Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0083
Canevez, Maitland, Rantanen
Technological mediation describes the process where internet service providers (ISPs) translate telecommunications network innovations from the “technological frontier” to their particular commercial context. Although the original conception defined three obstacles during this process (technical, commercial, and structural), how these obstacles unfold has yet to be fully investigated. Using a qualitative case study with a rural ISP, we identify extensions to the model, in particular emotional response during mediation and their relationship to the dynamic elements mediation process. This illuminates how commercial market maturation impacts the organizations adopting these technologies, and the impacts of experience on the dynamic nature of technological mediation.
{"title":"A Dynamic Perspective of Internet Service Provider Adoption of Emergent Network Technology: A Case Study of Tribal Digital Village","authors":"Canevez, Maitland, Rantanen","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0083","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Technological mediation describes the process where internet service providers (ISPs) translate telecommunications network innovations from the “technological frontier” to their particular commercial context. Although the original conception defined three obstacles during this process (technical, commercial, and structural), how these obstacles unfold has yet to be fully investigated. Using a qualitative case study with a rural ISP, we identify extensions to the model, in particular emotional response during mediation and their relationship to the dynamic elements mediation process. This illuminates how commercial market maturation impacts the organizations adopting these technologies, and the impacts of experience on the dynamic nature of technological mediation.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79475986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0388
Manuel Puppis,Hilde Van den Bulck,Etienne Bürdel
Abstract This contribution investigates how public funding of media can be reinterpreted to fit a communication rights–based approach to media policy. To this end, it describes and evaluates current public funding in small democratic-corporatist European media systems. While public funding is no longer “frozen” in its late twentieth-century state, as funding mechanisms have undergone significant change, when held against a rights-based approach, it appears there is a need to shift the basis for funding from safeguarding the survival of media industries to safeguarding the communication rights of citizens, allowing media to become “enablers” in executing these rights.
{"title":"Frozen 2: Communication Rights and the Thaw of Public Funding in Small Media Systems","authors":"Manuel Puppis,Hilde Van den Bulck,Etienne Bürdel","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0388","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This contribution investigates how public funding of media can be reinterpreted to fit a communication rights–based approach to media policy. To this end, it describes and evaluates current public funding in small democratic-corporatist European media systems. While public funding is no longer “frozen” in its late twentieth-century state, as funding mechanisms have undergone significant change, when held against a rights-based approach, it appears there is a need to shift the basis for funding from safeguarding the survival of media industries to safeguarding the communication rights of citizens, allowing media to become “enablers” in executing these rights.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138537080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0304
K. Karppinen, Outi Puukko
The notion of digital rights has recently generated a number of political declarations and civil society initiatives across the world. By critically examining these declarations and academic debates on digital rights, this article asks: Why is it that information policy issues are increasingly framed in terms of individual rights? And on what understandings of rights do various political, corporate, and civil society declarations of digital rights rest? The article identifies four discourses of digital rights, linked to different ideological assumptions and political contexts. Finally, possible limitations and pathologies of the rights discourse are discussed.
{"title":"Four Discourses of Digital Rights: Promises and Problems of Rights-Based Politics","authors":"K. Karppinen, Outi Puukko","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0304","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The notion of digital rights has recently generated a number of political declarations and civil society initiatives across the world. By critically examining these declarations and academic debates on digital rights, this article asks: Why is it that information policy issues are increasingly framed in terms of individual rights? And on what understandings of rights do various political, corporate, and civil society declarations of digital rights rest? The article identifies four discourses of digital rights, linked to different ideological assumptions and political contexts. Finally, possible limitations and pathologies of the rights discourse are discussed.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74413218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0237
El-gazzar, Stendal
Emerging technologies, particularly cloud computing, blockchain, Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence, have received noticeable attention from research and industry. These technologies contribute to innovation in public and private organizations, but threaten the privacy of individuals. The natural characteristics of these technologies are challenged by the new general data protection regulation (GDPR). In this article, we examine the compliance challenges between these technologies' characteristics and GDPR both individually and when combined. We identified compliance opportunities related to the characteristics of these technologies. We discuss possible approaches to address the compliance challenges identified and raise questions for further research in the area.
