Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.5200/BALTICA.2019.1.9
G. Skridlaitė, L. Siliauskas, S. Prušinskienė, B. Bagiński
The large Varena Iron Ore deposit of southeast Lithuania lies beneath 200–400 m thick sedimentary cover in the East European Craton. Several drilling projects have revealed that it contains ca. 70–200 million tons of iron ore. A metasomatic origin has been proposed by several investigators, with an igneous (mafic, ultramafic carbonatitic) origin also considered. Detailed micropetrography on a variety of ore-bearing and skarnitised samples through backscattered electron imaging, along with mineral chemical analysis and monazite dating by electron microprobe, provide support for a metasomatic origin. High-grade temperature (ca. 700–750° C) skarns containing forsterite, enstatite, spinel and diopside were formed preferentially in carbonate-rich rocks and were subsequently overprinted by amphibole-bearing (tremolite, actinolite, anthophyllite and hornblende) skarns. A low-temperature hydrous influx and changing redox conditions not only caused the serpentinization of the earlier skarns, but also deposited a considerable amount of iron ore in the form of magnetite. Iron was derived from various sources and was accompanied by sulphide, apatite, REE and other mineralizations. The ca. 1.78 Ga monazite grew during the regional metamorphism, while ca. 1.54 Ga is attributed to the last mineralization phases.
{"title":"Petrography and mineral chemistry of the Varena Iron Ore deposit, southeastern Lithuania: implications for the evolution of carbonate and silicate rocks and ore mineralization","authors":"G. Skridlaitė, L. Siliauskas, S. Prušinskienė, B. Bagiński","doi":"10.5200/BALTICA.2019.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5200/BALTICA.2019.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"The large Varena Iron Ore deposit of southeast Lithuania lies beneath 200–400 m thick sedimentary cover in the East European Craton. Several drilling projects have revealed that it contains ca. 70–200 million tons of iron ore. A metasomatic origin has been proposed by several investigators, with an igneous (mafic, ultramafic carbonatitic) origin also considered. Detailed micropetrography on a variety of ore-bearing and skarnitised samples through backscattered electron imaging, along with mineral chemical analysis and monazite dating by electron microprobe, provide support for a metasomatic origin. High-grade temperature (ca. 700–750° C) skarns containing forsterite, enstatite, spinel and diopside were formed preferentially in carbonate-rich rocks and were subsequently overprinted by amphibole-bearing (tremolite, actinolite, anthophyllite and hornblende) skarns. A low-temperature hydrous influx and changing redox conditions not only caused the serpentinization of the earlier skarns, but also deposited a considerable amount of iron ore in the form of magnetite. Iron was derived from various sources and was accompanied by sulphide, apatite, REE and other mineralizations. The ca. 1.78 Ga monazite grew during the regional metamorphism, while ca. 1.54 Ga is attributed to the last mineralization phases.","PeriodicalId":55401,"journal":{"name":"Baltica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48697109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.5200/baltica.2019.1.1
A. Grigelis
An article is devoted to the passion of ‘Baltica’ Edition – from the Yearbook – established in 1961, published first in 1963, and renewed in 1993 – to the present International Journal on Geosciences of the Baltic Sea and the circum-Baltic States, the story that follows 25 years of Academician Algimantas Grigelis editorial work. The article presents some thoughts about a role of regional journal(s) for science and society, it makes a short historical overview, reports an effectiveness of editorial system, notes tireless efforts for a high contents quality as a main tool for its international evaluation and publicity.
