Pub Date : 2021-05-03DOI: 10.1177/17581559211012830
J. K. Lee
The nest-selection process of many birds can be affected by traces of potential predators. However, it remains debatable if birds are capable of recognizing and responding to chemical cues of predators when selecting their nest sites. To investigate this, I installed a pair of nest boxes at 12 sites in 2013 and 2014 and 24 sites in 2015 and 2016, each with nest conditions that differed for two variables, that is, height (high or low), hole depth (deep or shallow). Under these experimental conditions, tree swallows displayed a strong preference for high nests over low ones and deep hole nests over shallow holes. In a consecutive experiment, we applied chemical cues (i.e. urine, feces) of domestic cats to the preferred nests to determine if this would alter the nests selected; the chemical cues led to a stepwise alteration in the nests selected. The birds changed their nest selection by chemical cues of a predator when one variable (nest height or hole depth) was applied. Interestingly, however, when provided with a choice between the most preferred nest combination (high and with a deep hole) and the least preferred nest combination (low and with a shallow hole), tree swallows selected the most preferred nest even in the presence of the chemical cues.
{"title":"Can chemical cues from a predator change the nest-selection of birds?","authors":"J. K. Lee","doi":"10.1177/17581559211012830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17581559211012830","url":null,"abstract":"The nest-selection process of many birds can be affected by traces of potential predators. However, it remains debatable if birds are capable of recognizing and responding to chemical cues of predators when selecting their nest sites. To investigate this, I installed a pair of nest boxes at 12 sites in 2013 and 2014 and 24 sites in 2015 and 2016, each with nest conditions that differed for two variables, that is, height (high or low), hole depth (deep or shallow). Under these experimental conditions, tree swallows displayed a strong preference for high nests over low ones and deep hole nests over shallow holes. In a consecutive experiment, we applied chemical cues (i.e. urine, feces) of domestic cats to the preferred nests to determine if this would alter the nests selected; the chemical cues led to a stepwise alteration in the nests selected. The birds changed their nest selection by chemical cues of a predator when one variable (nest height or hole depth) was applied. Interestingly, however, when provided with a choice between the most preferred nest combination (high and with a deep hole) and the least preferred nest combination (low and with a shallow hole), tree swallows selected the most preferred nest even in the presence of the chemical cues.","PeriodicalId":55408,"journal":{"name":"Avian Biology Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"87 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17581559211012830","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45621154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.1177/1758155921997364
Michele Cento, V. Malpassuti, G. dell’Omo, N. Agostini
The European honey buzzard Pernis apivorus is a summer visitor in Europe, wintering mostly in West-central Africa. Previous studies concerning timing of autumn migration in relation to sex groups provided contrasting results. In particular, a field survey made in southern Sweden did not report differences in timing, while a satellite study via GPS tracking on six adults, three males, and three females, revealed that the latter departed earlier. The aim of this 4-year study is to further investigate the timing of autumn migration in this species carrying out observations at the Strait of Messina, a bottleneck located along the Central Mediterranean flyway, between August 10th and September 30th 2016–2019. Adult European honey buzzards concentrated the passage between late August early September, with females passing on average 5 days earlier than males. It is suggested that a different role of sexes concerning exhibition of territorial displays during the late breeding season, would explain differences between sex groups in timing of both moult and autumn migration.
