Pub Date : 2019-01-15DOI: 10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.12
Margit Suuroja, V. Petersell, T. Meidla
A common problem in biogeochemical mapping and contamination studies is that the same plant species are not available everywhere. Filipendula ulmaria is a widely used indicator plant but it does not grow in dry and high altitude areas. We used different plant species (F. ulmaria, Carex species and Urtica dioica) and analysed the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Zn and P in the material from 19 sampling points in eastern Estonia. The geometric mean concentrations of Pb, Cd and Zn were similar in F. ulmaria and Carex, as were the dominating ranges of Cu, Mn and Zn. The geometric mean concentrations typically differ between F. ulmaria and U. dioica. Simultaneous use of multiple indicator plants could generally not be recommended. Still, in case of urgent need the results could be amalgamated for the elements with more than 50% similarity of dominating ranges in different plants.
{"title":"The comparison of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, Pb, Zn concentrations in ash of the roots of some\u0000herbaceous plant species (Filipendula ulmaria, Carex species, Urtica dioica)","authors":"Margit Suuroja, V. Petersell, T. Meidla","doi":"10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.12","url":null,"abstract":"A common problem in biogeochemical mapping and contamination studies is that the same plant species are not\u0000available everywhere. Filipendula ulmaria is a widely used indicator plant but it does not grow in dry and high altitude\u0000areas. We used different plant species (F. ulmaria, Carex species and Urtica dioica) and analysed the concentrations of\u0000Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Zn and P in the material from 19 sampling points in eastern Estonia. The geometric mean concentrations\u0000of Pb, Cd and Zn were similar in F. ulmaria and Carex, as were the dominating ranges of Cu, Mn and Zn. The\u0000geometric mean concentrations typically differ between F. ulmaria and U. dioica.\u0000Simultaneous use of multiple indicator plants could generally not be recommended. Still, in case of urgent need the results\u0000could be amalgamated for the elements with more than 50% similarity of dominating ranges in different plants.","PeriodicalId":55401,"journal":{"name":"Baltica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42576512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-15DOI: 10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.16
V. Strakhovenko, D. Subetto, T. Hang, E. Ovdina, I. Danilenko, N. Belkina, M. Potakhin, M. Zobkov, V. Gurbich
An analysis of the mineral-geochemical composition and structure of the Holocene–Pleistocene bottom sediments was performed on Lake Polevskoye, a small lake in the northern Lake Onega area in Russian Karelia, which is considered representative to describe the Late Weichselian Onega Ice Lake sediments. The analysis was accomplished using modern analytical methods, including scanning electron microscopy and ICP-MS, which allowed us to interpret their genesis in a new light. It is assumed that the distribution of rare earth elements (REE) in the bottom sediments of the recent Lake Onega and in the sediments of Onega Ice Lake will improve our understanding of the history of sedimentogenesis. It is apparent in the distribution of REE, their composition and data on the geochemical and mineral composition of the Holocene bottom sediments of Lake Onega and Lake Polevskoye (varved clays) that in their composition of terrigenous matter the material introduced from the north-western part of the catchment area is mainly composed of Archaean and Early Proterozoic crystalline complexes. However, the values of several indicator ratios of elements in the lower part of the of varved clays with shungite interlayers indicate the presence of mixing of clastic material from two sources of different geochemical origin: the north-western part of the catchment area (source of shungite rocks) and the south-eastern part of the catchment area (Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks of the Russian Platform).
