotic factors. For this reason, the link between floral morphological traits and mating systems should not overestimated.
{"title":"Mixed mating patterns in morphologically diverse bumblebee-pollinated Salvia species from China","authors":"Han-Wen Xiao, Yan-Bo Huang, Qing-Shan Liu, Regine Claßen-Bockhoff, Ru-Nan Tian, Yu-Kun Wei","doi":"10.1093/biolinnean/blad164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blad164","url":null,"abstract":"Flowers of Salvia are characterized by a diversity of staminal lever types mediating pollen transfer. In the East Asian subgenus Glutinaria, species have been categorized based on their distinct flower and stamen morphologies. A hypothesized advantage of degraded-lever types suggests they may optimize pollinator foraging time, increase visitation rates, and potentially trigger autonomous self-pollination. However, this hypothesis remains untested. Here, Salvia castanea, S. miltiorrhiza, and S. liguliloba were selected as test species representing the three major flower and stamen types of the East Asian sages. We compared the species with regard to their inflorescence architecture, floral display, nectar reward, pollinator efficiency, and seed set. We found that S. liguliloba had a degraded-lever type that significantly reduced pollinator foraging time did not significantly increase pollination efficiency. These species have a mixed mating pattern with high seed set, no pollen- or pollinator limitation, and no inbreeding depression. We conclude that the diversity of floral traits is addressed to pollinators, whereas reproductive success emerges from a complex interplay of factors encompassing floral characteristics, pollination efficiency, plant life history, or/and other biotic and abiotic factors. For this reason, the link between floral morphological traits and mating systems should not overestimated.","PeriodicalId":55373,"journal":{"name":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blad148
Sudeshna Chakraborthy, Maitreya Sil, Abhisikta Roy, H N Poorna Bhat, Anwesha Saha, Surya Narayanan, Chinta Sidharthan, N A Aravind
Genetic diversity within a species can be shaped by abiotic factors, such as climate and geography. We aimed to ascertain the relative importance of these two abiotic factors to Indrella ampulla, a monotypic snail species from the Western Ghats, India, that has three colour morphs with some overlapping distributions. We also wanted to investigate whether these colour morphs represent divergent lineages or incipient species. We sequenced one nuclear and two mitochondrial genes from 32 individuals of I. ampulla. We used phylogenetic, population genetic, and niche modelling tools to address these questions. The results suggested that the colour morphs were not reciprocally monophyletic and exhibited considerable niche overlap, suggesting that they cannot be considered as incipient species. Furthermore, the results showed that the impact of palaeoclimatic oscillations in shaping the genetic diversity of this species cannot be determined conclusively. The Palghat Gap seems to have shaped the genetic diversity in this group to a certain degree. The colour morph distributed south of the Palghat Gap did not show admixture and exhibited the least amount of niche overlap with the other morphs. The geography of the landscape seems to have played a prominent role in shaping genetic diversity in this species.
{"title":"Phylogeographical patterns are governed by geography in endemic polymorphic snail Indrella ampulla (Gastropoda: Ariophantidae)","authors":"Sudeshna Chakraborthy, Maitreya Sil, Abhisikta Roy, H N Poorna Bhat, Anwesha Saha, Surya Narayanan, Chinta Sidharthan, N A Aravind","doi":"10.1093/biolinnean/blad148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blad148","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic diversity within a species can be shaped by abiotic factors, such as climate and geography. We aimed to ascertain the relative importance of these two abiotic factors to Indrella ampulla, a monotypic snail species from the Western Ghats, India, that has three colour morphs with some overlapping distributions. We also wanted to investigate whether these colour morphs represent divergent lineages or incipient species. We sequenced one nuclear and two mitochondrial genes from 32 individuals of I. ampulla. We used phylogenetic, population genetic, and niche modelling tools to address these questions. The results suggested that the colour morphs were not reciprocally monophyletic and exhibited considerable niche overlap, suggesting that they cannot be considered as incipient species. Furthermore, the results showed that the impact of palaeoclimatic oscillations in shaping the genetic diversity of this species cannot be determined conclusively. The Palghat Gap seems to have shaped the genetic diversity in this group to a certain degree. The colour morph distributed south of the Palghat Gap did not show admixture and exhibited the least amount of niche overlap with the other morphs. The geography of the landscape seems to have played a prominent role in shaping genetic diversity in this species.","PeriodicalId":55373,"journal":{"name":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-18DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blad119
Erik S Johnson, Michael Tobler, Jerald B Johnson
Livebearing fishes (Poeciliidae) have been used as models to test several aspects of life history theory. Previous work in these fishes showed that traits such as age and size at maturity, reproductive allocation, and number and size of offspring can each be shaped by natural selection. Life history traits can also be influenced by the environment, and in some cases, such phenotypic plasticity can also be adaptive. Resource availability in the environment can affect life history trait expression with increased resources expected to result in increased investment in reproduction. Here, we test this hypothesis in the Costa Rican livebearing fish Priapichthys annectens by quantifying life history traits and comparing trait values between populations collected during the dry season versus the wet season, periods when resource availability varies. We found that life history traits related to reproductive investment, but not the timing of reproductive events, differed between seasons. During the wet season, female body condition increased, and females invested less in reproduction, having fewer but larger offspring. Irrespective of the season, larger females gave birth to larger offspring. Finally, we found that this species utilizes a lecithotrophic strategy of provisioning eggs with nutrients being deposited in the ova prior to fertilization, and that females only carry one developing brood at a time (no superfetation). This is the first study documenting the life history of P. annectens, and it adds to a growing body of work suggesting that seasonal environmental differences can induce changes in the expression of some—but not all—life history traits.
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