Charlotte M. Taylor, Roy E. Gereau, W. D. Stevens, Sven Buerki, Olga Martha Montiel, Sharon Christoph
In memory of Dr. Christopher Davidson
为了纪念克里斯托弗·戴维森博士
{"title":"In Memoriam: Chris Davidson (1944–2022), the Idaho Botanist Who Botanized the World","authors":"Charlotte M. Taylor, Roy E. Gereau, W. D. Stevens, Sven Buerki, Olga Martha Montiel, Sharon Christoph","doi":"10.3417/2023858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2023858","url":null,"abstract":"In memory of Dr. Christopher Davidson","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135413208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although professionally better known for his work on North American cactus, grapes and wine formed the longer and arguably more culturally important thread of U.S. botanist George Engelmann’s (1809–1884) career. Through new and comprehensive use of Engelmann’s personal papers, letters, and informal daily correspondence housed at the Missouri Botanical Garden, this essay offers a reappraisal of the botanist’s place in the history of grape science, the international wine industry, and the late 19th-century phylloxera crisis, as well as the use of wine in his medical practice in St. Louis. Engelmann’s work on Vitis L. illustrates that he served as the hub of a wide wheel of scientific inquiry, positioning U.S. botanists as experts for prestigious international audiences. His contributions in three related arenas—botanical discovery and naming of Vitis species, service to the wine industry, and as a physician attending to St. Louis families’ health by prescribing wine—were all crucial facets of U.S. national expansion. Like many other wine enthusiasts, Engelmann and his adopted countrymen were interested in defining U.S. viticulture and the nation itself as projects concerned with both wild, resilient native stock and cultivated refinement.
{"title":"Vitis, Wine, and Medicine: The Other Careers of George Engelmann (1809–1884)","authors":"Erica Hannickel","doi":"10.3417/2023812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2023812","url":null,"abstract":"Although professionally better known for his work on North American cactus, grapes and wine formed the longer and arguably more culturally important thread of U.S. botanist George Engelmann’s (1809–1884) career. Through new and comprehensive use of Engelmann’s personal papers, letters, and informal daily correspondence housed at the Missouri Botanical Garden, this essay offers a reappraisal of the botanist’s place in the history of grape science, the international wine industry, and the late 19th-century phylloxera crisis, as well as the use of wine in his medical practice in St. Louis. Engelmann’s work on Vitis L. illustrates that he served as the hub of a wide wheel of scientific inquiry, positioning U.S. botanists as experts for prestigious international audiences. His contributions in three related arenas—botanical discovery and naming of Vitis species, service to the wine industry, and as a physician attending to St. Louis families’ health by prescribing wine—were all crucial facets of U.S. national expansion. Like many other wine enthusiasts, Engelmann and his adopted countrymen were interested in defining U.S. viticulture and the nation itself as projects concerned with both wild, resilient native stock and cultivated refinement.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a taxonomic revision of Serpocaulon A. R. Sm. (Polypodiaceae), a tropical American fern genus. Our work is based on a morphological analysis of 56 characters recorded from 2167 specimens deposited in 41 herbaria. Field trips were carried out in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru, where observations on the habit and habitat of several species were made. Digital images were also consulted. A total of 260 names were found and their nomenclatural types were studied, resulting in the lectotypification of 47 names (first-step 30, second-step 17 names). We recognize 37 species and five hybrids in Serpocaulon; one of the hybrids is given a new status (S. ×semipinnatifidum (Fée) A. R. Sm.) and another one is described (S. ×tabuleirense D. Sanín & Salino). Moreover, 19 names are newly synonymized, five species are excluded, 17 names are considered as of uncertain application, and five as nomina nuda. We document for 22 species a total of 62 chorological novelties in different countries. The elevational range of the genus is 0–4200 m. The Andes of Ecuador and Colombia are the main center of diversity and endemism; secondarily, the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil has five endemic species. We provide a taxonomic key, descriptions, discussions, local names, uses, illustrations, photographs of the plants in the field, microphotographs of the rhizome scales and the spores, and distribution maps of all species.
