Abstract. Using the right growing media is pivotal for cultivating high-quality seedlings. While topsoil remains a prevalent choice in nurseries, there is a growing need to explore its effectiveness in cashew seedling production and find potential alternatives that might reduce our dependence on it. A three-month experiment was undertaken at the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria’s nursery. The setup followed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) incorporating ten treatment variations, each replicated thrice. These treatments involved two cashew nut types, Jumbo and Medium, and five distinct growing media: 100% Topsoil, 100% Sawdust, 75% Topsoil + 25% Sawdust, 50% Topsoil + 50% Sawdust, and 25% Topsoil + 75% Sawdust. For the procedure, each of these media was filled into perforated polythene bags measuring 30cm x 15cm, with one seed planted per bag. Data collected were on % emergence, morphological, shoot and root data. Data were subjected to ANOVA using SAS (version 2010) statistical package and means were separated using DMRT at (P≤0.05). Findings revealed no notable variance in percentage mean emergence at four weeks post-planting or in leaf count at the twelve-week mark. Control treatments (100% topsoil) for jumbo and medium had the shortest plant height, lowest number of leaves, seedling vigour, fresh root weight and taproot length. 100% topsoil as a growing medium for raising cashew seedlings should be discouraged as the experimented growing media offered statistically the same or improved emergence, morphology, and root growth development.
摘要选用合适的培养基是培育优质幼苗的关键。虽然表土仍然是苗圃的普遍选择，但越来越需要探索其在腰果幼苗生产中的有效性，并找到可能减少我们对它的依赖的潜在替代品。在尼日利亚可可研究所的苗圃进行了为期三个月的实验。试验采用完全随机设计(CRD)，包括10种不同的治疗方案，每种方案重复3次。这些处理涉及两种腰果类型，巨型和中号，以及五种不同的生长介质:100%表土，100%锯末，75%表土+ 25%锯末，50%表土+ 50%锯末，25%表土+ 75%锯末。在这个过程中，每种培养基都被填充到30cm x 15cm的穿孔聚乙烯袋中，每个袋种植一颗种子。收集的数据包括出苗率、形态、茎部和根系数据。数据采用SAS (version 2010)统计软件包进行方差分析，均数采用DMRT分离，差异有统计学意义(P≤0.05)。结果显示，种植后四周的平均出苗率和12周时的叶片数无显著差异。大型和中型对照处理(100%表土)株高最短，叶片数、幼苗活力、鲜根重和主根长最低。100%表土作为培养腰果幼苗的生长介质不应该被鼓励，因为实验培养基在统计上提供相同或改善的出苗率、形态和根系生长发育。
{"title":"Suitability of some growing media for cashew seedling growth and development in the nursery","authors":"Aremu-Dele Olufemi, Nduka Beatrice Abanum, Sobowale Ibrahim Olalekan, Adesanya Kehinde Ademola, Olorundare Bunmi Olaoluwa","doi":"10.15547/ast.2023.03.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2023.03.024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Using the right growing media is pivotal for cultivating high-quality seedlings. While topsoil remains a prevalent choice in nurseries, there is a growing need to explore its effectiveness in cashew seedling production and find potential alternatives that might reduce our dependence on it. A three-month experiment was undertaken at the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria’s nursery. The setup followed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) incorporating ten treatment variations, each replicated thrice. These treatments involved two cashew nut types, Jumbo and Medium, and five distinct growing media: 100% Topsoil, 100% Sawdust, 75% Topsoil + 25% Sawdust, 50% Topsoil + 50% Sawdust, and 25% Topsoil + 75% Sawdust. For the procedure, each of these media was filled into perforated polythene bags measuring 30cm x 15cm, with one seed planted per bag. Data collected were on % emergence, morphological, shoot and root data. Data were subjected to ANOVA using SAS (version 2010) statistical package and means were separated using DMRT at (P≤0.05). Findings revealed no notable variance in percentage mean emergence at four weeks post-planting or in leaf count at the twelve-week mark. Control treatments (100% topsoil) for jumbo and medium had the shortest plant height, lowest number of leaves, seedling vigour, fresh root weight and taproot length. 100% topsoil as a growing medium for raising cashew seedlings should be discouraged as the experimented growing media offered statistically the same or improved emergence, morphology, and root growth development.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2023.03.029
F. Emurlova, A. Ivanov
Abstract. A study was conducted to investigate the effect of bunch normalization and defoliation on winter eye fertility, quantity and yield quality in Cabernet Franc. It was found that the application of green pruning resulted in an increase in mass per bunch and per 100 grains, but a decrease in yield per vine. The sugar content increased slightly in the green pruned variants. In the two-year period of the study, high temperatures and low rainfall during the growing season reduced the effect of bunch rationing and defoliation on grape yield and quality. There was no significant difference in grape quality between the treatments under high temperatures. After the hot and dry year of 2021, lower values of the actual fertility indicators - percentage of fruiting shoots and fertility coefficient - were observed in 2022.
