J. de Paula-Souza, A. G. de Lima, Jorge Antonio Silva Costa, L. P. de Queiroz
Abstract Copaifera L. is a tropical genus with its highest diversity in the New World, renowned for the “copaiba oil” extracted from the trunk of many of its species, which has wide applications in traditional medicine and the pharmachemical industry. Despite relatively recent revisions, the genus is still deemed complex and its species difficult to recognize due to often overlapping circumscriptions. A crucial step in species delimitation and correct application of names is the analysis of types. Advances in the digitization of biological collections and bibliographical material have facilitated the access to type collections, but the information available is still fragmented and, in many cases, equivocal. The aim of this work was to perform a typological assessment of the names of Copaifera based on material from the New World, providing a nomenclatural revision toward a better understanding of its species and a broad taxonomic revision of the genus.
{"title":"A Step Out of the Chaos—a Nomenclatural Revision of New World Copaifera (Fabaceae, Detarieae)","authors":"J. de Paula-Souza, A. G. de Lima, Jorge Antonio Silva Costa, L. P. de Queiroz","doi":"10.3417/2022784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2022784","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Copaifera L. is a tropical genus with its highest diversity in the New World, renowned for the “copaiba oil” extracted from the trunk of many of its species, which has wide applications in traditional medicine and the pharmachemical industry. Despite relatively recent revisions, the genus is still deemed complex and its species difficult to recognize due to often overlapping circumscriptions. A crucial step in species delimitation and correct application of names is the analysis of types. Advances in the digitization of biological collections and bibliographical material have facilitated the access to type collections, but the information available is still fragmented and, in many cases, equivocal. The aim of this work was to perform a typological assessment of the names of Copaifera based on material from the New World, providing a nomenclatural revision toward a better understanding of its species and a broad taxonomic revision of the genus.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"107 1","pages":"467 - 479"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43473545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Teisher, M. Vorontsova, Marina Rabarimanarivo, S. Porembski, P. Phillipson
Abstract The grass genus Styppeiochloa De Winter (Arundinoideae: Poaceae) as it occurs in Madagascar is reviewed, two new species are described, and two subspecific taxa are elevated to species status. These new species, as well as the additional collections made since the latest treatment of the genus for Madagascar in 1954, greatly expand the documented geographic and ecological range of Styppeiochloa as a whole and demonstrate that a substantial diversification of the genus has occurred in Madagascar.
摘要综述了马达加斯加岛冬草属(Styppeiochloa De Winter)的分布情况，发现了2个新种，并将2个亚特异分类群提升为种。这些新物种，以及自1954年马达加斯加最近一次处理该属以来的额外收集，极大地扩展了有文献记载的整个Styppeiochloa的地理和生态范围，并表明该属在马达加斯加发生了实质性的多样化。
{"title":"A Taxonomic Revision of Styppeiochloa (Arundinoideae: Poaceae) in Madagascar","authors":"J. Teisher, M. Vorontsova, Marina Rabarimanarivo, S. Porembski, P. Phillipson","doi":"10.3417/2022758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2022758","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The grass genus Styppeiochloa De Winter (Arundinoideae: Poaceae) as it occurs in Madagascar is reviewed, two new species are described, and two subspecific taxa are elevated to species status. These new species, as well as the additional collections made since the latest treatment of the genus for Madagascar in 1954, greatly expand the documented geographic and ecological range of Styppeiochloa as a whole and demonstrate that a substantial diversification of the genus has occurred in Madagascar.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"107 1","pages":"432 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44538864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Krakos, Matthew G. Johnson, P. Hoch, W. L. Wagner, Pu Huang, P. Raven
