Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden最新文献

{"title":"Toward an Updated Taxonomy of the South American Amaranthaceae II: Subfamily Salicornioideae, Tribes Salicornieae and Suaedeae","authors":"Nicolás F. Brignone, Adriel Ian Jocou, S. Denham","doi":"10.3417/2021635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2021635","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is the second in a series treating the Amaranthaceae s.l. in South America. We present here a taxonomic revision of tribes Salicornieae and Suaedeae (subfamily Salicornioideae) based on the study of herbarium material, type specimens, digital images, original publications, and field observations. The South American Amaranthaceae s.l. flora includes Allenrolfea Kuntze, Heterostachys Ung.-Sternb., Mangleticornia P. W. Ball, G. Kadereit & Cornejo, and Salicornia L. from Salicornieae, and Suaeda Forssk. ex J. F. Gmel. from Suaedeae. Lectotypes for seven names are here designated. The distribution of all species is updated based on the revision and proper identification of many herbarium specimens and field observations. A new synonym for Salicornia neei Lag. is here proposed.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49244324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Floral Micromorphology in Mimosa Sect. Calothamnos (Fabaceae)","authors":"M. C. Grohar, S. Rosenfeldt, R. Fortunato, M. Morales","doi":"10.3417/2021596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2021596","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The genus Mimosa L. is well known for its high morphological variability and the presence of taxonomic complexes—groups of taxa that are not adequately circumscribed and are therefore in continuous revision. For this study, we analyzed flowers from 28 different taxa in Mimosa sect. Calothamnos Barneby and five vegetatively similar taxa from Mimosa sect. Mimosa. We observed three calyx shapes and four (glabrous or pubescent) calyx border types, as well as describe glandular trichomes on the calyx border for the first time in section Calothamnos. While the corolla exhibits only two shape types, trichomes on the corolla are much more diverse, as we found one simple and 11 branched trichome types in diverse orientations and dispositions. Given the taxonomic value of trichomes and profuse terminology in different families, we focused on the detailed description of their micromorphology, type, and shape, finding morphological differences between trichome types, which is an easy way to adequately compare them between even unrelated taxa. Our results using trichome types on the corolla are consistent with the original differentiation of sections Calothamnos and Mimosa. Flower micromorphology also provides characters to distinguish species, groups of species, and varieties within section Calothamnos and could be useful in a future taxonomic treatment of the section. We also found that some floral features, such as inflorescence color and stamen fusion, are associated with the characters used in this study.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"106 1","pages":"271 - 291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42009243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Podagrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae)","authors":"A. M. Molina, Zulma E. Rúgolo, M. A. Ferrero, P. C. Palacio, C. Guerreiro, A. S. Vega","doi":"10.3417/2021642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2021642","url":null,"abstract":"A taxonomic revision of the genus Podagrostis (Griseb.) Scribn. & Merr. is presented, including two new combinations: P. meridensis (Luces) A. M. Molina & Rúgolo and P. novogaliciana (McVaugh) A. M. Molina & Rúgolo. Podagrostis bacillata (Hack.) Sylvester & Soreng constitutes a new report for Colombia. Information regarding synonymy, geographical distribution, habitat, iconography, and vernacular names is provided along with complete illustrations and a list of additional specimens examined. A key for the identification of the species is included as well as a comparative table based on macro- and micromorphological data. The anatomical character of Trichodium net on lemma epidermis, as well as its diagnostic value, is discussed in species of Podagrostis and most related genera (e.g., Agrostis L., Chaetotropis Kunth, and Polypogon Desf., among others).","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49338425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromosome Numbers and Ploidy Levels of Some Paniceae and Paspaleae Species (Poaceae, Panicoideae)","authors":"A. Honfi, O. Morrone, F. Zuloaga","doi":"10.3417/2021585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2021585","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chromosome numbers and ploidy levels of 24 accessions of 17 species of tribe Panicoideae from Argentina, Cuba, and Brazil are given. Most of the studied species are endemics. The studied taxa are: Axonopus aureus P. Beauv., Dichanthelium aequivaginatum (Swallen) Zuloaga, D. stipiflorum (Renvoize) Zuloaga, D. surrectum (Chase ex Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga, Homolepis isocalycia (G. Mey.) Chase, Paspalum arenarium Schrad., P. blodgettii Chapm., P. capillifolium Nash, P. coryphaeum Trin., P. distortum Chase, P. durifolium Mez, P. lindenianum A. Rich., P. oligostachyum Salzm. ex Steud., P. pumilum Nees, P. scutatum Nees ex Trin., P. strigosum Döll ex Chase, and Plagiantha tenella Renvoize; of these, the chromosome numbers of D. aequivaginatum, D. stipiflorum, D. surrectum (n = 9), Homolepis isocalycia (n = 20), Paspalum capillifolium, P. distortum, P. lindenianum, P. oligostachyum, and P. strigosum (n = 10) are presented for the first time. A new diploid cytotype (n = 10) for Paspalum blodgettii was found.