{"title":"Differential timing of autumn migration between sex groups in adult European honey buzzards Pernis apivorus","authors":"Michele Cento, V. Malpassuti, G. dell’Omo, N. Agostini","doi":"10.1177/1758155921997364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1758155921997364","url":null,"abstract":"The European honey buzzard Pernis apivorus is a summer visitor in Europe, wintering mostly in West-central Africa. Previous studies concerning timing of autumn migration in relation to sex groups provided contrasting results. In particular, a field survey made in southern Sweden did not report differences in timing, while a satellite study via GPS tracking on six adults, three males, and three females, revealed that the latter departed earlier. The aim of this 4-year study is to further investigate the timing of autumn migration in this species carrying out observations at the Strait of Messina, a bottleneck located along the Central Mediterranean flyway, between August 10th and September 30th 2016–2019. Adult European honey buzzards concentrated the passage between late August early September, with females passing on average 5 days earlier than males. It is suggested that a different role of sexes concerning exhibition of territorial displays during the late breeding season, would explain differences between sex groups in timing of both moult and autumn migration.","PeriodicalId":55408,"journal":{"name":"Avian Biology Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"55 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1758155921997364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65573314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-26DOI: 10.1177/17581559211010295
Kelly S Reyna, Jeffrey G. Whitt, W. L. Newman
Northern bobwhite populations are dwindling across their range. Accordingly, in areas with bobwhite habitat restoration and no nearby populations, effective population restoration techniques are needed. Here, we evaluated three bobwhite restoration release strategies: (1) release of captive-reared bobwhites on sites with and without resident populations, (2) translocation of wild-trapped bobwhites from a region of high population density to a region with no population, and (3) release of captive-reared and wild-translocated bobwhites acclimated on site prior to release in year 2. Wild-translocated birds survived longer than captive-reared birds. Mean survival for captive-reared bobwhites was 2.42 weeks, and 4.27 weeks in year 1, and 1.91 and 1.40 weeks in year 2, for study sites without resident and with resident birds present, respectively. Mean survival for wild-translocated birds was 8.50 weeks in year 1, and 11.54 weeks in year 2. Wild-translocated birds dispersed shorter distances than captive-reared birds. Both captive-reared and wild-translocated bobwhites only nested on study sites with conspecifics. Captive-reared birds had 0 nesting attempts on the site with no resident bobwhites, and ⩾8 nests on the site with resident bobwhites. Wild-translocated females nested six times and were subsequently observed with juveniles. On-site acclimation did not increase post-release survival for northern bobwhites. Acclimation increased site fidelity but reduced survival for captive-reared birds and had no impact on survival for wild-translocated bobwhites. Population restoration by release of captive-reared or wild-translocated birds is not irrelevant, but further investigation is needed into the relationship between captive-reared birds and predators, and methods to increase survival and reproduction of released birds.
{"title":"Efficacy of acclimating and releasing captive-reared and wild-translocated Northern bobwhites","authors":"Kelly S Reyna, Jeffrey G. Whitt, W. L. Newman","doi":"10.1177/17581559211010295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17581559211010295","url":null,"abstract":"Northern bobwhite populations are dwindling across their range. Accordingly, in areas with bobwhite habitat restoration and no nearby populations, effective population restoration techniques are needed. Here, we evaluated three bobwhite restoration release strategies: (1) release of captive-reared bobwhites on sites with and without resident populations, (2) translocation of wild-trapped bobwhites from a region of high population density to a region with no population, and (3) release of captive-reared and wild-translocated bobwhites acclimated on site prior to release in year 2. Wild-translocated birds survived longer than captive-reared birds. Mean survival for captive-reared bobwhites was 2.42 weeks, and 4.27 weeks in year 1, and 1.91 and 1.40 weeks in year 2, for study sites without resident and with resident birds present, respectively. Mean survival for wild-translocated birds was 8.50 weeks in year 1, and 11.54 weeks in year 2. Wild-translocated birds dispersed shorter distances than captive-reared birds. Both captive-reared and wild-translocated bobwhites only nested on study sites with conspecifics. Captive-reared birds had 0 nesting attempts on the site with no resident bobwhites, and ⩾8 nests on the site with resident bobwhites. Wild-translocated females nested six times and were subsequently observed with juveniles. On-site acclimation did not increase post-release survival for northern bobwhites. Acclimation increased site fidelity but reduced survival for captive-reared birds and had no impact on survival for wild-translocated bobwhites. Population restoration by release of captive-reared or wild-translocated birds is not irrelevant, but further investigation is needed into the relationship between captive-reared birds and predators, and methods to increase survival and reproduction of released birds.","PeriodicalId":55408,"journal":{"name":"Avian Biology Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"79 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17581559211010295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48541284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-18DOI: 10.1177/17581559211009051
