Pub Date : 2020-10-28DOI: 10.1177/1758155920963198
Steven Reed, Richard K. Simpson, K. McGraw
Among the most ornate animal traits in nature are the angle-dependent (e.g. iridescent) structural colors of many fishes, damselflies, birds, beetles, and butterflies. Though we now have a solid understanding of the mechanisms that create angle-dependent coloration in several groups, we know little about whether pigmentary colors reflect light in an angle-dependent fashion or if similar or different mechanisms govern angle-dependent reflectance from pigmentary versus structural colors. Here for the first time we describe non-iridescent angle-dependent coloration from the tail and wing feathers of several parrot species (Aves: Psittaciformes). We employed a novel approach—by calculating chromatic and achromatic contrasts (in just noticeable differences, JNDs) of straight and angled measurements of the same feather patch—to test for perceptually relevant angle-dependent changes in coloration on dorsal and ventral feather surfaces. We found, among the 15 parrot species studied, significant angle dependence for seven of our eight feather JND parameters. We then measured micro-scale features on each side of feathers, including size and color of barbs and barbules, to attempt to predict interspecific variation in degree of angle-dependent reflectance. We found that barb height, plumage-color type (e.g. melanin, structural), and differences between barb-barbule coloration (measured using Euclidean distances) were the strongest predictors of angle-dependent coloration. Interestingly, there was no significant phylogenetic signal in any of the angle-dependence models tested. These findings deepen our views on the importance of microscopic feather features in the production of directional animal coloration, especially in tissues that are colored predominantly by pigments and appear to be statically colored.
{"title":"Feather morphological predictors of angle-dependent color changes in parrot plumage","authors":"Steven Reed, Richard K. Simpson, K. McGraw","doi":"10.1177/1758155920963198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1758155920963198","url":null,"abstract":"Among the most ornate animal traits in nature are the angle-dependent (e.g. iridescent) structural colors of many fishes, damselflies, birds, beetles, and butterflies. Though we now have a solid understanding of the mechanisms that create angle-dependent coloration in several groups, we know little about whether pigmentary colors reflect light in an angle-dependent fashion or if similar or different mechanisms govern angle-dependent reflectance from pigmentary versus structural colors. Here for the first time we describe non-iridescent angle-dependent coloration from the tail and wing feathers of several parrot species (Aves: Psittaciformes). We employed a novel approach—by calculating chromatic and achromatic contrasts (in just noticeable differences, JNDs) of straight and angled measurements of the same feather patch—to test for perceptually relevant angle-dependent changes in coloration on dorsal and ventral feather surfaces. We found, among the 15 parrot species studied, significant angle dependence for seven of our eight feather JND parameters. We then measured micro-scale features on each side of feathers, including size and color of barbs and barbules, to attempt to predict interspecific variation in degree of angle-dependent reflectance. We found that barb height, plumage-color type (e.g. melanin, structural), and differences between barb-barbule coloration (measured using Euclidean distances) were the strongest predictors of angle-dependent coloration. Interestingly, there was no significant phylogenetic signal in any of the angle-dependence models tested. These findings deepen our views on the importance of microscopic feather features in the production of directional animal coloration, especially in tissues that are colored predominantly by pigments and appear to be statically colored.","PeriodicalId":55408,"journal":{"name":"Avian Biology Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"108 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1758155920963198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42053912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.1177/1758155920962750
Sayyad Sheykhi Ilanloo, A. Khani, A. Kafash, Negin Valizadegan, S. Ashrafi, F. Loercher, E. Ebrahimi, M. Yousefi
Many avian species are in danger of extinction due to anthropogenic activities and climate change. Human activities have led to eradication of many natural habitats and climate change has altered species distribution especially in mountainous habitats. In the present study, we used distribution records of a Near Threatened avian scavenger, bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) that were collected through 9 years of opportunistic observations and modeled its distribution in the Khorasane-Razavi Province in Iran. We also assessed the impacts of future climate change on the distribution of this species. Our results show that most suitable habitats for bearded vulture are in the northern regions of the Khorasan-e-Razavi province. The most important variables affecting the distribution of the bearded vulture were the annual precipitation (37.5% contribution), landcover (22% contribution), and distance to road (16.2% contribution). Our results also showed that around 80% to 91% of the species’ suitable habitats will decrease due to climate change in the future. Suitable habitats of the species that are predicted to remain suitable in the future should be prioritized for conservation. Human activities like road expansion should be avoided in areas with high suitability for this species. This study stresses the need for action to conserve this vulture in the Khorasan-e-Razavi province, and beyond its borders.
