Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.24425/ams.2023.148153
Katarzyna Kozieł, NorbErt SkoczylAS
rock and gas outburst is a phenomenon in which fragmented rock material is transported deep into a pit. the transport of rock material by gas is a two-phase process. the article deals with the fluidisation of rock material. considerations on the fluidisation phenomenon were carried out, and experiments were performed to help clarify whether the fluidisation of dolomite is possible. In the last chapter, a discussion was carried out, and the results obtained were analysed regarding the possibility of occurrence in mine conditions.
{"title":"Rock Transport after an Outburst and the Fluidisation Phenomenon – Can it Occur during a Dolomite and Gas Outburst?","authors":"Katarzyna Kozieł, NorbErt SkoczylAS","doi":"10.24425/ams.2023.148153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ams.2023.148153","url":null,"abstract":"rock and gas outburst is a phenomenon in which fragmented rock material is transported deep into a pit. the transport of rock material by gas is a two-phase process. the article deals with the fluidisation of rock material. considerations on the fluidisation phenomenon were carried out, and experiments were performed to help clarify whether the fluidisation of dolomite is possible. In the last chapter, a discussion was carried out, and the results obtained were analysed regarding the possibility of occurrence in mine conditions.","PeriodicalId":55468,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mining Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.24425/ams.2023.148158
A. Pytlik, MAriuSz Szot
the conduction of mining activity under the conditions of rock bursts and rock mass tremors means that designers often utilise support systems comprising various configurations of steel arch, rock bolt and surface support. Particularly difficult geological and mining conditions, when wire mesh does not provide sufficient dynamic resistance, it requires an additional reinforcement with wire rope lacing in the form of steel ropes installed between the bolt ends and fixed to them by means of various rope clamps (e.g. u-bolt clamps). Bench tests were conducted to compare the strength of wire ropes under static and dynamic loading. the tests involved wire ropes with an internal diameter of Ø15.7 mm. tests under static loading demonstrated that the cable bolts transferred a maximum force F s max = 289.0 kn without failure, while the energy absorbed until failure was E 1 s = 16.6 kj. A comparative test result analysis for the wire ropes used in the bolt designs revealed that the influence of dynamic loading forces has a significant effect on reducing the rope load capacity, which results in the brittle cracking of the wires in the rope. Although the average dynamic force leading to wire rope failure F d max = 279.1 kn is comparable to the minimum static force F min = 279 kn defined in the relevant standard, the average energy E 1 d absorbed by the cable bolt until failure is 48% lower than the energy E 1 s determined for wire rope failure under static loading. Furthermore, cable bolt failure under dynamic loading occurred at an impact velocity of the combined ram and crosshead masses ranging within v p = 1.4-1.5 m/s.
在岩爆和岩体震颤条件下进行采矿活动，意味着设计人员经常使用由各种钢拱架、锚杆和表面支撑组成的支撑系统。在地质和采矿条件特别恶劣的情况下，当钢丝网不能提供足够的动态阻力时，就需要用钢丝绳绑扎的方式进行额外加固，钢丝绳绑扎的形式是安装在螺栓端部之间，并用各种绳夹固定（如 U 型螺栓夹）。进行了台架试验，以比较钢丝绳在静态和动态载荷下的强度。试验涉及内径为 Ø15.7 mm 的钢丝绳。静态载荷下的试验表明，缆索螺栓传递的最大力 F s max = 289.0 kn 没有发生故障，而直到故障为止所吸收的能量为 E 1 s = 16.6 kj。对螺栓设计中使用的钢丝绳进行的对比测试结果分析表明，动态载荷力对降低钢丝绳承载能力有显著影响，从而导致钢丝绳中的钢丝脆裂。虽然导致钢丝绳失效的平均动态力 F d max = 279.1 kn 与相关标准中规定的最小静态力 F min = 279 kn 相当，但缆索螺栓在失效前吸收的平均能量 E 1 d 比静态载荷下钢丝绳失效时测定的能量 E 1 s 低 48%。此外，缆索螺栓在动态载荷下失效时，撞锤和十字头质量的冲击速度在 v p = 1.4-1.5 m/s 之间。
{"title":"Comparative Testing of Cable Bolt and Wire Rope Lacing Resistance to Static and Dynamic Loads","authors":"A. Pytlik, MAriuSz Szot","doi":"10.24425/ams.2023.148158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ams.2023.148158","url":null,"abstract":"the conduction of mining activity under the conditions of rock bursts and rock mass tremors means that designers often utilise support systems comprising various configurations of steel arch, rock bolt and surface support. Particularly difficult geological and mining conditions, when wire mesh does not provide sufficient dynamic resistance, it requires an additional reinforcement with wire rope lacing in the form of steel ropes installed between the bolt ends and fixed to them by means of various rope clamps (e.g. u-bolt clamps). Bench tests were conducted to compare the strength of wire ropes under static and dynamic loading. the tests involved wire ropes with an internal diameter of Ø15.7 mm. tests under static loading demonstrated that the cable bolts transferred a maximum force F s max = 289.0 kn without failure, while the energy absorbed until failure was E 1 s = 16.6 kj. A comparative test result analysis for the wire ropes used in the bolt designs revealed that the influence of dynamic loading forces has a significant effect on reducing the rope load capacity, which results in the brittle cracking of the wires in the rope. Although the average dynamic force leading to wire rope failure F d max = 279.1 kn is comparable to the minimum static force F min = 279 kn defined in the relevant standard, the average energy E 1 d absorbed by the cable bolt until failure is 48% lower than the energy E 1 s determined for wire rope failure under static loading. Furthermore, cable bolt failure under dynamic loading occurred at an impact velocity of the combined ram and crosshead masses ranging within v p = 1.4-1.5 m/s.","PeriodicalId":55468,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mining Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.24425/ams.2023.148157