Abstract Evolutionary shifts in breeding system are thought to have played key roles in the diversification of many lineages of plants, including the evening primrose family (Onagraceae), which includes the genus Oenothera L. Diversification in Oenothera has been accompanied by frequent breeding system shifts, but it is not clear whether these differences are due to shared evolutionary history or reflect repeated independent adaptations to varying ecological conditions. In this study, we focus on “Subclade B,” one of two primary clades within Oenothera, and combine phylogenetic reconstructions and breeding system data to evaluate evidence for multiple transitions to self-compatibility. This study includes 46 of the 58 named taxa (species and subspecies) of Oenothera Subclade B. Some taxa were sequenced in earlier analyses, available from GenBank, one was resampled here to add new sequences, and 28 taxa are newly sequenced here. We base our phylogeny on sequencing of portions of four chloroplast markers (rps16, ndhF, trnL-F, and rbcL) and two nuclear genes (ITS and ETS). We used pollination tests to verify or determine the breeding system of these taxa. Our phylogeny supports the current classification of Oenothera with minor changes and provides greater insight and clarity to the relationships of these species. Our results provide support for the monophyly of most of the sections in Oenothera Subclade B, as well as greater resolution for topology within sections Gaura (L.) W. L. Wagner & Hoch, Hartmannia (Spach) Walpers, Kneiffia (Spach) Walpers, and Megapterium (Spach) Walpers. Relationships among these monophyletic lineages, and the placement of sections Paradoxus W. L. Wagner and Peniophyllum (Pennell) Munz, and of the allopolypoid O. hispida (Benth.) W. L. Wagner, Hoch & Zarucchi, are not uniformly well-supported and need further clarification, but these phylogenetic uncertainties had minimal impact on the inference of transitions in self-compatibility in Subclade B. We use maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference and stochastic character mapping to estimate the minimum and maximum number of transitions necessary to explain the phylogenetic distribution of self-compatible lineages. Our results confirm at least 12 and possibly up to 15 independent transitions from self-incompatibility to self-compatibility in Oenothera Subclade B. This lability in breeding system, which is also seen broadly across Oenothera, lends strong support to the hypothesis that this trait plays a key role in the diversification of the genus.
育种系统的进化变化被认为在许多植物谱系的多样化中发挥了关键作用，包括月见草科(onagracae)，其中包括Oenothera . L.。Oenothera的多样化伴随着频繁的育种系统变化，但这些差异是由于共同的进化历史还是反映了对不同生态条件的重复独立适应尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们将重点放在“亚支系B”上，这是Oenothera的两个主要支系之一，并结合系统发育重建和育种系统数据来评估多重过渡到自相容性的证据。本研究包括了58个已命名的b亚分支分类群(种和亚种)中的46个，其中一些分类群是在GenBank上进行测序的，其中一个分类群是在GenBank上重新测序的，另外28个分类群是新测序的。我们基于四个叶绿体标记(rps16, ndhF, trnL-F和rbcL)和两个核基因(ITS和ETS)的部分测序来确定系统发育。我们使用授粉试验来验证或确定这些分类群的繁殖系统。我们的系统发育支持了目前对酒壶目的分类，并对这些物种的关系提供了更深入的了解和更清晰的认识。我们的研究结果为Oenothera亚支系B大部分剖面的单一性提供了支持，同时也为Gaura (L.)剖面的拓扑结构提供了更高的分辨率。W. L. Wagner & Hoch, Hartmannia (Spach) Walpers, Kneiffia (Spach) Walpers和Megapterium (Spach) Walpers。这些单系谱系之间的关系，以及Paradoxus W. L. Wagner和Peniophyllum (Pennell) Munz和O. hispida (Benth.)的异源多形体的位置。W. L. Wagner、Hoch和Zarucchi的观点并没有得到一致的充分支持，需要进一步澄清，但这些系统发育的不确定性对b亚枝自相容性过渡的推断影响最小。我们使用最大似然、贝叶斯推理和随机特征映射来估计解释自相容性谱系的系统发育分布所需的最小和最大数量的过渡。我们的研究结果证实，在Oenothera b亚支系中，至少有12个甚至可能多达15个从自交不亲和到自交亲和的独立转变。这种育种系统的不稳定性，在Oenothera中也广泛存在，有力地支持了这一性状在该属多样化中起关键作用的假设。
{"title":"Molecular Phylogenetics Reveals Multiple Transitions to Self-Compatibility in a Primary Subclade of Oenothera (Onagraceae)","authors":"K. Krakos, Matthew G. Johnson, P. Hoch, W. L. Wagner, Pu Huang, P. Raven","doi":"10.3417/2022735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2022735","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Evolutionary shifts in breeding system are thought to have played key roles in the diversification of many lineages of plants, including the evening primrose family (Onagraceae), which includes the genus Oenothera L. Diversification in Oenothera has been accompanied by frequent breeding system shifts, but it is not clear whether these differences are due to shared evolutionary history or reflect repeated independent adaptations to varying ecological conditions. In this study, we focus on “Subclade B,” one of two primary clades within Oenothera, and combine phylogenetic reconstructions and breeding system data to evaluate evidence for multiple transitions to self-compatibility. This study includes 46 of the 58 named taxa (species and subspecies) of Oenothera Subclade B. Some taxa were sequenced in