{"title":"Mineral and geochemical composition of the Onega Ice Lake sediments","authors":"V. Strakhovenko, D. Subetto, T. Hang, E. Ovdina, I. Danilenko, N. Belkina, M. Potakhin, M. Zobkov, V. Gurbich","doi":"10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.16","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of the mineral-geochemical composition and structure of the Holocene–Pleistocene bottom sediments\u0000was performed on Lake Polevskoye, a small lake in the northern Lake Onega area in Russian Karelia, which is\u0000considered representative to describe the Late Weichselian Onega Ice Lake sediments. The analysis was accomplished\u0000using modern analytical methods, including scanning electron microscopy and ICP-MS, which allowed us to interpret\u0000their genesis in a new light. It is assumed that the distribution of rare earth elements (REE) in the bottom sediments of the\u0000recent Lake Onega and in the sediments of Onega Ice Lake will improve our understanding of the history of sedimentogenesis.\u0000It is apparent in the distribution of REE, their composition and data on the geochemical and mineral composition\u0000of the Holocene bottom sediments of Lake Onega and Lake Polevskoye (varved clays) that in their composition of terrigenous\u0000matter the material introduced from the north-western part of the catchment area is mainly composed of Archaean\u0000and Early Proterozoic crystalline complexes. However, the values of several indicator ratios of elements in the lower part\u0000of the of varved clays with shungite interlayers indicate the presence of mixing of clastic material from two sources of\u0000different geochemical origin: the north-western part of the catchment area (source of shungite rocks) and the south-eastern\u0000part of the catchment area (Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks of the Russian Platform).","PeriodicalId":55401,"journal":{"name":"Baltica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42399025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-15DOI: 10.5200/baltica.2017.30.17
Olegas Pustelnikovas, Marijonas Repečka
{"title":"IN MEMORIAM. Farewell to Dr. Sci. Liudvikas Lukoševičius","authors":"Olegas Pustelnikovas, Marijonas Repečka","doi":"10.5200/baltica.2017.30.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2017.30.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55401,"journal":{"name":"Baltica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46135625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-15DOI: 10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.10
Karol Tylmann, P. Woźniak, V. Rinterknecht
The paper presents a method for the selection of large erratics to be sampled for terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating (TCNED) in areas previously covered by Pleistocene ice sheets. Our approach is based on (1) a GIS analysis of an extensive dataset of erratics, (2) field inspection of pre-selected boulders and (3) Schmidt hammer (SH) testing of erratics selected for sampling. An initial database of 491 erratic boulders in NW Poland was filtered using a GIS software, based on their characteristics, digital elevation and surface geology. The secondary data set of pre-selected erratics consisted of 135 boulders – i.e. proper targets for field inspection. Ground-truthing in the field resulted in the final selection of 63 boulders suitable for sampling for TCNED. These erratics are located on moraine plateaux and hills formed during the Saalian glaciation (Marine Isotope Stage 6) as well as Leszno/Brandenburg, Poznań/Frankfurt and Pomeranian Phase ice marginal belts from the Weichselian glaciation (Marine Isotope Stage 2). The GIS desk-based analysis of erratics properties resulted in a 73% reduction of the initial dataset, which demonstrates the added value of this selection technique. The field inspection of pre-selected boulders resulted in a 53% reduction of the number of boulders suitable for TCNED. SH testing of the sampled erratics provided a quantitative proxy of their surface hardness. This allowed the quantification of their weathering degree and identification of erratics potentially affected by postglacial erosion. Our systematic approach to selecting erratics and their SH testing could be a useful tool for other researchers facing the problem of choosing appropriate erratics for TCNED in areas of continental Pleistocene glaciations.
{"title":"Erratics selection for cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating – an optimization approach","authors":"Karol Tylmann, P. Woźniak, V. Rinterknecht","doi":"10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5200/BALTICA.2018.31.10","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a method for the selection of large erratics to be sampled for terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating (TCNED) in areas previously covered by Pleistocene ice sheets. Our approach is based on (1) a GIS analysis of an extensive dataset of erratics, (2) field inspection of pre-selected boulders and (3) Schmidt hammer (SH) testing of erratics selected for sampling. An initial database of 491 erratic boulders in NW Poland was filtered using a GIS software, based on their characteristics, digital elevation and surface geology. The secondary data set of pre-selected erratics consisted of 135 boulders – i.e. proper targets for field inspection. Ground-truthing in the field resulted in the final selection of 63 boulders suitable for sampling for TCNED. These erratics are located