{"title":"Pathway of the Baltica, from Yearbook to the International Journal on Geosciences","authors":"A. Grigelis","doi":"10.5200/baltica.2019.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2019.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"An article is devoted to the passion of ‘Baltica’ Edition – from the Yearbook – established in 1961, published first in 1963, and renewed in 1993 – to the present International Journal on Geosciences of the Baltic Sea and the circum-Baltic States, the story that follows 25 years of Academician Algimantas Grigelis editorial work. The article presents some thoughts about a role of regional journal(s) for science and society, it makes a short historical overview, reports an effectiveness of editorial system, notes tireless efforts for a high contents quality as a main tool for its international evaluation and publicity.","PeriodicalId":55401,"journal":{"name":"Baltica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48360899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.5200/baltica.2019.1.6
M. Pisarska‐Jamroży, Szymon Belzyt, A. Bitinas, Asta Jusienė, B. Woronko
An extraordinary variation of plastic and brittle deformation structures with periglacial, glaciotectonic and seismic features was observed within the unconsolidated, upper Pleistocene meandering river succession in the Slinkis outcrop in central Lithuania. Among these deformations, the following structures were described: (1) ice-wedge casts in the lower part of the sedimentary succession, linked to periglacial processes, (2) soft-sediment deformation structures, such as load structures (load casts, pseudonodules), flame structures and water/sediment-escape structures, all trapped in clearly defined layers in the upper part of the sedimentary succession, which are related to the propagation of seismic waves, and (3) faults occurring throughout the sedimentary succession, which are associated with glaciotectonic processes. To our knowledge, this is the first description and analysis of the combined presence of such a diverse range of deformation features caused by three trigger mechanisms in a meandering fluvial sedimentary succession.
{"title":"Seismic shocks, periglacial conditions and glaciotectonics as causes of the deformation of a Pleistocene meandering river succession in central Lithuania","authors":"M. Pisarska‐Jamroży, Szymon Belzyt, A. Bitinas, Asta Jusienė, B. Woronko","doi":"10.5200/baltica.2019.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2019.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"An extraordinary variation of plastic and brittle deformation structures with periglacial, glaciotectonic and seismic features was observed within the unconsolidated, upper Pleistocene meandering river succession in the Slinkis outcrop in central Lithuania. Among these deformations, the following structures were described: (1) ice-wedge casts in the lower part of the sedimentary succession, linked to periglacial processes, (2) soft-sediment deformation structures, such as load structures (load casts, pseudonodules), flame structures and water/sediment-escape structures, all trapped in clearly defined layers in the upper part of the sedimentary succession, which are related to the propagation of seismic waves, and (3) faults occurring throughout the sedimentary succession, which are associated with glaciotectonic processes. To our knowledge, this is the first description and analysis of the combined presence of such a diverse range of deformation features caused by three trigger mechanisms in a meandering fluvial sedimentary succession.","PeriodicalId":55401,"journal":{"name":"Baltica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47082937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.5200/baltica.2019.1.3
R. Stakėnienė, K. Jokšas, R. Zinkutė, E. Raudonytė-Svirbutavičienė
The continuous research on anthropogenized coastal zones determined qualitative and quantitative characteristics of aliphatic hydrocarbons in the Curonian Lagoon and the Nemunas River Delta. The concentration of aliphatic hydrocarbons varied from 9.1 to 187.6 μg g−1 d.w. The Curonian Lagoon could be classified as a slightly contaminated water basin with some moderately polluted areas, while both rivers and Lake Krokų Lanka were found to be slightly contaminated with aliphatic hydrocarbons. The prevailing unresolved complex mixture and geochemical markers suggested the existence of mixed biogenic-anthropogenic aliphatic hydrocarbon sources in the area studied. The biogenic impact was found to be more pronounced in Lake Krokų Lanka, the south-eastern part of the Curonian Lagoon and in the River Minija, while the Nemunas River Avandelta demonstrated the highest loading of anthropogenic hydrocarbons. The same trends were confirmed by the principal component analysis.
