Qi Kang, Carlos E. Carpio, Manuel Garcia, Chenggang Wang, Tullaya Boonsaeng, Darren Hudson
China's rapidly growing food market offers opportunities for foreign beef producers, thanks to its sizable population and increasing income levels. This study examined Chinese consumers' preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for credence attributes of beef from the domestic market and other large exporting countries. Three beef cuts were considered: steak, brisket, and tongue. Data were collected from an online survey incorporating choice experiments (CEs) of 2016 consumers from China in 2021. Each respondent was presented with three beef alternatives that differed in price, country of origin, food safety, and production certifications, and also included a “no purchase” option. Chinese consumers' beef selections in the CEs were analyzed using a mixed logit model in WTP space. Results indicate that the type of cut does not influence Chinese consumers' evaluation of country of origin and credence attributes. Moreover, results show that Chinese consumers strongly prefer and are willing to pay more for domestic beef than imported beef. Beef from New Zealand had the highest WTP value among all the exporting countries, followed by Argentina, Australia, Canada, Uruguay, Brazil, and the United States. Also, enhanced food safety, Organic, and Green Food certifications had positive WTP values. The findings of this study offer evidence that Chinese consumers prefer safe and quality‐assured beef products. This information can be used by beef producers targeting the Chinese market to design production and marketing strategies.
{"title":"Chinese consumers' preferences for imported beef products","authors":"Qi Kang, Carlos E. Carpio, Manuel Garcia, Chenggang Wang, Tullaya Boonsaeng, Darren Hudson","doi":"10.1002/agr.21968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.21968","url":null,"abstract":"China's rapidly growing food market offers opportunities for foreign beef producers, thanks to its sizable population and increasing income levels. This study examined Chinese consumers' preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for credence attributes of beef from the domestic market and other large exporting countries. Three beef cuts were considered: steak, brisket, and tongue. Data were collected from an online survey incorporating choice experiments (CEs) of 2016 consumers from China in 2021. Each respondent was presented with three beef alternatives that differed in price, country of origin, food safety, and production certifications, and also included a “no purchase” option. Chinese consumers' beef selections in the CEs were analyzed using a mixed logit model in WTP space. Results indicate that the type of cut does not influence Chinese consumers' evaluation of country of origin and credence attributes. Moreover, results show that Chinese consumers strongly prefer and are willing to pay more for domestic beef than imported beef. Beef from New Zealand had the highest WTP value among all the exporting countries, followed by Argentina, Australia, Canada, Uruguay, Brazil, and the United States. Also, enhanced food safety, Organic, and Green Food certifications had positive WTP values. The findings of this study offer evidence that Chinese consumers prefer safe and quality‐assured beef products. This information can be used by beef producers targeting the Chinese market to design production and marketing strategies.","PeriodicalId":55544,"journal":{"name":"Agribusiness","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
World markets for quality differentiated agri‐food products are highly competitive, presenting significant challenges for firms aiming to compete effectively. Government agencies and business organizations often implement various export promotion policies to address these challenges. This paper explores the role of Denomination of Origin Regulatory Councils in the export activities of Spanish wineries. Hypotheses are developed based on the Resource‐Based View and Institutional‐Based View, considering divergent theoretical predictions. Empirical findings from a comprehensive sample of Spanish wineries across all Denominations of Origin reveal positive associations between wineries' resources and Regulatory Councils' activities with export performance. However, these relationships vary depending on the specific resource or activity. These findings are consistent across different measures of export performance, highlighting the intricate relationships between institutions like Regulatory Councils and the internationalization of member firms.
