Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00208825.2021.1959876
E. Battisti, M. Christofi, D. Vrontis, Niccolò Nirino
Abstract Although the business strategies of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) are investigated theoretically and practically, their diffusion and features in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are not clearly described in the literature. This is in particular due to the recent transformation that member countries have been going through since the financial crisis of 2008 and the Arab Spring. Through shareholder maximization theory, agency theory, and the resource-based view we identified the reasons and characteristics of M&As in the Middle East and North Africa regions. Following a systematic literature review methodology, we identified 37 articles related to M&A in MENA countries published in peer-reviewed journals and reported in CABS ranking (Chartered Association of Business Schools). Based on this analysis, we map the extant literature on the topic and present an integrative framework of these features for future researchers to further explore and expand the boundaries of the domain.
{"title":"Past, present, and future of mergers and acquisitions in the MENA region: a systematic review and integrative framework","authors":"E. Battisti, M. Christofi, D. Vrontis, Niccolò Nirino","doi":"10.1080/00208825.2021.1959876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2021.1959876","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although the business strategies of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) are investigated theoretically and practically, their diffusion and features in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are not clearly described in the literature. This is in particular due to the recent transformation that member countries have been going through since the financial crisis of 2008 and the Arab Spring. Through shareholder maximization theory, agency theory, and the resource-based view we identified the reasons and characteristics of M&As in the Middle East and North Africa regions. Following a systematic literature review methodology, we identified 37 articles related to M&A in MENA countries published in peer-reviewed journals and reported in CABS ranking (Chartered Association of Business Schools). Based on this analysis, we map the extant literature on the topic and present an integrative framework of these features for future researchers to further explore and expand the boundaries of the domain.","PeriodicalId":55644,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION","volume":"47 1","pages":"276 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84826974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00208825.2021.1959877
Muatasim Ismaeel, Abdul Razak Abdul Hadi, Z. Zakaria
Abstract This study explores the prevalence of CSR reporting practice in the Arab region (Arab countries in the Middle East) and highlights the possible causes that affect companies to commit to this practice. The study includes thirteen countries in the region. It identifies the listed companies that publish stand-alone CSR reports, analyses the companies’ characteristics, and the effect of four independent variables on the commitment to CSR reporting, measured by continuity in publishing these reports. The four independent variables include: being a large company, having a global presence, belonging to an environmentally sensitive industry, and belonging to a highly visible industry. The Qualitative Comparative Analysis method is used for causal analysis. Theoretical analysis is informed by institutional theory. Findings show that CSR reporting is still at its early stages in the region. CSR reporting is driven by linkages and openness to the global economy or by high public visibility (because of size and belonging to visible industries) while belonging to environmentally sensitive industries seems not to affect CSR reporting. These findings support the view that CSR reporting is a global practice adopted by companies in developing countries either to respond to global stakeholders or to imitate a global trend.
{"title":"Prevalence of CSR reporting in Arab countries: exploratory study and causal analysis","authors":"Muatasim Ismaeel, Abdul Razak Abdul Hadi, Z. Zakaria","doi":"10.1080/00208825.2021.1959877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2021.1959877","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study explores the prevalence of CSR reporting practice in the Arab region (Arab countries in the Middle East) and highlights the possible causes that affect companies to commit to this practice. The study includes thirteen countries in the region. It identifies the listed companies that publish stand-alone CSR reports, analyses the companies’ characteristics, and the effect of four independent variables on the commitment to CSR reporting, measured by continuity in publishing these reports. The four independent variables include: being a large company, having a global presence, belonging to an environmentally sensitive industry, and belonging to a highly visible industry. The Qualitative Comparative Analysis method is used for causal analysis. Theoretical analysis is informed by institutional theory. Findings show that CSR reporting is still at its early stages in the region. CSR reporting is driven by linkages and openness to the global economy or by high public visibility (because of size and belonging to visible industries) while belonging to environmentally sensitive industries seems not to affect CSR reporting. These findings support the view that CSR reporting is a global practice adopted by companies in developing countries either to respond to global stakeholders or to imitate a global trend.","PeriodicalId":55644,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION","volume":"9 1","pages":"237 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84175582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00208825.2021.1959879
B. Rettab, Pietro Micheli, M. Mura, Kamel Mellahi, V. Pereira
Abstract This study examines drivers of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) measurement and investment in CSR. Specifically, the study examines the links between the underlying motives for measuring CSR performance, namely to comply with regulation, to provide management support, and improve stakeholders’ satisfaction, and the impact thereof on CSR investments. The analysis of survey data of 307 companies based in Dubai identified five clusters of CSR measurements. The results show that while CSR measurement is a significant driver of CSR investments, there are varied associations between the three main drivers of CSR measurement and investment in CSR practices. Theoretical and practical implications of the study, are discussed.