本文提出了一种Serpocaulon a . R. Sm的分类订正。(水蛭科)，美洲热带蕨类植物属。我们的工作是基于对41个植物标本室2167个标本中记录的56个字符的形态学分析。在阿根廷、玻利维亚、巴西、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、厄瓜多尔、巴拿马和秘鲁进行了实地考察，观察了几个物种的习性和栖息地。数码图像也被参考。共发现260个名称，并对其命名类型进行了研究，得到47个名称(第一步30个，第二步17个)的lectotypification。我们在Serpocaulon发现了37个物种和5个杂交种;其中一个杂交种被赋予了新的地位(S. ×semipinnatifidum (fsame) a . R. Sm.)，另一个杂交种被描述(S. ×tabuleirense D. Sanín &Salino)。新同义命名19个，排除种5个，应用不确定名称17个，命名种数5个。我们在不同的国家记录了22个物种共62个时代学新物种。该属海拔范围为0-4200米。厄瓜多尔和哥伦比亚的安第斯山脉是物种多样性和地方性的主要中心;其次，巴西的大西洋雨林有五种特有物种。我们提供了分类关键，描述，讨论，当地名称，用途，插图，植物的照片，根茎鳞片和孢子的显微照片，以及所有物种的分布图。
{"title":"Taxonomic Revision of Serpocaulon (Polypodiaceae)","authors":"David Sanín, Alexandre Salino, Alan R. Smith","doi":"10.3417/2023766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2023766","url":null,"abstract":"We present a taxonomic revision of Serpocaulon A. R. Sm. (Polypodiaceae), a tropical American fern genus. Our work is based on a morphological analysis of 56 characters recorded from 2167 specimens deposited in 41 herbaria. Field trips were carried out in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru, where observations on the habit and habitat of several species were made. Digital images were also consulted. A total of 260 names were found and their nomenclatural types were studied, resulting in the lectotypification of 47 names (first-step 30, second-step 17 names). We recognize 37 species and five hybrids in Serpocaulon; one of the hybrids is given a new status (S. ×semipinnatifidum (Fée) A. R. Sm.) and another one is described (S. ×tabuleirense D. Sanín & Salino). Moreover, 19 names are newly synonymized, five species are excluded, 17 names are considered as of uncertain application, and five as nomina nuda. We document for 22 species a total of 62 chorological novelties in different countries. The elevational range of the genus is 0–4200 m. The Andes of Ecuador and Colombia are the main center of diversity and endemism; secondarily, the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil has five endemic species. We provide a taxonomic key, descriptions, discussions, local names, uses, illustrations, photographs of the plants in the field, microphotographs of the rhizome scales and the spores, and distribution maps of all species.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Pastore, A. Martinez, J. Abbott, Kurt M. Neubig
Based on phylogenetic and morphological evidence, the New World clade of Polygala L. is here recognized as the genus Senega Spach, with three subgenera: the typical Senega, Clinclinia (DC.) J. F. B. Pastore & Agust. Martinez, and Monninopsis (S. F. Blake) J. F. B. Pastore & J. R. Abbott. The subgenera Clinclinia and Monninopsis are based on previous infrageneric delimitations of Chodat and Blake. The subgenus Senega is further divided into 16 sections, with seven new sections designated here: Cleistogamae J. F. B. Pastore & J. R. Abbott, Cruciatae J. F. B. Pastore & J. R. Abbott, Cuspidatae J. F. B. Pastore, Exiguae J. F. B. Pastore, Revolutae J. F. B. Pastore, Sanguineae J. F. B. Pastore & J. R. Abbott, and Verticillatae J. F. B. Pastore & J. R. Abbott. Keys are provided for the subgenera of Senega and also for the sections of Senega subg. Senega.