{"title":"Oil pollution and geochemical hydrocarbon origin markers in sediments of the Curonian Lagoon and the Nemunas River Delta","authors":"R. Stakėnienė, K. Jokšas, R. Zinkutė, E. Raudonytė-Svirbutavičienė","doi":"10.5200/baltica.2019.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2019.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous research on anthropogenized coastal zones determined qualitative and quantitative characteristics of aliphatic hydrocarbons in the Curonian Lagoon and the Nemunas River Delta. The concentration of aliphatic hydrocarbons varied from 9.1 to 187.6 μg g−1 d.w. The Curonian Lagoon could be classified as a slightly contaminated water basin with some moderately polluted areas, while both rivers and Lake Krokų Lanka were found to be slightly contaminated with aliphatic hydrocarbons. The prevailing unresolved complex mixture and geochemical markers suggested the existence of mixed biogenic-anthropogenic aliphatic hydrocarbon sources in the area studied. The biogenic impact was found to be more pronounced in Lake Krokų Lanka, the south-eastern part of the Curonian Lagoon and in the River Minija, while the Nemunas River Avandelta demonstrated the highest loading of anthropogenic hydrocarbons. The same trends were confirmed by the principal component analysis.","PeriodicalId":55401,"journal":{"name":"Baltica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46418126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-15DOI: 10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.13
L. Pogosyan, S. Sedov, T. Pi-Puig, P. Ryazantsev, A. Rodionov, A. Yudina, P. Krasilnikov
Fragipan is a compacted but non-cemented subsurface horizon, considered as a pedogenic horizon, but the mechanism of its formation is not well understood. The main hydro-consolidation hypothesis involves a collapse of soil structure when it is loaded and wet, resulting a reorganisation of pore space. Soils with fragipan never have been marked in Russian soil maps. In the South Karelia, located in Eastern Fennoscandia (34.50921 E and 61.33186 N, 110 m asl) we studied a soil profile of Albic Fragic Retisol (Cutanic), developed in the glacial till of Last Glaciation with flat subhorizontal topography under an aspen-spruce forest. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how the fragic horizon was formed in the Retisol located in South Karelia. Observations were made in each soil horizon using micromorphological method, particle size analysis and the study of mineralogical composition of clay fraction by X-ray diffraction. The analysis of the morphological description combined with the laboratory data have led us to the conclusion that the consolidation of the fragipan occurred after the textural differentiation of the profile, following the Atlantic Optimum, and does not depend on the presence of swelling clay minerals. The well-developed argic horizon was probably formed around 6000 years ago, under climatic conditions more favourable for clay illuviation than in present time. Fragipan is supposed to be developed during the Sub-Boreal cooling.
Fragipan是一个压实但未胶结的地下层位，被认为是成土层位，但其形成机制尚不清楚。主要的水力固结假设涉及土壤结构在荷载和潮湿时的坍塌，从而导致孔隙空间的重组。俄罗斯土壤地图上从未标记过脆弱的土壤。在位于芬诺斯坎迪亚东部（34.50921 E和61.33186 N，110 m asl）的南卡累利阿，我们研究了白质脆性Retisol（Cutanic）的土壤剖面，该剖面发育于末次冰川期的冰川期，在白杨云杉林下具有平坦的亚水平地形。本研究的目的是证明位于南卡累利阿的雷蒂索尔是如何形成脆弱层位的。使用微观形态方法、粒度分析和X射线衍射研究粘土组分的矿物学组成，在每个土层中进行了观测。形态描述与实验室数据相结合的分析使我们得出结论，fragipan的固结发生在剖面的结构分化之后，遵循Atlantic Optimum，并不取决于膨胀粘土矿物的存在。发育良好的泥质层可能形成于6000年前左右，当时的气候条件比现在更利于粘土沉积。Fragipan被认为是在次北方冷却期间形成的。
{"title":"Pedogenesis of a Retisol with fragipan in Karelia in the context of the Holocene landscape\u0000evolution","authors":"L. Pogosyan, S. Sedov, T. Pi-Puig, P. Ryazantsev, A. Rodionov, A. Yudina, P. Krasilnikov","doi":"10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.13","url":null,"abstract":"Fragipan is a compacted but non-cemented subsurface horizon, considered as a pedogenic horizon, but the\u0000mechanism of its formation is not well understood. The main hydro-consolidation hypothesis involves a collapse of soil\u0000structure when it is loaded and wet, resulting a reorganisation of pore space. Soils with fragipan never have been marked\u0000in Russian soil maps. In the South Karelia, located in Eastern Fennoscandia (34.50921 E and 61.33186 N, 110 m asl)\u0000we studied a soil profile of Albic Fragic Retisol (Cutanic), developed in the glacial till of Last Glaciation with flat subhorizontal\u0000topography under an aspen-spruce forest. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how the fragic horizon was\u0000formed in the Retisol located in South Karelia. Observations were made in each soil horizon using micromorphological\u0000method, particle size analysis and the study of mineralogical composition of clay fraction by X-ray diffraction. The analysis\u0000of the morphological description combined with the laboratory data have led us to the conclusion that the consolidation\u0000of the fragipan occurred after the textural differentiation of the profile, following the Atlantic Optimum, and does not\u0000depend on the presence of swelling clay minerals. The well-developed argic horizon was probably formed around 6000\u0000years ago, under climatic conditions more favourable for clay illuviation than in present time. Fragipan is supposed to be\u0000developed during the Sub-Boreal cooling.","PeriodicalId":55401,"journal":{"name":"Baltica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43294738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-15DOI: 10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.14