{"title":"Examining How GDPR Challenges Emerging Technologies","authors":"El-gazzar, Stendal","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0237","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Emerging technologies, particularly cloud computing, blockchain, Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence, have received noticeable attention from research and industry. These technologies contribute to innovation in public and private organizations, but threaten the privacy of individuals. The natural characteristics of these technologies are challenged by the new general data protection regulation (GDPR). In this article, we examine the compliance challenges between these technologies' characteristics and GDPR both individually and when combined. We identified compliance opportunities related to the characteristics of these technologies. We discuss possible approaches to address the compliance challenges identified and raise questions for further research in the area.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89626658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0388
Puppis, V. Bulck, Bürdel
This contribution investigates how public funding of media can be reinterpreted to fit a communication rights–based approach to media policy. To this end, it describes and evaluates current public funding in small democratic-corporatist European media systems. While public funding is no longer “frozen” in its late twentieth-century state, as funding mechanisms have undergone significant change, when held against a rights-based approach, it appears there is a need to shift the basis for funding from safeguarding the survival of media industries to safeguarding the communication rights of citizens, allowing media to become “enablers” in executing these rights.
{"title":"Frozen 2: Communication Rights and the Thaw of Public Funding in Small Media Systems","authors":"Puppis, V. Bulck, Bürdel","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0388","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This contribution investigates how public funding of media can be reinterpreted to fit a communication rights–based approach to media policy. To this end, it describes and evaluates current public funding in small democratic-corporatist European media systems. While public funding is no longer “frozen” in its late twentieth-century state, as funding mechanisms have undergone significant change, when held against a rights-based approach, it appears there is a need to shift the basis for funding from safeguarding the survival of media industries to safeguarding the communication rights of citizens, allowing media to become “enablers” in executing these rights.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75894313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0083
Richard Canevez,Carleen Maitland,Matthew Rantanen
Abstract Technological mediation describes the process where internet service providers (ISPs) translate telecommunications network innovations from the “technological frontier” to their particular commercial context. Although the original conception defined three obstacles during this process (technical, commercial, and structural), how these obstacles unfold has yet to be fully investigated. Using a qualitative case study with a rural ISP, we identify extensions to the model, in particular emotional response during mediation and their relationship to the dynamic elements mediation process. This illuminates how commercial market maturation impacts the organizations adopting these technologies, and the impacts of experience on the dynamic nature of technological mediation.
{"title":"A Dynamic Perspective of Internet Service Provider Adoption of Emergent Network Technology: A Case Study of Tribal Digital Village","authors":"Richard Canevez,Carleen Maitland,Matthew Rantanen","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0083","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Technological mediation describes the process where internet service providers (ISPs) translate telecommunications network innovations from the “technological frontier” to their particular commercial context. Although the original conception defined three obstacles during this process (technical, commercial, and structural), how these obstacles unfold has yet to be fully investigated. Using a qualitative case study with a rural ISP, we identify extensions to the model, in particular emotional response during mediation and their relationship to the dynamic elements mediation process. This illuminates how commercial market maturation impacts the organizations adopting these technologies, and the impacts of experience on the dynamic nature of technological mediation.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138537087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0439
M. Rodríguez-Castro, F. Campos-Freire, A. López-Cepeda
Platform dominance, threats to media freedom and disinformation are some of the key phenomena that are shaping the current media environment in Europe and threatening citizens' communication rights. Within this context, Public Service Media (PSM) could have an important role to play, although explicit political support is needed. This article studies the main communication and PSM topics that have been discussed in the European Parliament during the past term (2014–2019) as well as the proposals drafted by political parties for the 2019 European election. The results show that the main proposals linked to PSM involve their independence and the need for increased collaboration, including the establishment of a European public service platform that would enhance the development of a European public sphere.
{"title":"Public Service Media as a Political Issue: How Does the European Parliament Approach PSM and Communication Rights?","authors":"M. Rodríguez-Castro, F. Campos-Freire, A. López-Cepeda","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0439","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Platform dominance, threats to media freedom and disinformation are some of the key phenomena that are shaping the current media environment in Europe and threatening citizens' communication rights. Within this context, Public Service Media (PSM) could have an important role to play, although explicit political support is needed. This article studies the main communication and PSM topics that have been discussed in the European Parliament during the past term (2014–2019) as well as the proposals drafted by political parties for the 2019 European election. The results show that the main proposals linked to PSM involve their independence and the need for increased collaboration, including the establishment of a European public service platform that would enhance the development of a European public sphere.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82587871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0276
Ben Medeiros, Pawanpreet Singh
Through a case study of lynchings in India that are perceived to have been catalyzed by misinformation on WhatsApp, this article explores how policymakers can mitigate social media misinformation without compromising public discourse. We evaluate the costs and benefits of three approaches to managing misinformation: intermediary liability reform, changes to platform design, and public information endeavors addressing user attitudes and behaviors. We find that while current media literacy endeavors seem somewhat misdirected, more locally attuned initiatives might productively address the underlying susceptibility to misinformation while avoiding the free speech compromises that come with stringent liability rules and restrictions on anonymous speech.
