J. S. Batista, M. F. de Oliveira, T. S. Teófilo, Ana Caroline Siquara de Sousa, Wanderson Lucas Alves dos Santos, I. R. G. Lopes, Ana Indira Bezerra Barros Gadelha, Moisés Dantas Tertulino, João Vitor de Oliveira Gurgel, Radan Elvis Matias de Oliveira
Abstract Pathoanatomical studies of diseases that affect wild animals are extremely important as appropriate measures can then be taken for the prevention and control of such diseases. We report here the case of death of a greater rhea (Rhea americana) by intestinal intussusception secondary to the ingestion of a large amount of sand. The animal was bred at the Center for Multiplication of Wild Animals of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid. The animal died after presenting clinical signs of apathy, weakness, prostration, and inability to move, drink water, or eat. After death, the carcass was immediately sent for necropsy. During necropsy, intussusception was found involving the jejunum, ileum, and colon. The duodenum contained large amounts of coarse sand. The invaginated intestinal segments were reddish in color, with necrotic spots, and covered by a fibrinous exudate. Histopathological examination of the invaginated segments showed necrosis of the enterocytes, detachment of the intestinal epithelium, and the presence of inflammatory cells. The ingestion of a large amount of sand may have resulted in altered intestinal transit, contributing to the occurrence of intussusception, which resulted in ischemic alterations, intestinal necrosis, and consequent death of the animal.
{"title":"Intussusception Associated with Sand Accumulation in a Greater Rhea (Rhea americana)","authors":"J. S. Batista, M. F. de Oliveira, T. S. Teófilo, Ana Caroline Siquara de Sousa, Wanderson Lucas Alves dos Santos, I. R. G. Lopes, Ana Indira Bezerra Barros Gadelha, Moisés Dantas Tertulino, João Vitor de Oliveira Gurgel, Radan Elvis Matias de Oliveira","doi":"10.2478/acve-2021-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acve-2021-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pathoanatomical studies of diseases that affect wild animals are extremely important as appropriate measures can then be taken for the prevention and control of such diseases. We report here the case of death of a greater rhea (Rhea americana) by intestinal intussusception secondary to the ingestion of a large amount of sand. The animal was bred at the Center for Multiplication of Wild Animals of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid. The animal died after presenting clinical signs of apathy, weakness, prostration, and inability to move, drink water, or eat. After death, the carcass was immediately sent for necropsy. During necropsy, intussusception was found involving the jejunum, ileum, and colon. The duodenum contained large amounts of coarse sand. The invaginated intestinal segments were reddish in color, with necrotic spots, and covered by a fibrinous exudate. Histopathological examination of the invaginated segments showed necrosis of the enterocytes, detachment of the intestinal epithelium, and the presence of inflammatory cells. The ingestion of a large amount of sand may have resulted in altered intestinal transit, contributing to the occurrence of intussusception, which resulted in ischemic alterations, intestinal necrosis, and consequent death of the animal.","PeriodicalId":55559,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria-Beograd","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48756280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zorana Zurovac Sapundžić, M. Ninković, D. Glišić, B. Milovanovic, J. Zutic, B. Kureljušić, V. Milićević
Abstract Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a viral disease of cattle with a high economic impact. To estimate the seroprevalence of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection of cattle on smallholder farms we included 78 smallholder farms in the Belgrade epizootiological area where 318 blood serum samples from cattle were collected, and subsequently tested. The samples were analyzed using a commercially available competitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against BVDV. The obtained results showed an overall seroprevalence of 3.8% whereas the seroprevalence on herd level varied from 0% to 80%. The obtained results showed a relatively low seroprevalence of BVD infection on smallholder farms on the territory of Belgrade city.