Khuat Dang Long, C. van Achterberg, J. Carpenter, N. Oanh
ABSTRACT The genus Wroughtonia Cameron (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Helconinae) is reviewed. Twelve new species of the genus Wroughtonia are described and illustrated: Wroughtonia angularis, sp. nov.; W. aspera, sp. nov.; W. coffeana, sp. nov.; W. elongata, sp. nov.; W. laevis, sp. nov.; W. plana, sp. nov.; W. similis, sp. nov.; W. simulata, sp. nov.; W. sonla, sp. nov., and W. vietnamica, sp. nov., authored by Long, and W. hatinhensis, sp. nov., and W. undulata, sp. nov., authored by Long and van Achterberg. A new subgenus (Neowroughtonia, type species Wroughtonia angularis) is proposed for the species with mandibles angularly bend ventrally; malar suture absent; occipital carina indistinct mediodorsally and vein 2-SC+R of hind wing vertical. Five species are newly recorded for the Braconidae fauna of Vietnam, viz. W. bifurcata Yan and van Achterberg, 2017; W. brevicarinata (Yan and Chen, 2014); W. indica (Singh, Belokobylskij and Chouhan, 2005); W. cornuta Cameron, 1899, and W. varifemora Yan and Chen, 2017. A key to Vietnamese species of Wroughtonia is provided.
{"title":"Review of the Genus Wroughtonia Cameron, 1899 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Helconinae), with the Description of 12 New Species from Vietnam","authors":"Khuat Dang Long, C. van Achterberg, J. Carpenter, N. Oanh","doi":"10.1206/3953.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1206/3953.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The genus Wroughtonia Cameron (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Helconinae) is reviewed. Twelve new species of the genus Wroughtonia are described and illustrated: Wroughtonia angularis, sp. nov.; W. aspera, sp. nov.; W. coffeana, sp. nov.; W. elongata, sp. nov.; W. laevis, sp. nov.; W. plana, sp. nov.; W. similis, sp. nov.; W. simulata, sp. nov.; W. sonla, sp. nov., and W. vietnamica, sp. nov., authored by Long, and W. hatinhensis, sp. nov., and W. undulata, sp. nov., authored by Long and van Achterberg. A new subgenus (Neowroughtonia, type species Wroughtonia angularis) is proposed for the species with mandibles angularly bend ventrally; malar suture absent; occipital carina indistinct mediodorsally and vein 2-SC+R of hind wing vertical. Five species are newly recorded for the Braconidae fauna of Vietnam, viz. W. bifurcata Yan and van Achterberg, 2017; W. brevicarinata (Yan and Chen, 2014); W. indica (Singh, Belokobylskij and Chouhan, 2005); W. cornuta Cameron, 1899, and W. varifemora Yan and Chen, 2017. A key to Vietnamese species of Wroughtonia is provided.","PeriodicalId":55527,"journal":{"name":"American Museum Novitates","volume":"2020 1","pages":"1 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43818663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Grohé, L. de Bonis, Y. Chaimanee, O. Chavasseau, M. Rugbumrung, C. Yamee, K. Suraprasit, Corentin Gibert, Jérôme Surault, C. Blondel, J. Jaeger
ABSTRACT The late middle Miocene fossil-bearing lignite zones of the Mae Moh Basin, northern Thailand, have yielded a rich vertebrate fauna, including two species of Carnivora described thus far: the bunodont otter Siamogale thailandica (known from over a 100 specimens) and the large amphicyonid Maemohcyon potisati. Here we describe additional carnivoran material from Mae Moh comprising new remains of Maemohcyon potisati as well as remains of seven new carnivorans belonging to at least four families: a new species of Siamogale (S. bounosa), a new species of another otter (Vishnuonyx maemohensis), one representative of the genus Pseudarctos (a small amphicyonid), a new genus of Asian palm civet, Siamictis, one representative of another civet (cf. Viverra sp.), a new species of mongoose (Leptoplesictis peignei) and a Feliformia indet. This carnivoran assemblage constitutes one of the richest for the middle Miocene of eastern Asia and by far the richest for the Neogene of Southeast Asia. While the presence of new species indicates a certain degree of endemism for the Mae Moh Basin, paleobiogeographic cluster analyses conducted on carnivoran faunas from the middle and late Miocene of Asia indicates that a southern Asian biogeographic province, analogous to the current Oriental Realm, has existed since at least the middle Miocene. These results strengthen the observation that the Himalayan Mountains and Tibetan Plateau constitute significant physical barriers as well as an important climatic barrier (through the strengthening of monsoon systems) preventing north-south mammal dispersals in Asia since at least the middle Miocene.