{"title":"Applying opportunistic observations to model current and future suitability of the Kopet Dagh Mountains for a Near Threatened avian scavenger","authors":"Sayyad Sheykhi Ilanloo, A. Khani, A. Kafash, Negin Valizadegan, S. Ashrafi, F. Loercher, E. Ebrahimi, M. Yousefi","doi":"10.1177/1758155920962750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1758155920962750","url":null,"abstract":"Many avian species are in danger of extinction due to anthropogenic activities and climate change. Human activities have led to eradication of many natural habitats and climate change has altered species distribution especially in mountainous habitats. In the present study, we used distribution records of a Near Threatened avian scavenger, bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) that were collected through 9 years of opportunistic observations and modeled its distribution in the Khorasane-Razavi Province in Iran. We also assessed the impacts of future climate change on the distribution of this species. Our results show that most suitable habitats for bearded vulture are in the northern regions of the Khorasan-e-Razavi province. The most important variables affecting the distribution of the bearded vulture were the annual precipitation (37.5% contribution), landcover (22% contribution), and distance to road (16.2% contribution). Our results also showed that around 80% to 91% of the species’ suitable habitats will decrease due to climate change in the future. Suitable habitats of the species that are predicted to remain suitable in the future should be prioritized for conservation. Human activities like road expansion should be avoided in areas with high suitability for this species. This study stresses the need for action to conserve this vulture in the Khorasan-e-Razavi province, and beyond its borders.","PeriodicalId":55408,"journal":{"name":"Avian Biology Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"18 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1758155920962750","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45388364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-14DOI: 10.1177/1758155920963200
Alemayehu Shiferaw, Dereje Yazezew
The diversity, distribution, and relative abundance of avifauna were studied at and Around Ansas Dam, Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia, from early September 2018 to early February 2019, covering both wet and dry seasons. Line transect technique was employed to study the diversity, abundance and distribution of birds species in the farmland site while total count employed on the dam. Data were collected in both wet and dry seasons from 6:30 to10:00 early morning and 15:30 to 18.00 late afternoon, when birds are more active. The data were analyzed with Shannon-Weiner Index, Simpson Index, Evenness Index, and relative abundance. A total of 45 bird species (35 in the dam and 22 in the farmland) belonging to nine orders and 21 families were recorded during the study period. Order Passeriformes (37.8%) followed by order Charadriformes (24.4%) were represented highest number. From all identified species at Ansas Dam and surrounding farmland, Abyssinian longclaw, Black-headed siskins, White-tailed swallow, Blue-winged goose, and Spot-breasted lapwing were endemic birds to Ethiopia. The highest Shannon diversity (H′ = 2.1) was recorded in dam during the dry season while the lowest (H′ = 1.78) was recorded during wet season in farmland. However, the Simpson diversity Index of avian species indicated relatively higher avian species diversity during the dry season in dam (D = 0.80) than farmland (D = 0.71) habitat. Evenness was highest in the dam (E = 0.65) and lowest in the farmland (E = 0.58) habitat. More avian species similarity (SI = 0.42) at farmland and dam habitat during the wet season but least similarity (SI = 0.2) was observed during the dry season. Most birds had scored rare in the ordinal scale while few species with abundant and uncommon ranks in both habitats and seasons. Conservation of the different charismatic bird species should be taken as an important component of wildlife management plan in the area.