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea on Smallholder Farms on the Territory of Belgrade City","authors":"Zorana Zurovac Sapundžić, M. Ninković, D. Glišić, B. Milovanovic, J. Zutic, B. Kureljušić, V. Milićević","doi":"10.2478/acve-2021-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acve-2021-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a viral disease of cattle with a high economic impact. To estimate the seroprevalence of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection of cattle on smallholder farms we included 78 smallholder farms in the Belgrade epizootiological area where 318 blood serum samples from cattle were collected, and subsequently tested. The samples were analyzed using a commercially available competitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against BVDV. The obtained results showed an overall seroprevalence of 3.8% whereas the seroprevalence on herd level varied from 0% to 80%. The obtained results showed a relatively low seroprevalence of BVD infection on smallholder farms on the territory of Belgrade city.","PeriodicalId":55559,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria-Beograd","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69088552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Petrov, I. Celeska, Zagorka Popova, K. Krstevski, Igor Djadjovski
Abstract Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is a widespread, tick-borne, canine disease, caused by an obligate intracellular bacterium, Ehrlichia canis. The main vector, a brown-dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, is widely distributed, especially in areas with tropic, subtropic, or Mediterranean climates (Central and South America, Eastern and Western Asia, Africa, Australia and Southern Europe). The study performed in 2012, by Stefanovska et al., determined a seroprevalence of 18.7% of E. canis among the Macedonian dog population. Up to date, the presence of E. canis, using molecular diagnostic methods, has not been investigated in Macedonia. Therefore, this study aimed to confirm the presence of E. canis, in the pet-dog population on the territory of the city of Skopje, North Macedonia, using a highly sensitive multiplex Real-Time PCR method (qPCR). Whole blood samples from 80 dogs of different breeds and ages, with clinical symptoms of CME and positive serology result for the presence of antibodies against E.canis, were collected for analyses. Out of 80 dogs, 36 (45%) were found as positive. The present work reports the first molecular detection of E. canis in pet dogs on the territory of the city of Skopje, Macedonia.
{"title":"Molecular Detection of Ehrlichia canis in the Pet-Dog Population in R. N. Macedonia","authors":"E. Petrov, I. Celeska, Zagorka Popova, K. Krstevski, Igor Djadjovski","doi":"10.2478/acve-2021-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acve-2021-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is a widespread, tick-borne, canine disease, caused by an obligate intracellular bacterium, Ehrlichia canis. The main vector, a brown-dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, is widely distributed, especially in areas with tropic, subtropic, or Mediterranean climates (Central and South America, Eastern and Western Asia, Africa, Australia and Southern Europe). The study performed in 2012, by Stefanovska et al., determined a seroprevalence of 18.7% of E. canis among the Macedonian dog population. Up to date, the presence of E. canis, using molecular diagnostic methods, has not been investigated in Macedonia. Therefore, this study aimed to confirm the presence of E. canis, in the pet-dog population on the territory of the city of Skopje, North Macedonia, using a highly sensitive multiplex Real-Time PCR method (qPCR). Whole blood samples from 80 dogs of different breeds and ages, with clinical symptoms of CME and positive serology result for the presence of antibodies against E.canis, were collected for analyses. Out of 80 dogs, 36 (45%) were found as positive. The present work reports the first molecular detection of E. canis in pet dogs on the territory of the city of Skopje, Macedonia.","PeriodicalId":55559,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria-Beograd","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48012988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an RNA virus that belongs to the Pneumovirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), CD3 (pan T cells), and CD8 (cytotoxic T cells) in lamb lungs naturally infected with RSV using immunohistochemistry (IHC). For this purpose, 100 pneumonic and 10 control lung tissue samples were taken from lambs slaughtered in the slaughterhouse after macroscopic examination. The streptavidin– peroxidase method (ABC) was used for IHC staining, and it revealed RSV positivity in 18 of 100 examined lungs with pneumonia (18%). These positive cases were then immunostained for iNOS, CD3, and CD8, and compared to controls. In all these cases, an increase in iNOS expression (100%) was detected, the higher number of CD3+ T lymphocytes was detected in 14 (78%) cases while CD8+ T lymphocytes were detected in five (28%) cases, only. Given the increase of iNOS immunoexpression in all RSV-positive cases and increase in the number of CD3+ T lymphocytes in most cases, it was concluded that iNOS and CD3+ T lymphocytes play an important role in the immune response in lamb pneumonia with naturally occurring RSV infection. With this study, the role of the mentioned markers was evaluated for the first time in lambs naturally infected with RSV.