{"title":"The perceived value of measuring the impact of CSR performance on CSR investment: evidence from the UAE","authors":"B. Rettab, Pietro Micheli, M. Mura, Kamel Mellahi, V. Pereira","doi":"10.1080/00208825.2021.1959879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2021.1959879","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examines drivers of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) measurement and investment in CSR. Specifically, the study examines the links between the underlying motives for measuring CSR performance, namely to comply with regulation, to provide management support, and improve stakeholders’ satisfaction, and the impact thereof on CSR investments. The analysis of survey data of 307 companies based in Dubai identified five clusters of CSR measurements. The results show that while CSR measurement is a significant driver of CSR investments, there are varied associations between the three main drivers of CSR measurement and investment in CSR practices. Theoretical and practical implications of the study, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":55644,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION","volume":"1 1","pages":"201 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72741628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00208825.2021.1959881
P. Budhwar, V. Pereira, Yama Temouri, Hoa Do
Abstract In this introduction we review the extant literature that demonstrate the importance of the Middle Eastern institutional and cultural context in shaping international business’s (IB) strategies and practices across several countries. Drawing on the literature, as well as the five articles included in this special issue, we (1) outline the state of socio-cultural, historical and economic forces that shape international business in several Middle Eastern nations; (2) utilize institutional theory to evaluate the constraints of international business practices in the Middle East; and (3) highlight the key gaps in the literature and the challenges faced by IB scholars and practitioners in the Middle East. We subsequently propose an agenda for future research in order to lay the foundation for international business scholars to advance the theorizing and application of IB practices in the Middle East context.
{"title":"International business research and scholarship in the Middle East: developments and future directions","authors":"P. Budhwar, V. Pereira, Yama Temouri, Hoa Do","doi":"10.1080/00208825.2021.1959881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2021.1959881","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this introduction we review the extant literature that demonstrate the importance of the Middle Eastern institutional and cultural context in shaping international business’s (IB) strategies and practices across several countries. Drawing on the literature, as well as the five articles included in this special issue, we (1) outline the state of socio-cultural, historical and economic forces that shape international business in several Middle Eastern nations; (2) utilize institutional theory to evaluate the constraints of international business practices in the Middle East; and (3) highlight the key gaps in the literature and the challenges faced by IB scholars and practitioners in the Middle East. We subsequently propose an agenda for future research in order to lay the foundation for international business scholars to advance the theorizing and application of IB practices in the Middle East context.","PeriodicalId":55644,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION","volume":"24 1","pages":"185 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80457468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00208825.2021.1959878
Moustafa Salman Haj Youssef, D. Teng
Abstract The international entry mode strategies literature presents limited findings for the Middle East, particularly for Arab countries and the Gulf Cooperating Council Countries. Using a qualitative approach to understand the market entry strategies of multinational corporations, it is evident that the traditional entry modes are not the only form of entry strategy for MNCs in the Middle East. Semi-structured interviews were used to analyze data primary data collected from senior managers in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates. Findings show that in addition to traditional entry modes, Multinational companies have developed an extra approach to entering Middle Eastern markets by forming joint ventures with individuals rather than with corporations. We label this entry mode as ‘sponsorship’ strategy. Implications for research and practice are offered.
{"title":"Market entry strategies in the Middle East: unveiling the sponsorship strategy","authors":"Moustafa Salman Haj Youssef, D. Teng","doi":"10.1080/00208825.2021.1959878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2021.1959878","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The international entry mode strategies literature presents limited findings for the Middle East, particularly for Arab countries and the Gulf Cooperating Council Countries. Using a qualitative approach to understand the market entry strategies of multinational corporations, it is evident that the traditional entry modes are not the only form of entry strategy for MNCs in the Middle East. Semi-structured interviews were used to analyze data primary data collected from senior managers in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates. Findings show that in addition to traditional entry modes, Multinational companies have developed an extra approach to entering Middle Eastern markets by forming joint ventures with individuals rather than with corporations. We label this entry mode as ‘sponsorship’ strategy. Implications for research and practice are offered.","PeriodicalId":55644,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION","volume":"11 1","pages":"253 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86474193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-11DOI: 10.1080/00208825.2021.1900658
(2021). List of Reviewers. International Studies of Management & Organization: Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 93-93.