Stefânia A. Miranda, I. C. Seligmann, Kedson Raul de Souza Lima, R. Santos, S. Domingues
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different dietary supplementations (fish or shrimp) on the growth, bone development and beak pigment disappearance in scarlet ibis kept in captivity. One-day-old scarlet ibis (n = 20) were assigned to one of two diets, where 10 birds were fed a diluted commercial diet supplemented with shrimp broth, and 10 were fed a diluted commercial diet supplemented with fish broth. The feeding trial started at day one until day 35. The diluted commercial diet consisted of a flamingo diet diluted in water (puree). Chicks growth, bone development (radius, tarsus and tibia), and disappearance of beak pigmentation were recorded. No mortality was observed in the groups of the chicks fed supplemented commercial diets. Chicks fed diets supplemented with shrimp or fish broth gained weight from the first to the 35th day of life. However, from day 14 to the end of the trial growth was significantly higher in birds fed fish broth than shrimp broth. Again, the fish broth diet increased (p < 0.001) the length of radius and tibia in comparison with shrimp one from day 14 and thereafter, while this similar difference in the tarsus was observed starting from day 28. The disappearance of the pigmented portion of the beak was not specifically affected by the diet, and it decreased over time. In conclusion, young scarlet ibis grow better in captivity when fed diets supplemented with fish broth than with shrimp broth.
{"title":"Diet supplementation with fish broth in early life improves bone development and growth of scarlet ibis (Eudocimus ruber)","authors":"Stefânia A. Miranda, I. C. Seligmann, Kedson Raul de Souza Lima, R. Santos, S. Domingues","doi":"10.1177/17581559211009051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17581559211009051","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different dietary supplementations (fish or shrimp) on the growth, bone development and beak pigment disappearance in scarlet ibis kept in captivity. One-day-old scarlet ibis (n = 20) were assigned to one of two diets, where 10 birds were fed a diluted commercial diet supplemented with shrimp broth, and 10 were fed a diluted commercial diet supplemented with fish broth. The feeding trial started at day one until day 35. The diluted commercial diet consisted of a flamingo diet diluted in water (puree). Chicks growth, bone development (radius, tarsus and tibia), and disappearance of beak pigmentation were recorded. No mortality was observed in the groups of the chicks fed supplemented commercial diets. Chicks fed diets supplemented with shrimp or fish broth gained weight from the first to the 35th day of life. However, from day 14 to the end of the trial growth was significantly higher in birds fed fish broth than shrimp broth. Again, the fish broth diet increased (p < 0.001) the length of radius and tibia in comparison with shrimp one from day 14 and thereafter, while this similar difference in the tarsus was observed starting from day 28. The disappearance of the pigmented portion of the beak was not specifically affected by the diet, and it decreased over time. In conclusion, young scarlet ibis grow better in captivity when fed diets supplemented with fish broth than with shrimp broth.","PeriodicalId":55408,"journal":{"name":"Avian Biology Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"69 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17581559211009051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41612832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.1177/1758155921997982
Vidya Shukla, M. Sadananda
Zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) are highly monogamous birds that maintain lifelong pair-bonds. Females make the mate choice based on the quality of males who initiate pair-bond formation by courting the female. A mate separation-reunion paradigm can help to evaluate the adaptive value of social affiliation of male finches and their affinity to new females in absence of mated females which can manifest at a neuronal level by dendritic measures. The aim of this study was to examine behavioural and neuronal changes as a result of social isolation following pair-bonding in male zebra finches. Towards this, male zebra finches from a pair-bonded group were isolated for a period of ten days and then exposed to either the mate or a new female. Four main courtship behaviours: clumping, allopreening, nest box occupancy and directed singing were recorded and analysed. Brains were processed by a modified Golgi technique to detect changes in dendritic arborizations using the Sholl analysis. Baseline behavioural results showed an increase in clumping and nest box activity by day 10. Isolated males re-introduced with their pair-bonded females demonstrated increased nest box activity. Alternatively, isolated males exposed to new females demonstrated increased directed singing when compared to their pair-bonded state, but lower than when exposed to same female. Neuro-morphological changes assessed through quantification of dendritic intersections and branch points were observed in pallial brain areas known to be implicated in the development of social/sexual preferences, with the pair-bonded group demonstrating more branching and longer dendrites when compared to the socially-isolated group. Thus social isolation impacts both courtship behaviour and neuronal morphologies with differential responses to the pair-bonded female versus a new female.