{"title":"Diversity, distribution and relative abundance of avifauna at Ansas Dam and surrounding farmland site Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia","authors":"Alemayehu Shiferaw, Dereje Yazezew","doi":"10.1177/1758155920963200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1758155920963200","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity, distribution, and relative abundance of avifauna were studied at and Around Ansas Dam, Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia, from early September 2018 to early February 2019, covering both wet and dry seasons. Line transect technique was employed to study the diversity, abundance and distribution of birds species in the farmland site while total count employed on the dam. Data were collected in both wet and dry seasons from 6:30 to10:00 early morning and 15:30 to 18.00 late afternoon, when birds are more active. The data were analyzed with Shannon-Weiner Index, Simpson Index, Evenness Index, and relative abundance. A total of 45 bird species (35 in the dam and 22 in the farmland) belonging to nine orders and 21 families were recorded during the study period. Order Passeriformes (37.8%) followed by order Charadriformes (24.4%) were represented highest number. From all identified species at Ansas Dam and surrounding farmland, Abyssinian longclaw, Black-headed siskins, White-tailed swallow, Blue-winged goose, and Spot-breasted lapwing were endemic birds to Ethiopia. The highest Shannon diversity (H′ = 2.1) was recorded in dam during the dry season while the lowest (H′ = 1.78) was recorded during wet season in farmland. However, the Simpson diversity Index of avian species indicated relatively higher avian species diversity during the dry season in dam (D = 0.80) than farmland (D = 0.71) habitat. Evenness was highest in the dam (E = 0.65) and lowest in the farmland (E = 0.58) habitat. More avian species similarity (SI = 0.42) at farmland and dam habitat during the wet season but least similarity (SI = 0.2) was observed during the dry season. Most birds had scored rare in the ordinal scale while few species with abundant and uncommon ranks in both habitats and seasons. Conservation of the different charismatic bird species should be taken as an important component of wildlife management plan in the area.","PeriodicalId":55408,"journal":{"name":"Avian Biology Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"8 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1758155920963200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43095955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-14DOI: 10.1177/1758155920962432
L. Herrera M., Nadia Bayram, Kenneth C Welch
Animals with a slow pace of life and high mass-specific metabolic rates are expected to invest less in innate immune responses. We measured skin inflammation and the resting metabolic rate (RMR) of ruby-throated hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris) after their immune system was challenged with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and compared with the response of birds injected a saline solution. The PHA test measures the inflammatory process, a component of the innate response. Ruby-throated hummingbirds belong to a group that is under-represented in avian immunological studies characterized by a slow pace of life and fast metabolic rate. Hummingbirds developed an inflammatory response that lasted <28 h. PHA injection produced a significant increment of RMR (up to ~13%) with respect to RMR values after the injection of the saline solution indicating that immune response involved a metabolic cost for hummingbirds. This increment lies within the range of values previously reported for birds injected PHA (5%–29%).
{"title":"Metabolic cost of inflammatory response of ruby-throated hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris)","authors":"L. Herrera M., Nadia Bayram, Kenneth C Welch","doi":"10.1177/1758155920962432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1758155920962432","url":null,"abstract":"Animals with a slow pace of life and high mass-specific metabolic rates are expected to invest less in innate immune responses. We measured skin inflammation and the resting metabolic rate (RMR) of ruby-throated hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris) after their immune system was challenged with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and compared with the response of birds injected a saline solution. The PHA test measures the inflammatory process, a component of the innate response. Ruby-throated hummingbirds belong to a group that is under-represented in avian immunological studies characterized by a slow pace of life and fast metabolic rate. Hummingbirds developed an inflammatory response that lasted <28 h. PHA injection produced a significant increment of RMR (up to ~13%) with respect to RMR values after the injection of the saline solution indicating that immune response involved a metabolic cost for hummingbirds. This increment lies within the range of values previously reported for birds injected PHA (5%–29%).","PeriodicalId":55408,"journal":{"name":"Avian Biology Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"3 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1758155920962432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44385509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.1177/1758155920951763