{"title":"Toward New Generic Delimitations in Polygalaceae II: Senega","authors":"J. Pastore, A. Martinez, J. Abbott, Kurt M. Neubig","doi":"10.3417/2023754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2023754","url":null,"abstract":"Based on phylogenetic and morphological evidence, the New World clade of Polygala L. is here recognized as the genus Senega Spach, with three subgenera: the typical Senega, Clinclinia (DC.) J. F. B. Pastore & Agust. Martinez, and Monninopsis (S. F. Blake) J. F. B. Pastore & J. R. Abbott. The subgenera Clinclinia and Monninopsis are based on previous infrageneric delimitations of Chodat and Blake. The subgenus Senega is further divided into 16 sections, with seven new sections designated here: Cleistogamae J. F. B. Pastore & J. R. Abbott, Cruciatae J. F. B. Pastore & J. R. Abbott, Cuspidatae J. F. B. Pastore, Exiguae J. F. B. Pastore, Revolutae J. F. B. Pastore, Sanguineae J. F. B. Pastore & J. R. Abbott, and Verticillatae J. F. B. Pastore & J. R. Abbott. Keys are provided for the subgenera of Senega and also for the sections of Senega subg. Senega.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45917475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Generic limits of the South American tribe Eudemeae are critically evaluated based on a thorough examination of morphology in light of the most extensive recent molecular phylogenetic studies using nuclear and plastid markers. As a result, only five genera (Alshehbazia Salariato & Zuloaga, Aschersoniodoxa Gilg & Muschl., Gongylis Theophr. ex Molinari & Sánchez Och., Onuris Phil., and Xerodraba Skottsb.) were monophyletic, whereas the others were not. This necessitated the recognition of the new genera Ancashia Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, Borealandea Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, and Stenodrabopsis Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga and merging of Brayopsis Gilg & Muschl. with the earlier-published Eudema Bonpl. The following 16 new combinations are proposed: Ancashia alpaminae (Gilg & Muschl.) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, A. gamosepala (Al-Shehbaz) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, A. polysperma (Al-Shehbaz, A. Cano & Trinidad) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, A. smithii (Al-Shehbaz) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, Borealandea colombiana (Al-Shehbaz) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, B. ecuadoriana (Al-Shehbaz) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, B. nubigena (Bonpl.) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, Eudema arequipa (Al-Shehbaz, A. Cano, M. A. Cueva & Salariato) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, E. calycinum (Desv.) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, E. chacasensis (Al-Shehbaz & A. Cano) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, E. cuscoensis (Al-Shehbaz, P. Gonzáles, A. Cano & Trinidad) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, E. limensis (Al-Shehbaz, Trinidad, A. Cano & P. Gonzáles) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, E. monimocalyx (O. E. Schulz) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, Stenodrabopsis imbricatifolia (Barnéoud) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, S. lagunae (O. E. Schulz) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, and S. suffruticosa (Barnéoud) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga. Generic limits of Eudema are updated due to its union with the later-published Brayopsis. Finally, keys to the genera of Eudemeae and to species of Eudema and the new genera are presented.
根据最近使用核和质体标记进行的最广泛的分子系统发育研究，基于形态学的彻底检查，对南美部落Eudemeae的一般限制进行了严格评估。结果，只有5个属(Alshehbazia Salariato & Zuloaga, Aschersoniodoxa Gilg & Muschl)。龚吉斯·西奥弗。ex Molinari & Sánchez哦。奥努里斯·菲尔。(1)为单系性，其余为非单系性。这就需要承认新属Ancashia Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano和Zuloaga, Borealandea Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano和Zuloaga，以及Stenodrabopsis Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano和Zuloaga以及Brayopsis Gilg和Muschl的合并。与早前发表的Eudema Bonpl合作。提出了以下16个新组合:Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano和Zuloaga, A. gamosepala (Al-Shehbaz) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano和Zuloaga, A.多精(Al-Shehbaz, A. Cano和Trinidad) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano和Zuloaga, A. smithii (Al-Shehbaz) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano和Zuloaga, Borealandea colombiana (Al-Shehbaz) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano和Zuloaga, B. ecuadoriana (Al-Shehbaz) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano和Zuloaga, B. nubigena (Bonpl.))Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano和Zuloaga, Eudema arequipa (Al-Shehbaz, A. Cano, M. A. Cueva和Salariato) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano和Zuloaga, E. calycinum (Desv)Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano和Zuloaga, E. chacasensis (Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano和Zuloaga)， E. cuscoensis (Al-Shehbaz, P. Gonzáles, A. Cano和特立尼达)Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano和Zuloaga, E. limensis (Al-Shehbaz，特立尼达，A. Cano和P. Gonzáles) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano和Zuloaga, E. monmocalyx (O. E. Schulz) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano和Zuloaga, E. inbricatifolia (barn) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano和Zuloaga，S. lagunae (O. E. Schulz) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano和Zuloaga，以及S. suffruticosa (barnsamoud) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano和Zuloaga。由于它与后来出版的Brayopsis结合，Eudema的一般限制被更新。最后，给出了藻藻属、藻藻种及新属的分类键。
