The aim of the paper is to investigate the level of employees’ knowledge of socially responsible activities and CSR approach in Frauenthal Automotive Torun (FTO), one of the local companies, which tries to be socially responsible for all of its stakeholders. The reason of conducting the study is a desire of verification if employees understand and know about company’s CSR projects. In order to achieve the aim of the paper, the follow-ing objectives have been set: (1) to discuss various approaches to define corporate social responsibility (CSR); (2) to present the possible types of socially responsible activities towards employ-ees; (3) to measure and analyse whether FTO employees know the concepts of CSR, sustainable development, stakeholders and how they perceive the ideas of corporate social responsibility in the environment they work in. The analysis is based on the findings from the questionnaire survey in FTO operating in Torun, Poland. FTO is selected as the unit where the survey is conducted due to its socially responsible approach to employees, what is confirmed by previous studies.
{"title":"Employees’ Knowledge of Corporate Social Responsibility Concept and Activities: The Case Study of Frauenthal Automotive Toruń","authors":"M. Jagielski, Patryk Jakub Taciak","doi":"10.12775/JCRL.2017.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/JCRL.2017.017","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the paper is to investigate the level of employees’ knowledge of socially responsible activities and CSR approach in Frauenthal Automotive Torun (FTO), one of the local companies, which tries to be socially responsible for all of its stakeholders. The reason of conducting the study is a desire of verification if employees understand and know about company’s CSR projects. In order to achieve the aim of the paper, the follow-ing objectives have been set: (1) to discuss various approaches to define corporate social responsibility (CSR); (2) to present the possible types of socially responsible activities towards employ-ees; (3) to measure and analyse whether FTO employees know the concepts of CSR, sustainable development, stakeholders and how they perceive the ideas of corporate social responsibility in the environment they work in. The analysis is based on the findings from the questionnaire survey in FTO operating in Torun, Poland. FTO is selected as the unit where the survey is conducted due to its socially responsible approach to employees, what is confirmed by previous studies.","PeriodicalId":55697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Corporate Responsibility and Leadership","volume":"4 1","pages":"75-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47499828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Certainly, competitiveness and competition are attribut-ed to human nature. But it is no longer certain that this also applies to ethical behaviour and responsibility, although responsible businesses are also those which respect the law. For this reason, many countries established institutions and laws protecting equal opportunities of entrepreneurs on the market. The purpose of this article is to analyse cases of non-compliance with the rules of fair competition, and then to determine characteristics of the analysed cases in terms of a sphere of activity of an entrepreneur, and the nature of violation. In particular, there will be examined agreements restricting competition and abuse of entrepreneur’s dominant position. Finally, trends in changes will be identified. Design/methodology/approach: A critical analysis of literature, an analysis of legal acts, and an analysis of violations of law reports were used. Empirical data about violations were taken from reports of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protec-tion, which aim is to protect competition in Poland. Cases from 2012 and 2015 were taken for analysis (54 in total). Findings: All the cases from 2012 and 2015 were analysed. Regarding non-competition agreements, only companies were accused (no public institutions). Within three years, the nature of violation changed from imposition of prices to fixing behaviours of companies in tenders. In case of abuse of entrepreneur’s dominant position, the main group of accused organisations were self -governments (communes). Again, within three years the nature of violation changed from imposition of unfavourable contracts to burden of unfair fees. Because of the large number of factors influencing behaviour of entrepre-neurs on the market it is impossible to determine rationales of the change, so for that reason only their nature is described. Research and practical limitations/implications: Information about violations of law was taken from reports of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection, and due to the large material range, cases from years 2012 and 2015 were selected for analysis. For more accurate results, a broader scope of research should be included, so this work can be a base for further research. Originality/value: The article discusses spheres of business and types of actions that are not in line with fair competition practices. Paper type: theoretical with case analysis.