earlier analyses, available from GenBank, one was resampled here to add new sequences, and 28 taxa are newly sequenced here. We base our phylogeny on sequencing of portions of four chloroplast markers (rps16, ndhF, trnL-F, and rbcL) and two nuclear genes (ITS and ETS). We used pollination tests to verify or determine the breeding system of these taxa. Our phylogeny supports the current classification of Oenothera with minor changes and provides greater insight and clarity to the relationships of these species. Our results provide support for the monophyly of most of the sections in Oenothera Subclade B, as well as greater resolution for topology within sections Gaura (L.) W. L. Wagner & Hoch, Hartmannia (Spach) Walpers, Kneiffia (Spach) Walpers, and Megapterium (Spach) Walpers. Relationships among these monophyletic lineages, and the placement of sections Paradoxus W. L. Wagner and Peniophyllum (Pennell) Munz, and of the allopolypoid O. hispida (Benth.) W. L. Wagner, Hoch & Zarucchi, are not uniformly well-supported and need further clarification, but these phylogenetic uncertainties had minimal impact on the inference of transitions in self-compatibility in Subclade B. We use maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference and stochastic character mapping to estimate the minimum and maximum number of transitions necessary to explain the phylogenetic distribution of self-compatible lineages. Our results confirm at least 12 and possibly up to 15 independent transitions from self-incompatibility to self-compatibility in Oenothera Subclade B. This lability in breeding system, which is also seen broadly across Oenothera, lends strong support to the hypothesis that this trait plays a key role in the diversification of the genus.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"107 1","pages":"405 - 421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46256576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A new genus, Andea van der Werff, is described. It consists of 25 gynodioecious species, all occurring in the Andes except for one species found in the mountains of Costa Rica. Morphological characteristics are discussed and a key to the species is presented.
摘要报道了一新属Andea van der Werff。它由25个雌蕊异株物种组成，除了哥斯达黎加山上发现的一个物种外，所有物种都发生在安第斯山脉。讨论了该物种的形态特征，并给出了该物种的识别码。
{"title":"Andea, a New Genus of Neotropical Lauraceae","authors":"H. VAN DER WERFF","doi":"10.3417/2022748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2022748","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A new genus, Andea van der Werff, is described. It consists of 25 gynodioecious species, all occurring in the Andes except for one species found in the mountains of Costa Rica. Morphological characteristics are discussed and a key to the species is presented.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"107 1","pages":"422 - 431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41834012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. E. Freire, J. Villaseñor, C. Monti, N. D. Bayón, María A. Migoya
Abstract The genus Pseudognaphalium Kirp., segregated from Gnaphalium L., is one of the largest genera of the tribe Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) with about 60 species, most of them found in South, Central, and North America, but some species also occurring in Africa, Asia, Europe, and New Zealand. We present a taxonomic revision of Pseudognaphalium for North America accepting 36 species, mainly distributed in the Nearctic Region and the Mexican Transition Zone, and about one third of the species occurring in the Neotropical Region. The following taxa are newly synonymized: G. oaxacanum Greenm. with P. semiamplexicaule (DC.) Anderb., G. schraderi DC. with P. attenuatum (DC.) Anderb. var. sylvicola (McVaugh) Hinojosa & Villaseñor, P. altamiranum (Greenm.) Anderb. with P. roseum (Kunth) Anderb., and P. beneolens (Davidson) Anderb. with P. thermale (E. E. Nelson) G. L. Nesom. Lectotypes are newly designated for G. oblanceolatum Greenm., G. panniforme S. F. Blake, G. ramosissimum Nutt., G. roseum Kunth var. angustifolium Benth., G. roseum var. hololeucum Benth., and G. roseum var. sordescens Benth. Morphological descriptions are provided as well as taxonomic data on nomenclatural types, including synonymies, illustrations, distribution maps, distribution and habitat, additional material examined, distinguishing characters and taxonomic affinities for each taxon, biogeographical and ecological comments, and a key for their identification.
