Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2022.02.023
V. Dimova
Abstract. A total of 20 popular technical and technological schemes of semi-open four-row buildings for dairy cows with widths in the range 20.60-31.00 m have been analyzed. The options have been grouped according to the internal distribution of the buildings. Their technological flexibility has been determined and a preferred range of widths with a maximum has been outlined. For the individual studied options the costs for the technological profile of the floor (including the stationary equipment) have been calculated, as well as costs for the construction of the zero cycle, the bearing and enclosing constructions of the building have been excluded. For each preferred width, the material consumption of the floor profile has been assessed according to the construction indicators: consumption of concrete and steel (reinforcement - for reinforced concrete pavement and profile - for technological equipment), related to 1 m2 of built-up area and one slaughterhouse. A methodology for qualitative assessment of technological flexibility has been developed taking into account the impact of these costs. It has been established that the buildings with widths in the range of 25.20-25.40 m have the greatest technological flexibility. Buildings with widths in the ranges of 23.20-25.20 m and 25.80-28.00 m with equal flexibility also have very good indicators. According to the developed methodology, the widths with the same technological flexibility differ in the assessment of the impact of the costs for the floor profile - to greater extent for larger width ranges. The buildings with widths of 25.20 m and 25.40 m with maximum technological flexibility are practically equivalent, and the differences in estimates taking into account the impact of total costs of concrete and steel per 1 m2 built-up area of the floor at widths 23.20 m, 25.80 m and 28.00 m are 2.1-4.0%. For the same widths, the estimates, taking into account the impact of the total cost of concrete and steel for one cattle ranch, are from 6.5 to 15.9%. The developed methodology is recommended for the practice for assessing the impact of the costs of the floor profile on the technological flexibility of buildings with a large capacity for free-box breeding of cows. Of the four-row buildings, those with widths in the range of 25.20-25.40 m and width 23.20 m are recommended.
{"title":"Assessment of the impact of the costs of building the floor profile on the technological\u0000flexibility of four-row buildings for free-box breeding of cows","authors":"V. Dimova","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.02.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.02.023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A total of 20 popular technical and technological schemes of semi-open four-row buildings for dairy cows with widths in the range 20.60-31.00 m have been analyzed. The options have been grouped according to the internal distribution of the buildings. Their technological flexibility has been determined and a preferred range of widths with a maximum has been outlined. For the individual studied options the costs for the technological profile of the floor (including the stationary equipment) have been calculated, as well as costs for the construction of the zero cycle, the bearing and enclosing constructions of the building have been excluded. For each preferred width, the material consumption of the floor profile has been assessed according to the construction indicators: consumption of concrete and steel (reinforcement - for reinforced concrete pavement and profile - for technological equipment), related to 1 m2 of built-up area and one slaughterhouse. A methodology for qualitative assessment of technological flexibility has been developed taking into account the impact of these costs. It has been established that the buildings with widths in the range of 25.20-25.40 m have the greatest technological flexibility. Buildings with widths in the ranges of 23.20-25.20 m and 25.80-28.00 m with equal flexibility also have very good indicators. According to the developed methodology, the widths with the same technological flexibility differ in the assessment of the impact of the costs for the floor profile - to greater extent for larger width ranges. The buildings with widths of 25.20 m and 25.40 m with maximum technological flexibility are practically equivalent, and the differences in estimates taking into account the impact of total costs of concrete and steel per 1 m2 built-up area of the floor at widths 23.20 m, 25.80 m and 28.00 m are 2.1-4.0%. For the same widths, the estimates, taking into account the impact of the total cost of concrete and steel for one cattle ranch, are from 6.5 to 15.9%. The developed methodology is recommended for the practice for assessing the impact of the costs of the floor profile on the technological flexibility of buildings with a large capacity for free-box breeding of cows. Of the four-row buildings, those with widths in the range of 25.20-25.40 m and width 23.20 m are recommended.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44154360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2022.02.015
N. Tsenov, T. Gubatov, I. Yanchev