(2021)。审稿人列表。《国际管理与组织研究》，第51卷第1期，第93-93页。
{"title":"List of Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00208825.2021.1900658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2021.1900658","url":null,"abstract":"(2021). List of Reviewers. International Studies of Management & Organization: Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 93-93.","PeriodicalId":55644,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION","volume":"59 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-05DOI: 10.1080/00208825.2021.1969136
Feim Blakçori, Alexandros G. Psychogios
Abstract At the core of sense-making is its fundamental function of creating discursive order to equivocal occurrences. Although researchers have emphasized the organizational and managerial factors that trigger sense-making in settings, fewer things are known on how middle managers’ discursive sensemaking is constructed during the process of change in the public sector. In this empirical study, we explore middle managers’ sense-making in public organizations, that constrain the flow of change in reforming public governance. The research draws on qualitative data garnered from 31 interviews with middle managers in three public organizations in two periods of time (2016 and 2017). We illustrate managing divergences and strategizing sensemaking of the change process as intricate and multidimensional means of middle managers’ sense-making framework of ensuring change in the public sector. We argue that middle managers intensify their commitment to learning from change and therefore live the organizational life that sometimes demands commiserating the lack of exerting structural power by highlighting the contextual myopic circumstances of institutional dependence. Theoretical and practical implications are also elaborated.
{"title":"Sensing from the middle: middle managers’ sensemaking of change process in public organizations","authors":"Feim Blakçori, Alexandros G. Psychogios","doi":"10.1080/00208825.2021.1969136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2021.1969136","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract At the core of sense-making is its fundamental function of creating discursive order to equivocal occurrences. Although researchers have emphasized the organizational and managerial factors that trigger sense-making in settings, fewer things are known on how middle managers’ discursive sensemaking is constructed during the process of change in the public sector. In this empirical study, we explore middle managers’ sense-making in public organizations, that constrain the flow of change in reforming public governance. The research draws on qualitative data garnered from 31 interviews with middle managers in three public organizations in two periods of time (2016 and 2017). We illustrate managing divergences and strategizing sensemaking of the change process as intricate and multidimensional means of middle managers’ sense-making framework of ensuring change in the public sector. We argue that middle managers intensify their commitment to learning from change and therefore live the organizational life that sometimes demands commiserating the lack of exerting structural power by highlighting the contextual myopic circumstances of institutional dependence. Theoretical and practical implications are also elaborated.","PeriodicalId":55644,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION","volume":"31 1","pages":"328 - 353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87381157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/00208825.2021.1927311
Lars Osterbrink, P. Alpar
Abstract Microtasks accomplished by humans are used in many corners of the Internet. They help to make decisions where it is not possible to rely on algorithms (yet) like insult detection or fake reviews. People conducting crowdwork, crowdworkers, are often recruited via platforms where employers have more power than crowdworkers. This is sometimes misused by offering poor work conditions, which can lead to poor work quality. Online feedback systems (OFS) can discipline employers to improve work conditions and subsequently work quality. Unfortunately, the majority of crowdworkers do not contribute to an OFS and remain silent. We develop and test a model based on self-determination theory with PLS-SEM to explain their silence. Perceived cost and perceived non-relevance are deterrents to contributions. However, satisfaction in helping others and the wish to belong to the community are significant motivational factors, which could be used in the design of an OFS to foster crowdworkers’ contributions.