{"title":"A Revised Generic Delimitation of the South American–Endemic Tribe Eudemeae (Brassicaceae)","authors":"I. Al‐Shehbaz, D. Salariato, A. Cano, F. Zuloaga","doi":"10.3417/2023811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2023811","url":null,"abstract":"Generic limits of the South American tribe Eudemeae are critically evaluated based on a thorough examination of morphology in light of the most extensive recent molecular phylogenetic studies using nuclear and plastid markers. As a result, only five genera (Alshehbazia Salariato & Zuloaga, Aschersoniodoxa Gilg & Muschl., Gongylis Theophr. ex Molinari & Sánchez Och., Onuris Phil., and Xerodraba Skottsb.) were monophyletic, whereas the others were not. This necessitated the recognition of the new genera Ancashia Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, Borealandea Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, and Stenodrabopsis Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga and merging of Brayopsis Gilg & Muschl. with the earlier-published Eudema Bonpl. The following 16 new combinations are proposed: Ancashia alpaminae (Gilg & Muschl.) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, A. gamosepala (Al-Shehbaz) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, A. polysperma (Al-Shehbaz, A. Cano & Trinidad) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, A. smithii (Al-Shehbaz) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, Borealandea colombiana (Al-Shehbaz) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, B. ecuadoriana (Al-Shehbaz) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, B. nubigena (Bonpl.) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, Eudema arequipa (Al-Shehbaz, A. Cano, M. A. Cueva & Salariato) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, E. calycinum (Desv.) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, E. chacasensis (Al-Shehbaz & A. Cano) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, E. cuscoensis (Al-Shehbaz, P. Gonzáles, A. Cano & Trinidad) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, E. limensis (Al-Shehbaz, Trinidad, A. Cano & P. Gonzáles) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, E. monimocalyx (O. E. Schulz) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, Stenodrabopsis imbricatifolia (Barnéoud) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, S. lagunae (O. E. Schulz) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga, and S. suffruticosa (Barnéoud) Al-Shehbaz, Salariato, A. Cano & Zuloaga. Generic limits of Eudema are updated due to its union with the later-published Brayopsis. Finally, keys to the genera of Eudemeae and to species of Eudema and the new genera are presented.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43276467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eryngium L. comprises ca. 250 species and is distributed in every continent, except Antarctica. The species of the genus that inhabit Chile are mostly endemic to that country and are phylogenetically closely related to species from the west coast of the United States of America and Australia. Taxonomic studies of the North American and Australian lineages of Eryngium are in press or in preparation. However, the Eryngium species from Chile have not been revised taxonomically for more than a century. Moreover, many of the species of the genus endemic to Chile show restricted distributions and, therefore, deserve particular attention to evaluate if they are in any category of threat in order to develop conservation policies. The objective of this study is to perform a taxonomic revision of the species of Eryngium from Chile, including an analysis of their conservation status. For this purpose, the vegetative and reproductive morphology and the geographic distribution and habitat of ca. 750 herbarium specimens were analyzed. In addition, the conservation status of the species was evaluated following the Red List categories and criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. In total, 17 species of Eryngium were recognized in Chile, of which 15 are endemic to that country and two also grow in Argentina. A key for the recognition of species is provided. For each species, a list of accepted synonyms, a morphological description, illustration, distribution map, habitats, phenology, and vernacular names are presented. Six new synonyms are proposed (Eryngium polyrhizum Clos and all varieties of E. depressum Hook. & Arn. are synonymized with E. depressum, E. amethystinodes Kuntze is synonymized with E. rostratum Cav., and E. delarocheanum H. Wolff is synonymized with E. paniculatum Cav. & Dombey ex F. Delaroche), and nomenclature problems were analyzed and resolved, including the typification of 23 names. The distribution ranges of six species (Eryngium anomalum Hook. & Arn., E. coquimbanum Phil. ex Urb., E. depressum, E. humifusum Clos, E. pulchellum Phil., and E. rostratum) are rectified. Aproximately 60% of the Eryngium species from Chile belong to a category of threat, and most of them are critically endangered, so they should be special targets for conservation.