{"title":"Taxonomic Revision of Pseudognaphalium (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) from North America","authors":"S. E. Freire, J. Villaseñor, C. Monti, N. D. Bayón, María A. Migoya","doi":"10.3417/2022695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2022695","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The genus Pseudognaphalium Kirp., segregated from Gnaphalium L., is one of the largest genera of the tribe Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) with about 60 species, most of them found in South, Central, and North America, but some species also occurring in Africa, Asia, Europe, and New Zealand. We present a taxonomic revision of Pseudognaphalium for North America accepting 36 species, mainly distributed in the Nearctic Region and the Mexican Transition Zone, and about one third of the species occurring in the Neotropical Region. The following taxa are newly synonymized: G. oaxacanum Greenm. with P. semiamplexicaule (DC.) Anderb., G. schraderi DC. with P. attenuatum (DC.) Anderb. var. sylvicola (McVaugh) Hinojosa & Villaseñor, P. altamiranum (Greenm.) Anderb. with P. roseum (Kunth) Anderb., and P. beneolens (Davidson) Anderb. with P. thermale (E. E. Nelson) G. L. Nesom. Lectotypes are newly designated for G. oblanceolatum Greenm., G. panniforme S. F. Blake, G. ramosissimum Nutt., G. roseum Kunth var. angustifolium Benth., G. roseum var. hololeucum Benth., and G. roseum var. sordescens Benth. Morphological descriptions are provided as well as taxonomic data on nomenclatural types, including synonymies, illustrations, distribution maps, distribution and habitat, additional material examined, distinguishing characters and taxonomic affinities for each taxon, biogeographical and ecological comments, and a key for their identification.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"107 1","pages":"314 - 404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47840731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raimundo Luciano Soares Neto, W. Thomas, E. Roalson, Maria Regina de Vasconcellos Barbosa
Abstract A taxonomic revision of the species currently circumscribed in Tarenaya Raf. (Cleomaceae) is presented here. Tarenaya comprises 38 species distributed from Mexico to Argentina (except for Chile) and the West Indies, and with one species disjunct in Central Africa. We present a new combination, 14 lectotypifications, and two neotypifications, and describe a new species endemic to Espírito Santo, Brazil. We provide a detailed description of the genus, an identification key to the species, and, for each species, we provide descriptions, geographic distribution data, and preferred habitats, diagnostic features, morphological comments, extinction risk assessment, photographs, illustrations, and distribution maps.
{"title":"Taxonomic Revision of Tarenaya (Cleomaceae)","authors":"Raimundo Luciano Soares Neto, W. Thomas, E. Roalson, Maria Regina de Vasconcellos Barbosa","doi":"10.3417/2022705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2022705","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A taxonomic revision of the species currently circumscribed in Tarenaya Raf. (Cleomaceae) is presented here. Tarenaya comprises 38 species distributed from Mexico to Argentina (except for Chile) and the West Indies, and with one species disjunct in Central Africa. We present a new combination, 14 lectotypifications, and two neotypifications, and describe a new species endemic to Espírito Santo, Brazil. We provide a detailed description of the genus, an identification key to the species, and, for each species, we provide descriptions, geographic distribution data, and preferred habitats, diagnostic features, morphological comments, extinction risk assessment, photographs, illustrations, and distribution maps.