Estimation of Rock Quality Designation (RQD) distribution with low value of error is crucial for mining excavation based on geomechanical data. This paper proposes an application of an Inverse Distance Weighted Anisotropic Method (IDWAM) based on combined variograms to construct RQD block model in Kahang Copper-Molybdenum (Cu-Mo) porphyry deposit, Central Iran, using subsurface data. To do this, an appropriate voxel size was calculated and then RQD variography was carried in horizontal and vertical directions. In addition, Deere and Miller rock classification was used to classify RQD block model for a final open pit interpretation. Finally, correlation between results for RQD estimated derived via the IDWAM and raw data was carried out using jackknife method. The results obtained by the combination of IDWAM and experimental variogram showed that the excellent RQD zones are located in the central and North Western parts of this area.
{"title":"Application of an Inverse Distance Weighted Anisotropic Method for Rock Quality Designation distribution in Eastern Kahang deposit, Central Iran","authors":"A. Yasrebi, A. Hezarkhani, P. Afzal, N. Madani","doi":"10.5937/jmma1901001y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/jmma1901001y","url":null,"abstract":"Estimation of Rock Quality Designation (RQD) distribution with low value of error is crucial for mining excavation based on geomechanical data. This paper proposes an application of an Inverse Distance Weighted Anisotropic Method (IDWAM) based on combined variograms to construct RQD block model in Kahang Copper-Molybdenum (Cu-Mo) porphyry deposit, Central Iran, using subsurface data. To do this, an appropriate voxel size was calculated and then RQD variography was carried in horizontal and vertical directions. In addition, Deere and Miller rock classification was used to classify RQD block model for a final open pit interpretation. Finally, correlation between results for RQD estimated derived via the IDWAM and raw data was carried out using jackknife method. The results obtained by the combination of IDWAM and experimental variogram showed that the excellent RQD zones are located in the central and North Western parts of this area.","PeriodicalId":55719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section A Mining","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86796785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Pavlović, M. Dojčinović, L. Andric, D. Radulovic
The paper examines the resistance to the effect of cavitation of glass-ceramics based on basalt. Two types of samples were investigated: cast and sintered samples based on basalt.The cavitation erosion test was performed using the ultrasonic vibratory method with a stationary sample. To measure the cavitation resistance, a change in sample mass in function of the cavitation time was monitored. The change in the morphology of the surface with the test time was followed by scanning electron microscopy. The level of the surface degradation of the samples was quantified using the image analysis. Samples were tested under the same conditions. A comparison of the properties of the resistance to the effect of cavitation was performed in relation to the calculated cavitation rates. The results showed the high degree of cavitation resistance of the tested samples and the possibility of their application in conditions of high cavitation loads.
{"title":"Comparison of the formation and development of cavitation damage on cast and sintered samples based on basalt","authors":"M. Pavlović, M. Dojčinović, L. Andric, D. Radulovic","doi":"10.5937/jmma1901037p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/jmma1901037p","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the resistance to the effect of cavitation of glass-ceramics based on basalt. Two types of samples were investigated: cast and sintered samples based on basalt.The cavitation erosion test was performed using the ultrasonic vibratory method with a stationary sample. To measure the cavitation resistance, a change in sample mass in function of the cavitation time was monitored. The change in the morphology of the surface with the test time was followed by scanning electron microscopy. The level of the surface degradation of the samples was quantified using the image analysis. Samples were tested under the same conditions. A comparison of the properties of the resistance to the effect of cavitation was performed in relation to the calculated cavitation rates. The results showed the high degree of cavitation resistance of the tested samples and the possibility of their application in conditions of high cavitation loads.","PeriodicalId":55719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section A Mining","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77555525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The environmental pollution is a major problem over the world. The large amount of pollutants formed during various industrial processes reaches the ecosystem. Thus, heavy metals, oils and other organic compounds are responsible for water contamination. It is known that heavy metals have toxic effect on the environment. Additionally, they are non-degradable and have ability to reach the living organisms through the food chain. Among different methods, the adsorption is widely used in wastewater treatment due to simplicity of the process and efficiency in the removal of pollutants. Natural zeolites from different deposits have shown good selectivity for heavy metal ions. Additionally, they are environmentally friendly, low-cost and have high ion exchange capacity.