{"title":"Effect of green pruning on the fruitfulness of winter buds, quantity and quality of yield in Cabernet Franc cultivar","authors":"F. Emurlova, A. Ivanov","doi":"10.15547/ast.2023.03.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2023.03.029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A study was conducted to investigate the effect of bunch normalization and defoliation on winter eye fertility, quantity and yield quality in Cabernet Franc. It was found that the application of green pruning resulted in an increase in mass per bunch and per 100 grains, but a decrease in yield per vine. The sugar content increased slightly in the green pruned variants. In the two-year period of the study, high temperatures and low rainfall during the growing season reduced the effect of bunch rationing and defoliation on grape yield and quality. There was no significant difference in grape quality between the treatments under high temperatures. After the hot and dry year of 2021, lower values of the actual fertility indicators - percentage of fruiting shoots and fertility coefficient - were observed in 2022.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2023.03.022
Ndifon E. Mjaika
Abstract. Mushroom biodiversity covers some indispensable non-timber forest products that are wide-spread in Africa, although these resources are currently underutilized, underdeveloped, and left to face the vagaries of climate change and human activities unmanaged. The mushrooms of Eastern Africa have barely been identified or examined for their potential to better the livelihood of the inhabitants. This review of published-online-only literature was carried out to systematically document this biodiversity and its potentials. There were 135 edible mushrooms, 9 edible+medicine mushrooms, and 59 species with no ascribed uses out of 205 species altogether in Eastern Africa. Two mushrooms were identified as poisonous. There were 32 key edible mushrooms in Eastern Africa based on their usage. A tally of mushrooms species (based on country where they were sighted) showed that Ethiopia accounted for 96 species, Tanzania (75), Burundi (37), Rwanda (24), Kenya (18), and Uganda (6) while no information was available from the rest of the countries in the region. The most common genera of mushrooms included Termitomyces, Russula, Pleurotus, Marasmius, Lactarius, Coprinus, Cantharellus, Armillaria, Amanita, and Agaricus. While the most popular species (based on consumption by more locations/tribes) were Amanita zambiana, Hypholoma fasciculare (could be poisonous), Pleurotus cystidiosus, Polyporus tenuiculus, Termitomyces letestui, and Termitomyces striatus. However, it was observed that these tribes or locations were often only within a few countries. Therefore, truly regional mushrooms included Schizophyllum commune (could be poisonous), Suillus luteus, Termitomyces clypeatus, Termitomyces striatus, and Termitomyces microcarpus based on their being found in at least three or more countries. Fungi biodiversity conservation is inadequate in the region.