{"title":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Induces Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, CD3, and CD8 in Naturally Occurring Pneumonia in Lambs","authors":"Turan Yaman, Ceyhun Aydemir","doi":"10.2478/acve-2021-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acve-2021-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an RNA virus that belongs to the Pneumovirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), CD3 (pan T cells), and CD8 (cytotoxic T cells) in lamb lungs naturally infected with RSV using immunohistochemistry (IHC). For this purpose, 100 pneumonic and 10 control lung tissue samples were taken from lambs slaughtered in the slaughterhouse after macroscopic examination. The streptavidin– peroxidase method (ABC) was used for IHC staining, and it revealed RSV positivity in 18 of 100 examined lungs with pneumonia (18%). These positive cases were then immunostained for iNOS, CD3, and CD8, and compared to controls. In all these cases, an increase in iNOS expression (100%) was detected, the higher number of CD3+ T lymphocytes was detected in 14 (78%) cases while CD8+ T lymphocytes were detected in five (28%) cases, only. Given the increase of iNOS immunoexpression in all RSV-positive cases and increase in the number of CD3+ T lymphocytes in most cases, it was concluded that iNOS and CD3+ T lymphocytes play an important role in the immune response in lamb pneumonia with naturally occurring RSV infection. With this study, the role of the mentioned markers was evaluated for the first time in lambs naturally infected with RSV.","PeriodicalId":55559,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria-Beograd","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49016010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eun-Joo Lee, Jae-Hyuk Yim, Myung-Jin Chung, Jin-Kyu Park, I. Hong, K. Jeong
Abstract Spermatocytic tumor is a rare testicular tumor, which is originated from gonocytes. It is characterized by the histological feature of tripartite which is composed of large, medium, and lymphocyte-like small cells. It is well-known that spematocytic tumor is benign, thus a good prognosis is expected after simple resection. Metastatic spermatocytic tumor is extremely rare and usually accompanied by histological variants including sarcomatous changes and anaplastic variants. In this case, however, we report a canine metastatic spermatocytic tumor without prominent sarcomatous changes and anaplastic variants. The mass was composed of three kinds of cells including large, medium, and small cells with high pleomorphism. The neoplastic cells had an indistinct cytoplasmic border and mitotic figures were frequently observed. The primary spermatocytic tumor metastasized to the abdominal organs one month after the resection, and the dog died 13 months after the surgery. Thus, careful follow-up is recommended after surgical resection of canine spermatocytic tumor even though metastasis in spermatocytic tumors is rare.
{"title":"A Rare Case of Canine Metastatic Spermatocytic Tumor without Sarcomatous and Anaplastic Variants","authors":"Eun-Joo Lee, Jae-Hyuk Yim, Myung-Jin Chung, Jin-Kyu Park, I. Hong, K. Jeong","doi":"10.2478/acve-2021-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acve-2021-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Spermatocytic tumor is a rare testicular tumor, which is originated from gonocytes. It is characterized by the histological feature of tripartite which is composed of large, medium, and lymphocyte-like small cells. It is well-known that spematocytic tumor is benign, thus a good prognosis is expected after simple resection. Metastatic spermatocytic tumor is extremely rare and usually accompanied by histological variants including sarcomatous changes and anaplastic variants. In this case, however, we report a canine metastatic spermatocytic tumor without prominent sarcomatous changes and anaplastic variants. The mass was composed of three kinds of cells including large, medium, and small cells with high pleomorphism. The neoplastic cells had an indistinct cytoplasmic border and mitotic figures were frequently observed. The primary spermatocytic tumor metastasized to the abdominal organs one month after the resection, and the dog died 13 months after the surgery. Thus, careful follow-up is recommended after surgical resection of canine spermatocytic tumor even though metastasis in spermatocytic tumors is rare.","PeriodicalId":55559,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria-Beograd","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41643505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristina Spariosu, F. Janjić, Jelena Francuski Andrić, M. Radaković, A. Beletić, M. Filipović, S. Milanovic
Abstract Hemolysis and systemic acute inflammation characterize canine babesiosis caused by the intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite Babesia canis. Our hypothesis was that blood redox homeostasis of patients that suffered acute B. canis infection might be disturbed even after treatment with imidocarb-dipropionate and successful clinical recovery. Eight owner dogs with acute B. canis infection were used for this study. We analyzed the complete blood count, acute phase proteins (ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, paraoxonase-1) in the serum, antioxidant enzymes (catalase and glutathione peroxidase) in the erythrocytes, and oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde in erythrocytes and thiol groups in serum) at presentation and 15 days after treatment. Results were evaluated by corresponding statistical tests. At presentation, anemia, low/normal leukocyte count and severe thrombocytopenia occurred together with increased ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin levels within the reference interval, decreased paraoxonase-1 and compromised antioxidant defense in the red blood cells. After treatment and successful clinical recovery, hematological values generally fitted within the reference intervals, acute phase proteins were within the physiological levels in the majority of cases and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes were increased. However, elevated malondialdehyde levels indicated increased oxidative damage of erythrocytes that remained as a deleterious sequel despite a successful clinical recovery of the dogs.