{"title":"Silence of crowdworkers—reasons and implications for work conditions and quality","authors":"Lars Osterbrink, P. Alpar","doi":"10.1080/00208825.2021.1927311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2021.1927311","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Microtasks accomplished by humans are used in many corners of the Internet. They help to make decisions where it is not possible to rely on algorithms (yet) like insult detection or fake reviews. People conducting crowdwork, crowdworkers, are often recruited via platforms where employers have more power than crowdworkers. This is sometimes misused by offering poor work conditions, which can lead to poor work quality. Online feedback systems (OFS) can discipline employers to improve work conditions and subsequently work quality. Unfortunately, the majority of crowdworkers do not contribute to an OFS and remain silent. We develop and test a model based on self-determination theory with PLS-SEM to explain their silence. Perceived cost and perceived non-relevance are deterrents to contributions. However, satisfaction in helping others and the wish to belong to the community are significant motivational factors, which could be used in the design of an OFS to foster crowdworkers’ contributions.","PeriodicalId":55644,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION","volume":"85 1","pages":"136 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85890697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/00208825.2021.1927312
A. Pastra, D. Koufopoulos, Nikola Samac, Tafsir Johansson
Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between conflict in the boardroom and board performance in the Nordic Region. Embracing the information-processing perspective, we conceptualize board of directors as information processing systems that process large amounts of data and any type of conflict could affect their performance. Using primary data from 184 member of different boards, we conducted exploratory factor analyses of the used scales in order to confirm their proposed factor structure. After confirming their validity and reliability, hierarchical multiple regressions were applied. Results indicate that: (1) Relationship conflict has a negative effect on the performance of the board in providing strategic leadership and readiness; and (2) Process conflict negatively predicts strategic leadership. The above findings advance theoretical understanding of conflict in the boardroom and underline the need for a clear distinction between relationship conflict and process conflict since the two exist at different levels of the ‘conflict’ structure and instigated by different factors hinting different effects on board performance. Our study has several contributions to managerial practice, such as that personal friction among directors at the board meetings impacts both the strategic leadership of the board and its readiness in anticipating threats. In addition, process conflict in the boardroom may lead to misjudgments about shaping and implementing organizational strategy.
{"title":"Conflict in the boardroom: perceptions of board members in the Nordic Region","authors":"A. Pastra, D. Koufopoulos, Nikola Samac, Tafsir Johansson","doi":"10.1080/00208825.2021.1927312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2021.1927312","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between conflict in the boardroom and board performance in the Nordic Region. Embracing the information-processing perspective, we conceptualize board of directors as information processing systems that process large amounts of data and any type of conflict could affect their performance. Using primary data from 184 member of different boards, we conducted exploratory factor analyses of the used scales in order to confirm their proposed factor structure. After confirming their validity and reliability, hierarchical multiple regressions were applied. Results indicate that: (1) Relationship conflict has a negative effect on the performance of the board in providing strategic leadership and readiness; and (2) Process conflict negatively predicts strategic leadership. The above findings advance theoretical understanding of conflict in the boardroom and underline the need for a clear distinction between relationship conflict and process conflict since the two exist at different levels of the ‘conflict’ structure and instigated by different factors hinting different effects on board performance. Our study has several contributions to managerial practice, such as that personal friction among directors at the board meetings impacts both the strategic leadership of the board and its readiness in anticipating threats. In addition, process conflict in the boardroom may lead to misjudgments about shaping and implementing organizational strategy.","PeriodicalId":55644,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION","volume":"16 1","pages":"116 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80657368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/00208825.2021.1898102
Uchenna Uzo, J. Mair
Abstract Research has often underestimated the pervasive and global occurrence of informality because studies largely define informality as illegal economic practices. This study adopts a multidimensional view of informality to explain how and why firms habitually improvise even when they do not experience unexpected or extreme eventualities. We addressed this concern through a comparative ethnographic study of three film production crews in the Nigerian movie industry. Our findings unravel the multiple dimensions of informality and define habitual improvization. We build a theoretical model that traces the organizing principles of informality and how they affect the modes of implementation and outcomes of habitual improvization. Finally, we offer an agenda for future theoretical and empirical research on informality and organizational improvization.
{"title":"How informality affects habitual improvisation in firms: insights from the Nigerian movie industry","authors":"Uchenna Uzo, J. Mair","doi":"10.1080/00208825.2021.1898102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2021.1898102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research has often underestimated the pervasive and global occurrence of informality because studies largely define informality as illegal economic practices. This study adopts a multidimensional view of informality to explain how and why firms habitually improvise even when they do not experience unexpected or extreme eventualities. We addressed this concern through a comparative ethnographic study of three film production crews in the Nigerian movie industry. Our findings unravel the multiple dimensions of informality and define habitual improvization. We build a theoretical model that traces the organizing principles of informality and how they affect the modes of implementation and outcomes of habitual improvization. Finally, we offer an agenda for future theoretical and empirical research on informality and organizational improvization.","PeriodicalId":55644,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION","volume":"19 1","pages":"162 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79245541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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