Abstract. Growing conditions play a significant role in the yield and grain quality of winter wheat. Global climate changes and in particular in the meteorological situation in the regions typical for the crop presuppose conducting research on the newly created breeding materials for grain quality. The aim of the study is to determine the nature and magnitude of the change in important parameters of grain quality, under the influence of typical environmental conditions for growing common wheat. The working hypothesis suggests that most of the parameters have a good genetic basis that would allow the selection to lead to their increase. In a multi environmental field experiment involving five test locations over three consecutive years, changes in eight grain quality parameters were investigated reflecting different aspects of the end-use quality. The study involved 40 samples of wheat developed by the breeding company "Agronom" in the last 20 years. With the help of modern methods for statistical analysis, the effect of the main breeding factors "location", "year" and "genotype", the limits of variation and the correlations between them have been established. The real possibilities for selection and breeding of each parameter have been analyzed, against the background of the rest of the group. Quality parameters change significantly from the three factors studied. The interaction "genotype x year" has the strongest influence on each of them. The "location x genotype" interaction is not a factor that affects the parameters. Only Deformation energy shows a significant share of the genotype, while the other two factors have a negligible influence on it. Each of the studied parameters, without exception, changes both adequately (linearly, IPC1) and inadequately (nonlinearly, IPC2) when the conditions change during the studied seasons. This nature of change is the reason for the relatively weak positive correlations between the parameters, as well as for their low heritability coefficients in a broad sense. Against the background of the data, the values of Genetic advance are indicated, with which each of them can be increased by selection. There are both positive and negative correlations between the parameters, the direction and value of which must be taken into account in the attempt to change them. An effective selection can be made on the parameters Extensibility index, Deformation energy and P/L ratio which have the strongest genetic control (H2> 0.60), which against the background of the strong influence of the environment ("location", "year", "location x year”) can lead to genetic advantage with 12% (Extensibility index), 17% (Deformation energy), 51% (P/L) of their present value. A selection based on PC or Wet gluten content parameters that have a direct effect on overall quality can also be effective (H2 =0.58-0.63). Instead, it would be more prudent to monitor, not so much their quantitative, but their qualitative composition, the accumulat
{"title":"Evaluation of heritability and genetic advance of some quality parameters in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under genotype by environmental interaction","authors":"N. Tsenov, T. Gubatov, I. Yanchev","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.02.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Growing conditions play a significant role in the yield and grain quality of winter wheat. Global climate changes and in particular in the meteorological situation in the regions typical for the crop presuppose conducting research on the newly created breeding materials for grain quality. The aim of the study is to determine the nature and magnitude of the change in important parameters of grain quality, under the influence of typical environmental conditions for growing common wheat. The working hypothesis suggests that most of the parameters have a good genetic basis that would allow the selection to lead to their increase. In a multi environmental field experiment involving five test locations over three consecutive years, changes in eight grain quality parameters were investigated reflecting different aspects of the end-use quality. The study involved 40 samples of wheat developed by the breeding company \"Agronom\" in the last 20 years. With the help of modern methods for statistical analysis, the effect of the main breeding factors \"location\", \"year\" and \"genotype\", the limits of variation and the correlations between them have been established. The real possibilities for selection and breeding of each parameter have been analyzed, against the background of the rest of the group. Quality parameters change significantly from the three factors studied. The interaction \"genotype x year\" has the strongest influence on each of them. The \"location x genotype\" interaction is not a factor that affects the parameters. Only Deformation energy shows a significant share of the genotype, while the other two factors have a negligible influence on it. Each of the studied parameters, without exception, changes both adequately (linearly, IPC1) and inadequately (nonlinearly, IPC2) when the conditions change during the studied seasons. This nature of change is the reason for the relatively weak positive correlations between the parameters, as well as for their low heritability coefficients in a broad sense. Against the background of the data, the values of Genetic advance are indicated, with which each of them can be increased by selection. There are both positive and negative correlations between the parameters, the direction and value of which must be taken into account in the attempt to change them. An effective selection can be made on the parameters Extensibility index, Deformation energy and P/L ratio which have the strongest genetic control (H2> 0.60), which against the background of the strong influence of the environment (\"location\", \"year\", \"location x year”) can lead to genetic advantage with 12% (Extensibility index), 17% (Deformation energy), 51% (P/L) of their present value. A selection based on PC or Wet gluten content parameters that have a direct effect on overall quality can also be effective (H2 =0.58-0.63). Instead, it would be more prudent to monitor, not so much their quantitative, but their qualitative composition, the accumulat","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44251927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.15547//ast.2022.02.016