{"title":"Relationship between Changes in Hematological Parameters, Levels of Acute Phase Proteins and Redox Homeostasis during Acute Babesia canis Infection in Dogs","authors":"Kristina Spariosu, F. Janjić, Jelena Francuski Andrić, M. Radaković, A. Beletić, M. Filipović, S. Milanovic","doi":"10.2478/acve-2021-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acve-2021-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hemolysis and systemic acute inflammation characterize canine babesiosis caused by the intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite Babesia canis. Our hypothesis was that blood redox homeostasis of patients that suffered acute B. canis infection might be disturbed even after treatment with imidocarb-dipropionate and successful clinical recovery. Eight owner dogs with acute B. canis infection were used for this study. We analyzed the complete blood count, acute phase proteins (ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, paraoxonase-1) in the serum, antioxidant enzymes (catalase and glutathione peroxidase) in the erythrocytes, and oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde in erythrocytes and thiol groups in serum) at presentation and 15 days after treatment. Results were evaluated by corresponding statistical tests. At presentation, anemia, low/normal leukocyte count and severe thrombocytopenia occurred together with increased ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin levels within the reference interval, decreased paraoxonase-1 and compromised antioxidant defense in the red blood cells. After treatment and successful clinical recovery, hematological values generally fitted within the reference intervals, acute phase proteins were within the physiological levels in the majority of cases and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes were increased. However, elevated malondialdehyde levels indicated increased oxidative damage of erythrocytes that remained as a deleterious sequel despite a successful clinical recovery of the dogs.","PeriodicalId":55559,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria-Beograd","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47422675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A defined Campylobacter coli (C. coli) suspension was inoculated on sterile sampling materials (cotton bud, polyester bud, cellulose sponge) and pieces of lamb meat. Various combinations of diluents (phosphate buffer saline ± Tween®80) and sampling methods (direct homogenization, simulating the excision method for meat, and swabbing) were investigated for the recovery (detachment) of C. coli cells from the inoculated samples. The obtained C. coli bacteria, as quantified by real-time PCR with respect to the dilution factors and the initial inoculum, were used for the calculation of the recovery (%) per sampling material and method. Regarding artificially inoculated sampling materials, the lowest recovery was observed for cotton buds (2.8%) and the highest for cellulose sponge (28.9%), and the differences between the obtained results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). As regards lamb meat, the lowest recovery was observed for swabbing with cotton buds (3.2%) and the highest for direct homogenization (10.7%). The results indicate an overall low rate of bacterial recovery from contaminated samples, with cellulose sponges and polyester buds being significantly superior to cotton buds, and direct homogenization of meat with diluent better than swabbing. The type of sampling materials and methods applied for the quantification of C. coli entails a key impact on determining the actual contamination of the examined samples.
{"title":"Method-Related Impacts on Campylobacter coli Recovery From Sampling Materials And Meat","authors":"T. Lazou, E. Iossifidou, C. Dovas","doi":"10.2478/acve-2021-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acve-2021-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A defined Campylobacter coli (C. coli) suspension was inoculated on sterile sampling materials (cotton bud, polyester bud, cellulose sponge) and pieces of lamb meat. Various combinations of diluents (phosphate buffer saline ± Tween®80) and sampling methods (direct homogenization, simulating the excision method for meat, and swabbing) were investigated for the recovery (detachment) of C. coli cells from the inoculated samples. The obtained C. coli bacteria, as quantified by real-time PCR with respect to the dilution factors and the initial inoculum, were used for the calculation of the recovery (%) per sampling material and method. Regarding artificially inoculated sampling materials, the lowest recovery was observed for cotton buds (2.8%) and the highest for cellulose sponge (28.9%), and the differences between the obtained results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). As regards lamb meat, the lowest recovery was observed for swabbing with cotton buds (3.2%) and the highest for direct homogenization (10.7%). The results indicate an overall low rate of bacterial recovery from contaminated samples, with cellulose sponges and polyester buds being significantly superior to cotton buds, and direct homogenization of meat with diluent better than swabbing. The type of sampling materials and methods applied for the quantification of C. coli entails a key impact on determining the actual contamination of the examined samples.","PeriodicalId":55559,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria-Beograd","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47671162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Porto, A. Junqueira-Kipnis, Marco Antônio de Oliveira Viu, Rafaela Cavalcanti Teixeira, M. L. Gambarini