on moraine plateaux and hills formed during the Saalian glaciation (Marine Isotope Stage 6) as well as Leszno/Brandenburg, Poznań/Frankfurt and Pomeranian Phase ice marginal belts from the Weichselian glaciation (Marine Isotope Stage 2). The GIS desk-based analysis of erratics properties resulted in a 73% reduction of the initial dataset, which demonstrates the added value of this selection technique. The field inspection of pre-selected boulders resulted in a 53% reduction of the number of boulders suitable for TCNED. SH testing of the sampled erratics provided a quantitative proxy of their surface hardness. This allowed the quantification of their weathering degree and identification of erratics potentially affected by postglacial erosion. Our systematic approach to selecting erratics and their SH testing could be a useful tool for other researchers facing the problem of choosing appropriate erratics for TCNED in areas of continental Pleistocene glaciations.","PeriodicalId":55401,"journal":{"name":"Baltica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44294558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-15DOI: 10.5200/baltica.2017.30.18
Leonora Živilė Gelumbauskaitė, A. Grigelis, O. Pustelnikovas
{"title":"IN MEMORIAM. Farewell to Dr. Sci. Marijonas Repečka","authors":"Leonora Živilė Gelumbauskaitė, A. Grigelis, O. Pustelnikovas","doi":"10.5200/baltica.2017.30.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2017.30.18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55401,"journal":{"name":"Baltica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45257828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.5200/BALTICA.2017.30.09
V. Rukšėnienė, I. Dailidienė, Loreta Kelpšaitė-Rimkienė, T. Soomere
This study focuses on time scales and spatial variations of interrelations between average weather conditions and sea surface temperature (SST), and long-term changes in the SST in south-eastern Baltic Sea. The analysis relies on SST samples measured in situ four times a year in up to 17 open sea monitoring stations in Lithuanian waters in 1960–2015. A joint application of non-metric multi-dimensional scaling and cluster analysis reveals four distinct SST regimes and associated sub-regions in the study area. The increase in SST has occurred during both winter and summer seasons in 1960–2015 whereas the switch from relatively warm summer to colder autumn temperatures has been shifted by 4–6 weeks over this time in all sub-regions. The annual average air temperature and SST have increased by 0.03°C yr–1 and 0.02°C yr–1, respectively, from 1960 till 2015. These data are compared with air temperatures measured in coastal meteorological stations and averaged over time intervals from 1 to 9 weeks. Statistically significant positive correlation exists between the SST and the average air temperature. This correlation is strongest for the averaging interval of 35 days.
{"title":"Sea surface temperature variations in the south-eastern BalticSea in 1960–2015","authors":"V. Rukšėnienė, I. Dailidienė, Loreta Kelpšaitė-Rimkienė, T. Soomere","doi":"10.5200/BALTICA.2017.30.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5200/BALTICA.2017.30.09","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on time scales and spatial variations of interrelations between average weather conditions and sea surface temperature (SST), and long-term changes in the SST in south-eastern Baltic Sea. The analysis relies on SST samples measured in situ four times a year in up to 17 open sea monitoring stations in Lithuanian waters in 1960–2015. A joint application of non-metric multi-dimensional scaling and cluster analysis reveals four distinct SST regimes and associated sub-regions in the study area. The increase in SST has occurred during both winter and summer seasons in 1960–2015 whereas the switch from relatively warm summer to colder autumn temperatures has been shifted by 4–6 weeks over this time in all sub-regions. The annual average air temperature and SST have increased by 0.03°C yr–1 and 0.02°C yr–1, respectively, from 1960 till 2015. These data are compared with air temperatures measured in coastal meteorological stations and averaged over time intervals from 1 to 9 weeks. Statistically significant positive correlation exists between the SST and the average air temperature. This correlation is strongest for the averaging interval of 35 days.","PeriodicalId":55401,"journal":{"name":"Baltica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45262753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.5200/BALTICA.2017.30.13
Eglė Baltranaitė, Egidijus Jurkus, R. Povilanskas
The objective of the article is to give a comprehensive assessment of the impact that physical geographical factors of the coastal environment have on the South Baltic seaside resorts in the way it is reflected in planning documents (comprehensive plans, regional and tourism development strategies) of South Baltic seaside territorial entities. The seaside resorts and the adjacent coastal protected nature areas, particularly coastal national parks and UNESCO biosphere reserves, are the main focus of this study. The contents of 141 valid documents of spatial planning, management and development has been analysed. The studied comprehensive development plans, tourism strategies and other documents demonstrate that virtually all seaside municipalities in the South Baltic Region express a strong concern in increasing risk of coastal erosion and sea level rise related to the global climate change.
