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Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors beyond diabetes. 糖尿病以外的钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂。
IF 2.7 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2022.036
Dimity L Williams, Serena Rofail, John J Atherton

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors lower blood glucose by reducing the reabsorption of glucose in the kidney. They are a second-line therapy for type 2 diabetes. During clinical trials it was noticed that SGLT2 inhibitors had favourable effects on cardiovascular and renal disease. This led to further trials that included patients without diabetes. In studies of heart failure, SGLT2 inhibitors were beneficial in treating patients with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. A recent study has also reported benefits in patients with a preserved ejection fraction. In chronic kidney disease, SGLT2 inhibitors may reduce disease progression. However, a decline in the glomerular filtration rate may be seen at the start of treatment. As most experience with SGLT2 inhibitors is in diabetes, patients without diabetes need to be aware of why they are being prescribed these drugs. Some of the potential indications for SGLT2 inhibitors beyond diabetes are not yet approved by regulatory authorities.

钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2 (SGLT2)抑制剂通过减少葡萄糖在肾脏中的重吸收来降低血糖。它们是治疗2型糖尿病的二线药物。在临床试验中,人们注意到SGLT2抑制剂对心血管和肾脏疾病有良好的影响。这导致了进一步的试验,包括没有糖尿病的患者。在心力衰竭的研究中,SGLT2抑制剂对治疗左心室射血分数降低的患者有益。最近的一项研究也报告了保留射血分数的患者的益处。在慢性肾脏疾病中,SGLT2抑制剂可能会减缓疾病进展。然而,肾小球滤过率在治疗开始时可能出现下降。由于大多数使用SGLT2抑制剂的患者是糖尿病患者,因此没有糖尿病的患者需要了解他们为什么要开这些药。除糖尿病外,SGLT2抑制剂的一些潜在适应症尚未得到监管机构的批准。
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引用次数: 0
Sacituzumab govitecan for breast cancer. Sacituzumab govitecan治疗乳腺癌。
IF 2.7 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.18773/austpresr.2022.042
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引用次数: 0
New drug: Sacituzumab govitecan for breast cancer 新药:Sacituzumab-govitecan治疗乳腺癌症
IF 2.7 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2022.042
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引用次数: 0
Varenicline and Section 19A products for smoking cessation. 伐尼克兰和第19A部分戒烟产品。
IF 2.7 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2022.028
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引用次数: 0
Chronic lithium toxicity. 慢性锂中毒。
IF 2.7 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2022.024
Frank Reimann, Ian Whyte
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引用次数: 2
Alpelisib for breast cancer. Alpelisib治疗乳腺癌。
IF 2.7 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2022.029
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引用次数: 0
Hormonal contraception and mood disorders. 荷尔蒙避孕和情绪障碍。
IF 2.7 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2022.025
Eveline Mu, Jayashri Kulkarni

Hormonal contraception is known to precipitate or perpetuate depression in some patients. The link between oral contraceptive pills and depression relates to the amount and type of progestogen contained in these pills. Many of the older oral contraceptive pills, which contain ethinylestradiol, are linked to severe mood problems. Newer oral contraceptive pills containing physiological forms of oestrogen may be better tolerated with a purported weaker link to mood problems. Clinicians should consider the temporal relationship between the use of hormonal contraception and development of new or worsened depression or mood changes.

已知激素避孕会使一些患者的抑郁症加重或持续下去。口服避孕药和抑郁症之间的联系与这些药片中含有的孕激素的数量和类型有关。许多老式的口服避孕药含有炔雌醇,与严重的情绪问题有关。较新的口服避孕药含有生理形式的雌激素,其耐受性可能更好,据称与情绪问题的联系较弱。临床医生应考虑使用激素避孕与发展新的或恶化的抑郁症或情绪变化之间的时间关系。
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引用次数: 12
Anaphylaxis: emergency management for health professionals [Update 1]. 过敏反应:卫生专业人员的紧急管理[更新1]。
IF 2.7 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2022.022
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引用次数: 0
Prescribing for patients taking antiretroviral therapy. 为接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的患者开处方。
IF 2.7 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2022.026
Yasmin Hughes, Louise Tomlins, Tim Usherwood

Current first-line antiretroviral therapy comprises a combination of drugs that are generally well tolerated. Adverse effects include hypersensitivity reactions, renal and liver toxicity, rhabdomyolysis, hyperlipidaemia, weight gain and neuropsychiatric disorders Most drug-drug interactions related to antiretroviral therapy involve drug absorption, metabolism or elimination. Some interactions may increase toxicity or reduce the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy potentially resulting in treatment failure Routinely checking for adverse drug effects and potential drug-drug interactions is an important part of the care of people taking antiretroviral therapy. This includes asking about the patient's use of over-the-counter and complementary medicines.

目前的一线抗逆转录病毒治疗包括通常耐受良好的药物组合。不良反应包括过敏反应、肾和肝毒性、横纹肌溶解、高脂血症、体重增加和神经精神障碍。大多数与抗逆转录病毒治疗相关的药物-药物相互作用涉及药物吸收、代谢或消除。一些相互作用可能增加毒性或降低抗逆转录病毒治疗的有效性,可能导致治疗失败。常规检查药物不良反应和潜在的药物-药物相互作用是接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的人护理的重要组成部分。这包括询问患者使用非处方药和补充药物的情况。
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引用次数: 2
Imaging in headache disorders. 头痛疾病的影像学。
IF 2.7 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2022.023
Jason C Ray, Elspeth J Hutton

Patients with a suspected change in intracranial pressure or a trigeminal autonomic cephalgia require MRI. The need for investigation for other headache disorders is guided by the clinical evaluation of the patient. Particular care should be taken to identify any 'red flags'. Incidental findings on MRI occur in approximately 2% of patients. Patients with migraine have an increased rate of white matter lesions, but these are of uncertain clinical significance.

怀疑颅内压改变或三叉神经自主神经性头痛的患者需要MRI。其他头痛疾病的调查需要以患者的临床评估为指导。应特别注意识别任何“危险信号”。大约2%的患者在MRI上有偶发发现。偏头痛患者的白质病变率增加,但这些不确定的临床意义。
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引用次数: 1
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Australian Prescriber
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