{"title":"The Late Middle Miocene Mae Moh Basin of Northern Thailand: The Richest Neogene Assemblage of Carnivora from Southeast Asia and a Paleobiogeographic Analysis of Miocene Asian Carnivorans","authors":"C. Grohé, L. de Bonis, Y. Chaimanee, O. Chavasseau, M. Rugbumrung, C. Yamee, K. Suraprasit, Corentin Gibert, Jérôme Surault, C. Blondel, J. Jaeger","doi":"10.1206/3952.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1206/3952.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The late middle Miocene fossil-bearing lignite zones of the Mae Moh Basin, northern Thailand, have yielded a rich vertebrate fauna, including two species of Carnivora described thus far: the bunodont otter Siamogale thailandica (known from over a 100 specimens) and the large amphicyonid Maemohcyon potisati. Here we describe additional carnivoran material from Mae Moh comprising new remains of Maemohcyon potisati as well as remains of seven new carnivorans belonging to at least four families: a new species of Siamogale (S. bounosa), a new species of another otter (Vishnuonyx maemohensis), one representative of the genus Pseudarctos (a small amphicyonid), a new genus of Asian palm civet, Siamictis, one representative of another civet (cf. Viverra sp.), a new species of mongoose (Leptoplesictis peignei) and a Feliformia indet. This carnivoran assemblage constitutes one of the richest for the middle Miocene of eastern Asia and by far the richest for the Neogene of Southeast Asia. While the presence of new species indicates a certain degree of endemism for the Mae Moh Basin, paleobiogeographic cluster analyses conducted on carnivoran faunas from the middle and late Miocene of Asia indicates that a southern Asian biogeographic province, analogous to the current Oriental Realm, has existed since at least the middle Miocene. These results strengthen the observation that the Himalayan Mountains and Tibetan Plateau constitute significant physical barriers as well as an important climatic barrier (through the strengthening of monsoon systems) preventing north-south mammal dispersals in Asia since at least the middle Miocene.","PeriodicalId":55527,"journal":{"name":"American Museum Novitates","volume":"2020 1","pages":"1 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49460689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT A new species of the rare genus Trichogenes is reported on the basis of specimens without locality and other associated data. The obvious distinctiveness, taxonomic relevance, and phylogenetic importance of the new taxon justify its description with material at hand. Trichogenes beagle, new species, differs from all congeners by the presence of tricuspidate teeth on its jaws; by the distribution of opercular odontodes along a wide area of the margin of the opercle; by the pale integumentary pigmentation, composed of few scattered small spots on dorsum and flanks, but lacking large spots near the base of the anal fin; and by the absence of differential concentration of dark chromatophores along the base of the dorsal fin. The new species differs further from each of its two congeners, T. longipinnis and T. claviger, by various additional traits of internal and external morphology and pigmentation. Trichogenes beagle seems to be the closest relative of T. claviger, the two species sharing a number of putatively derived traits not present in T. longipinnis, such as the presence of a large anterodorsal clawlike process on the neural arches of the anterior four free vertebrae. The three species now included in Trichogenes share all synapomorphies previously proposed for the genus, thus strongly supporting generic monophyly. The enigmatic disc-shaped orbital bone in T. beagle and congeners is homologous to a topologically equivalent rodlike structure in other trichomycterids. New comparative information corroborates the hypothesis that the bone is a neomorphic structure, here called the barbular bone. Previous proposals of its homology with the antorbital or supraorbital are refuted. Ontogenetic data demonstrate that the anterior element of the infraorbital series in trichomycterids is a fusion between the lacrimal and antorbital, as postulated—but previously poorly demonstrated—for other catfishes. The structure of the opercle in the new species is intermediate between the highly derived morphology in most trichomycterids and the plesiomorphic condition in other loricarioids, helping to understand the evolution of the opercle of trichomycterids. New information on T. claviger is reported on the basis of additional material.