{"title":"Application of natural zeolite in wastewater treatment: A review","authors":"Ž. Tasić, G. Bogdanović, M. Antonijevic","doi":"10.5937/jmma1901067t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/jmma1901067t","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental pollution is a major problem over the world. The large amount of pollutants formed during various industrial processes reaches the ecosystem. Thus, heavy metals, oils and other organic compounds are responsible for water contamination. It is known that heavy metals have toxic effect on the environment. Additionally, they are non-degradable and have ability to reach the living organisms through the food chain. Among different methods, the adsorption is widely used in wastewater treatment due to simplicity of the process and efficiency in the removal of pollutants. Natural zeolites from different deposits have shown good selectivity for heavy metal ions. Additionally, they are environmentally friendly, low-cost and have high ion exchange capacity.","PeriodicalId":55719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section A Mining","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81369668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sokolović, R. Stanojlović, L. Andric, Z. Štirbanović, N. Ćirić
This paper presents the results of mineralogical and flotation studies on the copper ore from the deposit „North Revir“ in the Copper Mine Majdanpek, using different collectors. XRD and ore mineralogical analysis showed that the most common minerals are pyrite and chalcopyrite. Chemical analysis confirm that it is a complex low-grade copper ore with average copper content of 0,273%. The content of precious metals (Au and Ag) was 0.2 g/t and 1.2 g/t, respectively. The main aim of flotation studies have been the effect of collector type on the recovery and concentrate grade in the copper flotation process. Various collectors and combinations of them were used in the rough flotation tests of copper ore. The copper recovery was in the range from 79.43% (test no. 4) to 84.96% (test no. 7). The best flotation results were obtained with mixture collectors of sodium isopropyl xanthate (Z11), dialkyl dithiophosphinates (Aerophine 3404) and SKIK BZ 2000. The collector’s dosages of 20 g/t Z11, 8 g/t AP3404 and 8 g/t SKIK BZ 2000 produced the copper recovery (84.96 %) with copper concentrate grade of 1.52%
{"title":"Flotation studies of copper ore Majdanpek to enhance copper recovery and concentrate grade with different collectors","authors":"J. Sokolović, R. Stanojlović, L. Andric, Z. Štirbanović, N. Ćirić","doi":"10.5937/jmma1901053s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/jmma1901053s","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of mineralogical and flotation studies on the copper ore from the deposit „North Revir“ in the Copper Mine Majdanpek, using different collectors. XRD and ore mineralogical analysis showed that the most common minerals are pyrite and chalcopyrite. Chemical analysis confirm that it is a complex low-grade copper ore with average copper content of 0,273%. The content of precious metals (Au and Ag) was 0.2 g/t and 1.2 g/t, respectively. The main aim of flotation studies have been the effect of collector type on the recovery and concentrate grade in the copper flotation process. Various collectors and combinations of them were used in the rough flotation tests of copper ore. The copper recovery was in the range from 79.43% (test no. 4) to 84.96% (test no. 7). The best flotation results were obtained with mixture collectors of sodium isopropyl xanthate (Z11), dialkyl dithiophosphinates (Aerophine 3404) and SKIK BZ 2000. The collector’s dosages of 20 g/t Z11, 8 g/t AP3404 and 8 g/t SKIK BZ 2000 produced the copper recovery (84.96 %) with copper concentrate grade of 1.52%","PeriodicalId":55719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section A Mining","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78456235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study reports the recovery of bitumen concentrate from Ondo tar sand by alkaline leaching stripping of the associated sand. Bitumen was extracted from the tar sand as received in un-stirred and stirred state in the oven and on the magnetic stirrer hotplate, respectively, at varying 32 factorial design combinations of temperature and sodium hydroxide molar concentrations at 40 g/dm3 pulp density. The tar sand was further subjected to bitumen dissolution test and recovery of bitumen at varying pulp density. The results obtained showed that bitumen was optimally stripped from the tar sand with initial bitumen content of about 34% in the stirred condition to produce a concentrate with grade and recovery percents of 98.82 and 99.41% of bitumen, respectively. The optimal leaching stripping was obtained at 2 M sodium hydroxide concentration, at 90 °C temperature and 25 minutes contact time. The ultra-clean bitumen obtained can serve as raw material input for petroleum products recovery and as a coking additive in blend formulation of coals for metallurgical coke making.