Abstract Genital mycoplasmosis is a condition present in bovine production systems, and the most important agents involved are Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureaplasma diversum. Some aspects of their pathogenesis remain unclear. This study was designed in order to evaluate their ability to stimulate mononuclear cells from the endometrium, vagina and peripheral blood of cycling and healthy cows to produce nitric oxide (NO). Cellular cultures of endometrial, vaginal and peripheral blood cells from 33 healthy cows were cultivated with Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureaplasma diversum originated from the 4th passage in culture broth and the NO production was measured by the Greiss reaction. Confirmation of the presence of mononuclear cells and of the agents during and after the NO assay was done by Giemsa stained smears and further cultivation and detection by PCR reaction. Mononuclear cells from all samples produced NO. Mycoplasma bovigenitalium stimulated higher NO production than the others (p<0.05). Endometrial cells produced less NO than vaginal or blood cultured cells. In conclusion, it seems that Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, and Ureaplasma diversum are able to activate mononuclear cells and induce the production of NO, thus suggesting that this pathway is elicited in response to the primary infection by these agents. More studies are necessary to verify why these agents remain in the bovine reproductive tract for long periods and how they reassume deleterious effects.
{"title":"Evaluation of in vitro Activation of Bovine Endometrial and Vaginal Epithelial and Blood Mononuclear Cells to Produce Nitric Oxide in Response to Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureaplasma diversum","authors":"R. Porto, A. Junqueira-Kipnis, Marco Antônio de Oliveira Viu, Rafaela Cavalcanti Teixeira, M. L. Gambarini","doi":"10.2478/acve-2021-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acve-2021-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Genital mycoplasmosis is a condition present in bovine production systems, and the most important agents involved are Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureaplasma diversum. Some aspects of their pathogenesis remain unclear. This study was designed in order to evaluate their ability to stimulate mononuclear cells from the endometrium, vagina and peripheral blood of cycling and healthy cows to produce nitric oxide (NO). Cellular cultures of endometrial, vaginal and peripheral blood cells from 33 healthy cows were cultivated with Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureaplasma diversum originated from the 4th passage in culture broth and the NO production was measured by the Greiss reaction. Confirmation of the presence of mononuclear cells and of the agents during and after the NO assay was done by Giemsa stained smears and further cultivation and detection by PCR reaction. Mononuclear cells from all samples produced NO. Mycoplasma bovigenitalium stimulated higher NO production than the others (p<0.05). Endometrial cells produced less NO than vaginal or blood cultured cells. In conclusion, it seems that Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, and Ureaplasma diversum are able to activate mononuclear cells and induce the production of NO, thus suggesting that this pathway is elicited in response to the primary infection by these agents. More studies are necessary to verify why these agents remain in the bovine reproductive tract for long periods and how they reassume deleterious effects.","PeriodicalId":55559,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria-Beograd","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43732551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Davitkov, Miloš Vučićević, U. Glavinić, Ivan Skadrić, V. Nesic, J. Stevanović, Z. Stanimirović
Abstract Nowadays, illegal trafficking and smuggling of animals are among the greatest threats to many avian species. Most commonly smuggled birds belong to parrots, song birds, raptor species and owls. All of these species are protected by national and international legislations. In order to prevent and reduce wildlife trafficking, DNA methods have become an important forensic tool in species and sex identification. In this study, CHD1R/CHD1F primer pair was used to amplify a part of the CHD1 gene from 65 birds that belong to 43 species. For 36 species this is the first time that the length of CHD1 amplicons was measured for the purpose of species determination. The results were visualized using capillary electrophoresis and enabled simultaneous determination of sex and species. Based on the number of amplicons (two in females, one in males) sex was successfully determined in all species, even in cases where gel electrophoresis failed to give results. Moreover, the species was successfully determined in most bird species based on the species-specific sizes of CHD1 amplicon. The method used in this study is of great importance for veterinary forensic medicine and the prevention of wildlife smuggling. Still, further work is necessary to confirm the effectiveness of the method in all bird species.