{"title":"A New Species of Trichogenes (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae), with a Discussion on the Homologies of the Anterior Orbital Bones in Trichomycterids and Other Loricarioids","authors":"M. D. De Pinna, Vinícius Reis, H. Britski","doi":"10.1206/3951.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1206/3951.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new species of the rare genus Trichogenes is reported on the basis of specimens without locality and other associated data. The obvious distinctiveness, taxonomic relevance, and phylogenetic importance of the new taxon justify its description with material at hand. Trichogenes beagle, new species, differs from all congeners by the presence of tricuspidate teeth on its jaws; by the distribution of opercular odontodes along a wide area of the margin of the opercle; by the pale integumentary pigmentation, composed of few scattered small spots on dorsum and flanks, but lacking large spots near the base of the anal fin; and by the absence of differential concentration of dark chromatophores along the base of the dorsal fin. The new species differs further from each of its two congeners, T. longipinnis and T. claviger, by various additional traits of internal and external morphology and pigmentation. Trichogenes beagle seems to be the closest relative of T. claviger, the two species sharing a number of putatively derived traits not present in T. longipinnis, such as the presence of a large anterodorsal clawlike process on the neural arches of the anterior four free vertebrae. The three species now included in Trichogenes share all synapomorphies previously proposed for the genus, thus strongly supporting generic monophyly. The enigmatic disc-shaped orbital bone in T. beagle and congeners is homologous to a topologically equivalent rodlike structure in other trichomycterids. New comparative information corroborates the hypothesis that the bone is a neomorphic structure, here called the barbular bone. Previous proposals of its homology with the antorbital or supraorbital are refuted. Ontogenetic data demonstrate that the anterior element of the infraorbital series in trichomycterids is a fusion between the lacrimal and antorbital, as postulated—but previously poorly demonstrated—for other catfishes. The structure of the opercle in the new species is intermediate between the highly derived morphology in most trichomycterids and the plesiomorphic condition in other loricarioids, helping to understand the evolution of the opercle of trichomycterids. New information on T. claviger is reported on the basis of additional material.","PeriodicalId":55527,"journal":{"name":"American Museum Novitates","volume":"2020 1","pages":"1 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41994854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera: Yinpterochiroptera: Pteropodidae) are a diverse radiation endemic to the tropics of Africa, Asia, Australia, and nearby island archipelagos. Recent molecular analyses have provided considerable resolution of phylogenetic relationships within this group, but many points of uncertainty have remained including the position of several enigmatic taxa (e.g., Notopteris, Eidolon), relationships among species in more diverse subfamilies and genera (e.g., Pteropodinae, Pteropus, Epomophorus), and topology of the backbone of the tree. Here we provide a new, synthetic analysis including representatives of all 45 currently recognized genera and enhanced sampling in several speciose genera. Our matrix included four nuclear genes regions (vWF, RAG1, RAG2, and BRCA1) and four mitochondrial gene loci (Cytb, tRNA valine, 12S rRNA, and 16S rRNA) for a total of >8000 bp including new sequence data for 13 species. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses resulted in trees supporting recognition of six main suprageneric clades similar in content to those identified in our previous studies. We did not recover strong support for relationships among the main clades along the backbone of the tree, but identified many well-supported clades within all of the major groups. Based on these results, we propose a new classification for Pteropodidae comprising eight subfamilies and 14 tribes, and including several new and/or replacement higher-level taxonomic names for which we provide morphological diagnoses.