{"title":"Disentangling the relationships between denomination of origin regulatory councils activities and Spanish wineries' export performance","authors":"Nicolás Depetris‐Chauvin, Marta Fernández‐Olmos","doi":"10.1002/agr.21966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.21966","url":null,"abstract":"World markets for quality differentiated agri‐food products are highly competitive, presenting significant challenges for firms aiming to compete effectively. Government agencies and business organizations often implement various export promotion policies to address these challenges. This paper explores the role of Denomination of Origin Regulatory Councils in the export activities of Spanish wineries. Hypotheses are developed based on the Resource‐Based View and Institutional‐Based View, considering divergent theoretical predictions. Empirical findings from a comprehensive sample of Spanish wineries across all Denominations of Origin reveal positive associations between wineries' resources and Regulatory Councils' activities with export performance. However, these relationships vary depending on the specific resource or activity. These findings are consistent across different measures of export performance, highlighting the intricate relationships between institutions like Regulatory Councils and the internationalization of member firms.","PeriodicalId":55544,"journal":{"name":"Agribusiness","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jerome Dumortier, Amani Elobeid, Miguel Carriquiry
Latin America is a major agricultural producer with important natural resources. Efforts have been made to protect sensitive areas but are hindered by agricultural trade disruptions outside the control of individual countries due to globally integrated crop markets. This analysis assesses the effects of two trade shocks, that is, the war in Ukraine and vehicle decarbonization in the United States (US), on biodiversity and water resources in Latin America. Results show that an increase in maize and wheat exports from the region triggered by the war in Ukraine negatively affects biodiversity in Brazil and leads to cropland expansion into drought‐prone areas in Argentina and Chile. For the case of reduced crop exports from Latin America due to US vehicle decarbonization and the corresponding shift away from US maize ethanol, the pressure on arable land in areas of high biodiversity and water stress is eased. As opposed to agricultural carbon emissions, which have global impacts, biodiversity and water issues have a strong local and regional significance. Regulatory frameworks aiming to protect these regions should be forward looking to detect and shield vulnerable areas from future threats. Other changes affecting global agriculture and trade, for example, sustainable aviation fuels in the US or the European Farm‐to‐Fork policy, need to be anticipated for effective policies in Latin America [EconLit Citations: Q13, Q25, Q34, Q56].
{"title":"Impacts of geopolitics and policy on Latin American biodiversity and water resources","authors":"Jerome Dumortier, Amani Elobeid, Miguel Carriquiry","doi":"10.1002/agr.21965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.21965","url":null,"abstract":"Latin America is a major agricultural producer with important natural resources. Efforts have been made to protect sensitive areas but are hindered by agricultural trade disruptions outside the control of individual countries due to globally integrated crop markets. This analysis assesses the effects of two trade shocks, that is, the war in Ukraine and vehicle decarbonization in the United States (US), on biodiversity and water resources in Latin America. Results show that an increase in maize and wheat exports from the region triggered by the war in Ukraine negatively affects biodiversity in Brazil and leads to cropland expansion into drought‐prone areas in Argentina and Chile. For the case of reduced crop exports from Latin America due to US vehicle decarbonization and the corresponding shift away from US maize ethanol, the pressure on arable land in areas of high biodiversity and water stress is eased. As opposed to agricultural carbon emissions, which have global impacts, biodiversity and water issues have a strong local and regional significance. Regulatory frameworks aiming to protect these regions should be forward looking to detect and shield vulnerable areas from future threats. Other changes affecting global agriculture and trade, for example, sustainable aviation fuels in the US or the European Farm‐to‐Fork policy, need to be anticipated for effective policies in Latin America [EconLit Citations: Q13, Q25, Q34, Q56].","PeriodicalId":55544,"journal":{"name":"Agribusiness","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141584725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 had profound consequences for the global economy. As both countries are major commodity exporters, the food value chain was also affected. This study investigates the impact of the invasion on stock prices, profitability and sentiments of agribusinesses along the food supply chain by using an event study, financial data, and a sentiment analysis of annual reports. Overall, the findings show that firms in the food value chain were negatively impacted, with regional and sector‐specific differences. Agribusiness firms in Europe and Japan were more negatively impacted by the war than those in the United States. Stock prices of Brewers, Packaged Food and Meats, Soft drinks, and Tobacco firms were negatively impacted by the invasion, while other sectors experienced no or little impact on stock prices. Fertilizers and Agrochemicals firms overall achieved a higher profitability in 2022 compared to previous years. [EconLit Citations: G01, G12, E44, Q01].