Sudhir KuMAr Singh, ChAKrA vArty
this study rigorously examines the pressing issue of dump slope stability in indian opencast coal mines, a problem that has led to significant safety incidents and operational hindrances. Employing machine learning algorithms such as random Forest (rF), k-nearest neighbors (Knn), Support vector Machine (SvM), Logistic regression (Lr), decision tree (dt), and gaussian naive bayes (gnb), the study aims to achieve a scientific goal of predictive accuracy for slope stability under various environmental and operational conditions. Promising accuracies were attained, notably with rF (0.98), SvM (0.98), and dt (0.97). to address the class imbalance issue, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling technique (SMOtE) was implemented, resulting in improved model performance. Furthermore, this study introduced a novel feature importance technique to identify critical factors affecting dump slope stability, offering new insights into the mechanisms leading to slope failures. these findings have significant implications for enhancing safety measures and operational efficiency in opencast mines, not only in india but potentially globally.
{"title":"Efficient and Reliable Prediction of Dump Slope Stability in Mines using Machine Learning: An in-depth Feature Importance Analysis","authors":"Sudhir KuMAr Singh, ChAKrA vArty","doi":"10.24425/ams.2023.148157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ams.2023.148157","url":null,"abstract":"this study rigorously examines the pressing issue of dump slope stability in indian opencast coal mines, a problem that has led to significant safety incidents and operational hindrances. Employing machine learning algorithms such as random Forest (rF), k-nearest neighbors (Knn), Support vector Machine (SvM), Logistic regression (Lr), decision tree (dt), and gaussian naive bayes (gnb), the study aims to achieve a scientific goal of predictive accuracy for slope stability under various environmental and operational conditions. Promising accuracies were attained, notably with rF (0.98), SvM (0.98), and dt (0.97). to address the class imbalance issue, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling technique (SMOtE) was implemented, resulting in improved model performance. Furthermore, this study introduced a novel feature importance technique to identify critical factors affecting dump slope stability, offering new insights into the mechanisms leading to slope failures. these findings have significant implications for enhancing safety measures and operational efficiency in opencast mines, not only in india but potentially globally.","PeriodicalId":55468,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mining Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138963083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.24425/ams.2023.148152
GiAnG VAn nGuyEn, DunG QuAnG nGuyEn, LE ThAnhnGoc
cam Mountain in An Giang Province, Vietnam, is a granite peak that is severely fractured and eroded on its slopes and summit. Trees cover the top of the mountain and around the side of the mountain. The roads are the primary means of transportation for indigenous people and tourists daily. Recently, there has been a phenomenon of large-sized boulders rolling down from the top of the mountain, causing an accident and killing tourists. To investigate the internal causes of landslides on a 2.3 km road stretch, geophysical profiles using GPR and seismic refraction methods were conducted to clarify the current status of geological structures beneath the road surface. The refractive seismic data analysis revealed four distinct layers based on elastic wave propagation velocity. Velocity values range from 1000 to 3000 m/s for the 2 upper layers corresponding to the weathered, broken, and highly fractured rock layers and in the lower 2 layers from 3000 to more than 4500 m/s, respectively corresponding to less fractured rock on the depth of more than 50 m. According to GPR data, the structural cross-section to an average depth of 30 m is a more complex picture. Detected 6 layers with different degrees of fracture cracking and showing different structural zones. in a few places are the drainage creeks from the mountain. These places need to be monitored regularly to have a basis for predicting landslides and rockfalls in the area of cam Mountain. Landslides occur in geological rocks which are of different ages: claystone, mudstone, siltstone, shale, or marlstone. The rock-falls occur in more compact rocks: metamorphic or igneous rocks.