{"title":"Social isolation-induced effects on male-specific courtship behaviours and dendritic architecture in associative forebrain areas in Zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)","authors":"Vidya Shukla, M. Sadananda","doi":"10.1177/1758155921997982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1758155921997982","url":null,"abstract":"Zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) are highly monogamous birds that maintain lifelong pair-bonds. Females make the mate choice based on the quality of males who initiate pair-bond formation by courting the female. A mate separation-reunion paradigm can help to evaluate the adaptive value of social affiliation of male finches and their affinity to new females in absence of mated females which can manifest at a neuronal level by dendritic measures. The aim of this study was to examine behavioural and neuronal changes as a result of social isolation following pair-bonding in male zebra finches. Towards this, male zebra finches from a pair-bonded group were isolated for a period of ten days and then exposed to either the mate or a new female. Four main courtship behaviours: clumping, allopreening, nest box occupancy and directed singing were recorded and analysed. Brains were processed by a modified Golgi technique to detect changes in dendritic arborizations using the Sholl analysis. Baseline behavioural results showed an increase in clumping and nest box activity by day 10. Isolated males re-introduced with their pair-bonded females demonstrated increased nest box activity. Alternatively, isolated males exposed to new females demonstrated increased directed singing when compared to their pair-bonded state, but lower than when exposed to same female. Neuro-morphological changes assessed through quantification of dendritic intersections and branch points were observed in pallial brain areas known to be implicated in the development of social/sexual preferences, with the pair-bonded group demonstrating more branching and longer dendrites when compared to the socially-isolated group. Thus social isolation impacts both courtship behaviour and neuronal morphologies with differential responses to the pair-bonded female versus a new female.","PeriodicalId":55408,"journal":{"name":"Avian Biology Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"59 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1758155921997982","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49064902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-28DOI: 10.1177/1758155920987151
J. Carrillo-Ortiz, Santi Guallar, Jessica Martínez-Vargas, J. Quesada
The methods used to preserve bird skins in museums have a potentially crucial impact on the feasibility and use of these specimens as a source of biological knowledge, although this subject is rarely broached. Study skins of birds are usually prepared with folded wings and straight legs to facilitate storage in the collection; yet, this method can hamper the measurement and examination of certain important features such as wing-feather moult. To make consultation easier for ornithologists, alternative preparation methods such as the splitting of wings and tarsi from the rest of the animal have been proposed by curators. Our aim was to study whether or not preparing bird specimens with spread limbs makes consultation simpler. First, we used two different methods to prepare two specimens each of two common European passerine species: (1) ‘traditional’ (folded wings and straight tarsi) and (2) ‘spread’ (limbs spread on one side of the body). Then, we asked 22 experienced ornithologists to identify moult limits and take three biometric measurements (wing chord, length of the third primary feather and tarsus length) from all four specimens. Subsequently, we asked which preparation method they preferred for obtaining data. The ‘spread’ preparation was preferred for moult, third primary feather length and tarsus length, whilst the ‘traditional’ preparation was preferred for wing chord. Data obtained from the folded and spread preparations were very highly repeatable within each method but only moderately to highly repeatable between methods. One of the handicaps with the ‘spread’ preparation is the increase in storage space required, a factor that should be taken into account before it is employed. Nevertheless, this specimen preparation technique can greatly facilitate consultation and therefore improve the scientific value of ornithological collections.