{"title":"The impact of the Russia–Ukraine war on stock prices, profits and perceptions in the food supply chain","authors":"Julia Höhler, Ivo Harmens, Alfons Oude Lansink","doi":"10.1002/agr.21964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.21964","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 had profound consequences for the global economy. As both countries are major commodity exporters, the food value chain was also affected. This study investigates the impact of the invasion on stock prices, profitability and sentiments of agribusinesses along the food supply chain by using an event study, financial data, and a sentiment analysis of annual reports. Overall, the findings show that firms in the food value chain were negatively impacted, with regional and sector‐specific differences. Agribusiness firms in Europe and Japan were more negatively impacted by the war than those in the United States. Stock prices of Brewers, Packaged Food and Meats, Soft drinks, and Tobacco firms were negatively impacted by the invasion, while other sectors experienced no or little impact on stock prices. Fertilizers and Agrochemicals firms overall achieved a higher profitability in 2022 compared to previous years. [EconLit Citations: G01, G12, E44, Q01].","PeriodicalId":55544,"journal":{"name":"Agribusiness","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the relationship among animal‐based meat and plant‐based meat alternatives (PBMAs) using a basket‐and‐expenditure‐based choice experiment. In particular, we examine whether animal‐based meat products are substitutes or complements with PBMAs. Further, we incorporate consumer beliefs about their diet and environmental attitudes into the analysis. What we find is that PBMAs are not substitutes but rather complements or independent from one another. We also find that environmental and diet beliefs positively contribute to consumer utility for plant‐based alternatives. This study also demonstrates the strength of a basket‐based approach to examining complex consumer choices that require both discrete and continuous decisions in food purchasing.
{"title":"Are all meats substitutes? A basket‐and‐expenditure‐based approach","authors":"Clinton L. Neill, Logan L. Britton","doi":"10.1002/agr.21963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.21963","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationship among animal‐based meat and plant‐based meat alternatives (PBMAs) using a basket‐and‐expenditure‐based choice experiment. In particular, we examine whether animal‐based meat products are substitutes or complements with PBMAs. Further, we incorporate consumer beliefs about their diet and environmental attitudes into the analysis. What we find is that PBMAs are not substitutes but rather complements or independent from one another. We also find that environmental and diet beliefs positively contribute to consumer utility for plant‐based alternatives. This study also demonstrates the strength of a basket‐based approach to examining complex consumer choices that require both discrete and continuous decisions in food purchasing.","PeriodicalId":55544,"journal":{"name":"Agribusiness","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicolas Gatti, Miguel I. Gómez, Ruth E. Bennett, Scott Sillett, Justine Bowe, Jie Li
Eco‐labels inform consumers about the sustainable attributes of a product, but consumer face challenges to differentiate and select for specific attributes. Certification programs are similarly challenged to incentivize adoption of sustainable practices in product supply chains when consumer ability to differentiate sustainable attributes is low. This study investigates consumers' Willingness to Pay (WTP) for different environmental attributes of coffee production, and whether attributes that conserve biodiversity and limit agrochemical usage are substitutes or complements. We designed and implemented a hypothetical coffee choice experiment combining coffee farm vegetation management attributes that impact biodiversity (conventional monoculture, shade‐grown, or “Bird Friendly” systems that conserve wildlife habitat) and chemical input (conventional, pesticide‐free, or organic) attributes. We found that consumers think of biodiversity and agrochemical management attributes as sustainability substitutes and have the highest WTP for pesticide‐free and organic attributes. Consumer groups with strong concern about the future of the environment had high WTP for all environmental attributes, but still considered the attributes to be substitutes. Our results suggest that eco‐label programs with biodiversity and agrochemical attributes, such as the Smithsonian Bird Friendly® coffee certification, could increase market participation by simplifying environmental sustainability messaging, simplifying farm‐level certification requirements, and targeting environmentally concerned consumers. [EconLit Citations: D12, Q01, Q13, L66].