B. Dyulgerova, N. Dyulgerov
Abstract. The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of the chemical mutagen sodium azide on winter barley cultivars Monika and Imeon for its efficient utilization in a mutation breeding program of winter barley. A preliminary study of the effect of concentrations of 1 mM, 2 mM, 3 mM, and 4 mM sodium azide on laboratory germination and shoot and root length was conducted. A significant decrease in laboratory germination, shoot, and root length was found in all applied mutagen concentrations. Based on the mean reduction in shoots and roots length 1 mM sodium azide was selected for induction of mutant populations. Analysis of variance showed that mutagenic treatment significantly affected all studied traits except the number of spikes per plant in the M1 generation. Genotype-treatment interaction had a significant influence on plant height, spike length, number of spikelets and grains per spike, grain weight per spike and per plant, and 1000-grain weight indicated that there was a genotype-specific response to the applied mutagen. Cultivar Imeon reacted with a higher reduction of yield-related traits compared to cultivar Monika in the M1 generation. The more sensitive to SA cultivar Imeon gave a higher frequency of chlorophyll mutations in M2 generation.
{"title":"Mutagenic effect of sodium azide on winter barley cultivars","authors":"B. Dyulgerova, N. Dyulgerov","doi":"10.15547//ast.2022.02.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547//ast.2022.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of the chemical mutagen sodium azide on winter barley cultivars Monika and Imeon for its efficient utilization in a mutation breeding program of winter barley. A preliminary study of the effect of concentrations of 1 mM, 2 mM, 3 mM, and 4 mM sodium azide on laboratory germination and shoot and root length was conducted. A significant decrease in laboratory germination, shoot, and root length was found in all applied mutagen concentrations. Based on the mean reduction in shoots and roots length 1 mM sodium azide was selected for induction of mutant populations. Analysis of variance showed that mutagenic treatment significantly affected all studied traits except the number of spikes per plant in the M1 generation. Genotype-treatment interaction had a significant influence on plant height, spike length, number of spikelets and grains per spike, grain weight per spike and per plant, and 1000-grain weight indicated that there was a genotype-specific response to the applied mutagen. Cultivar Imeon reacted with a higher reduction of yield-related traits compared to cultivar Monika in the M1 generation. The more sensitive to SA cultivar Imeon gave a higher frequency of chlorophyll mutations in M2 generation.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42110560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2022.02.026
A. O. Kayode, A. O. Awoyemi, O. Alabi
Abstract. Climate change has resulted in challenging environmental issues, which have become a major global concern. Farmers therefore employ several methods which are adaptable to environmental hazards. The study assessed preferences of rice farmers’ coping strategies to environmental hazards in Kwara state, Nigeria. Specifically, the study, assessed frequency of occurrence of the environmental hazards faced by the rice farmers, identified the preferred coping strategies used by rice farmers and determined the effects of environmental hazards on rice production. A two-stage random sampling technique was used to select 151 rice farmers on whom an interview schedule was administered. Descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation were used to analyzed the data. Results showed that 94.0% of the respondents were males 45.7 mean years old, 6.6 hectares of farm size and an average of 18.7 years of farming experience, flooding, erosion and wind storm having the highest occurrence frequency in rice production. Planting of improved varieties, early planting, avoiding to plant along river borders were the most preferred coping strategies used by rice farmers. Reduction in farm output, reduction in values of farm produce, decrease of farmers’ income was identified as major effects of environmental hazards on rice production. There was also a significant relationship between age (r=0.3551), household size (r=0.215), farming experience (r=0.262) and the use of preferred coping strategies. The study concluded by identifying preferred coping strategies to environmental hazard in the study area and recommends that to reduce its effect on rice production, improved rice varieties should be made available at affordable and subsidized rate by the government and relevant bodies, timely and appropriate information on weather monitoring should be available to the rice farmers through reliable and appropriate channels.