{"title":"A revision of bird skin preparation aimed at improving the scientific value of ornithological collections","authors":"J. Carrillo-Ortiz, Santi Guallar, Jessica Martínez-Vargas, J. Quesada","doi":"10.1177/1758155920987151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1758155920987151","url":null,"abstract":"The methods used to preserve bird skins in museums have a potentially crucial impact on the feasibility and use of these specimens as a source of biological knowledge, although this subject is rarely broached. Study skins of birds are usually prepared with folded wings and straight legs to facilitate storage in the collection; yet, this method can hamper the measurement and examination of certain important features such as wing-feather moult. To make consultation easier for ornithologists, alternative preparation methods such as the splitting of wings and tarsi from the rest of the animal have been proposed by curators. Our aim was to study whether or not preparing bird specimens with spread limbs makes consultation simpler. First, we used two different methods to prepare two specimens each of two common European passerine species: (1) ‘traditional’ (folded wings and straight tarsi) and (2) ‘spread’ (limbs spread on one side of the body). Then, we asked 22 experienced ornithologists to identify moult limits and take three biometric measurements (wing chord, length of the third primary feather and tarsus length) from all four specimens. Subsequently, we asked which preparation method they preferred for obtaining data. The ‘spread’ preparation was preferred for moult, third primary feather length and tarsus length, whilst the ‘traditional’ preparation was preferred for wing chord. Data obtained from the folded and spread preparations were very highly repeatable within each method but only moderately to highly repeatable between methods. One of the handicaps with the ‘spread’ preparation is the increase in storage space required, a factor that should be taken into account before it is employed. Nevertheless, this specimen preparation technique can greatly facilitate consultation and therefore improve the scientific value of ornithological collections.","PeriodicalId":55408,"journal":{"name":"Avian Biology Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"48 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1758155920987151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44835087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.1177/1758155920971823
A. Dixon, Janelle M. Ward, Sarangerel Ichinkhorloo, Tuvshinjargal Erdenechimeg, Batbayar Galtbalt, B. Davaasuren, Batbayar Bold, N. Batbayar
We describe seasonal changes in the physiology of reproductive organs of Saker Falcons electrocuted on an electricity power line in Mongolia. Macroscopic examination of the gonads revealed asymmetry in testes size, with bias to the left body side. This asymmetry declined with seasonal increase in testes size during the main egg-laying period of the breeding season. In females, 91% possessed both left and right ovaries (N = 161); there was no visible oviduct associated with the right ovary and it was smaller than the functional left ovary. Both ovaries showed seasonal development in size, becoming larger during the peak egg-laying period. Hierarchical preovulatory follicular development was recorded in two females, with ca. 5 mm difference in the diameter of sequential follicles. Both sexes developed brood patches during the main incubation period, with adults more likely to exhibit brood patches than juveniles. Among juveniles, at least 82% of females and 91% of males were non-breeders without brood patches. The high electrocution rate at our studied power line provided a rare opportunity to examine the non-breeding component of the Saker population. Juveniles predominated in the non-breeding population during the main egg-laying period (89%, N = 65), with the proportion of adults electrocuted being significantly lower among females. Only a small proportion of juvenile females exhibited gonadal evidence of breeding, consistent with the low observed frequency of juvenile breeders at nests. The demographic composition of the non-breeding population is consistent with female mortality rates exceeding that of males, and potentially indicates incipient population decline.