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"106 1","pages":"234 - 244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43781477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the Taxonomy of Citharexylum (Verbenaceae): A Revision of the South American Taxa","authors":"N. O’Leary, Laura A. Frost, Fabiana Mirra, P. Moroni","doi":"10.3417/2021537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2021537","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Citharexylum L. belongs to the recently circumscribed tribe Citharexyleae of the Verbenaceae, along with Rehdera Moldenke. It comprises around 50 to 60 species of trees and shrubs growing in the Neotropics. A complete taxonomic revision of Citharexylum in South America is here provided for the first time. Thirty taxa are present in South America, 27 of these are endemic, and three of them also grow in Central America. Detailed morphological descriptions are given for each taxon, as well as a key for their identification; illustrations, photographs, or iconography; updated synonymy; geographic distribution maps and ecological notes; list of selected specimens; and discussion about the relationship among closely related taxa. A new status, C. poeppigii Walp. var. anomalum (Moldenke) N. O'Leary, and a new combination, C. dentatum D. Don var. canescens (Moldenke) N. O'Leary, are proposed. Thirty-five new synonyms are suggested, and lectotypes are designated for C. fruticosum L. var. brittonii (Moldenke) I. E. Méndez, C. laurifolium Hayek, and Rauvolfia spinosa Cav.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"106 1","pages":"167 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49453359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Neotropical Croton sect. Geiseleria (Euphorbiaceae): Classification Update, Phylogenetic Framework, and Seven New Species from South America","authors":"R. Riina, B. Ee, M. B. Caruzo, D. S. Carneiro-Torres, R. F. D. Santos, P. Berry","doi":"10.3417/2021669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2021669","url":null,"abstract":"A revised assessment of Croton L. sect. Geiseleria (A. Gray) Baill. is provided. The section as now circumscribed includes 84 species ranging across warm areas of the Americas. A nuclear ITS phylogeny of 150 accessions from 83 species and a chloroplast trnL-F phylogeny of 89 accessions from 65 species were generated to confirm correct phylogenetic placement of the species and to determine if any species previously included in the section should now be excluded. Seven new species are described, and we present a taxonomic synopsis that lists all currently accepted species along with their synonyms, distributions, and pertinent comments. We also recognize four subsections within Croton sect. Geiseleria and list their corresponding species. Based on both morphological and molecular criteria, we now recognize C. lagunillae Croizat as a distinct species, rather than as a variety of C. guildingii Griseb. (now treated as C. suavis Kunth), and we treat C. ramillatus Croizat var. magniglandulifer V. W. Steinm. as a species, C. magniglandulifer (V. W. Steinm.) B. W. van Ee. We also exclude C. tetradenius Baill. from Croton sect. Geiseleria (A. Gray) Baill. along with related species such as C. pulegiodorus Baill. and C. leptobotryus Müll. Arg., which are either members of Croton sect. Adenophylli Griseb. or else may merit new sectional status. We also exclude C. waltherioides Urb., although it is not clear to which section of Croton it belongs.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43611085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic Studies of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy Region. VII. Revision of Diospyros Sect. Forbesia in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands","authors":"Alexander G. Linan, P. Lowry, G. Schatz","doi":"10.3417/2021644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2021644","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A recent molecular phylogenetic study revealed that Diospyros L. sect. Forbesia F. White, originally circumscribed to encompass two species from Africa and several from the Mascarene Islands (White, 1980), also includes a group of species endemic to Madagascar. The taxonomy of the Malagasy members of the section has not been examined since Perrier de la Bâthie's 1952 treatment in the Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, and in the intervening seven decades, numerous specimens have been collected that cannot be identified based on the key provided. This revision presents a significantly updated taxonomy of Diospyros sect. Forbesia in the Malagasy region in which 18 species are recognized, 14 of which are newly described and illustrated, including one new species restricted to Mayotte Island in the Comoro archipelago. An identification key is provided as well as IUCN risk of extinction assessments, which indicate that two species are Critically Endangered, four are Endangered, and seven are Vulnerable, while one is Near Threatened and four are Least Concern. A full description is provided for each species, along with color photos; each of the new species is also illustrated with a line drawing.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"106 1","pages":"72 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41741876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Brief Early History of Plant Science in St. Louis and the Partnership between Washington University and the Missouri Botanical Garden","authors":"R. Quatrano, Audrey S. Metcalf","doi":"10.3417/2021647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2021647","url":null,"abstract":"Since the founding of the Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG) in 1859, the emphasis on research and the distribution of research findings in botany has been, and will remain, one of the central components of the garden’s mission. Likewise, Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL), the MBG’s partner in graduate programs since 1885, has had a continuous and similarly strong emphasis on research and the dissemination of research findings in plant science through publications. Since the beginning of this partnership, the ongoing extension of common research themes has been critical, through the early focus on traditional botanical studies (1885–1930) at the MBG, the move toward a focus on physiology and the emerging field of ecology (1930–1960), and