{"title":"Preference of rice farmers’ coping strategies to environmental hazards in Kwara State,\u0000Nigeria","authors":"A. O. Kayode, A. O. Awoyemi, O. Alabi","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.02.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.02.026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Climate change has resulted in challenging environmental issues, which have become a major global concern.\u0000Farmers therefore employ several methods which are adaptable to environmental hazards. The study assessed\u0000preferences of rice farmers’ coping strategies to environmental hazards in Kwara state, Nigeria. Specifically, the study,\u0000assessed frequency of occurrence of the environmental hazards faced by the rice farmers, identified the preferred\u0000coping strategies used by rice farmers and determined the effects of environmental hazards on rice production. A\u0000two-stage random sampling technique was used to select 151 rice farmers on whom an interview schedule was\u0000administered. Descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation were used to analyzed the data. Results\u0000showed that 94.0% of the respondents were males 45.7 mean years old, 6.6 hectares of farm size and an average of\u000018.7 years of farming experience, flooding, erosion and wind storm having the highest occurrence frequency in rice\u0000production. Planting of improved varieties, early planting, avoiding to plant along river borders were the most preferred\u0000coping strategies used by rice farmers. Reduction in farm output, reduction in values of farm produce, decrease\u0000of farmers’ income was identified as major effects of environmental hazards on rice production. There was also a\u0000significant relationship between age (r=0.3551), household size (r=0.215), farming experience (r=0.262) and the use\u0000of preferred coping strategies. The study concluded by identifying preferred coping strategies to environmental hazard\u0000in the study area and recommends that to reduce its effect on rice production, improved rice varieties should be made\u0000available at affordable and subsidized rate by the government and relevant bodies, timely and appropriate information\u0000on weather monitoring should be available to the rice farmers through reliable and appropriate channels.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41508512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2022.02.024
S. Lazarov
Abstract. In the conducted study the level of manifestation of hygienic behavior of 25 bee colonies was tested from the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) in Bulgaria. During the testing the method used for killing the brood was with an entomological pin. Based on the results two types of colonies were determined – hygienic (where 48 h after killing the brood the percentage of cleaned cells with dead brood was over 95%) and non-hygienic (where 48 h after killing the brood the percentage of cleaned cells with dead brood was lower than 95%). From each bee colony young non-flying worker bees were taken and the morphometric measurements of their chitin body parts were made. In the study 18 morphological traits were tested and 2 indexes were calculated. High degree of reliability (p≤0.001) between hygienic and non-hygienic bee colonies was determined for 2 morphological traits - Total length of fore wing and Length of proboscis. For the traits Length of tibia and Width of Іst tarsus of fore leg and Width and Surface of the left wax mirror of IIIrd sternit medium degree of reliability (p≤0.01) was determined. In 3 other traits - Length of femur of fore leg, Length of IIIrd sternit and Length of IInd part of the cubital cell of the fore wing low reliability (p≤0.05) was established. The results obtained from the present study indicate the existence of statistically significant differences between the morphometric characteristics of worker bees from hygienic and non-hygienic bee colonies. These traits are related to the productivity of worker bees.