{"title":"Impact of physical geographical factors on sustainable planning of South Baltic seaside resorts","authors":"Eglė Baltranaitė, Egidijus Jurkus, R. Povilanskas","doi":"10.5200/BALTICA.2017.30.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5200/BALTICA.2017.30.13","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the article is to give a comprehensive assessment of the impact that physical geographical factors of the coastal environment have on the South Baltic seaside resorts in the way it is reflected in planning documents (comprehensive plans, regional and tourism development strategies) of South Baltic seaside territorial entities. The seaside resorts and the adjacent coastal protected nature areas, particularly coastal national parks and UNESCO biosphere reserves, are the main focus of this study. The contents of 141 valid documents of spatial planning, management and development has been analysed. The studied comprehensive development plans, tourism strategies and other documents demonstrate that virtually all seaside municipalities in the South Baltic Region express a strong concern in increasing risk of coastal erosion and sea level rise related to the global climate change.","PeriodicalId":55401,"journal":{"name":"Baltica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43809868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.5200/BALTICA.2017.30.14
V. Sivkov, V. Paka, O. Pustelnikovas
IN MEMORIAM
为纪念
{"title":"IN MEMORIAM. Farewell to Professor Emelyan Mikhailovich Emelyanov (November 7, 1934 – October 2, 2017)","authors":"V. Sivkov, V. Paka, O. Pustelnikovas","doi":"10.5200/BALTICA.2017.30.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5200/BALTICA.2017.30.14","url":null,"abstract":"IN MEMORIAM","PeriodicalId":55401,"journal":{"name":"Baltica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41433463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.5200/BALTICA.2017.30.12
R. Cieśliński, I. Chlost
The purpose of the paper is to provide some calculations on the current water balance for the Vistula Lagoon, which is exceptionally valuable in terms of biology and hydrology. It is located along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in both Poland and Russia. In the era of marked climate change, but first and foremost the plans of the Polish side of the cross-cutting of the Vistula Spit, there has been a need to update the balance data of the Vistula Lagoon. In the near future, they may be an excellent comparative material to changes in the proportions of individual water circulation components in the Vistula Lagoon and changes in its entire ecosystem, caused by the implementation of the project. In the literature on the subject, balance sheet data from 50 years ago are used (these data were compiled in the initial part of the study), hence the concept of attempting to update them has appeared. Due to the lack of data from the Russian part of the catchment area, the main emphasis in the work was put on the completion and modernization of the components of the balance sheet of the Polish catchment. A novelty at work is the refinement of the potamical inflow to the Vistula Lagoon with small but numerous streams flowing from the Elbląg Upland, as well as the inflow forced by polder discharges. Climate water balance data are shown based on data available from IMGW in Warsaw and include monthly precipitation totals for the period 1996–2010 obtained at six gauging sites located near the Vistula Lagoon. Evaporation was calculated using Tichomirov’s formula. River water influx was determined based on data available in Kruk (2011), data from IMGW (Pasłęka River) and data from papers Bogdanowicz (2007, 2009) and documents associated with the Program for biological passages in rivers in Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province (2007). Raw data were also obtained from the Office of Water Management in the city of Elbląg for the period 2006–2011. These data covered water flow moving from the polders. Groundwater influx was estimated using values provided by Silicz (1975). The volume of seawater influx was estimated using the data provided by Silicz (1975) and Chubarenko and Chubarenko (2002). The study confirms that water exchange in coastal lagoons is quite complex due to the presence of several different sources of recharge and several different places where water is lost. The complexity of water cycle is enhanced by a complex hydrographic system of lagoon catchments and a complicated system of water exchange with the sea. The total water volume involved in circulation in the Vistula Lagoon is estimated to be 24,225 mln m3 per year. The largest part of the water received by a coastal lagoon comes from the sea. In this case, it is about 77% (18,130 mln m3 per year). In addition, an array of catchment sources yields about 21% of the studied lagoon’s water. Its catchment provides an additional 4,974 mln m3 of water. The Pregolya River produces 55% of the catchment influx
{"title":"Water balance characteristics of the Vistula Lagoon coastal area along the southern Baltic Sea","authors":"R. Cieśliński, I. Chlost","doi":"10.5200/BALTICA.2017.30.