{"title":"Revisión Taxonómica y Estado de Conservación de las Especies de Eryngium (Apiaceae, Saniculoideae) Presentes en Chile","authors":"Ariana Lucía Padin, Carolina I. Calviño","doi":"10.3417/2023788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2023788","url":null,"abstract":"Eryngium L. comprises ca. 250 species and is distributed in every continent, except Antarctica. The species of the genus that inhabit Chile are mostly endemic to that country and are phylogenetically closely related to species from the west coast of the United States of America and Australia. Taxonomic studies of the North American and Australian lineages of Eryngium are in press or in preparation. However, the Eryngium species from Chile have not been revised taxonomically for more than a century. Moreover, many of the species of the genus endemic to Chile show restricted distributions and, therefore, deserve particular attention to evaluate if they are in any category of threat in order to develop conservation policies. The objective of this study is to perform a taxonomic revision of the species of Eryngium from Chile, including an analysis of their conservation status. For this purpose, the vegetative and reproductive morphology and the geographic distribution and habitat of ca. 750 herbarium specimens were analyzed. In addition, the conservation status of the species was evaluated following the Red List categories and criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. In total, 17 species of Eryngium were recognized in Chile, of which 15 are endemic to that country and two also grow in Argentina. A key for the recognition of species is provided. For each species, a list of accepted synonyms, a morphological description, illustration, distribution map, habitats, phenology, and vernacular names are presented. Six new synonyms are proposed (Eryngium polyrhizum Clos and all varieties of E. depressum Hook. & Arn. are synonymized with E. depressum, E. amethystinodes Kuntze is synonymized with E. rostratum Cav., and E. delarocheanum H. Wolff is synonymized with E. paniculatum Cav. & Dombey ex F. Delaroche), and nomenclature problems were analyzed and resolved, including the typification of 23 names. The distribution ranges of six species (Eryngium anomalum Hook. & Arn., E. coquimbanum Phil. ex Urb., E. depressum, E. humifusum Clos, E. pulchellum Phil., and E. rostratum) are rectified. Aproximately 60% of the Eryngium species from Chile belong to a category of threat, and most of them are critically endangered, so they should be special targets for conservation.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43475608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The history and connections of the flora of south-central/southwestern (SC/SW) North America have been studied and summarized in biogeographic regionalization. However, some studies show contrasting delineations of the SC/SW North American provinces that could be better determined using quantitative methods. We aimed to find spatial patterns of a set of plants in the SC/SW United States by conducting endemicity analysis (EA) on different scales. We first built a dataset with 81,965 specimen point records of 400 species from 174 genera and 61 families of angiosperms and two genera of gymnosperms using digitized specimen data from iDigBio. We then performed EA at four different scales to identify the areas of endemism (AoEs). We obtained 28 AoEs with different cell sizes by selecting each AoE under the grid size that yielded the highest number of high-scoring species. The study region split into two significant centers of accumulation of nested or partially overlapping AoEs: the SW and SC consensus areas. In these parts of the Nearctic region, many genera/clades, among those in the dataset, showed a geographic split into western and eastern clades. The split corresponded to an environmental and physical barrier known as Cochise Filter Barrier. The Sonora–Mojave arid center, parts of South Texas, and the Chihuahuan Desert harbor basally branching taxa of several genera and even families, based on the observations of some species, which allowed identification of the AoEs.