{"title":"Characteristics of some chitin body parts in worker bees (Apis mellifera L.) from hygienic and non-hygienic bee colonies","authors":"S. Lazarov","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.02.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.02.024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In the conducted study the level of manifestation of hygienic behavior of 25 bee colonies was tested from\u0000the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) in Bulgaria. During the testing the method used for killing the brood was with an\u0000entomological pin. Based on the results two types of colonies were determined – hygienic (where 48 h after killing the\u0000brood the percentage of cleaned cells with dead brood was over 95%) and non-hygienic (where 48 h after killing the brood\u0000the percentage of cleaned cells with dead brood was lower than 95%). From each bee colony young non-flying worker\u0000bees were taken and the morphometric measurements of their chitin body parts were made. In the study 18 morphological\u0000traits were tested and 2 indexes were calculated. High degree of reliability (p≤0.001) between hygienic and non-hygienic\u0000bee colonies was determined for 2 morphological traits - Total length of fore wing and Length of proboscis. For the traits\u0000Length of tibia and Width of Іst tarsus of fore leg and Width and Surface of the left wax mirror of IIIrd sternit medium degree\u0000of reliability (p≤0.01) was determined. In 3 other traits - Length of femur of fore leg, Length of IIIrd sternit and Length of IInd\u0000part of the cubital cell of the fore wing low reliability (p≤0.05) was established. The results obtained from the present study\u0000indicate the existence of statistically significant differences between the morphometric characteristics of worker bees from\u0000hygienic and non-hygienic bee colonies. These traits are related to the productivity of worker bees.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43409017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2022.02.019
L. Abdellaoui, N. A. Khelifi-Touhami, F. Mebkhout, D. Tarzaali, W. Yahiaoui, T. Hamdi, N. Ouchene
Abstract. Feed is considered the most important factor affecting the composition of cow's milk of which the quality can be evaluated, essentially, through two parameters, the fat and protein content, because of their industrial interest. This study aims to evaluate the impact of seven different rations (R1-R7) on the protein and fat content of Prim’holstein cow milk in a cattle farm in Algiers. The results showed that the dry matter (DM) content of forages and concentrate was 72.74% (62.94% - 81.49%) and 27.25% (18.51% - 37.06%), respectively. The forage unit milk (FUM) and the digestible nitrogen matter (DNM) contents of forage were 60.50% (51.37% - 72.08%) and 61.15% (46.73% - 74.63%), respectively. In concentrate, the FUM and DNM contents were 39.50% (24.85 - 51.5%) and 38.85% (25.37 - 52.39%), respectively (Table 3). The forages showed significantly higher DM, FUM and DNM contents than the concentrate (p<0.0001). The type of ration showed a highly significant effect on the quantity of milk produced per day, protein content and defatted dry matter. However, no significant influence was observed for the fat content. The highest milk production (ranging from 17.31 to 19.64 liters/day) and the highest defatted dry matter (87.03 and 87.92 g/l) were recorded in cows which received rations R2, R3, R4 and R5 (p<0.0001). The highest protein content values (32.87 and 33.20 g/l) were observed in the milk of cows that were fed with rations R2, R3 and R4. The lowest levels were observed for rations R6 (31.80 g/l) and R7 (31.22 g/l) (p<0.0001). Protein to fat content ratio ranged from 0.79 to 0.84 and fat to protein content ratio ranged from 1.19 to 1.27. Good management of the diet and feeding practices of the dairy cows allow having an adequate protein and fat content in the milk. A diet composed of forages with an adequate supplementation in concentrate leads to the optimal results. Further studies are important to evaluate the effect of the physical form of the diet on the physicochemical quality of the milk.
{"title":"Effect of feed on the milk protein and fat composition","authors":"L. Abdellaoui, N. A. Khelifi-Touhami, F. Mebkhout, D. Tarzaali, W. Yahiaoui, T. Hamdi, N. Ouchene","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.02.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.02.019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Feed is considered the most important factor affecting the composition of cow's milk of which the quality can be evaluated, essentially, through two parameters, the fat and protein content, because of their industrial interest. This study aims to evaluate the impact of seven different rations (R1-R7) on the protein and fat content of Prim’holstein cow milk in a cattle farm in Algiers. The results showed that the dry matter (DM) content of forages and concentrate was 72.74% (62.94% - 81.49%) and 27.25% (18.51% - 37.06%), respectively. The forage unit milk (FUM) and the digestible nitrogen matter (DNM) contents of forage were 60.50% (51.37% - 72.08%) and 61.15% (46.73% - 74.63%), respectively. In concentrate, the FUM and DNM contents were 39.50% (24.85 - 51.5%) and 38.85% (25.37 - 52.39%), respectively (Table 3). The forages showed significantly higher DM, FUM and DNM contents than the concentrate (p<0.0001). The type of ration showed a highly significant effect on the quantity of milk produced per day, protein content and defatted dry matter. However, no significant influence was observed for the fat content. The