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5200/BALTICA.2017.30.12","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the paper is to provide some calculations on the current water balance for the Vistula Lagoon, which is exceptionally valuable in terms of biology and hydrology. It is located along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in both Poland and Russia. In the era of marked climate change, but first and foremost the plans of the Polish side of the cross-cutting of the Vistula Spit, there has been a need to update the balance data of the Vistula Lagoon. In the near future, they may be an excellent comparative material to changes in the proportions of individual water circulation components in the Vistula Lagoon and changes in its entire ecosystem, caused by the implementation of the project. In the literature on the subject, balance sheet data from 50 years ago are used (these data were compiled in the initial part of the study), hence the concept of attempting to update them has appeared. Due to the lack of data from the Russian part of the catchment area, the main emphasis in the work was put on the completion and modernization of the components of the balance sheet of the Polish catchment. A novelty at work is the refinement of the potamical inflow to the Vistula Lagoon with small but numerous streams flowing from the Elbląg Upland, as well as the inflow forced by polder discharges. Climate water balance data are shown based on data available from IMGW in Warsaw and include monthly precipitation totals for the period 1996–2010 obtained at six gauging sites located near the Vistula Lagoon. Evaporation was calculated using Tichomirov’s formula. River water influx was determined based on data available in Kruk (2011), data from IMGW (Pasłęka River) and data from papers Bogdanowicz (2007, 2009) and documents associated with the Program for biological passages in rivers in Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province (2007). Raw data were also obtained from the Office of Water Management in the city of Elbląg for the period 2006–2011. These data covered water flow moving from the polders. Groundwater influx was estimated using values provided by Silicz (1975). The volume of seawater influx was estimated using the data provided by Silicz (1975) and Chubarenko and Chubarenko (2002). The study confirms that water exchange in coastal lagoons is quite complex due to the presence of several different sources of recharge and several different places where water is lost. The complexity of water cycle is enhanced by a complex hydrographic system of lagoon catchments and a complicated system of water exchange with the sea. The total water volume involved in circulation in the Vistula Lagoon is estimated to be 24,225 mln m3 per year. The largest part of the water received by a coastal lagoon comes from the sea. In this case, it is about 77% (18,130 mln m3 per year). In addition, an array of catchment sources yields about 21% of the studied lagoon’s water. Its catchment provides an additional 4,974 mln m3 of water. The Pregolya River produces 55% of the catchment influx","PeriodicalId":55401,"journal":{"name":"Baltica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46212513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.5200/BALTICA.2017.30.08
E. Kalińska-Nartiša, K. Lamsters, J. Karušs, M. Krievāns, Agnis Rečs, R. Meija
The western ablation zone of the Greenland ice sheet is darker than the surrounding ice, because a higher amount of fine-grained particles, known as a cryoconite, occur. To date, biotic cryoconite components have gained a lot of attention, in contrast with mineral components, which have been studied to a limited extent. In this study, fine-grained quartz grains from the cryoconite holes of the Russell Glacier, southwest Greenland are, therefore, examined. Authors use scanning electron microscope to elucidate shape, surface character and origin of these mineral quartz particles. Triangular-faceted, sharp-edged grains dominate in most of the investigated samples, and originate from local sources, where grain-to-grain contact in the ice prevail. Grains with smooth corners and edges result from chemical weathering in meltwater of alkaline pH, in which quartz solubility significantly increases. However, part of these rounded grains is due to mechanical abrasion by wind action. Postsedimentary frost action is visible through grains entirely or partially covered by scaly-grained encrustation. Local processes and sources are largely responsible for aforementioned grain outlines. However, few grains with bulbous silica precipitation argue for a dry and warm climate, and distant, out-of-Greenland origin.
{"title":"Fine-grained quartz from cryoconite holes of the Russell Glacier, southwest Greenland – a scanning electron microscopy study","authors":"E. Kalińska-Nartiša, K. Lamsters, J. Karušs, M. Krievāns, Agnis Rečs, R. Meija","doi":"10.5200/BALTICA.2017.30.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5200/BALTICA.2017.30.08","url":null,"abstract":"The western ablation zone of the Greenland ice sheet is darker than the surrounding ice, because a higher amount of fine-grained particles, known as a cryoconite, occur. To date, biotic cryoconite components have gained a lot of attention, in contrast with mineral components, which have been studied to a limited extent. In this study, fine-grained quartz grains from the cryoconite holes of the Russell Glacier, southwest Greenland are, therefore, examined. Authors use scanning electron microscope to elucidate shape, surface character and origin of these mineral quartz particles. Triangular-faceted, sharp-edged grains dominate in most of the investigated samples, and originate from local sources, where grain-to-grain contact in the ice prevail. Grains with smooth corners and edges result from chemical weathering in meltwater of alkaline pH, in which quartz solubility significantly increases. However, part of these rounded grains is due to mechanical abrasion by wind action. Postsedimentary frost action is visible through grains entirely or partially covered by scaly-grained encrustation. Local processes and sources are largely responsible for aforementioned grain outlines. However, few grains with bulbous silica precipitation argue for a dry and warm climate, and distant, out-of-Greenland origin.","PeriodicalId":55401,"journal":{"name":"Baltica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44658390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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