{"title":"Infringements of Competition Rules: An Analysis of Unethical and Illegal Behaviours of Entrepreneurs in Poland","authors":"J. Hernik","doi":"10.12775/JCRL.2017.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/JCRL.2017.016","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Certainly, competitiveness and competition are attribut-ed to human nature. But it is no longer certain that this also applies to ethical behaviour and responsibility, although responsible businesses are also those which respect the law. For this reason, many countries established institutions and laws protecting equal opportunities of entrepreneurs on the market. The purpose of this article is to analyse cases of non-compliance with the rules of fair competition, and then to determine characteristics of the analysed cases in terms of a sphere of activity of an entrepreneur, and the nature of violation. In particular, there will be examined agreements restricting competition and abuse of entrepreneur’s dominant position. Finally, trends in changes will be identified. Design/methodology/approach: A critical analysis of literature, an analysis of legal acts, and an analysis of violations of law reports were used. Empirical data about violations were taken from reports of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protec-tion, which aim is to protect competition in Poland. Cases from 2012 and 2015 were taken for analysis (54 in total). Findings: All the cases from 2012 and 2015 were analysed. Regarding non-competition agreements, only companies were accused (no public institutions). Within three years, the nature of violation changed from imposition of prices to fixing behaviours of companies in tenders. In case of abuse of entrepreneur’s dominant position, the main group of accused organisations were self -governments (communes). Again, within three years the nature of violation changed from imposition of unfavourable contracts to burden of unfair fees. Because of the large number of factors influencing behaviour of entrepre-neurs on the market it is impossible to determine rationales of the change, so for that reason only their nature is described. Research and practical limitations/implications: Information about violations of law was taken from reports of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection, and due to the large material range, cases from years 2012 and 2015 were selected for analysis. For more accurate results, a broader scope of research should be included, so this work can be a base for further research. Originality/value: The article discusses spheres of business and types of actions that are not in line with fair competition practices. Paper type: theoretical with case analysis.","PeriodicalId":55697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Corporate Responsibility and Leadership","volume":"4 1","pages":"57-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46410060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Creating Competitiveness of Peripheral Areas: The Study of Poland’s Eastern Border Regions","authors":"A. Malkowski","doi":"10.12775/jcrl.2017.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jcrl.2017.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Corporate Responsibility and Leadership","volume":"4 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45260250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Capital in the 21st Century: Are the Thomas Piketty’s Ideas a Way to Welfare and Prosperity or Enslavement?","authors":"G. Hoppe","doi":"10.12775/JCRL.2017.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/JCRL.2017.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Corporate Responsibility and Leadership","volume":"4 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42760431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The 8th International Scientific Conference Economy, Management and Environment","authors":"Barbara Czerniachowicz, Anna WIECZOREK-SZYMAŃSKA","doi":"10.12775/jcrl.2017.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jcrl.2017.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Corporate Responsibility and Leadership","volume":"4 1","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47583140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The effectiveness and quality of the tasks performed is an indicator of the functioning of organisations in both the public and private sectors. This article presents experience in implementing Shared Services Centres (SSCs) in both sectors in Great Britain. What are the differences in implementing and functioning of SSCs in the public and private sector organisations, and how much can the organisations of both sectors learn from their experience – these are the key questions that the authors have answered in this article. Design/ methodology/ approach: analysis of literature, reports and available databases. Findings: Private sector experience in creating business process modelling for shared service centres has been implemented in the public sector in the UK. The nature of the shared services provided plays a significant part in the establishing of shared services cen-tres in self-government and government organisations. Research and practical limitations/implications: The article has an important practical value. The results of the research presented in the article may be used to model business processes of public services covered by shared services. Originality/value: The article presents principles of creating and designing shared services in the public sector. The article is direct-ed primarily to managers of public sector entities (self-government and government). Paper type: literature review, theoretical paper.
{"title":"Shared Services Centres in the Public and Private Sectors: The Case Study of the United Kingdom","authors":"Robert Gawłowski, P. Modrzyński","doi":"10.12775/JCRL.2017.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/JCRL.2017.008","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The effectiveness and quality of the tasks performed is an indicator of the functioning of organisations in both the public and private sectors. This article presents experience in implementing Shared Services Centres (SSCs) in both sectors in Great Britain. What are the differences in implementing and functioning of SSCs in the public and private sector organisations, and how much can the organisations of both sectors learn from their experience – these are the key questions that the authors have answered in this article. Design/ methodology/ approach: analysis of literature, reports and available databases. Findings: Private sector experience in creating business process modelling for shared service centres has been implemented in the public sector in the UK. The nature of the shared services provided plays a significant part in the establishing of shared services cen-tres in self-government and government organisations. Research and practical limitations/implications: The article has an important practical value. The results of the research presented in the article may be used to model business processes of public services covered by shared services. Originality/value: The article presents principles of creating and designing shared services in the public sector. The article is direct-ed primarily to managers of public sector entities (self-government and government). Paper type: literature review, theoretical paper.","PeriodicalId":55697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Corporate Responsibility and Leadership","volume":"4 1","pages":"25-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45461696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The 2nd Szczecin International Spring Management Workshops","authors":"Barbara Czerniachowicz, Anna WIECZOREK-SZYMAŃSKA","doi":"10.12775/JCRL.2017.