eventually the shift to the study of biochemistry, molecular biology, and genomic studies in plant science (1960–present), primarily at WUSTL. For more than 135 years (1885–2020), this St. Louis–based collaboration has had a prominent place in the region’s rich history in plant science. In recent years, collaboration with and contributions from other St. Louis–area degree-granting institutions in the field (such as Saint Louis University [SLU] and the University of Missouri–St. Louis [UMSL]) have steadily increased. Couple this with the addition of the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center (Danforth Center) in 2000, which, like the MBG, has undertaken research and training in plant science, and you now have impressive depth and diversity within St. Louis’s plant science offerings. As a result, both organizations train students and carry out peer-reviewed research funded by the same agencies (i.e., National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Agriculture) as the region’s degree-granting institutions. Every year, a significant number of master’s degree and Ph.D. graduates in this consortium comprise an impressive pool of talent available for postdoctoral training, research, and teaching positions, as well as employment in government entities and private and public life science corporations. To this end, St. Louis has one of the largest concentrations of plant science Ph.D.’s in the world (with more than 1,000 such individuals residing in the region [BioSTL, 2018]), as well as a broad diversity of disciplines represented. In addition, the faculties at both the Danforth Center and MBG frequently serve as adjunct members of university departments and as advisors to graduate students, and greatly increase the breadth of topics offered in the St. Louis plant science community, particularly in areas not directly supported by the universities. Both organizations contribute to an increasingly important part of this ecosystem. Below is a short history of the relationship between the MBG and WUSTL, and how this collaboration, primarily through graduate research education, has been foundational for the St. Louis area’s impressive plant science ecosystem. This is not a detailed review of ","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"106 1","pages":"64-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45031733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Genus Drypetes (Putranjivaceae) in Liberia: An Annotated Checklist with a New Species, D. Liberica","authors":"A. Quintanar, D. Harris, P. Barberá","doi":"10.3417/2021622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2021622","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We present an annotated checklist of the 14 species of Drypetes Vahl (Putranjivaceae) that occur in Liberia, as well as distribution maps of the country for each. Three species are new records for Liberia: D. floribunda (Müll. Arg.) Hutch., D. klainei Pierre ex Pax, and D. laciniata (Pax) Hutch. In addition, we describe a new species, D. liberica Quintanar & D. J. Harris, an understory shrub or small tree that is endemic to Liberia. Based on the specimens studied, we provide types for all names, including 14 newly selected lectotypes, in order to stabilize the nomenclature of the taxa involved. We also lectotypify one species, D. leonensis Pax, that for the moment we do not cite for Liberia, but the name has been the source of confusion with a species that does occur in the country.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":"106 1","pages":"47 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44176131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome Size in South American Gentianella (Gentianaceae, Swertiinae), with a Special Emphasis on Species from the Bolivian and Ecuadorian Andes","authors":"S. Pfanzelt, J. Ptáček, P. Sklenář, K. B. Hagen, D. Albach","doi":"10.3417/2020610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3417/2020610","url":null,"abstract":"The subcosmopolitan genus Gentianella Moench (Gentianaceae, Swertiinae), with more than 170 currently accepted species in South America alone, is one of the emblematic examples of major and rapid radiations in the Andes. However, the taxonomy of South American Gentianella is far from being resolved. Over a century has passed since the publication of the last comprehensive treatment by Ernst Gilg in 1916. Using flow cytometry, the genome size of 115 accessions of 39 species, of which 37 were from South America, was measured, with the objective to assess the taxonomic utility of that trait. Also, the relationships of genome size with environmental factors such as mean annual temperature and precipitation, as well as the life history traits, habit, reproduction, habitat, and elevational belt were examined. The genome size values of the investigated South American accessions fell into two size classes, ranging from 2C = 7.60 pg to 11.30 pg and from 2C = 16.54 pg to 18.34 pg. The latter size class contained only accessions of G. briquetiana (Gilg) T. N. Ho & S. W. Liu. These accessions, and a further one of G. limoselloides (Kunth) Fabris with an intermediate value of 2C = 14.71 pg, were inferred to be octoploid. Genome size was not correlated with temperature, precipitation, habit, or elevational belt. By contrast, significant differences in genome size between groups were found regarding habitat and reproduction. Furthermore, genome size of one of the informal taxonomic groups of Gilg (Barbatae) differed from that of the remaining groups. However, this finding is of doubtful taxonomic relevance because of inconsistencies in the application of Gilg’s defining criterion of Barbatae, i.e., the presence of trichomes inside the corolla tube. Based on the overall results, it is concluded that genome size is not a taxonomically useful trait in South American Gentianella. Still, the data offer a first view on genome size variation and evolution in this diverse but poorly studied group.","PeriodicalId":55510,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44301399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}