{"title":"Are agrochemical‐free and biodiversity‐friendly attributes substitutes or complements? Evidence from a coffee choice experiment","authors":"Nicolas Gatti, Miguel I. Gómez, Ruth E. Bennett, Scott Sillett, Justine Bowe, Jie Li","doi":"10.1002/agr.21955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.21955","url":null,"abstract":"Eco‐labels inform consumers about the sustainable attributes of a product, but consumer face challenges to differentiate and select for specific attributes. Certification programs are similarly challenged to incentivize adoption of sustainable practices in product supply chains when consumer ability to differentiate sustainable attributes is low. This study investigates consumers' Willingness to Pay (WTP) for different environmental attributes of coffee production, and whether attributes that conserve biodiversity and limit agrochemical usage are substitutes or complements. We designed and implemented a hypothetical coffee choice experiment combining coffee farm vegetation management attributes that impact biodiversity (conventional monoculture, shade‐grown, or “Bird Friendly” systems that conserve wildlife habitat) and chemical input (conventional, pesticide‐free, or organic) attributes. We found that consumers think of biodiversity and agrochemical management attributes as sustainability substitutes and have the highest WTP for pesticide‐free and organic attributes. Consumer groups with strong concern about the future of the environment had high WTP for all environmental attributes, but still considered the attributes to be substitutes. Our results suggest that eco‐label programs with biodiversity and agrochemical attributes, such as the Smithsonian Bird Friendly® coffee certification, could increase market participation by simplifying environmental sustainability messaging, simplifying farm‐level certification requirements, and targeting environmentally concerned consumers. [EconLit Citations: D12, Q01, Q13, L66].","PeriodicalId":55544,"journal":{"name":"Agribusiness","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines how European food companies can operationally leverage the value created by strategic alliances into commercially viable products. More importantly, it emphasizes that the effects of alliance portfolio diversity (APD) on radical innovation performance can be achieved not only directly, but also via moderating roles, that is, the firm's social capital and the level of competitiveness of the country. Using three waves of the European Community Innovation Survey, our results show that the optimal level of APD varied depending on the industry in which the company operates (food manufacturing industry vs. the rest of manufacturing industries). Furthermore, social capital seems to be a crucial factor to mitigate the difficulties of leveraging very diverse knowledge from partners, especially in the food manufacturing industry. Moreover, the external environmental context where the firm is operating, measured as the growth competitive index that reflects the competitive level of the country, was shown to have an influence on the firms' innovative efforts.[EconLit Citations: M10, 013, 036].
{"title":"How do both firm‐level resources and country‐level competitiveness shape the relationship between alliance portfolio diversity and radical innovation? A comparison between the food and other manufacturing industries","authors":"María Ancín, Ferdaous Zouaghi, Mercedes Sánchez","doi":"10.1002/agr.21954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.21954","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how European food companies can operationally leverage the value created by strategic alliances into commercially viable products. More importantly, it emphasizes that the effects of alliance portfolio diversity (APD) on radical innovation performance can be achieved not only directly, but also via moderating roles, that is, the firm's social capital and the level of competitiveness of the country. Using three waves of the European Community Innovation Survey, our results show that the optimal level of APD varied depending on the industry in which the company operates (food manufacturing industry vs. the rest of manufacturing industries). Furthermore, social capital seems to be a crucial factor to mitigate the difficulties of leveraging very diverse knowledge from partners, especially in the food manufacturing industry. Moreover, the external environmental context where the firm is operating, measured as the growth competitive index that reflects the competitive level of the country, was shown to have an influence on the firms' innovative efforts.[EconLit Citations: M10, 013, 036].","PeriodicalId":55544,"journal":{"name":"Agribusiness","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141197829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geographical indication (GI) represents the specific good quality and reputation of the regional characteristics of agricultural products, which is a positive approach for stabilizing the export of agricultural products under China's new “Dual Circulation” pattern. This study used the propensity score matching–double difference (PSM–DID) method empirically testing the effect and mechanism of the mutual recognition of GIs between China and the EU on China's agricultural product export from 2000 to 2016 based on theoretical analysis of the effect mechanism of GI on agricultural product exports. The results show that: (1) The mutual recognition of GIs significantly increased the binary margin of China's agricultural exports, and the effect on the intensive margin was stronger than that on the extensive margin, and the effects on the three subvariables of the extensive margin are in the following order: old products exported to new markets > new products exported to old markets > new products exported to new markets; (2) The heterogeneity analysis shows that the mutual recognition of GIs contributes more to state‐owned enterprises, enterprises in the eastern region and to export destinations in EU countries; (3) The mechanism analysis shows that domestic demand–driven, quality upgrading and signal transmission are important mechanisms in the export effect of mutual recognition of GIs. This research shows that vigorously promoting the mutual recognition of GIs between China and the EU are important factors in promoting the growth of China's agricultural exports and achieving high‐quality agricultural development. [EconLit Citations: F14, Q17, Q18].