{"title":"Landslide Survey at Cam Mountain (An Giang, Vietnam) by Seismic Refraction and GPR Methods","authors":"GiAnG VAn nGuyEn, DunG QuAnG nGuyEn, LE ThAnhnGoc","doi":"10.24425/ams.2023.148152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ams.2023.148152","url":null,"abstract":"cam Mountain in An Giang Province, Vietnam, is a granite peak that is severely fractured and eroded on its slopes and summit. Trees cover the top of the mountain and around the side of the mountain. The roads are the primary means of transportation for indigenous people and tourists daily. Recently, there has been a phenomenon of large-sized boulders rolling down from the top of the mountain, causing an accident and killing tourists. To investigate the internal causes of landslides on a 2.3 km road stretch, geophysical profiles using GPR and seismic refraction methods were conducted to clarify the current status of geological structures beneath the road surface. The refractive seismic data analysis revealed four distinct layers based on elastic wave propagation velocity. Velocity values range from 1000 to 3000 m/s for the 2 upper layers corresponding to the weathered, broken, and highly fractured rock layers and in the lower 2 layers from 3000 to more than 4500 m/s, respectively corresponding to less fractured rock on the depth of more than 50 m. According to GPR data, the structural cross-section to an average depth of 30 m is a more complex picture. Detected 6 layers with different degrees of fracture cracking and showing different structural zones. in a few places are the drainage creeks from the mountain. These places need to be monitored regularly to have a basis for predicting landslides and rockfalls in the area of cam Mountain. Landslides occur in geological rocks which are of different ages: claystone, mudstone, siltstone, shale, or marlstone. The rock-falls occur in more compact rocks: metamorphic or igneous rocks.","PeriodicalId":55468,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mining Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.24425/ams.2023.148156
WEidong Yu
in-situ thermal upgrading modification technology is of great significance to lignite utilisation cleanly. it is an extremely complex multi-field coupling process. Therefore, it is necessary to study the physical properties of lignite under the thermo-mechanical coupling function. in this paper, the lignite pore evolution characteristics under thermal-mechanical co-function have been obtained at different scales based on experimental results. The mechanisms also have been deeply studied. The results indicated that lignite total porosity first increased and then decreased as the temperature increased from 23°C to 400°C under the triaxial stress of 7 MPa. The maximum value of 21.64% for the total porosity of lignite was observed at 200°C. Macropores were dominant when the temperature was lower than 100°C, while visible pores were dominant when at temperatures ranging from 100~400°C. The thermal weight loss and deformation characteristics of lignite were further studied using a thermal-mechanical testing platform. The weight loss and deformation process could be divided into three stages, namely the slow, rapid, and relatively slow stages. After being continuously pyrolysed for 5 hours at a temperature of 400°C, the maximum weight loss rate of lignite was 52.38%, the maximum axial linear strain was 11.12%, and the maximum irrecoverable radial strain was 18.79%. The maximum axial thermal deformation coefficient of lignite was −2.63×10 −4 ℃ −1 at a temperature of 289°C. Macro-deformation and component loss were the main mechanisms of lignite structure evolution.