{"title":"Areas of Endemism of Plants in the South-Central and Southwestern Nearctic Region","authors":"A. Saghatelyan, T. Escalante","doi":"10.3417/2023773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2023773","url":null,"abstract":"The history and connections of the flora of south-central/southwestern (SC/SW) North America have been studied and summarized in biogeographic regionalization. However, some studies show contrasting delineations of the SC/SW North American provinces that could be better determined using quantitative methods. We aimed to find spatial patterns of a set of plants in the SC/SW United States by conducting endemicity analysis (EA) on different scales. We first built a dataset with 81,965 specimen point records of 400 species from 174 genera and 61 families of angiosperms and two genera of gymnosperms using digitized specimen data from iDigBio. We then performed EA at four different scales to identify the areas of endemism (AoEs). \u0000We obtained 28 AoEs with different cell sizes by selecting each AoE under the grid size that yielded the highest number of high-scoring species. The study region split into two significant centers of accumulation of nested or partially overlapping AoEs: the SW and SC consensus areas. In these parts of the Nearctic region, many genera/clades, among those in the dataset, showed a geographic split into western and eastern clades. The split corresponded to an environmental and physical barrier known as Cochise Filter Barrier. The Sonora–Mojave arid center, parts of South Texas, and the Chihuahuan Desert harbor basally branching taxa of several genera and even families, based on the observations of some species, which allowed identification of the AoEs.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45691927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolina Delfini, Vinicius Castro Souza, F. Zuloaga
A taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update for Paspalum L., group Caespitosa are presented. The group Caespitosa consists of perennial species, usually rhizomatous, with culms simple, erect, inflorescences terminal, pauci-racemose, and spikelets mostly ellipsoid to ovoid or obovoid. It is distributed from the southern United States to northeastern Argentina, with several taxa concentrated in the Caribbean Islands. We recognize 13 species and three varieties (i.e., Paspalum acutifolium León, P. albidulum Henrard, P. bakeri Hack., P. blodgettii Chapm., P. caespitosum Flüggé, P. chacoense Parodi, P. divergens Döll, P. galapageium Chase var. galapageium, P. galapageium var. minoratum Chase, P. galapageium var. redundans (Chase) Delfini & Zuloaga, P. indecorum Mez, P. laxum Lam., P. ligulare Nees, P. molle Poir., and P. redondense Swallen), and designate lectotypes for three names. We propose a new synonym for P. ligulare and a new variety for P. galapageium, and provide updates on inferential lectotypifications (for seven names) and on inferential neotypification (for P. caespitosum var. longifolium). We then comment on four situations of uncertainty, and present new geographic analyses of the species. Illustrations, a key for the species, and additional comments on morphology of the group Caespitosa are also included.
{"title":"Taxonomic Revision of Paspalum Group Caespitosa (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae)","authors":"Carolina Delfini, Vinicius Castro Souza, F. Zuloaga","doi":"10.3417/2023763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2023763","url":null,"abstract":"A taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update for Paspalum L., group Caespitosa are presented. The group Caespitosa consists of perennial species, usually rhizomatous, with culms simple, erect, inflorescences terminal, pauci-racemose, and spikelets mostly ellipsoid to ovoid or obovoid. It is distributed from the southern United States to northeastern Argentina, with several taxa concentrated in the Caribbean Islands. We recognize 13 species and three varieties (i.e., Paspalum acutifolium León, P. albidulum Henrard, P. bakeri Hack., P. blodgettii Chapm., P. caespitosum Flüggé, P. chacoense Parodi, P. divergens Döll, P. galapageium Chase var. galapageium, P. galapageium var. minoratum Chase, P. galapageium var. redundans (Chase) Delfini & Zuloaga, P. indecorum Mez, P. laxum Lam., P. ligulare Nees, P. molle Poir., and P. redondense Swallen), and designate lectotypes for three names. We propose a new synonym for P. ligulare and a new variety for P. galapageium, and provide updates on inferential lectotypifications (for seven names) and on inferential neotypification (for P. caespitosum var. longifolium). We then comment on four situations of uncertainty, and present new geographic analyses of the species. Illustrations, a key for the species, and additional comments on morphology of the group Caespitosa are also included.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49470075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luciana PEREIRA-SILVA, I. Larridon, André Rodolfo De Oliveira Ribeiro, Vinícius Martins Santos, R. Trevisan
Abstract A taxonomic study of Cyperus L. (Cyperaceae) in the Central-West region of Brazil is presented. We examined more than 1300 herbarium specimens. Many of the species were also studied in the field. Our results recognize 59 species of Cyperus in the Central-West of Brazil, including three species endemic to the country that are potentially threatened with extinction, i.e., C. hooperae G. C. Tucker, C. longiculmis Pereira-Silva, Hefler & R. Trevis., and C. tuckerianus Pereira-Silva, Hefler & R. Trevis. Cyperus oxylepis Nees ex Steud. is reported from Brazil for the first time. Cyperus incomtus Kunth var. miguelii Kük. is proposed as a synonym of C. pearcei C. B. Clarke. We designate lectotypes for 20 names, a neotype for C. oxylepis, and an epitype for C. surinamensis Rottb. and select second-step lectotypes for 10 names. We also provide detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations, distribution data, an identification key for all species, and assessments of the conservation status for most species.