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/JCRL.2017.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Corporate Responsibility and Leadership","volume":"4 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42456574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The aim of the paper is to study the impact of currency risks on the activities of Ukrainian business entities as well as the necessity of the introduction of certain elements of the currency risk management system. Design/methodology/approach: Scientific methods used in the study are: systematic analysis of economic phenomena and comparison (for assessment of foreign trade in Poland and Ukraine), systematization and generalization (for dividing the exchange risks into categories), sample survey and grouping (for research of companies’ reporting), analysis and synthesis (for identifying areas of cooperation of the Polish and Ukrainian business). Findings: Identified types of currency risks enabled to outline the zone of high currency risk in transactions of foreign trade, which requires the use of risk management techniques. Based on research of the companies’ reports the absence of mechanisms of currency JOurnal Of COrpOrate respOnsibility and leadership the Challenges Of COntempOrary management in the glObal eCOnOmy 56 Valentyna Ksendzuk, Olena Syvak risk management use in practice of Ukrainian business entities has been found as well as advisability of transferring experience of Polish companies has been proved. Research and practical limitations/implications: The practical significance of scientific results is substantiation of approach to currency risk management in companies and providing recommendations for the improvement of Ukrainian enterprises’ activities in terms of application of currency risk management. The cooperation of Polish and Ukrainian business is one of the areas of sharing experience. Originality/value: The estimation of the current status of foreign trade of Ukraine and Poland is given, on the basis of which the influence of exchange rate changes on the activity of enterprises has been substantiated. The experience of Poland in the field of currency risk management is considered to be reasonable for implementation in Ukrainian enterprises in order to develop performance indicators that will be comparable. On the basis of this, the directions of development of Polish and Ukrainian cooperation have been identified in regard to the development of business consortiums and formation of joint Polish-Ukrainian business incubators. Paper type: original research.
{"title":"Currency Risks in Foreign Trade as Challenges for Enterprises Management System in Poland and Ukraine","authors":"V. Ksendzuk, O. Syvak","doi":"10.12775/jcrl.2017.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/jcrl.2017.010","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the paper is to study the impact of currency risks on the activities of Ukrainian business entities as well as the necessity of the introduction of certain elements of the currency risk management system. Design/methodology/approach: Scientific methods used in the study are: systematic analysis of economic phenomena and comparison (for assessment of foreign trade in Poland and Ukraine), systematization and generalization (for dividing the exchange risks into categories), sample survey and grouping (for research of companies’ reporting), analysis and synthesis (for identifying areas of cooperation of the Polish and Ukrainian business). Findings: Identified types of currency risks enabled to outline the zone of high currency risk in transactions of foreign trade, which requires the use of risk management techniques. Based on research of the companies’ reports the absence of mechanisms of currency JOurnal Of COrpOrate respOnsibility and leadership the Challenges Of COntempOrary management in the glObal eCOnOmy 56 Valentyna Ksendzuk, Olena Syvak risk management use in practice of Ukrainian business entities has been found as well as advisability of transferring experience of Polish companies has been proved. Research and practical limitations/implications: The practical significance of scientific results is substantiation of approach to currency risk management in companies and providing recommendations for the improvement of Ukrainian enterprises’ activities in terms of application of currency risk management. The cooperation of Polish and Ukrainian business is one of the areas of sharing experience. Originality/value: The estimation of the current status of foreign trade of Ukraine and Poland is given, on the basis of which the influence of exchange rate changes on the activity of enterprises has been substantiated. The experience of Poland in the field of currency risk management is considered to be reasonable for implementation in Ukrainian enterprises in order to develop performance indicators that will be comparable. On the basis of this, the directions of development of Polish and Ukrainian cooperation have been identified in regard to the development of business consortiums and formation of joint Polish-Ukrainian business incubators. Paper type: original research.","PeriodicalId":55697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Corporate Responsibility and Leadership","volume":"4 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41897280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main aim of the article is to define practical recom-mendations for Polish employees and managers facilitating their multicultural cooperation with Chinese partners and contributing to intercultural management in organisations operating abroad. In order to achieve the aim of the paper, the following operational research questions have been formulated: (1) Which cultural factors have an impact on effectiveness and the quality of Pol-ish-Chinese partnership? (2) What are the biggest difficulties for Poles in relations with Chinese partners? (3) Which aspects are the most significant in building and creating relations with Chinese partners? (4) Which guidelines about cooperation with Chinese partners are useful in practice and allow to succeed? Analysis is based on data collected from the qualitative study. Research methods are direct, in-depth structured interviews as well as partly structured observations conducted by the author.