{"title":"A Species-Level Phylogeny of Old World Fruit Bats with a New Higher-Level Classification of the Family Pteropodidae","authors":"F. C. Almeida, N. Simmons, N. Giannini","doi":"10.1206/3950.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1206/3950.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera: Yinpterochiroptera: Pteropodidae) are a diverse radiation endemic to the tropics of Africa, Asia, Australia, and nearby island archipelagos. Recent molecular analyses have provided considerable resolution of phylogenetic relationships within this group, but many points of uncertainty have remained including the position of several enigmatic taxa (e.g., Notopteris, Eidolon), relationships among species in more diverse subfamilies and genera (e.g., Pteropodinae, Pteropus, Epomophorus), and topology of the backbone of the tree. Here we provide a new, synthetic analysis including representatives of all 45 currently recognized genera and enhanced sampling in several speciose genera. Our matrix included four nuclear genes regions (vWF, RAG1, RAG2, and BRCA1) and four mitochondrial gene loci (Cytb, tRNA valine, 12S rRNA, and 16S rRNA) for a total of >8000 bp including new sequence data for 13 species. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses resulted in trees supporting recognition of six main suprageneric clades similar in content to those identified in our previous studies. We did not recover strong support for relationships among the main clades along the backbone of the tree, but identified many well-supported clades within all of the major groups. Based on these results, we propose a new classification for Pteropodidae comprising eight subfamilies and 14 tribes, and including several new and/or replacement higher-level taxonomic names for which we provide morphological diagnoses.","PeriodicalId":55527,"journal":{"name":"American Museum Novitates","volume":"2020 1","pages":"1 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44537175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT We used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences to examine patterns of differentiation and evolution in the Musophagidae, an avian family endemic to sub-Saharan Africa; attention was focused on the subfamily Musophaginae, the turacos, or louries. Phylogeographic analysis of 410 individual ND2 sequences from throughout the ranges of the currently recognized species revealed multiple instances of unexpectedly large genetic divergences and cryptic taxa. Within both montane and lowland species, including Tauraco hartlaubi and T. schalowi, Menelikornis leucotis, Musophaga macrorhyncha, and Gallirex johnstoni, fixed private haplotypes were found in disjunct portions of the ranges, suggesting negligible recent gene flow and evolutionary independence of populations. Two taxa originally described as subspecies (T. schalowi loitanus and T. s. marungensis), but not recognized for over 50 years, were found to be 100% diagnosable based on the mitochondrial sequences. The data also revealed the existence of two polyphyletic traditional species, Tauraco livingstonii and T. schuettii, as well as the polyphyly or paraphyly of all traditional superspecies complexes involving members of the genus Tauraco. Overall, our analyses of genetic and morphological variation revealed substantial and unexpected geographic diversity within the Musophagidae. We recognize 33 species-level taxa that represent the appropriate units for phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses (phylogenetic species). We used complete mitochondrial ND2 sequences and nuclear DNA sequences of an Aconitase intron and of the RAG-1 exon to infer the phylogenetic relationships among those species. The results include all the phylogenetic species and, for the first time, nuclear data. We present a new classification of the Musophagidae based on our phylogeographic and phylogenetic results. We allocate the 33 species to seven previously recognized genera, an average of 4.7 species per genus.