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"107 1","pages":"250 - 313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42382534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resumen El género Alternanthera Forssk. (Amaranthaceae) se encuentra principal y ampliamente distribuido en regiones tropicales y subtropicales de América. Se caracteriza por presentar hierbas o sufrútices de hojas opuestas, flores perfectas protegidas por una bráctea y dos bractéolas, con estigma capitado y apéndices en el tubo estaminal (o pseudoestaminodios) dispuestos en forma alterna con los filamentos estaminales con anteras funcionalmente uniloculares. En este trabajo se presenta la revisión taxonómica de las 31 especies del género que habitan en el Cono Sur y Bolivia. Se establece la nueva sinonimia de A. piptantha Pedersen con A. altacruzensis Suess. Se designan especies tipo para los nombres genéricos Brandesia Mart., Bucholzia Mart., Mogiphanes Mart., Steiremis Raf. y Telanthera R. Br. Asimismo, se designan lectotipos para Achyranthes porrigens Jacq., Alternanthera mexicana (Schltdl.) Hieron. var. gracilis Suess., A. nodiflora R. Br. var. linearifolia Moq., A. tenella Moq., Gomphrena elongata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., T. meyeriana Regel & Körn, T. rufa (Mart.) Moq. var. glabrata Seub. y un lectotipo de segundo paso para A. denticulata R. Br. Se presentan claves para la identificación de las especies, subespecies y variedades, así como descripciones morfológicas, distribución geográfica, hábitat, nombres vulgares, usos, ilustraciones, notas nomenclaturales y especímenes estudiados para todas ellas. Abstract The genus Alternanthera Forssk. (Amaranthaceae) is widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical areas of the Americas. It includes herbs or suffrutices with opposite leaves, perfect flowers protected by a bract and two bracteoles, with capitate stigma and appendages in the staminal tube (or pseudostaminodes) arranged alternately with the stamen filaments, which bear functionally unilocular anthers. Here, a taxonomic revision of the 31 species of Alternanthera that inhabit the Southern Cone and Bolivia is presented. The name A. piptantha Pedersen is synonymized with A. altacruzensis Suess. Type species are designated for genera Brandesia Mart., Bucholzia Mart., Mogiphanes Mart., Steiremis Raf., and Telanthera R. Br. In addition, lectotypes are designated for Achyranthes porrigens Jacq., Alternanthera mexicana (Schltdl.) Hieron. var. gracilis Suess., A. nodiflora R. Br. var. linearifolia Moq., A. tenella Moq., Gomphrena elongata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., T. meyeriana Regel & Körn, T. rufa (Mart.) Moq. var. glabrata Seub., and a second-step lectotype for A. denticulata R. Br. Identification keys are included for the differentiation of species, subspecies, and varieties, as well as their morphological descriptions, geographic distribution, habitat, vernacular names, uses, illustrations, nomenclatural notes, and information about the studied specimens.
Alternanthera Forssk属。(苋科)主要分布于美洲的热带和亚热带地区。它的特征是有对生叶的草或副果，由一个苞片和两个小苞片保护的完美花，在雄蕊管(或假雄蕊)上有头状柱头和附属物，与功能单室花药的雄蕊丝交替排列。该属的物种分布在玻利维亚、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、秘鲁和委内瑞拉。在本研究中，我们分析了不同物种之间的关系。模式种被指定为Brandesia Mart属名。布乔尔齐亚市场。Mogiphanes Mart。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据，该镇总面积为，其中土地和(1.)水。和Telanthera R. Br。此外，还指定了Achyranthes porrigens Jacq的选择型。墨西哥Alternanthera (Schltdl.)Hieron。格拉西利斯·苏斯。他的父亲是一名医生，母亲是一名医生。线性叶变种最小起订量。A. tenella起订量。它的自然栖息地是亚热带或热带潮湿的低地森林和亚热带或热带潮湿的山地森林。前Roem。& Schult。， T. meyeriana Regel & korn, T. rufa (Mart)Moq。他的父亲是一名律师，母亲是一名律师。以及齿状A. R. Br的第二步选择型。本文介绍了物种、亚种和变种的鉴定关键，以及它们的形态描述、地理分布、生境、通用名称、用途、插图、命名注释和研究标本。它的自然栖息地是亚热带或热带潮湿的山地森林。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该县的总面积为，其中土地和(3.064平方公里)水。它包括herbs or suffrutices with opposite leaves,完美的过protected by a bract and two bracteoles with capitate and appendages in the staminal tube (or pseudostaminodes)五日alternately with the stamen filaments, which bear functionally unilocular anthers。Here, a taxonomic订正本of the species of 31 Alternanthera inhabit the Southern Cone和玻利维亚is介绍。“A. piptantha Pedersen”这个名字是A. altacruzensis Suess的同义词。它的自然栖息地是亚热带或热带潮湿的山地森林。布乔尔齐亚市场。Mogiphanes Mart。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据，该镇总面积为，其中土地和(1.)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据，该县的总面积为，其中土地和(1.)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该县的总面积为，其中土地和(3.064平方公里)水。墨西哥Alternanthera (Schltdl.)Hieron。格拉西利斯·苏斯。他的父亲是一名医生，母亲是一名医生。线性叶变种最小起订量。A. tenella起订量。它的自然栖息地是亚热带或热带潮湿的低地森林和亚热带或热带潮湿的山地森林。前Roem。& Schult。， T. meyeriana Regel & korn, T. rufa (Mart)Moq。他的父亲是一名律师，母亲是一名律师。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该县的总面积为，其中土地和(3.064平方公里)水。= = references = = = =外部链接= = *“物种、亚种和品种的分类键”*“物种、亚种和品种的分类键”*“物种、亚种和品种的分类键”*“物种、亚种和品种的分类键”*“物种、亚种和品种的分类键”*“物种、亚种和品种的分类键”*“物种、亚种和品种的分类键”*“物种、亚种和品种的分类键”