highest milk production (ranging from 17.31 to 19.64 liters/day) and the highest defatted dry matter (87.03 and 87.92 g/l) were recorded in cows which received rations R2, R3, R4 and R5 (p<0.0001). The highest protein content values (32.87 and 33.20 g/l) were observed in the milk of cows that were fed with rations R2, R3 and R4. The lowest levels were observed for rations R6 (31.80 g/l) and R7 (31.22 g/l) (p<0.0001). Protein to fat content ratio ranged from 0.79 to 0.84 and fat to protein content ratio ranged from 1.19 to 1.27. Good management of the diet and feeding practices of the dairy cows allow having an adequate protein and fat content in the milk. A diet composed of forages with an adequate supplementation in concentrate leads to the optimal results. Further studies are important to evaluate the effect of the physical form of the diet on the physicochemical quality of the milk.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43872182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2022.02.021
Galya Hristova, P. Veleva
Abstract. The present research was conducted to investigate the influence of annual precipitation on the depth of soil tillage with a disc harrow and to monitor their effect on the productivity of wheat grown by conventional technology. The study is based on a perennial field experiment on chernozem soils in the land of the Chirpan region located in central Bulgaria. Annual precipitation data were taken from the local GeoScan Meteo station. Data on the depth of disking, applied twice or three times during the monitored years according to climatic conditions, were measured with a linear meter. A moderate correlation (r = 0.568; 0.356; 0.383) between the annual precipitation and the depth of disking during the three agricultural years was found. Four regression models (Linear, Inverse, Quadratic, and Compound) describing the relation between them have been developed. From the obtained models‘ coefficients of determination (R2 ) for the three examined years the Quadratic model best expresses the relation between the investigated parameters (R2 = 0.172; 0.216 и 0.186). Statistically significant differences between the average wheat yield in the first and third agricultural year, as well as between the second and third agricultural year were obtained. It was found (R2 = 0.362) that the depth of disking affects the productivity of wheat grown by conventional technology about 36.2%.
{"title":"Effect of the depth of pre-sowing tillage on the yield of wheat grown by conventional technology","authors":"Galya Hristova, P. Veleva","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.02.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.02.021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The present research was conducted to investigate the influence of annual precipitation on the depth of soil\u0000tillage with a disc harrow and to monitor their effect on the productivity of wheat grown by conventional technology. The\u0000study is based on a perennial field experiment on chernozem soils in the land of the Chirpan region located in central\u0000Bulgaria. Annual precipitation data were taken from the local GeoScan Meteo station. Data on the depth of disking,\u0000applied twice or three times during the monitored years according to climatic conditions, were measured with a linear\u0000meter. A moderate correlation (r = 0.568; 0.356; 0.383) between the annual precipitation and the depth of disking during\u0000the three agricultural years was found. Four regression models (Linear, Inverse, Quadratic, and Compound) describing\u0000the relation between them have been developed. From the obtained models‘ coefficients of determination (R2\u0000) for\u0000the three examined years the Quadratic model best expresses the relation between the investigated parameters (R2\u0000= 0.172; 0.216 и 0.186). Statistically significant differences between the average wheat yield in the first and third\u0000agricultural year, as well as between the second and third agricultural year were obtained. It was found (R2\u0000 = 0.362)\u0000that the depth of disking affects the productivity of wheat grown by conventional technology about 36.2%.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43350526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2022.01.006
T. F. Oluboba, A. Lawal-Are
Abstract. The common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis is one of the economically important species in the Class Cephalopoda. The study aimed to determine the natural diet of S. officinalis collected off Lagos coast, Nigeria. A total of 1082 samples were caught with the use of bottom trawl nets between 1000 and 1200 hrs over a period of eighteen months (August 2018 to January 2020) from eight stations off Lagos coast. Although the proportion of empty stomach was higher in wet season, the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Frequency of occurrence, numerical and fullness methods were used for analysing the food items. Of the 1,082 specimens examined, 90 (8.32%) were empty stomachs and 992 (91.68%) were found with food. Diet items sighted were grouped into eight major categories; these were fish parts (bones, eyes and scales), crustaceans (amphipods, shrimps and portunid crabs), annelids, filamentous algae, diatoms, sand grains, plant materials and unidentified masses. Crustaceans were the most abundant in large and medium size cuttlefish, while in the small size; fishes were dominant in their stomach contents. Cuttlefish can be regarded as euryphagous; feeding on wide range of organisms. Thus, there is dynamism in the feeding habit from carnivores to omnivorous.