{"title":"Systematic review of macrofungi biodiversity in Eastern Africa countryside: uses, distribution, and conservation checklists","authors":"Ndifon E. Mjaika","doi":"10.15547/ast.2023.03.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2023.03.022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Mushroom biodiversity covers some indispensable non-timber forest products that are wide-spread in Africa, although these resources are currently underutilized, underdeveloped, and left to face the vagaries of climate change and human activities unmanaged. The mushrooms of Eastern Africa have barely been identified or examined for their potential to better the livelihood of the inhabitants. This review of published-online-only literature was carried out to systematically document this biodiversity and its potentials. There were 135 edible mushrooms, 9 edible+medicine mushrooms, and 59 species with no ascribed uses out of 205 species altogether in Eastern Africa. Two mushrooms were identified as poisonous. There were 32 key edible mushrooms in Eastern Africa based on their usage. A tally of mushrooms species (based on country where they were sighted) showed that Ethiopia accounted for 96 species, Tanzania (75), Burundi (37), Rwanda (24), Kenya (18), and Uganda (6) while no information was available from the rest of the countries in the region. The most common genera of mushrooms included Termitomyces, Russula, Pleurotus, Marasmius, Lactarius, Coprinus, Cantharellus, Armillaria, Amanita, and Agaricus. While the most popular species (based on consumption by more locations/tribes) were Amanita zambiana, Hypholoma fasciculare (could be poisonous), Pleurotus cystidiosus, Polyporus tenuiculus, Termitomyces letestui, and Termitomyces striatus. However, it was observed that these tribes or locations were often only within a few countries. Therefore, truly regional mushrooms included Schizophyllum commune (could be poisonous), Suillus luteus, Termitomyces clypeatus, Termitomyces striatus, and Termitomyces microcarpus based on their being found in at least three or more countries. Fungi biodiversity conservation is inadequate in the region.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2023.03.031
G. Aleksiev, D. Doncheva
Abstract. Grain production is one of the traditional agricultural sub-sectors in Bulgaria, which has been identified for its comparative advantages. The significant levels of social support provided for these businesses after the accession of Bulgaria to the EU and under the influence of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) have incited considerable investments in their innovative technological development. Given the significant economic role of this sector in the sectoral development determines the need for studying their competitiveness and analysis of the factors that determine it. The present study investigated the level of competitiveness of Bulgarian grain production during the period 2014-2020 and its determining factors by using the Relative Trade Advantage index in order to identify opportunities for digital optimization. The results showed that Bulgarian grain production is a competitive sector but at the end of the studied period the competitiveness of barley and maize is increasing while the wheat competitiveness is decreasing. Finally, some digital possibilities for increasing the technical efficiency of Bulgarian grain production were revealed.
{"title":"Factors determining the competitiveness of grain production and opportunities for their digital optimization","authors":"G. Aleksiev, D. Doncheva","doi":"10.15547/ast.2023.03.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2023.03.031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Grain production is one of the traditional agricultural sub-sectors in Bulgaria, which has been identified for its comparative advantages. The significant levels of social support provided for these businesses after the accession of Bulgaria to the EU and under the influence of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) have incited considerable investments in their innovative technological development. Given the significant economic role of this sector in the sectoral development determines the need for studying their competitiveness and analysis of the factors that determine it. The present study investigated the level of competitiveness of Bulgarian grain production during the period 2014-2020 and its determining factors by using the Relative Trade Advantage index in order to identify opportunities for digital optimization. The results showed that Bulgarian grain production is a competitive sector but at the end of the studied period the competitiveness of barley and maize is increasing while the wheat competitiveness is decreasing. Finally, some digital possibilities for increasing the technical efficiency of Bulgarian grain production were revealed.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2023.03.026
G. Popov, K. Klimentov, B. Kostov, I. Ivanov
Abstract. The operating modes of pump units play a crucial role in determining the energy consumption of irrigation systems. Thus, the necessity of performing qualitative and quantitative assessments of the energy efficiency of such systems is of significant importance. This paper proposes a method, newly established by authors, for accomplishing such an assessment. Using dimensionless criteria from Dimensional Analysis (as outlined in earlier publications), we propose a method to determine the specific energy consumption (ev) for a given flow rate, regulated by either VFD or throttle flow control, which are commonly used in practice. The specific relative energy consumption is depicted as an exponential relationship with four other criteria, each expressed relatively. The exponents are determined depending on the type of pump system flow rate control method applied. This energy exponent is also expressed in the dimensionless form obtained depending on the main parameters of the pump and pipe system. In this regard, two energy efficiency coefficients are introduced – of the pump and pipe system . Results obtained after performing numerical studies of a pump system, consisting of Bulgarian double-suction pumps, are presented.