{"title":"Seasonal variation in gonad physiology indicates juvenile breeding in the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug)","authors":"A. Dixon, Janelle M. Ward, Sarangerel Ichinkhorloo, Tuvshinjargal Erdenechimeg, Batbayar Galtbalt, B. Davaasuren, Batbayar Bold, N. Batbayar","doi":"10.1177/1758155920971823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1758155920971823","url":null,"abstract":"We describe seasonal changes in the physiology of reproductive organs of Saker Falcons electrocuted on an electricity power line in Mongolia. Macroscopic examination of the gonads revealed asymmetry in testes size, with bias to the left body side. This asymmetry declined with seasonal increase in testes size during the main egg-laying period of the breeding season. In females, 91% possessed both left and right ovaries (N = 161); there was no visible oviduct associated with the right ovary and it was smaller than the functional left ovary. Both ovaries showed seasonal development in size, becoming larger during the peak egg-laying period. Hierarchical preovulatory follicular development was recorded in two females, with ca. 5 mm difference in the diameter of sequential follicles. Both sexes developed brood patches during the main incubation period, with adults more likely to exhibit brood patches than juveniles. Among juveniles, at least 82% of females and 91% of males were non-breeders without brood patches. The high electrocution rate at our studied power line provided a rare opportunity to examine the non-breeding component of the Saker population. Juveniles predominated in the non-breeding population during the main egg-laying period (89%, N = 65), with the proportion of adults electrocuted being significantly lower among females. Only a small proportion of juvenile females exhibited gonadal evidence of breeding, consistent with the low observed frequency of juvenile breeders at nests. The demographic composition of the non-breeding population is consistent with female mortality rates exceeding that of males, and potentially indicates incipient population decline.","PeriodicalId":55408,"journal":{"name":"Avian Biology Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"39 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1758155920971823","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46242522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-09DOI: 10.1177/1758155920968991
N. Sartsoongnoen, B. Kamkrathok, Taweesak Songserm, Y. Chaiseha
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays a pivotal role in food intake and body weight regulation in both birds and mammals. Unlike imported broilers and layers, native Thai chicken, a tropical non-seasonal breeding species, has lower body weight and exhibits strongly maternal behaviors which, in turn, affect feeding behavior during the reproductive cycle. The aim of this study was to investigate the role(s) of NPY that might be associated with the reproductive cycle of female native Thai chickens using immunohistochemistry technique. The distributions of NPY-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons and fibers in the brain of laying and fasted chickens was also elucidated. Changes in body weight and number of NPY-ir neurons in the nucleus paraventricularis magnocellularis (PVN) were compared across reproductive stages. The results revealed that NPY-ir neurons and fibers were distributed throughout the brain with the greatest density located in the PVN. Differences in the number of NPY-ir neurons in the PVN were found across reproductive stages. The numbers were lowest in non-egg laying and egg laying stages and significantly higher during egg-incubating and chick-rearing stages. Changes in body weight were inversely related to the number of NPY-ir neurons across reproductive stages. In addition, food restriction caused an increase in NPY immunoreactivity, confirming the role of NPY in response to food restriction. Taken together, the present findings suggest that the NPYergic system in the PVN plays an important role in the regulation of food intake during the reproductive cycle in this non-seasonal breeding tropical species.