{"title":"Addressing Misinformation on Whatsapp in India Through Intermediary Liability Policy, Platform Design Modification, and Media Literacy","authors":"Ben Medeiros, Pawanpreet Singh","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0276","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Through a case study of lynchings in India that are perceived to have been catalyzed by misinformation on WhatsApp, this article explores how policymakers can mitigate social media misinformation without compromising public discourse. We evaluate the costs and benefits of three approaches to managing misinformation: intermediary liability reform, changes to platform design, and public information endeavors addressing user attitudes and behaviors. We find that while current media literacy endeavors seem somewhat misdirected, more locally attuned initiatives might productively address the underlying susceptibility to misinformation while avoiding the free speech compromises that come with stringent liability rules and restrictions on anonymous speech.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80173333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0329
N. Landry, Annie Pilote, Anne-Marie Brunelle
Using the computerized application of Modeling using Object Types (MOT) theory, this article examines the normative dimension of official interpretations of a corpus of core “communication rights” (the right to freedom of opinion and expression, the right to privacy, the right to participate in cultural life, and the right to education) enshrined and protected by the International Covenants on Human Rights. This article proposes a methodological contribution whereby the computerized application of knowledge modeling theory promotes the analysis and popularization of international human rights standards. Research findings draw attention to significant conceptual deficiencies included as part of international human rights standards. These deficiencies undermine the applicability of these standards and their relative usefulness in the context of complex sociopolitical issues relating to communication. In addition, this article underscores the need for communication rights studies to further integrate contributions from the field of international human rights law research. It demonstrates that interdisciplinary dialogue can open up new research agendas for communication rights scholars and contribute to a renewed critical analysis of international human rights standards.
{"title":"Conducting Critical Analysis on International Communication Rights Standards: The Contributions of Graphical Knowledge Modeling","authors":"N. Landry, Annie Pilote, Anne-Marie Brunelle","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0329","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Using the computerized application of Modeling using Object Types (MOT) theory, this article examines the normative dimension of official interpretations of a corpus of core “communication rights” (the right to freedom of opinion and expression, the right to privacy, the right to participate in cultural life, and the right to education) enshrined and protected by the International Covenants on Human Rights. This article proposes a methodological contribution whereby the computerized application of knowledge modeling theory promotes the analysis and popularization of international human rights standards. Research findings draw attention to significant conceptual deficiencies included as part of international human rights standards. These deficiencies undermine the applicability of these standards and their relative usefulness in the context of complex sociopolitical issues relating to communication. In addition, this article underscores the need for communication rights studies to further integrate contributions from the field of international human rights law research. It demonstrates that interdisciplinary dialogue can open up new research agendas for communication rights scholars and contribute to a renewed critical analysis of international human rights standards.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85234030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0474
Jannick Kirk Sørensen,Hilde Van den Bulck,Sokol Kosta
Abstract The article analyzes problems relating to public service media use of third-party services that track, collect, and analyze user behavior. The article extends a rights-based conception of privacy to privacy as a social phenomenon based in trust, relevant to public service media as “islands of trust.” However, data of European public and private media sites show that public service media, especially those that run advertising, show few differences with private media in their use of third-party services. The European Union's (EU's) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) did significantly change this, suggesting a need for public service media to prioritize ethical values over market considerations.
{"title":"Stop Spreading The Data: PSM, Trust, and Third-Party Services","authors":"Jannick Kirk Sørensen,Hilde Van den Bulck,Sokol Kosta","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0474","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article analyzes problems relating to public service media use of third-party services that track, collect, and analyze user behavior. The article extends a rights-based conception of privacy to privacy as a social phenomenon based in trust, relevant to public service media as “islands of trust.” However, data of European public and private media sites show that public service media, especially those that run advertising, show few differences with private media in their use of third-party services. The European Union's (EU's) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) did significantly change this, suggesting a need for public service media to prioritize ethical values over market considerations.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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