{"title":"Phylogeography, Species Limits, Phylogeny, and Classification of the Turacos (Aves: Musophagidae) Based on Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Sequences","authors":"Utku Perktaş, J. G. Groth, G. Barrowclough","doi":"10.1206/3949.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1206/3949.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences to examine patterns of differentiation and evolution in the Musophagidae, an avian family endemic to sub-Saharan Africa; attention was focused on the subfamily Musophaginae, the turacos, or louries. Phylogeographic analysis of 410 individual ND2 sequences from throughout the ranges of the currently recognized species revealed multiple instances of unexpectedly large genetic divergences and cryptic taxa. Within both montane and lowland species, including Tauraco hartlaubi and T. schalowi, Menelikornis leucotis, Musophaga macrorhyncha, and Gallirex johnstoni, fixed private haplotypes were found in disjunct portions of the ranges, suggesting negligible recent gene flow and evolutionary independence of populations. Two taxa originally described as subspecies (T. schalowi loitanus and T. s. marungensis), but not recognized for over 50 years, were found to be 100% diagnosable based on the mitochondrial sequences. The data also revealed the existence of two polyphyletic traditional species, Tauraco livingstonii and T. schuettii, as well as the polyphyly or paraphyly of all traditional superspecies complexes involving members of the genus Tauraco. Overall, our analyses of genetic and morphological variation revealed substantial and unexpected geographic diversity within the Musophagidae. We recognize 33 species-level taxa that represent the appropriate units for phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses (phylogenetic species). We used complete mitochondrial ND2 sequences and nuclear DNA sequences of an Aconitase intron and of the RAG-1 exon to infer the phylogenetic relationships among those species. The results include all the phylogenetic species and, for the first time, nuclear data. We present a new classification of the Musophagidae based on our phylogeographic and phylogenetic results. We allocate the 33 species to seven previously recognized genera, an average of 4.7 species per genus.","PeriodicalId":55527,"journal":{"name":"American Museum Novitates","volume":"2020 1","pages":"1 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49340216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Two new species of Disteniini are described: Novantinoe apiculatra from Colombia and Paracometes viridis from Peru (new country record for the genus). An updated key and a geographical distribution map for species of Paracometes Villiers, 1957, are provided. The two new species are illustrated with dorsal, ventral, lateral, and frontal views. Additionally, geographical distribution of six species of Disteniini are expanded with new department and country records.
{"title":"South American Disteniini (Disteniidae, Coleoptera): New Species and New Distribution Records","authors":"J. Botero, Nayeli Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1206/3948.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1206/3948.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Two new species of Disteniini are described: Novantinoe apiculatra from Colombia and Paracometes viridis from Peru (new country record for the genus). An updated key and a geographical distribution map for species of Paracometes Villiers, 1957, are provided. The two new species are illustrated with dorsal, ventral, lateral, and frontal views. Additionally, geographical distribution of six species of Disteniini are expanded with new department and country records.","PeriodicalId":55527,"journal":{"name":"American Museum Novitates","volume":"2020 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44056956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. J. Cole, H. Dessauer, M. Paulissen, James M. Walker
ABSTRACT Karyotypes and allozyme data for 32 genetic loci overwhelmingly support the conclusion that Aspidoscelis laredoensis is a diploid all-female species that had a hybrid origin between A. gularis × A. sexlineatus. Comparisons of allozymes in individuals representing three mother-to-daughter generations raised in the laboratory suggest that they reproduce by parthenogenetic cloning. In addition to two previously described morphotypes (pattern classes A and B) that occur in southern Texas, we report the existence of three all-female clonal lineages based on allozymes. Individuals of at least one of these lineages occasionally hybridize in nature with males of A. gularis, producing viable and healthy triploid offspring that can grow to adulthood, one of which herself produced an offspring in the laboratory and could have represented a new, clonal triploid species. The possibility exists that cloned offspring of triploid hybrids are present in South Texas and/or northern Mexico, awaiting discovery. These would represent a new species that would appear to be very similar to A. laredoensis.