{"title":"Natural Diet of the Common Cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) off Lagos Coast, Nigeria","authors":"T. F. Oluboba, A. Lawal-Are","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis is one of the economically important species in the Class Cephalopoda. The study aimed to determine the natural diet of S. officinalis collected off Lagos coast, Nigeria. A total of 1082 samples were caught with the use of bottom trawl nets between 1000 and 1200 hrs over a period of eighteen months (August 2018 to January 2020) from eight stations off Lagos coast. Although the proportion of empty stomach was higher in wet season, the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Frequency of occurrence, numerical and fullness methods were used for analysing the food items. Of the 1,082 specimens examined, 90 (8.32%) were empty stomachs and 992 (91.68%) were found with food. Diet items sighted were grouped into eight major categories; these were fish parts (bones, eyes and scales), crustaceans (amphipods, shrimps and portunid crabs), annelids, filamentous algae, diatoms, sand grains, plant materials and unidentified masses. Crustaceans were the most abundant in large and medium size cuttlefish, while in the small size; fishes were dominant in their stomach contents. Cuttlefish can be regarded as euryphagous; feeding on wide range of organisms. Thus, there is dynamism in the feeding habit from carnivores to omnivorous.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47211917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2022.01.002
P. Zhelyazkova, D. Dimov
Abstract. The aim of this study was to estimate environmental effects on test day milk yield (TDMY) in Patch-faced Maritza sheep breed. Database includes 12 955 milk yield records in the test day. Milk yield recordings were made in 18 flocks and test day milk yields were obtained from 1992 to 2015 (24 years). In the structuring of the database, the following environmental effects were differentiated: animal; flock; year-season of lambing effect (YS); parity effect (Par); litter size at birth (LS); age of ewe at lambing (AgeL); age of ewe at test day (AgeTD); suckling period (Suck); ewe test day (ETD); flock test day (FTD); flock-year-test day (FYTD); stage of lactation period (DIM); stage of lactation period defined at 3-day intervals (DIM3). Average TDMY was 748.59±416.22 mL. The highest test day milk yield was in the first test day of ewes (1015.80±457.67 mL) and gradually decreased to seventh test day (267.50±120.05 mL). All mentioned environmental effects have influence on TDMY and have significant effect (p <0.001). The FYTD had the largest proportion (41.57%) on the total phenotypic variation. A large part of the total phenotypic variation had the following effects: Animal (31.11%), AgeTD (30.95%), DIM (27.85%), DIM3 (27.14%) and ETD (21.92%). Considering the significant influence of the described environmental effects on the TDMY in the population of Patch-faced Maritza sheep breed, they should be taken into account when estimating the genetic parameters.
{"title":"Estimation of environmental effects on test day milk yield in Patch-faced Maritza sheep","authors":"P. Zhelyazkova, D. Dimov","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The aim of this study was to estimate environmental effects on test day milk yield (TDMY) in Patch-faced Maritza sheep breed. Database includes 12 955 milk yield records in the test day. Milk yield recordings were made in 18 flocks and test day milk yields were obtained from 1992 to 2015 (24 years). In the structuring of the database, the following environmental effects were differentiated: animal; flock; year-season of lambing effect (YS); parity effect (Par); litter size at birth (LS); age of ewe at lambing (AgeL); age of ewe at test day (AgeTD); suckling period (Suck); ewe test day (ETD); flock test day (FTD); flock-year-test day (FYTD); stage of lactation period (DIM); stage of lactation period defined at 3-day intervals (DIM3). Average TDMY was 748.59±416.22 mL. The highest test day milk yield was in the first test day of ewes (1015.80±457.67 mL) and gradually decreased to seventh test day (267.50±120.05 mL). All mentioned environmental effects have influence on TDMY and have significant effect (p <0.001). The FYTD had the largest proportion (41.57%) on the total phenotypic variation. A large part of the total phenotypic variation had the following effects: Animal (31.11%), AgeTD (30.95%), DIM (27.85%), DIM3 (27.14%) and ETD (21.92%). Considering the significant influence of the described environmental effects on the TDMY in the population of Patch-faced Maritza sheep breed, they should be taken into account when estimating the genetic parameters.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46011199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2022.01.004