{"title":"Revisión Taxonómica de las Especies de Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae) del Cono Sur (Argentina, Sur de Brasil, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay) y Bolivia","authors":"N. D. Bayón, Daniel A. Giuliano, J. V. Bahima","doi":"10.3417/2022679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2022679","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen El género Alternanthera Forssk. (Amaranthaceae) se encuentra principal y ampliamente distribuido en regiones tropicales y subtropicales de América. Se caracteriza por presentar hierbas o sufrútices de hojas opuestas, flores perfectas protegidas por una bráctea y dos bractéolas, con estigma capitado y apéndices en el tubo estaminal (o pseudoestaminodios) dispuestos en forma alterna con los filamentos estaminales con anteras funcionalmente uniloculares. En este trabajo se presenta la revisión taxonómica de las 31 especies del género que habitan en el Cono Sur y Bolivia. Se establece la nueva sinonimia de A. piptantha Pedersen con A. altacruzensis Suess. Se designan especies tipo para los nombres genéricos Brandesia Mart., Bucholzia Mart., Mogiphanes Mart., Steiremis Raf. y Telanthera R. Br. Asimismo, se designan lectotipos para Achyranthes porrigens Jacq., Alternanthera mexicana (Schltdl.) Hieron. var. gracilis Suess., A. nodiflora R. Br. var. linearifolia Moq., A. tenella Moq., Gomphrena elongata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., T. meyeriana Regel & Körn, T. rufa (Mart.) Moq. var. glabrata Seub. y un lectotipo de segundo paso para A. denticulata R. Br. Se presentan claves para la identificación de las especies, subespecies y variedades, así como descripciones morfológicas, distribución geográfica, hábitat, nombres vulgares, usos, ilustraciones, notas nomenclaturales y especímenes estudiados para todas ellas. Abstract The genus Alternanthera Forssk. (Amaranthaceae) is widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical areas of the Americas. It includes herbs or suffrutices with opposite leaves, perfect flowers protected by a bract and two bracteoles, with capitate stigma and appendages in the staminal tube (or pseudostaminodes) arranged alternately with the stamen filaments, which bear functionally unilocular anthers. Here, a taxonomic revision of the 31 species of Alternanthera that inhabit the Southern Cone and Bolivia is presented. The name A. piptantha Pedersen is synonymized with A. altacruzensis Suess. Type species are designated for genera Brandesia Mart., Bucholzia Mart., Mogiphanes Mart., Steiremis Raf., and Telanthera R. Br. In addition, lectotypes are designated for Achyranthes porrigens Jacq., Alternanthera mexicana (Schltdl.) Hieron. var. gracilis Suess., A. nodiflora R. Br. var. linearifolia Moq., A. tenella Moq., Gomphrena elongata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., T. meyeriana Regel & Körn, T. rufa (Mart.) Moq. var. glabrata Seub., and a second-step lectotype for A. denticulata R. Br. Identification keys are included for the differentiation of species, subspecies, and varieties, as well as their morphological descriptions, geographic distribution, habitat, vernacular names, uses, illustrations, nomenclatural notes, and information about the studied specimens.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"107 1","pages":"160 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47532455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Chromosome numbers are reported for 35 individuals of one of three species of Solidago L. sect. Multiradiatae (Semple) Semple & J. B. Beck from Canada and the United States: S. multiradiata Aiton. Identifications of nearly all vouchers for 101 previously published counts for S. leiocarpa DC., S. multiradiata, and S. spithamaea M. A. Curtis ex A. Gray were confirmed or revised following the delimitation of the section by Semple and Beck (2021). Diploids 2n = 18 occur over much of the range of S. multiradiata with tetraploids occurring in some areas of the range but unknown from others. The two narrowly distributed high Appalachian Mountains species are both polyploid: S. leiocarpa is tetraploid 2n = 36 in New Hampshire, and S. spithamaea is hexaploid 2n = 54 in North Carolina.