摘要对巴西中西部地区苏柏属(Cyperus L.)进行了分类研究。我们检查了1300多个植物标本室标本。许多物种也在野外进行了研究。结果表明，巴西中西部地区共有59种塞柏属植物，其中3种为巴西特有物种，即C. hooperae G. C. Tucker、C. longiculmis Pereira-Silva、Hefler & R. Trevis。C. tuckerianus Pereira-Silva, Hefler & R. Trevis。苏柏属植物。首次从巴西报道。香柏草(Cyperus incomtus Kunth)变种miguelii k。被认为是C. pearcei C. B. Clarke的同义词。我们指定了20个名称的选型，一个新类型为C. oxylepis，一个表型为C. surinamensis Rottb。并为10个名称选择第二步lectotypes。我们还提供了详细的形态描述，插图，分布数据，所有物种的识别密钥，以及大多数物种的保护状况评估。
{"title":"Diversity and Taxonomy of Cyperus (Cyperaceae) in the Central-West Region of Brazil","authors":"Luciana PEREIRA-SILVA, I. Larridon, André Rodolfo De Oliveira Ribeiro, Vinícius Martins Santos, R. Trevisan","doi":"10.3417/2022760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2022760","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A taxonomic study of Cyperus L. (Cyperaceae) in the Central-West region of Brazil is presented. We examined more than 1300 herbarium specimens. Many of the species were also studied in the field. Our results recognize 59 species of Cyperus in the Central-West of Brazil, including three species endemic to the country that are potentially threatened with extinction, i.e., C. hooperae G. C. Tucker, C. longiculmis Pereira-Silva, Hefler & R. Trevis., and C. tuckerianus Pereira-Silva, Hefler & R. Trevis. Cyperus oxylepis Nees ex Steud. is reported from Brazil for the first time. Cyperus incomtus Kunth var. miguelii Kük. is proposed as a synonym of C. pearcei C. B. Clarke. We designate lectotypes for 20 names, a neotype for C. oxylepis, and an epitype for C. surinamensis Rottb. and select second-step lectotypes for 10 names. We also provide detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations, distribution data, an identification key for all species, and assessments of the conservation status for most species.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"107 1","pages":"480 - 545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42635869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PENG-WEI Li, Fang-Pu Liu, Meng‐Qi Han, James F. Smith, Yin‐Zheng Wang
Abstract Metapetrocosmea W. T. Wang and Deinostigma W. T. Wang & Z. Y. Li were originally monotypic with M. peltata (Merr. & Chun) W. T. Wang and D. poilanei (Pellegr.) W. T. Wang & Z. Y. Li, respectively. Recent molecular phylogenetic research expanded Deinostigma to include several species previously transferred from Chirita D. Don to Primulina Hance. However, the relationship between Metapetrocosmea and Deinostigma has not been well addressed. In the present study, the type species of Metapetrocosmea and Deinostigma were sampled together with related taxa, and the systematic relationships were reexamined using the nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacer regions (ITS and ETS) and four chloroplast regions (rpL32-trnL, rps16, trnH-psbA, trnL-F). Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that M. peltata is embedded in the species of Deinostigma and sister to D. poilanei. All of these species form a highly supported branch, i.e., Metapetrocosmea–Deinostigma clade, which is sister to Oreocharis Benth. Morphological analyses show that species in the Metapetrocosmea–Deinostigma clade share a series of morphological traits, i.e., alternate leaves, arcuate filaments, densely lanate anthers with the hair surface covered with granular or vermiform appendages, bilobed stigma that vary from dorsal to ventral and almost equal in size to a dorsal-ventral oblique lamella with the dorsal one sterile, hooked hairs and T-shaped glandular hairs occurring on the whole plant, and riblike seed surfaces. Both molecular and morphological evidence strongly suggest that the Metapetrocosmea–Deinostigma clade is monophyletic and should be combined into a single genus, i.e., Metapetrocosmea W. T. Wang. Therefore, we present a taxonomic treatment for this group.