Andrew J. Spellmeyer, C. Rogers, Mark A Schneegurt
Resource availability, particularly food, can limit the size of bird populations during the nonbreeding season. Resident and short-distance migrant birds, wintering in colder environments, should show strong effects of food limitation on winter survival. Here, we introduce a novel experiment testing for the effect of supplemental feeding on the winter survival of the Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis), a short- to medium-distance migrant in North America. Color-ringed juncos were monitored by resighting in the winters of 2011, 2012, and 2013. Winter supplemental feeding significantly increased junco survival within winters. However, it is possible that juncos not resighted underwent within-winter dispersal rather than died. Thus, in the winter of 2014, very high frequency radio transmitters were attached to 29 juncos from unsupplemented sites to ascertain the fate of birds not resighted. We found that movement beyond the study area was minimal and most juncos maintained a discrete home range. Of the radiotagged birds, 27.5% were not resighted during observation periods, but were located and confirmed alive via radiotracking. A correction factor for within-winter dispersal was applied to previous years’ data and the effect of food supplementation remained statistically significant for two of the three winters; the trend was the same, but not statistically significant during the warmest winter. The present results contribute to a developing conceptual model of migration-specific effects of winter food limitation. Dark-eyed Juncos are an iconic backyard birdfeeder species that have shown a steady population decline for decades. Supplemental feeding during the wintering period may regularly elevate population recruitment by increasing winter survival in avian species that winter in thermally challenging environments.
{"title":"Radiotracking refines the role of food supplementation on overwinter survival of the Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis)","authors":"Andrew J. Spellmeyer, C. Rogers, Mark A Schneegurt","doi":"10.1177/1758155920951763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1758155920951763","url":null,"abstract":"Resource availability, particularly food, can limit the size of bird populations during the nonbreeding season. Resident and short-distance migrant birds, wintering in colder environments, should show strong effects of food limitation on winter survival. Here, we introduce a novel experiment testing for the effect of supplemental feeding on the winter survival of the Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis), a short- to medium-distance migrant in North America. Color-ringed juncos were monitored by resighting in the winters of 2011, 2012, and 2013. Winter supplemental feeding significantly increased junco survival within winters. However, it is possible that juncos not resighted underwent within-winter dispersal rather than died. Thus, in the winter of 2014, very high frequency radio transmitters were attached to 29 juncos from unsupplemented sites to ascertain the fate of birds not resighted. We found that movement beyond the study area was minimal and most juncos maintained a discrete home range. Of the radiotagged birds, 27.5% were not resighted during observation periods, but were located and confirmed alive via radiotracking. A correction factor for within-winter dispersal was applied to previous years’ data and the effect of food supplementation remained statistically significant for two of the three winters; the trend was the same, but not statistically significant during the warmest winter. The present results contribute to a developing conceptual model of migration-specific effects of winter food limitation. Dark-eyed Juncos are an iconic backyard birdfeeder species that have shown a steady population decline for decades. Supplemental feeding during the wintering period may regularly elevate population recruitment by increasing winter survival in avian species that winter in thermally challenging environments.","PeriodicalId":55408,"journal":{"name":"Avian Biology Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"92 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1758155920951763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45655433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-14DOI: 10.1177/1758155920945842
Souad Hamitouche, Abdelouhab Bouchareb, A. Bougaham
The Algerian Nuthatch (Sitta ledanti) is the only endemic bird species in Algeria. It is located in the Kabylia of Babors (north-eastern Algeria). It is classified as an endangered species by IUCN and its populations are decreasing. In this study, we are interested in the inventory of the number of Sitta ledanti’s individuals in the Tamentout forest, carried out by the EFP method along line-transect, during the 2019’s breeding period. It turned out that this forest contains the largest population ever recorded. It is estimated at 187 individuals for an area of 9688 ha. The Tamentout forest is under severe human pressure from adjoining houses, including illegal logging and overgrazing, causing disturbance of the Algerian Nuthatch’s habitat and reduction of its distribution area.