{"title":"Cultural Differences and Polish-Chinese Business Relations in Practice","authors":"Anna Dębczyńska","doi":"10.12775/JCRL.2017.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/JCRL.2017.007","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of the article is to define practical recom-mendations for Polish employees and managers facilitating their multicultural cooperation with Chinese partners and contributing to intercultural management in organisations operating abroad. In order to achieve the aim of the paper, the following operational research questions have been formulated: (1) Which cultural factors have an impact on effectiveness and the quality of Pol-ish-Chinese partnership? (2) What are the biggest difficulties for Poles in relations with Chinese partners? (3) Which aspects are the most significant in building and creating relations with Chinese partners? (4) Which guidelines about cooperation with Chinese partners are useful in practice and allow to succeed? Analysis is based on data collected from the qualitative study. Research methods are direct, in-depth structured interviews as well as partly structured observations conducted by the author.","PeriodicalId":55697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Corporate Responsibility and Leadership","volume":"4 1","pages":"7-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44314425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The aim of the paper is to identify and explore leading thematic areas within the research field related to a sustainable enterprise/organisation. The following research questions are asked to achieve the aim of the study: (1) What are the leading areas/topics of scientific inquiry in the research field? (2) What is the research status in the leading research areas/topics? (3) What are the most up-to-date (emerging) topics in the field? Design/methodology/approach: Analysis of keywords co-occurrence is the bibliometric method used to map the research field. The methodology of systematic literature review is applied in order to conduct the analysis of research status in the identified leading thematic areas within the research field. Findings: The study identifies and discusses seven streams of research associated with the concept of a sustainable enterprise i.e. (1) sustainable development and sustainable enterprise idea, (2) sustainability, (3) strategic management and functional areas management, (4) human and organisational context, (5) sustainable manufacturing, (6) industrial context and (7) environmental management. Moreover, emerging, ‘hot’ topics attracting a growing attention of the research community in recent years are enumerated, which include such issues as: (1) the concept of the sustainable, smart and sensing enterprise, (2) sustainable enterprise resource planning and allocation, (3) building competitive advantage in a sustainable enterprise, (4) managing sales in a sustainable enterprise, (5) managing sustainable supply chains, and (6) developing sustainable enterprise excellence. Research and practical limitations/implications: Mapping of the research field and identifying emerging topics provides guidelines for further studies, which can be considered as valuable contribution to the theory and research development. However, due to the theoretical character of the study its practical implications are rather limited. Originality/value: As a bibliometric study, the paper generates the added value mainly from the point of view of the theory development. Its originality derives from a very limited number of studies which use the methodology of keywords analysis to map the research field and identify leading topics within it. Paper type: review paper.
{"title":"Keywords Co-occurrence Analysis of Research on Sustainable Enterprise and Sustainable Organisation","authors":"A. Lis","doi":"10.12775/JCRL.2018.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/JCRL.2018.011","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the paper is to identify and explore leading thematic areas within the research field related to a sustainable enterprise/organisation. The following research questions are asked to achieve the aim of the study: (1) What are the leading areas/topics of scientific inquiry in the research field? (2) What is the research status in the leading research areas/topics? (3) What are the most up-to-date (emerging) topics in the field? Design/methodology/approach: Analysis of keywords co-occurrence is the bibliometric method used to map the research field. The methodology of systematic literature review is applied in order to conduct the analysis of research status in the identified leading thematic areas within the research field. Findings: The study identifies and discusses seven streams of research associated with the concept of a sustainable enterprise i.e. (1) sustainable development and sustainable enterprise idea, (2) sustainability, (3) strategic management and functional areas management, (4) human and organisational context, (5) sustainable manufacturing, (6) industrial context and (7) environmental management. Moreover, emerging, ‘hot’ topics attracting a growing attention of the research community in recent years are enumerated, which include such issues as: (1) the concept of the sustainable, smart and sensing enterprise, (2) sustainable enterprise resource planning and allocation, (3) building competitive advantage in a sustainable enterprise, (4) managing sales in a sustainable enterprise, (5) managing sustainable supply chains, and (6) developing sustainable enterprise excellence. Research and practical limitations/implications: Mapping of the research field and identifying emerging topics provides guidelines for further studies, which can be considered as valuable contribution to the theory and research development. However, due to the theoretical character of the study its practical implications are rather limited. Originality/value: As a bibliometric study, the paper generates the added value mainly from the point of view of the theory development. Its originality derives from a very limited number of studies which use the methodology of keywords analysis to map the research field and identify leading topics within it. Paper type: review paper.","PeriodicalId":55697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Corporate Responsibility and Leadership","volume":"5 1","pages":"47-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66590105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：