摘要/ Abstract摘要:Metapetrocosmea Wang W. T.和Deinostigma Wang W. T.和Li Z. Y.最初与m.p eltata (Merr.)是单型的。王文涛和波拉尼(Pellegr.)王文涛，李志勇。最近的分子系统发育研究将deino柱头扩展到包括以前从Chirita D. Don转移到Primulina Hance的几个物种。然而，Metapetrocosmea和Deinostigma之间的关系尚未得到很好的解决。本研究以异花藓和异花藓的模式种及其相关分类群为研究对象，利用核糖体内外转录间隔区(ITS和ETS)和4个叶绿体区域(rpL32-trnL、rps16、trnH-psbA、trnL-F)重新分析了它们之间的系统关系。系统发育分析表明，peltata是嵌入在deino柱头种中，是poilanei的姊妹种。所有这些种形成了一个高度支持的分支，即metapetrocosmea - deino柱头分支，它是Oreocharis Benth的姐妹。形态学分析表明，异花柱头-异花柱头分支具有一系列的形态特征，即:叶片互生，花丝弓形，浓密的lanate花药，毛表面被颗粒状或蚓状附属物覆盖，双叶柱头从背侧到腹侧不等，大小与背侧斜片几乎相等，背面为不育，整个植株上有钩状毛和t形腺毛，种子表面呈肋状。分子和形态学证据都有力地表明，Metapetrocosmea - deino柱头分支是单系的，应合并为一个属，即Metapetrocosmea w.t. Wang。因此，我们提出了对这一群体的分类处理。
{"title":"Molecular and Morphological Evidence Supports the Inclusion of Deinostigma into Metapetrocosmea (Gesneriaceae),","authors":"PENG-WEI Li, Fang-Pu Liu, Meng‐Qi Han, James F. Smith, Yin‐Zheng Wang","doi":"10.3417/2022767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2022767","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Metapetrocosmea W. T. Wang and Deinostigma W. T. Wang & Z. Y. Li were originally monotypic with M. peltata (Merr. & Chun) W. T. Wang and D. poilanei (Pellegr.) W. T. Wang & Z. Y. Li, respectively. Recent molecular phylogenetic research expanded Deinostigma to include several species previously transferred from Chirita D. Don to Primulina Hance. However, the relationship between Metapetrocosmea and Deinostigma has not been well addressed. In the present study, the type species of Metapetrocosmea and Deinostigma were sampled together with related taxa, and the systematic relationships were reexamined using the nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacer regions (ITS and ETS) and four chloroplast regions (rpL32-trnL, rps16, trnH-psbA, trnL-F). Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that M. peltata is embedded in the species of Deinostigma and sister to D. poilanei. All of these species form a highly supported branch, i.e., Metapetrocosmea–Deinostigma clade, which is sister to Oreocharis Benth. Morphological analyses show that species in the Metapetrocosmea–Deinostigma clade share a series of morphological traits, i.e., alternate leaves, arcuate filaments, densely lanate anthers with the hair surface covered with granular or vermiform appendages, bilobed stigma that vary from dorsal to ventral and almost equal in size to a dorsal-ventral oblique lamella with the dorsal one sterile, hooked hairs and T-shaped glandular hairs occurring on the whole plant, and riblike seed surfaces. Both molecular and morphological evidence strongly suggest that the Metapetrocosmea–Deinostigma clade is monophyletic and should be combined into a single genus, i.e., Metapetrocosmea W. T. Wang. Therefore, we present a taxonomic treatment for this group.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"107 1","pages":"447 - 466"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45570244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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