Audrius Indriulionis, Žygimantas Palaitis, P. Šinkūnas, R. Mokrik
The vertical borehole heat exchangers were surrounded by the heterogeneous multilayered geological environment and groundwater flow that affected the performance of borehole plants. In this paper, the field investigation of vertical borehole ground heat exchangers in capital city Vilnius (Visoriai), Lithuania is presented. The numerical heat transfer model considering seven different geological strata was developed using the cylindrical heat sink model for vertical borehole inside by solving the soil mass and heat transfer equations with groundwater flow. The numerical multilayered ground vertical borehole heat transfer model was calculated and validated by in-situ thermal response test data. The numerical model results were also compared with the homogeneous finite difference model expressed by the temperature response functions (well known as “g-functions”). The practical realization of g-functions was designed in the Earth Energy Designer as a practical tool for geoengineers designing the vertical borehole plants. The temperature profiles at borehole wall at different heating times were presented and explored together with relative errors. The numerical model will be used as a practical tool for the Lithuanian Geological Survey under the Ministry of Environment to estimate the underground conditions for the consumption of shallow geothermal energy.
{"title":"Numerical modelling of vertical borehole heat exchangers performance under Lithuanian\u0000Quaternary conditions","authors":"Audrius Indriulionis, Žygimantas Palaitis, P. Šinkūnas, R. Mokrik","doi":"10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.14","url":null,"abstract":"The vertical borehole heat exchangers were surrounded by the heterogeneous multilayered geological environment\u0000and groundwater flow that affected the performance of borehole plants. In this paper, the field investigation of vertical\u0000borehole ground heat exchangers in capital city Vilnius (Visoriai), Lithuania is presented. The numerical heat transfer\u0000model considering seven different geological strata was developed using the cylindrical heat sink model for vertical\u0000borehole inside by solving the soil mass and heat transfer equations with groundwater flow. The numerical multilayered\u0000ground vertical borehole heat transfer model was calculated and validated by in-situ thermal response test data. The numerical\u0000model results were also compared with the homogeneous finite difference model expressed by the temperature\u0000response functions (well known as “g-functions”). The practical realization of g-functions was designed in the Earth\u0000Energy Designer as a practical tool for geoengineers designing the vertical borehole plants. The temperature profiles at\u0000borehole wall at different heating times were presented and explored together with relative errors. The numerical model\u0000will be used as a practical tool for the Lithuanian Geological Survey under the Ministry of Environment to estimate the\u0000underground conditions for the consumption of shallow geothermal energy.","PeriodicalId":55401,"journal":{"name":"Baltica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47182453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-15DOI: 10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.09
Gintaras Valiuškevičius, E. Stonevičius, G. Stankunavicius, Janina Brastovickytė-Stankevič
The river delta regions are usually most vulnerable to flooding due to small changes in terrain elevation and river – sea interaction. The trends of increased frequency of flooding and an increased duration of the high water events are evident in many regions. In this study, we analyse the most extreme (severe) flood events in the Nemunas Delta region of Lithuania. The study focuses on the causes of floods and their changes over 1926–2016. Analysing specific case studies and comparing them with related studies of other researchers, we present an original interpretation of the variability of flood parameters. The aim of the study is to demonstrate that the analysis of flood events must be based on the identification of the drivers of individual floods. This is especially true for the lower reaches and the delta regions of rivers situated within the North European Plain. Historically, an intense melting of snow appeared to be the main cause of severe flooding in this region. The results of this study, however, show that the situation has rapidly changed over the last 30 years and large areas can be flooded even if the snow water equivalent over the whole basin is relatively low.