{"title":"Potential of Inter- and Intra-Species Variability of CHD1 Gene in Birds as a Forensic Tool","authors":"D. Davitkov, Miloš Vučićević, U. Glavinić, Ivan Skadrić, V. Nesic, J. Stevanović, Z. Stanimirović","doi":"10.2478/acve-2021-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acve-2021-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nowadays, illegal trafficking and smuggling of animals are among the greatest threats to many avian species. Most commonly smuggled birds belong to parrots, song birds, raptor species and owls. All of these species are protected by national and international legislations. In order to prevent and reduce wildlife trafficking, DNA methods have become an important forensic tool in species and sex identification. In this study, CHD1R/CHD1F primer pair was used to amplify a part of the CHD1 gene from 65 birds that belong to 43 species. For 36 species this is the first time that the length of CHD1 amplicons was measured for the purpose of species determination. The results were visualized using capillary electrophoresis and enabled simultaneous determination of sex and species. Based on the number of amplicons (two in females, one in males) sex was successfully determined in all species, even in cases where gel electrophoresis failed to give results. Moreover, the species was successfully determined in most bird species based on the species-specific sizes of CHD1 amplicon. The method used in this study is of great importance for veterinary forensic medicine and the prevention of wildlife smuggling. Still, further work is necessary to confirm the effectiveness of the method in all bird species.","PeriodicalId":55559,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria-Beograd","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46645992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Milijana Nešković, Bojan Ristić, Rade Došenović, S. Grubač, T. Petrović, J. Prodanov-Radulović, V. Polaček
Abstract The first confirmed case of African Swine Fever (ASF) in Serbia occurred in 2019. Since then, numerous outbreaks in domestic pigs and wild boars have been reported. Until April 2021, all the detected ASF cases were in backyard pigs. Beside backyard and smallholders farming systems as a dominant pig production system in Serbia, large commercial pig farms can also be found, located mostly in villages. In the beginning of April 2021, a large commercial farrow-to-finish pig farm in Serbia with almost 19,000 animals was affected with the ASF virus. The pig farm analysed in this paper is located in an area where ASF was confirmed earlier in both backyard and wild boars. In this study, we describe the overall epidemiological course of the ASF outbreak. Epidemiological investigation using a hypothesis-based approach was conducted in order to reconstruct the disease course until the official notification. All the available data from the farm were analysed with the aim to determine the high-risk period (HRP). Some of the key points to consider when it comes to the sources of infection and entry route of ASF are the following: contamination of the area in the immediate vicinity of the farm, risky human activities, irregularities and some omissions in the external farm biosecurity and immediate proximity of the city waste-yard where the communal waste is disposed of. It was concluded that when commercial pig farms are surrounded by villages with a large number of backyards, hence the anthropogenic factor is the key risk factor for ASF spreading.
{"title":"African Swine Fever Outbreak Investigation on Large Commercial Pig Farm in Serbia","authors":"Milijana Nešković, Bojan Ristić, Rade Došenović, S. Grubač, T. Petrović, J. Prodanov-Radulović, V. Polaček","doi":"10.2478/acve-2021-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acve-2021-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The first confirmed case of African Swine Fever (ASF) in Serbia occurred in 2019. Since then, numerous outbreaks in domestic pigs and wild boars have been reported. Until April 2021, all the detected ASF cases were in backyard pigs. Beside backyard and smallholders farming systems as a dominant pig production system in Serbia, large commercial pig farms can also be found, located mostly in villages. In the beginning of April 2021, a large commercial farrow-to-finish pig farm in Serbia with almost 19,000 animals was affected with the ASF virus. The pig farm analysed in this paper is located in an area where ASF was confirmed earlier in both backyard and wild boars. In this study, we describe the overall epidemiological course of the ASF outbreak. Epidemiological investigation using a hypothesis-based approach was conducted in order to reconstruct the disease course until the official notification. All the available data from the farm were analysed with the aim to determine the high-risk period (HRP). Some of the key points to consider when it comes to the sources of infection and entry route of ASF are the following: contamination of the area in the immediate vicinity of the farm, risky human activities, irregularities and some omissions in the external farm biosecurity and immediate proximity of the city waste-yard where the communal waste is disposed of. It was concluded that when commercial pig farms are surrounded by villages with a large number of backyards, hence the anthropogenic factor is the key risk factor for ASF spreading.","PeriodicalId":55559,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria-Beograd","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45812040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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