{"title":"Experimental Study of Lignite Structure Evolution Characteristics and Mechanisms under Thermal-Mechanical Co-function","authors":"WEidong Yu","doi":"10.24425/ams.2023.148156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ams.2023.148156","url":null,"abstract":"in-situ thermal upgrading modification technology is of great significance to lignite utilisation cleanly. it is an extremely complex multi-field coupling process. Therefore, it is necessary to study the physical properties of lignite under the thermo-mechanical coupling function. in this paper, the lignite pore evolution characteristics under thermal-mechanical co-function have been obtained at different scales based on experimental results. The mechanisms also have been deeply studied. The results indicated that lignite total porosity first increased and then decreased as the temperature increased from 23°C to 400°C under the triaxial stress of 7 MPa. The maximum value of 21.64% for the total porosity of lignite was observed at 200°C. Macropores were dominant when the temperature was lower than 100°C, while visible pores were dominant when at temperatures ranging from 100~400°C. The thermal weight loss and deformation characteristics of lignite were further studied using a thermal-mechanical testing platform. The weight loss and deformation process could be divided into three stages, namely the slow, rapid, and relatively slow stages. After being continuously pyrolysed for 5 hours at a temperature of 400°C, the maximum weight loss rate of lignite was 52.38%, the maximum axial linear strain was 11.12%, and the maximum irrecoverable radial strain was 18.79%. The maximum axial thermal deformation coefficient of lignite was −2.63×10 −4 ℃ −1 at a temperature of 289°C. Macro-deformation and component loss were the main mechanisms of lignite structure evolution.","PeriodicalId":55468,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mining Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.24425/ams.2023.148154
Phu Minh, Vuong nguyEn, Piotr LitwA, MArEk PrzybyLSki
Coal mining tends to face increasing stress and gas conditions when it extends to deeper levels. the mining-induced high stress and gas pressure concentrations often result in gasogeodynamic phenomena such as rock bursts and coal & gas outbursts. over the last decades, these gasogeodynamic events have been observed more often in the upper Silesian Coal basin, Poland. with the increasing mining depth, these hazards not only become a serious safety risk but also represent a significant challenge for coal mining. in order to eliminate future hazards and improve safety in underground coal mines, it is necessary to apply particular methods for the prevention and mitigation of possible hazards during mining operations. inaction or incorrect use of preventive measures may lead to gasogeodynamic events, which may result in accidents and material losses, thereby affecting the mine’s economic performance. Several coal mines operated by Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa S.A. (JSW group), such as Pniówek, Budryk and Zofiówka coal mines have been identified as the area most prone to rock bursts as well as coal and gas outburst. generally, the longwall panels often experience a high degree of these mining hazards. therefore, the main aim of this research is to examine and optimise the possibility of application of prevention methods in order to reduce the frequency and scale of dangerous gasogeodynamic phenomena such as coal and gas outburst. As a main part, the field testing of the selected preventive methods that were conducted in the JSw coal mines. based on the obtained results, the possibility of application of an optimal method for the prevention and control of coal and gas outburst in the geo-mining conditions of the JSw coal mines was discussed. the research results could be an example for other coal mines in mine planning and designing in the gasogeodynamic (coal and gas outburst) hazard-prone conditions
{"title":"Field Testing of the Methods for Prevention and Control of Coal and Gas Outburst – A Case Study in Poland","authors":"Phu Minh, Vuong nguyEn, Piotr LitwA, MArEk PrzybyLSki","doi":"10.24425/ams.2023.148154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ams.2023.148154","url":null,"abstract":"Coal mining tends to face increasing stress and gas conditions when it extends to deeper levels. the mining-induced high stress and gas pressure concentrations often result in gasogeodynamic phenomena such as rock bursts and coal & gas outbursts. over the last decades, these gasogeodynamic events have been observed more often in the upper Silesian Coal basin, Poland. with the increasing mining depth, these hazards not only become a serious safety risk but also represent a significant challenge for coal mining. in order to eliminate future hazards and improve safety in underground coal mines, it is necessary to apply particular methods for the prevention and mitigation of possible hazards during mining operations. inaction or incorrect use of preventive measures may lead to gasogeodynamic events, which may result in accidents and material losses, thereby affecting the mine’s economic performance. Several coal mines operated by Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa S.A. (JSW group), such as Pniówek, Budryk and Zofiówka coal mines have been identified as the area most prone to rock bursts as well as coal and gas outburst. generally, the longwall panels often experience a high degree of these mining hazards. therefore, the main aim of this research is to examine and optimise the possibility of application of prevention methods in order to reduce the frequency and scale of dangerous gasogeodynamic phenomena such as coal and gas outburst. As a main part, the field testing of the selected preventive methods that were conducted in the JSw coal mines. based on the obtained results, the possibility of application of an optimal method for the prevention and control of coal and gas outburst in the geo-mining conditions of the JSw coal mines was discussed. the research results could be an example for other coal mines in mine planning and designing in the gasogeodynamic (coal and gas outburst) hazard-prone conditions","PeriodicalId":55468,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mining Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.24425/ams.2023.148150