{"title":"Status and distribution of the Algerian Nuthatch’s population (Sitta ledanti Vielliard, 1976) in the Tamentout forest (north-eastern Algeria)","authors":"Souad Hamitouche, Abdelouhab Bouchareb, A. Bougaham","doi":"10.1177/1758155920945842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1758155920945842","url":null,"abstract":"The Algerian Nuthatch (Sitta ledanti) is the only endemic bird species in Algeria. It is located in the Kabylia of Babors (north-eastern Algeria). It is classified as an endangered species by IUCN and its populations are decreasing. In this study, we are interested in the inventory of the number of Sitta ledanti’s individuals in the Tamentout forest, carried out by the EFP method along line-transect, during the 2019’s breeding period. It turned out that this forest contains the largest population ever recorded. It is estimated at 187 individuals for an area of 9688 ha. The Tamentout forest is under severe human pressure from adjoining houses, including illegal logging and overgrazing, causing disturbance of the Algerian Nuthatch’s habitat and reduction of its distribution area.","PeriodicalId":55408,"journal":{"name":"Avian Biology Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"81 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1758155920945842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41973718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.1177/1758155920943116
Iván Alambiaga, E. Álvarez, David Diez‐Méndez, J. Verdejo, E. Barba
Evolutionary selection pressures, and species-specific ecology and behavior, promote a great variability in the size and composition of nests. However, it would be expected that phylogenetically close species, with similar ecological needs, breeding at the same time in the same place, would also build similar nests. In contrast with this, previous studies have found differences in nest mass and composition among closely related sympatric species. These differences have been attributed to small differences in body size (smaller species building larger and/or more insulated nests), or to the different ways in which species perceive the environment (e.g. perceived predation risk). In this study, for the first time, we searched for differences between nest mass, composition, and importance of the different functional parts of the nest between Blue (Cyanistes caeruleus), Great (Parus major) and Coal tits (Periparus ater) breeding under the same conditions. We found that smaller species built larger nests and/or include more thermoregulatory materials, probably having greater insulating capacity, which agrees with previous hypotheses. In particular, Blue Tits made greater use of bark, feathers and vegetable fiber, while Great Tits used wild boar hair in greater proportions. In addition, for the first time, we described in detail the nest composition of Coal Tits, which contained large amounts of fluff compared to the other two species. All these results are in line with previous hypothesis linking nest size and composition to the size of the birds, and the existence of species-specific characteristics in the selection of materials for nest building.
{"title":"“The tale of the three little tits”: Different nest building solutions under the same environmental pressures","authors":"Iván Alambiaga, E. Álvarez, David Diez‐Méndez, J. Verdejo, E. Barba","doi":"10.1177/1758155920943116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1758155920943116","url":null,"abstract":"Evolutionary selection pressures, and species-specific ecology and behavior, promote a great variability in the size and composition of nests. However, it would be expected that phylogenetically close species, with similar ecological needs, breeding at the same time in the same place, would also build similar nests. In contrast with this, previous studies have found differences in nest mass and composition among closely related sympatric species. These differences have been attributed to small differences in body size (smaller species building larger and/or more insulated nests), or to the different ways in which species perceive the environment (e.g. perceived predation risk). In this study, for the first time, we searched for differences between nest mass, composition, and importance of the different functional parts of the nest between Blue (Cyanistes caeruleus), Great (Parus major) and Coal tits (Periparus ater) breeding under the same conditions. We found that smaller species built larger nests and/or include more thermoregulatory materials, probably having greater insulating capacity, which agrees with previous hypotheses. In particular, Blue Tits made greater use of bark, feathers and vegetable fiber, while Great Tits used wild boar hair in greater proportions. In addition, for the first time, we described in detail the nest composition of Coal Tits, which contained large amounts of fluff compared to the other two species. All these results are in line with previous hypothesis linking nest size and composition to the size of the birds, and the existence of species-specific characteristics in the selection of materials for nest building.","PeriodicalId":55408,"journal":{"name":"Avian Biology Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"49 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1758155920943116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48609132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.1177/1758155920943005
Bo Zhou, Changzhang Feng, W. Liang
The quality of breeding habitat may directly affect the survival and development of progeny. Therefore, the selection of a suitable nest-site is an important factor affecting the reproductive success of birds. The most important reason for a bird’s reproductive failure is nest predation. Predation may cause birds to change their nest-sites and even nest morphology. Here we investigated the nest-site characteristics by long-tailed broadbills (Psarisomus dalhousiae) in Nonggang, Guangxi, southwestern China. Our results showed that long-tailed broadbills in Nonggang mainly build their nests on power lines (88.5%) and nest-site selection was mainly affected by predation pressure and food resources. At the same time, nest-site concealment was trade-off against predator avoidance. This anti-predator strategy effectively utilizes human infrastructure.