{"title":"Assessing the energy efficiency of irrigation pump systems","authors":"G. Popov, K. Klimentov, B. Kostov, I. Ivanov","doi":"10.15547/ast.2023.03.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2023.03.026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The operating modes of pump units play a crucial role in determining the energy consumption of irrigation systems. Thus, the necessity of performing qualitative and quantitative assessments of the energy efficiency of such systems is of significant importance. This paper proposes a method, newly established by authors, for accomplishing such an assessment. Using dimensionless criteria from Dimensional Analysis (as outlined in earlier publications), we propose a method to determine the specific energy consumption (ev) for a given flow rate, regulated by either VFD or throttle flow control, which are commonly used in practice. The specific relative energy consumption is depicted as an exponential relationship with four other criteria, each expressed relatively. The exponents are determined depending on the type of pump system flow rate control method applied. This energy exponent is also expressed in the dimensionless form obtained depending on the main parameters of the pump and pipe system. In this regard, two energy efficiency coefficients are introduced – of the pump and pipe system . Results obtained after performing numerical studies of a pump system, consisting of Bulgarian double-suction pumps, are presented.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2023.03.025
I. Lazova-Borisova, N. Markov
Abstract. The purpose of the study is to select suitable flour according to its mineral composition to obtain gluten-free high protein animal feed. The research found that whole grain rice flour, millet, chickpea, corn, chalk and primex additive are suitable for gluten-free feed and have good technological parameters. The animal feed is with high protein and fats. They are with low carbohydrates composition and used for dogs and birds. The new products are without GMO, artificial colors and flavors. They are with Fe, Zn, Ca.
{"title":"Method for obtaining gluten-free high protein animal feeds","authors":"I. Lazova-Borisova, N. Markov","doi":"10.15547/ast.2023.03.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2023.03.025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The purpose of the study is to select suitable flour according to its mineral composition to obtain gluten-free high protein animal feed. The research found that whole grain rice flour, millet, chickpea, corn, chalk and primex additive are suitable for gluten-free feed and have good technological parameters. The animal feed is with high protein and fats. They are with low carbohydrates composition and used for dogs and birds. The new products are without GMO, artificial colors and flavors. They are with Fe, Zn, Ca.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2023.03.030
A. Dobreva, M. Todorova
Abstract. Bulgaria is known for its essential oils and medicinal plants, which occupy increasing parts in the agricultural areas. In recent years, the boom in lavender production has made our country the largest producer of lavender oil in the world. This intensified the scientific work with it and led to the creation of new lavender varieties and lines that are used in production. All research and tests on an industrial scale go through the laboratory distillation of small amounts of plant material to determine the quantity and quality of essential oil. In laboratory practice, micro-apparatus for water distillation is widely used, which does not reflect the real results for the yield and quality of the product. This necessitated the creation of a new laboratory device for determining the content of essential oil in raw materials with labile (rich in esters) oil by the application of steam distillation. The design of this apparatus mirrors industrial installations, thus the results it produces accurately simulate those of industrial production. Tests with herbal raw materials, like Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Salva sclarea L. and Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don showed that the model is effective and applicable. The oils obtained by the new apparatus retained an ester content of 40.2%, 75.0% and 4.8%, respectively; these figures represent a significant improvement over previous methods.