{"title":"Mutual recognition of geographical indications and China's agricultural exports—On the use of domestic and international markets","authors":"Weiwen Qian, Yinguo Dong, Yuchen Liu","doi":"10.1002/agr.21902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.21902","url":null,"abstract":"Geographical indication (GI) represents the specific good quality and reputation of the regional characteristics of agricultural products, which is a positive approach for stabilizing the export of agricultural products under China's new “Dual Circulation” pattern. This study used the propensity score matching–double difference (PSM–DID) method empirically testing the effect and mechanism of the mutual recognition of GIs between China and the EU on China's agricultural product export from 2000 to 2016 based on theoretical analysis of the effect mechanism of GI on agricultural product exports. The results show that: (1) The mutual recognition of GIs significantly increased the binary margin of China's agricultural exports, and the effect on the intensive margin was stronger than that on the extensive margin, and the effects on the three subvariables of the extensive margin are in the following order: old products exported to new markets > new products exported to old markets > new products exported to new markets; (2) The heterogeneity analysis shows that the mutual recognition of GIs contributes more to state‐owned enterprises, enterprises in the eastern region and to export destinations in EU countries; (3) The mechanism analysis shows that domestic demand–driven, quality upgrading and signal transmission are important mechanisms in the export effect of mutual recognition of GIs. This research shows that vigorously promoting the mutual recognition of GIs between China and the EU are important factors in promoting the growth of China's agricultural exports and achieving high‐quality agricultural development. [EconLit Citations: F14, Q17, Q18].","PeriodicalId":55544,"journal":{"name":"Agribusiness","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140628574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Packaging of fresh fruits and vegetables is standard in many grocery stores. This mixed methods study aims to identify the role packaging plays in consumer choice and what packaging material consumers prefer. We analyzed data from quantitative stated preference experiments with a quota sample of 485 consumers living in Germany. In addition to the experiments, we conducted a qualitative study and analyzed data from 13 consumers who participated in think aloud protocols and responded to open‐ended questions. We analyzed the data from the quantitative and qualitative studies separately and then systematically compared their key findings. Choice‐based conjoint analyses showed that packaging was less important than price and origin in consumers' decisions, but that consumers clearly preferred unpackaged to packaged produce. This is true for both apples, a relatively robust produce, and tomatoes, which are more susceptible to damage. The qualitative research indicated that consumers appreciate the ability to see and choose an unpackaged product, but also see some benefits of packaging, such as the protection of the produce. Overall, we found that by combining qualitative and quantitative insights, we were able to identify overlapping but also distinct facets of consumer preference for fresh produce packaging. Regarding the use of bio‐based plastics for fresh produce, our results indicate that German consumers were not currently inclined to choose this type of packaging, and evidence suggests that they have little knowledge and/or awareness about it. Our findings have implications for researchers, marketing practitioners, packaging manufacturers, and policy makers. [EconLit Citations: D12, Q50].