{"title":"Nests built on power lines: Nest-site selection by long-tailed broadbills (Psarisomus dalhousiae) in Nonggang of Guangxi, China","authors":"Bo Zhou, Changzhang Feng, W. Liang","doi":"10.1177/1758155920943005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1758155920943005","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of breeding habitat may directly affect the survival and development of progeny. Therefore, the selection of a suitable nest-site is an important factor affecting the reproductive success of birds. The most important reason for a bird’s reproductive failure is nest predation. Predation may cause birds to change their nest-sites and even nest morphology. Here we investigated the nest-site characteristics by long-tailed broadbills (Psarisomus dalhousiae) in Nonggang, Guangxi, southwestern China. Our results showed that long-tailed broadbills in Nonggang mainly build their nests on power lines (88.5%) and nest-site selection was mainly affected by predation pressure and food resources. At the same time, nest-site concealment was trade-off against predator avoidance. This anti-predator strategy effectively utilizes human infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":55408,"journal":{"name":"Avian Biology Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"63 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1758155920943005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65573238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.1177/1758155920943091
S. Simonov, M. Matantseva
The analysis of bird nest parameters is often constrained by the traditional linear measurements. The shape of every nest is unique, and conventional measurements cannot describe all spatial characteristic of these three-dimensional structures. In this study, we used 3D scanning to obtain three-dimensional images of nests and estimate their parameters and compared the results with the values obtained by the linear measurement-based approach. The 3D scanning-based method involves minimal nest deformation, ensures determination of its volume and shape with higher precision than traditional measurements and, finally, can be applied to different types of nests, including asymmetrical ones.
{"title":"3D scanning as a powerful tool for the analysis of bird nests","authors":"S. Simonov, M. Matantseva","doi":"10.1177/1758155920943091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1758155920943091","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of bird nest parameters is often constrained by the traditional linear measurements. The shape of every nest is unique, and conventional measurements cannot describe all spatial characteristic of these three-dimensional structures. In this study, we used 3D scanning to obtain three-dimensional images of nests and estimate their parameters and compared the results with the values obtained by the linear measurement-based approach. The 3D scanning-based method involves minimal nest deformation, ensures determination of its volume and shape with higher precision than traditional measurements and, finally, can be applied to different types of nests, including asymmetrical ones.","PeriodicalId":55408,"journal":{"name":"Avian Biology Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"57 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1758155920943091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42600093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-02DOI: 10.1177/1758155920921075
B. A. Pires, Ana Belo, F. Diamantino, J. Rabaça, S. Merino
Some passerines incorporate aromatic plants in their nest cups, and several hypotheses have been formulated to explain this behaviour. One of those, the Drug Hypothesis, states that aromatic plants present in nests have positive effects on nestlings’ development through increased immune function. In this study, we aimed to examine if experimental addition of aromatic plants had positive effects on reproductive performance (the number of fledglings produced and nestling survival rate) and nestling development (weight and tarsus length). In addition, we study whether those potential effects were more noticeable in different brood sizes–small and large–through an observational approach. We expect that large broods, due to increased resource competition between nestlings, will benefit more from aromatic plant incorporation, as compared to small broods. Nestlings were significantly heavier in 2015 as compared to 2016 and 2017 and in small broods. No effect of treatment was observed in nestling weight. Although there was no overall effect of treatment on nestling tarsus length, nestlings from aromatic nests had significantly longer tarsi as compared to nestlings from control nests, in large broods.
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