摘要报道了Solidago L.sect三个种之一的35个个体的染色体数目。来自加拿大和美国的多辐射科（Semple）Semple&J.B.Beck:S.multiradiata Aiton。S.leiocarpa DC之前公布的101个计数的几乎所有凭证的标识。，S.multiradiata和S.spithamaea M.A.Curtis ex A.Gray在Semple和Beck（2021）对该路段进行划界后得到确认或修订。二倍体2n=18出现在S.multiradiata的大部分范围内，四倍体出现在该范围的一些区域，但其他区域未知。这两个分布狭窄的阿巴拉契亚山脉高海拔物种都是多倍体：在新罕布什尔州，S.leiocarpa是四倍体2n=36，在北卡罗来纳州，S.spithamaea是六倍体2n=54。
{"title":"Cytogeography of Solidago sect. Multiradiatae (Asteraceae: Astereae)","authors":"J. C. Semple, J. Chmielewski","doi":"10.3417/2022739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2022739","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Chromosome numbers are reported for 35 individuals of one of three species of Solidago L. sect. Multiradiatae (Semple) Semple & J. B. Beck from Canada and the United States: S. multiradiata Aiton. Identifications of nearly all vouchers for 101 previously published counts for S. leiocarpa DC., S. multiradiata, and S. spithamaea M. A. Curtis ex A. Gray were confirmed or revised following the delimitation of the section by Semple and Beck (2021). Diploids 2n = 18 occur over much of the range of S. multiradiata with tetraploids occurring in some areas of the range but unknown from others. The two narrowly distributed high Appalachian Mountains species are both polyploid: S. leiocarpa is tetraploid 2n = 36 in New Hampshire, and S. spithamaea is hexaploid 2n = 54 in North Carolina.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"60 11","pages":"153 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41295671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Burton, C. Canteiro, T. Fernandes, H. Grice, A. R. Lourenço, C. Parra‐O., M. F. Santos, E. Lucas
Abstract Myrcia DC. sect. Calyptranthes (Sw.) A. R. Lourenço & E. Lucas is a section of the Neotropical genus Myrcia with ca. 260 known species. This paper provides a taxonomic revision of 89 species occurring across South and Central America, including the Amazon, Andes, Guiana Shield, and Mesoamerica, and extending into the Caribbean archipelago, but not including those previously treated from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. The treatment includes an identification key, informal taxonomic groupings and notes, geographic distribution information, and extinction risk assessments. Figures illustrating key morphological characters of the genus are provided including common leaf, flower bud, and inflorescence arrangements. Ten new synonyms, eight new lectotypes, and four new combinations are proposed, and a key to treated species is supplied.