{"title":"Severe floods in Nemunas River Delta","authors":"Gintaras Valiuškevičius, E. Stonevičius, G. Stankunavicius, Janina Brastovickytė-Stankevič","doi":"10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.09","url":null,"abstract":"The river delta regions are usually most vulnerable to flooding due to small changes in terrain elevation and\u0000river – sea interaction. The trends of increased frequency of flooding and an increased duration of the high water events\u0000are evident in many regions. In this study, we analyse the most extreme (severe) flood events in the Nemunas Delta region\u0000of Lithuania. The study focuses on the causes of floods and their changes over 1926–2016. Analysing specific case studies\u0000and comparing them with related studies of other researchers, we present an original interpretation of the variability of\u0000flood parameters. The aim of the study is to demonstrate that the analysis of flood events must be based on the identification\u0000of the drivers of individual floods. This is especially true for the lower reaches and the delta regions of rivers situated\u0000within the North European Plain. Historically, an intense melting of snow appeared to be the main cause of severe flooding\u0000in this region. The results of this study, however, show that the situation has rapidly changed over the last 30 years and\u0000large areas can be flooded even if the snow water equivalent over the whole basin is relatively low.","PeriodicalId":55401,"journal":{"name":"Baltica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47128320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-15DOI: 10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.15
R. Cieśliński, A. Olszewska, Ł. Pietruszyński, M. Budzisz, Katarzyna Jereczek-Korzeniewska, Agata Ossowska
The main goal of work was to quantify the nitrogen and phosphorus loads transported by small streams to the Gulf of Gdańsk. The research aims to determine wastewater release volumes over time, instead of focusing only on spatial distributions. Another aim is to identify the main determinants potentially affecting water quality in rivers flowing across the city of Sopot. The study area consists of six small river catchments located in the city of Sopot, each with an open flow channel, which lies along the bay. Studies were conducted 12 times per year in the period from March 2014 to February 2015. Laboratory analyses were performed to determine the concentration of both total nitrogen and total phosphorus. In order to calculate pollutant loads, discharge was also measured in each of studied rivers. Conducted research has shown that all analyzed streams were characterized by low total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations. The mean annual values ranged from 0.60 to 1.28 mg·dm-3 in case of total nitrogen and from 0.066 to 0.100 mg·dm-3 in case of total phosphorus. In 2012, the total nitrogen load from Poland to the Baltic Sea was 210.768.000 kg N while the total phosphorus load was 15.269.000 kg P, which means that streams analyzed in this paper supplied barely 0.002 % of the biogenic load supplied to the Baltic Sea by Poland as a whole.