{"title":"Distribution and variation of neuropeptide Y in the brain of native Thai chicken","authors":"N. Sartsoongnoen, B. Kamkrathok, Taweesak Songserm, Y. Chaiseha","doi":"10.1177/1758155920968991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1758155920968991","url":null,"abstract":"Neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays a pivotal role in food intake and body weight regulation in both birds and mammals. Unlike imported broilers and layers, native Thai chicken, a tropical non-seasonal breeding species, has lower body weight and exhibits strongly maternal behaviors which, in turn, affect feeding behavior during the reproductive cycle. The aim of this study was to investigate the role(s) of NPY that might be associated with the reproductive cycle of female native Thai chickens using immunohistochemistry technique. The distributions of NPY-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons and fibers in the brain of laying and fasted chickens was also elucidated. Changes in body weight and number of NPY-ir neurons in the nucleus paraventricularis magnocellularis (PVN) were compared across reproductive stages. The results revealed that NPY-ir neurons and fibers were distributed throughout the brain with the greatest density located in the PVN. Differences in the number of NPY-ir neurons in the PVN were found across reproductive stages. The numbers were lowest in non-egg laying and egg laying stages and significantly higher during egg-incubating and chick-rearing stages. Changes in body weight were inversely related to the number of NPY-ir neurons across reproductive stages. In addition, food restriction caused an increase in NPY immunoreactivity, confirming the role of NPY in response to food restriction. Taken together, the present findings suggest that the NPYergic system in the PVN plays an important role in the regulation of food intake during the reproductive cycle in this non-seasonal breeding tropical species.","PeriodicalId":55408,"journal":{"name":"Avian Biology Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"27 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1758155920968991","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45925691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1177/1758155920951685
M. Rusli
Several species of hornbills are known to develop dorsal air sacs after hatching, which present as a pocket of air under their skin. These increase in size as the chicks grow, and gradually disappear as the chicks develop feathers. However, this feature is not well-described, nor do we know the extent it occurs in Bucerotids. Here, it is reported in a clutch of hand-reared Von der Decken’s hornbills (Tockus deckeni) (n = 5) at Jurong Bird Park, Singapore. Air sacs were not present at hatch, but developed within 24 h, increasing in size until about 10 days of age. They gradually recede from this age and are not always inflated, disappearing at about 16 days of age when the chick has considerable feather growth. The functions of this unique feature are largely unclear, but it is thought to be mostly related to thermoregulation. Further research is required to determine this, possibly using captive specimens from zoological institutions as it is more difficult to collect data from wild birds.
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Pub Date : 2020-10-28DOI: 10.1177/1758155920962908
Chloe Peneaux, P. Hansbro, P. Jobling, J. Holdsworth, A. Griffin
Conspicuous coloured displays from ultraviolet to bright red have been documented in many species throughout the animal kingdom. These colours often occur as sexual signals and can be incorporated into different types of integuments (e.g. scales, feathers, skin). Two main mechanisms are known to produce coloured integuments: pigmentation and tissue structure. Although pigmental and structural coloration are separate mechanisms and can occur independently, some coloured displays might emerge from a combination of both. Here, we demonstrate, using biochemical, optical and morphological methodologies, that the yellow coloration of the skin located around the eye of Common (Indian) Mynas (Acridotheres tristis) is produced by both light-reflecting nanostructures and light-absorbing carotenoid pigments. Our analysis confirms that nanostructured collagen in the avian dermis work in combination with carotenoid pigments to produce vivid integumentary colours. Identifying the mechanisms behind the production of a coloured signal provides a basis for predicting how a signal’s function might be influenced by environmental factors such as fledgling nutrition.
{"title":"Tissue structure contributes to the production of a coloured skin display in the Common Myna","authors":"Chloe Peneaux, P. Hansbro, P. Jobling, J. Holdsworth, A. Griffin","doi":"10.1177/1758155920962908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1758155920962908","url":null,"abstract":"Conspicuous coloured displays from ultraviolet to bright red have been documented in many species throughout the animal kingdom. These colours often occur as sexual signals and can be incorporated into different types of integuments (e.g. scales, feathers, skin). Two main mechanisms are known to produce coloured integuments: pigmentation and tissue structure. Although pigmental and structural coloration are separate mechanisms and can occur independently, some coloured displays might emerge from a combination of both. Here, we demonstrate, using biochemical, optical and morphological methodologies, that the yellow coloration of the skin located around the eye of Common (Indian) Mynas (Acridotheres tristis) is produced by both light-reflecting nanostructures and light-absorbing carotenoid pigments. Our analysis confirms that nanostructured collagen in the avian dermis work in combination with carotenoid pigments to produce vivid integumentary colours. Identifying the mechanisms behind the production of a coloured signal provides a basis for predicting how a signal’s function might be influenced by environmental factors such as fledgling nutrition.","PeriodicalId":55408,"journal":{"name":"Avian Biology Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"100 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1758155920962908","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45246248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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