{"title":"A Monographic Conspectus of Myrcia Sect. Calyptranthes (Myrtaceae) from South and Central America","authors":"G. Burton, C. Canteiro, T. Fernandes, H. Grice, A. R. Lourenço, C. Parra‐O., M. F. Santos, E. Lucas","doi":"10.3417/2022726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2022726","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Myrcia DC. sect. Calyptranthes (Sw.) A. R. Lourenço & E. Lucas is a section of the Neotropical genus Myrcia with ca. 260 known species. This paper provides a taxonomic revision of 89 species occurring across South and Central America, including the Amazon, Andes, Guiana Shield, and Mesoamerica, and extending into the Caribbean archipelago, but not including those previously treated from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. The treatment includes an identification key, informal taxonomic groupings and notes, geographic distribution information, and extinction risk assessments. Figures illustrating key morphological characters of the genus are provided including common leaf, flower bud, and inflorescence arrangements. Ten new synonyms, eight new lectotypes, and four new combinations are proposed, and a key to treated species is supplied.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"107 1","pages":"87 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44390572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mónica Tang, Chi-Chu Tsai†, Yuen-Po Yang, Chiou-Rong Sheue, Shih-Hui Liu
Abstract The monogeneric Daphniphyllaceae contain 36 taxa in the genus Daphniphyllum Blume that are endemic to Southeast Asia. Daphniphyllum is a morphologically homogeneous group of evergreen shrubs to trees divided into three sections: Daphniphyllum, Lunata T. C. Huang, and Staminodia Hurusawa. While the medicinal value of the Daphniphyllaceae has been explored in many studies, the understanding of their evolutionary history and infrageneric classification is still limited. To test the infrageneric classification and to examine evolutionary and classification hypotheses proposed by previous taxonomic studies, we reconstructed multilocus phylogenies by sampling 55.6% (= 20/36) of taxa in the genus based on both chloroplast (psbA-trnH spacer and trnL intron) and nuclear ITS (ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, and ITS2) regions. Our data do not support the monophyly of the three sections. Our results indicate that some hybridization events might have occurred in the evolutionary history of the genus. Moreover, our results support the classification hypotheses of D. glaucescens Blume in a strict sense but not in a broad sense. In addition, we elevate D. ×lanyuense (T. C. Huang) M. S. Tang, S. H. Liu & Yuen P. Yang, stat. nov., from varietal rank to species based on our results. Two putative natural hybrids, D. ×lanyuense and D. teijsmannii Zoll. ex Teijsm. & Binn., and their putative parental taxa are also revealed in our study. In sum, our results shed new insights into the sectional scope and understanding of evolutionary relationships among taxa in Daphniphyllum.
{"title":"A Multilocus Phylogeny of Daphniphyllum (Daphniphyllaceae)","authors":"Mónica Tang, Chi-Chu Tsai†, Yuen-Po Yang, Chiou-Rong Sheue, Shih-Hui Liu","doi":"10.3417/2022623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2022623","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The monogeneric Daphniphyllaceae contain 36 taxa in the genus Daphniphyllum Blume that are endemic to Southeast Asia. Daphniphyllum is a morphologically homogeneous group of evergreen shrubs to trees divided into three sections: Daphniphyllum, Lunata T. C. Huang, and Staminodia Hurusawa. While the medicinal value of the Daphniphyllaceae has been explored in many studies, the understanding of their evolutionary history and infrageneric classification is still limited. To test the infrageneric classification and to examine evolutionary and classification hypotheses proposed by previous taxonomic studies, we reconstructed multilocus phylogenies by sampling 55.6% (= 20/36) of taxa in the genus based on both chloroplast (psbA-trnH spacer and trnL intron) and nuclear ITS (ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, and ITS2) regions. Our data do not support the monophyly of the three sections. Our results indicate that some hybridization events might have occurred in the evolutionary history of the genus. Moreover, our results support the classification hypotheses of D. glaucescens Blume in a strict sense but not in a broad sense. In addition, we elevate D. ×lanyuense (T. C. Huang) M. S. Tang, S. H. Liu & Yuen P. Yang, stat. nov., from varietal rank to species based on our results. Two putative natural hybrids, D. ×lanyuense and D. teijsmannii Zoll. ex Teijsm. & Binn., and their putative parental taxa are also revealed in our study. In sum, our results shed new insights into the sectional scope and understanding of evolutionary relationships among taxa in Daphniphyllum.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"107 1","pages":"137 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46239120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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