{"title":"Experimental Study on the Slime Flotation Process of Low-Rank Steam Coal by the Small Cone Angle Hydrocyclone Group","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ams.2023.148150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ams.2023.148150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55468,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mining Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.24425/ams.2023.148155
Przemysław Fiołek, Jacek Jakubowski
shaft steelwork is a component of critical infrastructure in underground mines. it connects the min - ing areas to the surface and enables the transport of personnel, equipment, and raw materials. its failure or malfunction poses a threat to people and causes economic losses. Shaft steelwork is an exceptional engineering structure exposed to dynamic loads from large masses moving at high speeds and is subject to intensive deterioration resulting from corrosion and geological or mining-induced deformations. These issues cause shaft steelwork to be subject to high structural safety requirements, design oversizing, demanding maintenance procedures, and costly replacement of corroded members. The importance and unique working conditions of shaft steelwork create practical design and maintenance problems that are of interest to engineers and scientists. This paper reviews publications on the structural safety of rigid shaft steelwork and summarises the range of research from the detection of guide rail failures through the assessment of load effects and guide resistance, to the evaluation of structural reliability. The effects of guide rail failures on guiding forces, models of the conveyance-steelwork interaction, the load-carrying capacity of shaft steelwork under advanced corrosion, and the probabilistic assessment of structural reliability are presented. Significant advances in understanding the mechanical behaviour of shaft steelwork and assessing its properties have been reported. This review summarises the current state of research on shaft steelwork structural safety and highlights key future development directions.
{"title":"Structural Safety Assessment of Shaft Steelwork – A Review","authors":"Przemysław Fiołek, Jacek Jakubowski","doi":"10.24425/ams.2023.148155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ams.2023.148155","url":null,"abstract":"shaft steelwork is a component of critical infrastructure in underground mines. it connects the min - ing areas to the surface and enables the transport of personnel, equipment, and raw materials. its failure or malfunction poses a threat to people and causes economic losses. Shaft steelwork is an exceptional engineering structure exposed to dynamic loads from large masses moving at high speeds and is subject to intensive deterioration resulting from corrosion and geological or mining-induced deformations. These issues cause shaft steelwork to be subject to high structural safety requirements, design oversizing, demanding maintenance procedures, and costly replacement of corroded members. The importance and unique working conditions of shaft steelwork create practical design and maintenance problems that are of interest to engineers and scientists. This paper reviews publications on the structural safety of rigid shaft steelwork and summarises the range of research from the detection of guide rail failures through the assessment of load effects and guide resistance, to the evaluation of structural reliability. The effects of guide rail failures on guiding forces, models of the conveyance-steelwork interaction, the load-carrying capacity of shaft steelwork under advanced corrosion, and the probabilistic assessment of structural reliability are presented. Significant advances in understanding the mechanical behaviour of shaft steelwork and assessing its properties have been reported. This review summarises the current state of research on shaft steelwork structural safety and highlights key future development directions.","PeriodicalId":55468,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mining Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.24425/ams.2023.148151
RubEn AlcAldE MARtín, I. Diego, cESAR cAStAñón, tERESA AlonSo
grade control is crucial for ensuring that the quality of extracted ore aligns with the geological model and mining plan. this process optimises production, reduces dilution, and maximises profits. It involves geological modelling, sampling, assaying, and data analysis. However, adhering to short-term planning in mining operations can be challenging due to operational bottlenecks that arise during the grade control process and blast design, along with their associated costs. Industry standards for grade control require acquiring extensive information and knowledge to achieve a high level of certainty, which takes time. despite that, time constraints may necessitate making decisions under risk with incomplete information. In such cases, it is important to consider the opportunities, risks, likelihood, consequences, and potential success associated with each alternative. this study presents the testing results of alternative quantitative analytical methods on samples from the barruecopardo tungsten deposit in Spain. Spectrometric techniques, including delayed gamma neutron Activation Analysis (dgnAA), laser-induced breakdown Spectroscopy (lIbS), and Field Portable X-ray Fluorescence (FPXRF), were employed to determine the tungsten content. based on the findings of this investigation, a real-time decision-making tool for grade control in open-pit mining has been developed. this tool utilises representative samples directly from the blasting debris, considering the inherent risks and uncertainties associated with the process.