{"title":"A new type of laboratory microdevice for distillation of lavender and herb raw materials","authors":"A. Dobreva, M. Todorova","doi":"10.15547/ast.2023.03.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2023.03.030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Bulgaria is known for its essential oils and medicinal plants, which occupy increasing parts in the agricultural areas. In recent years, the boom in lavender production has made our country the largest producer of lavender oil in the world. This intensified the scientific work with it and led to the creation of new lavender varieties and lines that are used in production. All research and tests on an industrial scale go through the laboratory distillation of small amounts of plant material to determine the quantity and quality of essential oil. In laboratory practice, micro-apparatus for water distillation is widely used, which does not reflect the real results for the yield and quality of the product. This necessitated the creation of a new laboratory device for determining the content of essential oil in raw materials with labile (rich in esters) oil by the application of steam distillation. The design of this apparatus mirrors industrial installations, thus the results it produces accurately simulate those of industrial production. Tests with herbal raw materials, like Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Salva sclarea L. and Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don showed that the model is effective and applicable. The oils obtained by the new apparatus retained an ester content of 40.2%, 75.0% and 4.8%, respectively; these figures represent a significant improvement over previous methods.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Bio-inorganic chemistry is found as an endearing aspect to research in today’s epoch. It deals with chemical reactions between the metals with natural resources, such as air, soil, water and byproducts (foods). To assess the decline in the quality of southern pink shrimps and water quality on samples from the Lagos lagoon, the morphometric assessment of the crustacean (Farfantepenaeus notialis – F. notialis), physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, salinity, conductivity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, sulphates, nitrate and phosphate) and levels of six (6) trace metals (Cadmium, Chromium, Zinc, Iron, Manganese and Copper) were collected from three sampling points with renowned anthropogenic activities along the stretch of the Lagos Lagoon using standard analytical procedures and the results were compared with standard acceptable limits. The crustaceans used had total length (4.0 – 14.4 cm), carapace length (1.6 – 6.4 cm), total weight (1.1 – 20.8 g) and carapace weight (0.9 – 11.5 g). The results obtained in the physicochemical analysis revealed that a few parameters such as biochemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids were beyond acceptable limits, while the trace metals were present in the samples at different levels but still within the maximum residual levels in the edible tissues of the pink shrimps. The obtained results showed that the crustacean and water from the lagoon contained metals but did not exceed both local and international standards of limit and thus, they are still safe for consumption and domestic uses.
{"title":"Determination of physicochemical parameters and assessment of trace metals bioaccumulation in the Lagos lagoon and edible tissues of the southern pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus notialis - Pérez-Farfante, 1967)","authors":"V.F. Akinjogunla, C.E. Ejikeme, E.P. Udoinyang, A.A. Mustapha","doi":"10.15547/ast.2023.03.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2023.03.027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Bio-inorganic chemistry is found as an endearing aspect to research in today’s epoch. It deals with chemical reactions between the metals with natural resources, such as air, soil, water and byproducts (foods). To assess the decline in the quality of southern pink shrimps and water quality on samples from the Lagos lagoon, the morphometric assessment of the crustacean (Farfantepenaeus notialis – F. notialis), physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, salinity, conductivity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, sulphates, nitrate and phosphate) and levels of six (6) trace metals (Cadmium, Chromium, Zinc, Iron, Manganese and Copper) were collected from three sampling points with renowned anthropogenic activities along the stretch of the Lagos Lagoon using standard analytical procedures and the results were compared with standard acceptable limits. The crustaceans used had total length (4.0 – 14.4 cm), carapace length (1.6 – 6.4 cm), total weight (1.1 – 20.8 g) and carapace weight (0.9 – 11.5 g). The results obtained in the physicochemical analysis revealed that a few parameters such as biochemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids were beyond acceptable limits, while the trace metals were present in the samples at different levels but still within the maximum residual levels in the edible tissues of the pink shrimps. The obtained results showed that the crustacean and water from the lagoon contained metals but did not exceed both local and international standards of limit and thus, they are still safe for consumption and domestic uses.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2023.03.028
V. Petrova
Abstract. The investigation was conducted in the experimental plum orchard with cultivar 'Stanley' (European Plum) during the period 2019–2021 at the Institute of Agriculture - Kyustendil, Bulgaria. The aim of the study was to establish suitable bioinsecticides to control the economically important pest of the plum Cydia funebrana. Plant protection products Madex Twin and Naturalis were used to control the plum fruit moth in organic plum production. Madex Twin is a biological insecticide, based on the Cydia pomonella granulovirus virus and Naturalis is a bioinsecticide based on the living conidiospores of Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040. During the study period, both bioinsecticides yielded satisfactory results. The damages were in the range of 1.67% to 6.0% for Madex Twin, 1.78% to 5.0% for Naturalis, and 3.0% to 10.0% for untreated control.