{"title":"Hybridization between Whiptail Lizards in Texas: Aspidoscelis laredoensis and A. Gularis, with Notes on Reproduction of a Hybrid","authors":"C. J. Cole, H. Dessauer, M. Paulissen, James M. Walker","doi":"10.1206/3947.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1206/3947.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Karyotypes and allozyme data for 32 genetic loci overwhelmingly support the conclusion that Aspidoscelis laredoensis is a diploid all-female species that had a hybrid origin between A. gularis × A. sexlineatus. Comparisons of allozymes in individuals representing three mother-to-daughter generations raised in the laboratory suggest that they reproduce by parthenogenetic cloning. In addition to two previously described morphotypes (pattern classes A and B) that occur in southern Texas, we report the existence of three all-female clonal lineages based on allozymes. Individuals of at least one of these lineages occasionally hybridize in nature with males of A. gularis, producing viable and healthy triploid offspring that can grow to adulthood, one of which herself produced an offspring in the laboratory and could have represented a new, clonal triploid species. The possibility exists that cloned offspring of triploid hybrids are present in South Texas and/or northern Mexico, awaiting discovery. These would represent a new species that would appear to be very similar to A. laredoensis.","PeriodicalId":55527,"journal":{"name":"American Museum Novitates","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46353792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT DNA sequence data obtained from the 96 year old holotype of Marmosa elegans coquimbensis Tate, 1931, support the hypothesis that this nominal taxon is a synonym or subspecies of Thylamys elegans (Waterhouse, 1839) and is not conspecific with T. pallidior (Thomas, 1902).
{"title":"DNA Sequence Data from the Holotype of Marmosa elegans coquimbensis Tate, 1931 (Mammalia: Didelphidae) Resolve its Disputed Relationships","authors":"Thomas C. Giarla, R. Voss","doi":"10.1206/3946.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1206/3946.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT DNA sequence data obtained from the 96 year old holotype of Marmosa elegans coquimbensis Tate, 1931, support the hypothesis that this nominal taxon is a synonym or subspecies of Thylamys elegans (Waterhouse, 1839) and is not conspecific with T. pallidior (Thomas, 1902).","PeriodicalId":55527,"journal":{"name":"American Museum Novitates","volume":"2020 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46646355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Gusmão, Cherie Qu, Sadie L. Burke, E. Rodríguez
ABSTRACT Burrowing sea anemones have a simple morphology with an elongate body and a round aboral end that anchors the animal into mud, sand, or gravel, leaving only the tentacle crown exposed. Edwardsiids are easily differentiated from other burrowing sea anemones by their distinctive mesentery arrangement of eight unpaired macrocnemes at midcolumn with microcnemes restricted to the distal column at the base of the tentacles. Though edwardsiids may be frequently collected in biodiversity surveys, oceanographic expeditions, and ecological monitoring projects, their identification is particularly hampered by their small size, the need for histology, the high number of undescribed species, and the few specialists able to identify them. Scolanthus belongs to the subfamily Edwardsiinae, which is characterized by nemathybomes; it is differentiated from other members of the subfamily by having nemathybomes with basitrichs and periderm in the proximal end, at least eight microcnemes, and 16 or more tentacles in adults. The 14 valid species of Scolanthus are distributed worldwide, but only four species have been recorded from waters deeper than 100 m (S. ingolfi, 1461 m; S. nidarosiensis, 125–150 m; S. intermedius, 223 m; S. triangulus, 71–271 m). Here we describe Scolanthus shrimp, sp. nov., and S. celticus, sp. nov., the first two sea anemones recorded from the deep-sea Whittard Canyon off the coast of Ireland. We provide detailed morphological descriptions of the new species, including micro-CT scanning of S. celticus, and differentiate them from other species in the genus. We also generate a phylogeny using five molecular markers (12S, 16S, 18S, 28S, CO3) to establish the phylogenetic position of the new species. Based on our results, we discuss the relationship of Scolanthus to other edwardsiid genera and implications for the morphology and evolution of the group.