品位控制对于确保开采出的矿石质量与地质模型和采矿计划相一致至关重要。这涉及地质建模、取样、化验和数据分析。然而，由于在品位控制过程和爆破设计中出现的操作瓶颈及其相关成本，在采矿作业中坚持短期规划可能具有挑战性。品位控制的行业标准要求获取广泛的信息和知识，以达到较高的确定性，这需要时间。尽管如此，由于时间限制，可能需要在信息不完整的情况下做出风险决策。在这种情况下，重要的是考虑与每种替代方法相关的机会、风险、可能性、后果和潜在的成功。本研究介绍了替代定量分析方法对西班牙巴鲁科帕多（barruecopardo）钨矿床样品的测试结果。采用了包括延迟伽马中子活化分析 (dgnAA)、激光诱导击穿光谱分析 (lIbS) 和现场便携式 X 射线荧光分析 (FPXRF) 在内的光谱技术来确定钨的含量。根据这项调查的结果，开发了一种用于露天采矿品位控制的实时决策工具。
{"title":"A Grade Control Method without Sampling Preparation Based on Spectrometric Techniques and the Use of Electronic Detonators in an Open Pit Tungsten Deposit","authors":"RubEn AlcAldE MARtín, I. Diego, cESAR cAStAñón, tERESA AlonSo","doi":"10.24425/ams.2023.148151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ams.2023.148151","url":null,"abstract":"grade control is crucial for ensuring that the quality of extracted ore aligns with the geological model and mining plan. this process optimises production, reduces dilution, and maximises profits. It involves geological modelling, sampling, assaying, and data analysis. However, adhering to short-term planning in mining operations can be challenging due to operational bottlenecks that arise during the grade control process and blast design, along with their associated costs. Industry standards for grade control require acquiring extensive information and knowledge to achieve a high level of certainty, which takes time. despite that, time constraints may necessitate making decisions under risk with incomplete information. In such cases, it is important to consider the opportunities, risks, likelihood, consequences, and potential success associated with each alternative. this study presents the testing results of alternative quantitative analytical methods on samples from the barruecopardo tungsten deposit in Spain. Spectrometric techniques, including delayed gamma neutron Activation Analysis (dgnAA), laser-induced breakdown Spectroscopy (lIbS), and Field Portable X-ray Fluorescence (FPXRF), were employed to determine the tungsten content. based on the findings of this investigation, a real-time decision-making tool for grade control in open-pit mining has been developed. this tool utilises representative samples directly from the blasting debris, considering the inherent risks and uncertainties associated with the process.","PeriodicalId":55468,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mining Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/ams.2020.134132
This article focuses on the difficulties in ensuring longwall stability resulting from the wrong geometric form of the structure of powered support sections. The authors proved, based on the in-situ measurements and numerical calculations, that proper cooperation of the support with the rock mass requires correct determination of the support point for the hydraulic legs along the length of the canopy (ratio), as well as the inclination of the shield support of the section of the powered roof support. The lack of these two fundamental elements may lead to roof drops that directly impact the production results and safety of the people working underground. Another matter arising from the incorrect geometric form of the construction are the values of forces created in the node connecting the canopy with the caving shield, which can make a major contribution to limit the practical range of the operational height of the powered roof support (due to interaction of powered support with rockmass) in terms of the operating range offered by the manufacturer of the powered support. The operating of the powered roof support in some height ranges may hinder, or even in certain cases prevent, the operator of powered support, moving the shields and placing them with the proper geometry (ensuring parallelism between the canopy and the floor bases of the section).
{"title":"The Influence of the Geometrical Construction of the Powered Roof Support on the Loss of a Longwall Working Stability Based on the Practical Experience","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ams.2020.134132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ams.2020.134132","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the difficulties in ensuring longwall stability resulting from the wrong geometric form of the structure of powered support sections. The authors proved, based on the in-situ measurements and numerical calculations, that proper cooperation of the support with the rock mass requires correct determination of the support point for the hydraulic legs along the length of the canopy (ratio), as well as the inclination of the shield support of the section of the powered roof support. The lack of these two fundamental elements may lead to roof drops that directly impact the production results and safety of the people working underground. Another matter arising from the incorrect geometric form of the construction are the values of forces created in the node connecting the canopy with the caving shield, which can make a major contribution to limit the practical range of the operational height of the powered roof support (due to interaction of powered support with rockmass) in terms of the operating range offered by the manufacturer of the powered support. The operating of the powered roof support in some height ranges may hinder, or even in certain cases prevent, the operator of powered support, moving the shields and placing them with the proper geometry (ensuring parallelism between the canopy and the floor bases of the section).","PeriodicalId":55468,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mining Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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