{"title":"Control of plum fruit moth Cydia (Grapholita) funebrana in organic plum production","authors":"V. Petrova","doi":"10.15547/ast.2023.03.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2023.03.028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The investigation was conducted in the experimental plum orchard with cultivar 'Stanley' (European Plum) during the period 2019–2021 at the Institute of Agriculture - Kyustendil, Bulgaria. The aim of the study was to establish suitable bioinsecticides to control the economically important pest of the plum Cydia funebrana. Plant protection products Madex Twin and Naturalis were used to control the plum fruit moth in organic plum production. Madex Twin is a biological insecticide, based on the Cydia pomonella granulovirus virus and Naturalis is a bioinsecticide based on the living conidiospores of Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040. During the study period, both bioinsecticides yielded satisfactory results. The damages were in the range of 1.67% to 6.0% for Madex Twin, 1.78% to 5.0% for Naturalis, and 3.0% to 10.0% for untreated control.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2023.03.023
N. Prodanova-Marinova, Y. Belberova, F. Emurlova
Abstract. The study was carried out in the period 2019-2021 in the vine nursery of the Institute of Viticulture and Enology, Pleven (43.42°N 24.62°E and 140 m altitude) with Muscat Plevenski and Bolgar varieties, grafted to Berlandieri x Riparia SO4 rootstock. The cuttings were rooted in two-row beds without mulching with polyethylene foil. The planting depth was 0.15 m, at 0.07-0.08 m intra-row distance and 0.5 m between the rows in the bed. The distance between the beds was 2 m. The experiment was conducted in four replicates The buds from the first to the fifth eye were examined twice – in the second half of October (15-20 October) and after the removal of the vines from the nursery (01-08 November). The proportion of necrotic buds was determined from samples of 10 shoots per replicate. The manifestations of primary bud necrosis in Muscat Plevenski and Bolgar were observed without exception during the three years of the experiment. Damage was found, regardless of the bud’s location along the examined length of the shoot, with no specific trend of a particular node being affected.
{"title":"Primary bud necrosis in vine propagation material","authors":"N. Prodanova-Marinova, Y. Belberova, F. Emurlova","doi":"10.15547/ast.2023.03.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2023.03.023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The study was carried out in the period 2019-2021 in the vine nursery of the Institute of Viticulture and Enology, Pleven (43.42°N 24.62°E and 140 m altitude) with Muscat Plevenski and Bolgar varieties, grafted to Berlandieri x Riparia SO4 rootstock. The cuttings were rooted in two-row beds without mulching with polyethylene foil. The planting depth was 0.15 m, at 0.07-0.08 m intra-row distance and 0.5 m between the rows in the bed. The distance between the beds was 2 m. The experiment was conducted in four replicates The buds from the first to the fifth eye were examined twice – in the second half of October (15-20 October) and after the removal of the vines from the nursery (01-08 November). The proportion of necrotic buds was determined from samples of 10 shoots per replicate. The manifestations of primary bud necrosis in Muscat Plevenski and Bolgar were observed without exception during the three years of the experiment. Damage was found, regardless of the bud’s location along the examined length of the shoot, with no specific trend of a particular node being affected.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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