{"title":"Two New Deep-Sea Species of Burrowing Anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon Off the Southwestern Coast of Ireland","authors":"L. Gusmão, Cherie Qu, Sadie L. Burke, E. Rodríguez","doi":"10.1206/3945.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1206/3945.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Burrowing sea anemones have a simple morphology with an elongate body and a round aboral end that anchors the animal into mud, sand, or gravel, leaving only the tentacle crown exposed. Edwardsiids are easily differentiated from other burrowing sea anemones by their distinctive mesentery arrangement of eight unpaired macrocnemes at midcolumn with microcnemes restricted to the distal column at the base of the tentacles. Though edwardsiids may be frequently collected in biodiversity surveys, oceanographic expeditions, and ecological monitoring projects, their identification is particularly hampered by their small size, the need for histology, the high number of undescribed species, and the few specialists able to identify them. Scolanthus belongs to the subfamily Edwardsiinae, which is characterized by nemathybomes; it is differentiated from other members of the subfamily by having nemathybomes with basitrichs and periderm in the proximal end, at least eight microcnemes, and 16 or more tentacles in adults. The 14 valid species of Scolanthus are distributed worldwide, but only four species have been recorded from waters deeper than 100 m (S. ingolfi, 1461 m; S. nidarosiensis, 125–150 m; S. intermedius, 223 m; S. triangulus, 71–271 m). Here we describe Scolanthus shrimp, sp. nov., and S. celticus, sp. nov., the first two sea anemones recorded from the deep-sea Whittard Canyon off the coast of Ireland. We provide detailed morphological descriptions of the new species, including micro-CT scanning of S. celticus, and differentiate them from other species in the genus. We also generate a phylogeny using five molecular markers (12S, 16S, 18S, 28S, CO3) to establish the phylogenetic position of the new species. Based on our results, we discuss the relationship of Scolanthus to other edwardsiid genera and implications for the morphology and evolution of the group.","PeriodicalId":55527,"journal":{"name":"American Museum Novitates","volume":"2020 1","pages":"1 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46994805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The type species of Phrurotimpus, Herpyllus alarius Hentz, was based on a female from Alabama; because Hentz's type specimens were destroyed long ago, the identity of this species has been controversial for over a century. Examination of Hentz's original color paintings of his specimen indicates that earlier authors, such as Bishop and Crosby, and Chamberlin and Ivie, were correct in arguing that Emerton erred in assigning the name to a species common in the northeastern United States. Unfortunately, Kaston (who had access only to the published, black- and-white illustrations) subsequently sided with Emerton, and that misidentification has been followed in all more recent literature. Phrurotimpus palustris (Banks) and P. annulatus Chamberlin and Ivie are removed from the synonymy of P. alarius and considered valid. P. palustris refers to the common northeastern species, whereas P. annulatus refers to a sibling species apparently restricted to the southeastern United States; Hentz's P. alarius is a member of a different species group entirely. Four other species are assigned to the palustris group, which is known only from the eastern United States and Canada: P. umbratilis (Bishop and Crosby), P. wallacei (Gertsch, here transferred from Phrurolithus), and two new species: P. sorkini from Georgia and Florida and P. bernikerae from Florida.
{"title":"The Guardstone Spiders of the Phrurotimpus palustris Group (Araneae, Phrurolithidae)","authors":"N. Platnick","doi":"10.1206/3944.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1206/3944.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The type species of Phrurotimpus, Herpyllus alarius Hentz, was based on a female from Alabama; because Hentz's type specimens were destroyed long ago, the identity of this species has been controversial for over a century. Examination of Hentz's original color paintings of his specimen indicates that earlier authors, such as Bishop and Crosby, and Chamberlin and Ivie, were correct in arguing that Emerton erred in assigning the name to a species common in the northeastern United States. Unfortunately, Kaston (who had access only to the published, black- and-white illustrations) subsequently sided with Emerton, and that misidentification has been followed in all more recent literature. Phrurotimpus palustris (Banks) and P. annulatus Chamberlin and Ivie are removed from the synonymy of P. alarius and considered valid. P. palustris refers to the common northeastern species, whereas P. annulatus refers to a sibling species apparently restricted to the southeastern United States; Hentz's P. alarius is a member of a different species group entirely. Four other species are assigned to the palustris group, which is known only from the eastern United States and Canada: P. umbratilis (Bishop and Crosby), P. wallacei (Gertsch, here transferred from Phrurolithus), and two new species: P. sorkini from Georgia and Florida and P. bernikerae from Florida.","PeriodicalId":55527,"journal":{"name":"American Museum Novitates","volume":"2019 1","pages":"1 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42767544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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