这项工作的主要目标是量化小河流输送到格但斯克湾的氮和磷负荷。该研究旨在确定废水随时间的排放量，而不是只关注空间分布。另一个目的是确定可能影响流经索波特市的河流水质的主要决定因素。研究区域由位于索波特市的六个小型河流集水区组成，每个集水区都有一个沿海湾的开放式流道。在2014年3月至2015年2月期间，每年进行12次研究。进行实验室分析以确定总氮和总磷的浓度。为了计算污染物负荷，还测量了每条研究河流的排放量。所进行的研究表明，所有分析的溪流都具有低总氮和总磷浓度的特点。年平均值在全氮情况下为0.60至1.28 mg·dm-3，在总磷情况下为0.066至0.100 mg·dm3。2012年，从波兰到波罗的海的总氮负荷为210.768.000 kg N，而总磷负荷为15.269.000 kg P，这意味着本文分析的溪流仅提供了波兰整体供应给波罗的海生物负荷的0.002%。
{"title":"The supply of total nitrogen and total phosphorus from small urban catchments\u0000into the Gulf of Gdańsk","authors":"R. Cieśliński, A. Olszewska, Ł. Pietruszyński, M. Budzisz, Katarzyna Jereczek-Korzeniewska, Agata Ossowska","doi":"10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.15","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of work was to quantify the nitrogen and phosphorus loads transported by small streams to the\u0000Gulf of Gdańsk. The research aims to determine wastewater release volumes over time, instead of focusing only on spatial\u0000distributions. Another aim is to identify the main determinants potentially affecting water quality in rivers flowing across\u0000the city of Sopot. The study area consists of six small river catchments located in the city of Sopot, each with an open flow\u0000channel, which lies along the bay. Studies were conducted 12 times per year in the period from March 2014 to February\u00002015. Laboratory analyses were performed to determine the concentration of both total nitrogen and total phosphorus. In\u0000order to calculate pollutant loads, discharge was also measured in each of studied rivers. Conducted research has shown\u0000that all analyzed streams were characterized by low total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations. The mean annual\u0000values ranged from 0.60 to 1.28 mg·dm-3 in case of total nitrogen and from 0.066 to 0.100 mg·dm-3 in case of total phosphorus.\u0000In 2012, the total nitrogen load from Poland to the Baltic Sea was 210.768.000 kg N while the total phosphorus\u0000load was 15.269.000 kg P, which means that streams analyzed in this paper supplied barely 0.002 % of the biogenic load\u0000supplied to the Baltic Sea by Poland as a whole.","PeriodicalId":55401,"journal":{"name":"Baltica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42237357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-15DOI: 10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.12
Margit Suuroja, V. Petersell, T. Meidla
A common problem in biogeochemical mapping and contamination studies is that the same plant species are not available everywhere. Filipendula ulmaria is a widely used indicator plant but it does not grow in dry and high altitude areas. We used different plant species (F. ulmaria, Carex species and Urtica dioica) and analysed the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Zn and P in the material from 19 sampling points in eastern Estonia. The geometric mean concentrations of Pb, Cd and Zn were similar in F. ulmaria and Carex, as were the dominating ranges of Cu, Mn and Zn. The geometric mean concentrations typically differ between F. ulmaria and U. dioica. Simultaneous use of multiple indicator plants could generally not be recommended. Still, in case of urgent need the results could be amalgamated for the elements with more than 50% similarity of dominating ranges in different plants.
{"title":"The comparison of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, Pb, Zn concentrations in ash of the roots of some\u0000herbaceous plant species (Filipendula ulmaria, Carex species, Urtica dioica)","authors":"Margit Suuroja, V. Petersell, T. Meidla","doi":"10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.12","url":null,"abstract":"A common problem in biogeochemical mapping and contamination studies is that the same plant species are not\u0000available everywhere. Filipendula ulmaria is a widely used indicator plant but it does not grow in dry and high altitude\u0000areas. We used different plant species (F. ulmaria, Carex species and Urtica dioica) and analysed the concentrations of\u0000Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Zn and P in the material from 19 sampling points in eastern Estonia. The geometric mean concentrations\u0000of Pb, Cd and Zn were similar in F. ulmaria and Carex, as were the dominating ranges of Cu, Mn and Zn. The\u0000geometric mean concentrations typically differ between F. ulmaria and U. dioica.\u0000Simultaneous use of multiple indicator plants could generally not be recommended. Still, in case of urgent need the results\u0000could be amalgamated for the elements with more than 50% similarity of dominating ranges in different plants.","PeriodicalId":55401,"journal":{"name":"Baltica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42576512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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