{"title":"Alkaline stripping for ultra clean bitumen from tar sand","authors":"R. Akande, A. Adeleke, P. Atanda","doi":"10.5937/jmma1901017a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/jmma1901017a","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports the recovery of bitumen concentrate from Ondo tar sand by alkaline leaching stripping of the associated sand. Bitumen was extracted from the tar sand as received in un-stirred and stirred state in the oven and on the magnetic stirrer hotplate, respectively, at varying 32 factorial design combinations of temperature and sodium hydroxide molar concentrations at 40 g/dm3 pulp density. The tar sand was further subjected to bitumen dissolution test and recovery of bitumen at varying pulp density. The results obtained showed that bitumen was optimally stripped from the tar sand with initial bitumen content of about 34% in the stirred condition to produce a concentrate with grade and recovery percents of 98.82 and 99.41% of bitumen, respectively. The optimal leaching stripping was obtained at 2 M sodium hydroxide concentration, at 90 °C temperature and 25 minutes contact time. The ultra-clean bitumen obtained can serve as raw material input for petroleum products recovery and as a coking additive in blend formulation of coals for metallurgical coke making.","PeriodicalId":55719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section A Mining","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77855758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Das, M. Beulah, N. Hossiney, U. M. Dunna, S. Kavitha
In geopolymer reactions, with lime rich compound addition, the strength parameter is dependent on the molar ratios of (Si/Al) and (Ca/Si), such that (Si/Al) ratio contributes to short period and (Ca/Si) ratio contributes to long period strength development. In the present study a mathematical model has been proposed to identify the role of each on compressive strength development through exponential mathematical relationship, such that, N1 is an exponent of (Si/Al) ratio and N2 is an exponent of (Ca/Si) ratio indicating short period and long period strength development parameter respectively, while C is the compressive strength developed on keeping the samples for different extended time periods. The values of N1 and N2 can be found out by solving linear equations relating (Si/Al) ratio, (Ca/Si) ratio, and compressive strength values of different experimental batch compositions. Calculated and selected additions of sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide, lime and GGBS in iron ore mine tailing samples indicated that the values of N1 and N2 merged with each other after 7 days reaction period, but after 28 days reaction line due to N1 is found above that of N2. It is concluded that for long period strength development (Si/Al) ratio is more important in comparison to (Ca/Si) ratio.
{"title":"A probable mathematical relationship between (Si/Al) ratio and (Ca/Si) ratio on the compressive strength of an iron ore tailings sample arising out of geopolymeric reactions","authors":"P. Das, M. Beulah, N. Hossiney, U. M. Dunna, S. Kavitha","doi":"10.5937/jmma1901027d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/jmma1901027d","url":null,"abstract":"In geopolymer reactions, with lime rich compound addition, the strength parameter is dependent on the molar ratios of (Si/Al) and (Ca/Si), such that (Si/Al) ratio contributes to short period and (Ca/Si) ratio contributes to long period strength development. In the present study a mathematical model has been proposed to identify the role of each on compressive strength development through exponential mathematical relationship, such that, N1 is an exponent of (Si/Al) ratio and N2 is an exponent of (Ca/Si) ratio indicating short period and long period strength development parameter respectively, while C is the compressive strength developed on keeping the samples for different extended time periods. The values of N1 and N2 can be found out by solving linear equations relating (Si/Al) ratio, (Ca/Si) ratio, and compressive strength values of different experimental batch compositions. Calculated and selected additions of sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide, lime and GGBS in iron ore mine tailing samples indicated that the values of N1 and N2 merged with each other after 7 days reaction period, but after 28 days reaction line due to N1 is found above that of N2. It is concluded that for long period strength development (Si/Al) ratio is more important in comparison to (Ca/Si) ratio.","PeriodicalId":55719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section A Mining","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83894829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reza Yarahmadi, R. Bagherpour, A. Khademian, H. Mirzaie, R. Kakaie
Various geological processes such as tectonic activities develop fractures and discontinuities in the rock mass body; these, in turn, form blocks with different shapes and sizes in the rock mass body. Accurate understanding of these blocks' geometry is essential in different domains of rock and mine engineering such as determination of yield in quarries, optimization of fragmentation energy, the design of blasting pattern, block stability in slopes and underground spaces and the prediction of dilution potential in caving methods exploitation. Because of costly operation and uncertainties in the measurement of fractures and discontinuities properties in 3D, 2D simple models are recommended. So far, all investigations have been focused on the problem of finding primary blocks analytically and mathematically, but these problem applications have been neglected slightly. This paper introduces a MATLAB code for geometry determination of rock mass blocks in two dimensional spaces and investigates the applications of it.
{"title":"Developing a MatLab code for determine geometry of rock mass blocks and its applications in mining and rock mechanic engineering","authors":"Reza Yarahmadi, R. Bagherpour, A. Khademian, H. Mirzaie, R. Kakaie","doi":"10.5937/JMMA1501041Y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/JMMA1501041Y","url":null,"abstract":"Various geological processes such as tectonic activities develop fractures and discontinuities in the rock mass body; these, in turn, form blocks with different shapes and sizes in the rock mass body. Accurate understanding of these blocks' geometry is essential in different domains of rock and mine engineering such as determination of yield in quarries, optimization of fragmentation energy, the design of blasting pattern, block stability in slopes and underground spaces and the prediction of dilution potential in caving methods exploitation. Because of costly operation and uncertainties in the measurement of fractures and discontinuities properties in 3D, 2D simple models are recommended. So far, all investigations have been focused on the problem of finding primary blocks analytically and mathematically, but these problem applications have been neglected slightly. This paper introduces a MATLAB code for geometry determination of rock mass blocks in two dimensional spaces and investigates the applications of it.","PeriodicalId":55719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section A Mining","volume":"51 1","pages":"41-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71236924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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