{"title":"“Bio‐based Plastic? Hm, I've Never Seen It!”—A mixed‐methods investigation into consumer preferences for different packaging material of fresh apples and tomatoes","authors":"Mira Lehberger, Anne‐Katrin Kleih, Kai Sparke","doi":"10.1002/agr.21940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.21940","url":null,"abstract":"Packaging of fresh fruits and vegetables is standard in many grocery stores. This mixed methods study aims to identify the role packaging plays in consumer choice and what packaging material consumers prefer. We analyzed data from quantitative stated preference experiments with a quota sample of 485 consumers living in Germany. In addition to the experiments, we conducted a qualitative study and analyzed data from 13 consumers who participated in think aloud protocols and responded to open‐ended questions. We analyzed the data from the quantitative and qualitative studies separately and then systematically compared their key findings. Choice‐based conjoint analyses showed that packaging was less important than price and origin in consumers' decisions, but that consumers clearly preferred unpackaged to packaged produce. This is true for both apples, a relatively robust produce, and tomatoes, which are more susceptible to damage. The qualitative research indicated that consumers appreciate the ability to see and choose an unpackaged product, but also see some benefits of packaging, such as the protection of the produce. Overall, we found that by combining qualitative and quantitative insights, we were able to identify overlapping but also distinct facets of consumer preference for fresh produce packaging. Regarding the use of bio‐based plastics for fresh produce, our results indicate that German consumers were not currently inclined to choose this type of packaging, and evidence suggests that they have little knowledge and/or awareness about it. Our findings have implications for researchers, marketing practitioners, packaging manufacturers, and policy makers. [EconLit Citations: D12, Q50].","PeriodicalId":55544,"journal":{"name":"Agribusiness","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140569002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although the governance of farm producer‐owned and ‐controlled organizations is shaped by the complex interaction of mixed member, director, and manager objectives, its conceptualization in the literature is limited to the assignment of control to members, board directors, and managers. Such a categorization is imperfect as there exist other governance characteristics such as member vote distribution, board director identity, manager identity, and CEO identity. Using 371 survey responses from US farmer cooperatives, we inform the adoption of nontraditional governance characteristics in terms of proportional vote distribution, nonmember board directors (i.e., outside directors), and nonmember managers and CEOs. Furthermore, we relate the adoption of nontraditional characteristics to the competitive scope, organizational function, organizational size, and capital structure of the survey respondents by means of various empirical techniques. Generally, nontraditional adaptation of the governance structure, which implies an advanced delegation of control to decision specialists who are non‐members, is positively associated with the competitive scope and organizational size. Also, such nontraditional adaptation is more common to marketing cooperatives as compared to supply cooperatives. Our study motivates a multi‐dimensional conceptualization of governance, which is necessary to better understand the internal coordination of member and manager objectives. [EconLit Citations: Q13].
{"title":"Adoption of nontraditional governance characteristics in US farmer cooperatives","authors":"Jasper Grashuis, Celina Martinez‐Georges","doi":"10.1002/agr.21941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.21941","url":null,"abstract":"Although the governance of farm producer‐owned and ‐controlled organizations is shaped by the complex interaction of mixed member, director, and manager objectives, its conceptualization in the literature is limited to the assignment of control to members, board directors, and managers. Such a categorization is imperfect as there exist other governance characteristics such as member vote distribution, board director identity, manager identity, and CEO identity. Using 371 survey responses from US farmer cooperatives, we inform the adoption of nontraditional governance characteristics in terms of proportional vote distribution, nonmember board directors (i.e., outside directors), and nonmember managers and CEOs. Furthermore, we relate the adoption of nontraditional characteristics to the competitive scope, organizational function, organizational size, and capital structure of the survey respondents by means of various empirical techniques. Generally, nontraditional adaptation of the governance structure, which implies an advanced delegation of control to decision specialists who are non‐members, is positively associated with the competitive scope and organizational size. Also, such nontraditional adaptation is more common to marketing cooperatives as compared to supply cooperatives. Our study motivates a multi‐dimensional conceptualization of governance, which is necessary to better understand the internal coordination of member and manager objectives. [EconLit Citations: Q13].","PeriodicalId":55544,"journal":{"name":"Agribusiness","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140569116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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