G. Mahata, S. Sardar
Abstract. To manage red rot disease in sugarcane, several methods like use of bio-control agents, hot water and hot air treatment of setts, chemical fungicides, various cultural practices like use of disease free setts, rouging, crop rotation, irrigation management, avoiding rationing, etc. are practised. But none of the practices are able to control the disease. The most viable strategy is to manage through host plant resistance. Thus, a field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years during 2019 and 2020 at the Research Farm of Sugarcane Research Station, Bethuadahari (West Bengal), India to evaluate some elite sugarcane clones/varieties against red rot disease. The elite clones/varieties were laid out in Completely Randomized Block Design with a plot size of 2R x 6m x 0.90m with 2 replications and two red rot pathotypes Cf 07 and Cf 08 were used for artificial inoculation in plug and nodal method. The experiment revealed that the sugarcane clones CoP 16436, CoP 16437, CoP 16438, CoLk 16466, CoLk 16467, CoLk 16468, CoSe 16451, CoP 16439, CoP 16440, BO 156, CoLk 16469, CoLk 16470, CoLk 16471, CoSe 16452, CoSe 16453, CoSe 16454, CoP 17436, CoP 17437, CoP 17438, CoP 17440, CoP 17441, CoSe 17451, CoSe 16455, CoSe 16456, CoP 17444, CoP 17446 and CoSe 17452 were found as moderately resistant (MR) in plug method and resistant (R) in nodal method to both pathotypes and can be used for further evaluation in subsequent varietal developmental as well as breeding programme. The popular sugarcane varieties, namely CoLk 94184, CoSe 01421, BO 91, CoP 9301 and CoP 06436 were found as moderately resistant (MR) in plug method and resistant (R) in nodal method and can be continued for commercial cultivation as well as red rot breeding programme. As the existing popular variety CoSe 95422 was found moderately susceptible (MS) in plug method and susceptible (S) in nodal method to Cf 07 and Cf 08 red rot pathotypes, thus the variety must be discarded from commercial cultivation with immediate effect.
{"title":"Evaluation of elite sugarcane clones/varieties against red rot disease (Colletotrichum falcatum) and their suitability in crop improvement programme","authors":"G. Mahata, S. Sardar","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. To manage red rot disease in sugarcane, several methods like use of bio-control agents, hot water and hot air treatment of setts, chemical fungicides, various cultural practices like use of disease free setts, rouging, crop rotation, irrigation management, avoiding rationing, etc. are practised. But none of the practices are able to control the disease. The most viable strategy is to manage through host plant resistance. Thus, a field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years during 2019 and 2020 at the Research Farm of Sugarcane Research Station, Bethuadahari (West Bengal), India to evaluate some elite sugarcane clones/varieties against red rot disease. The elite clones/varieties were laid out in Completely Randomized Block Design with a plot size of 2R x 6m x 0.90m with 2 replications and two red rot pathotypes Cf 07 and Cf 08 were used for artificial inoculation in plug and nodal method. The experiment revealed that the sugarcane clones CoP 16436, CoP 16437, CoP 16438, CoLk 16466, CoLk 16467, CoLk 16468, CoSe 16451, CoP 16439, CoP 16440, BO 156, CoLk 16469, CoLk 16470, CoLk 16471, CoSe 16452, CoSe 16453, CoSe 16454, CoP 17436, CoP 17437, CoP 17438, CoP 17440, CoP 17441, CoSe 17451, CoSe 16455, CoSe 16456, CoP 17444, CoP 17446 and CoSe 17452 were found as moderately resistant (MR) in plug method and resistant (R) in nodal method to both pathotypes and can be used for further evaluation in subsequent varietal developmental as well as breeding programme. The popular sugarcane varieties, namely CoLk 94184, CoSe 01421, BO 91, CoP 9301 and CoP 06436 were found as moderately resistant (MR) in plug method and resistant (R) in nodal method and can be continued for commercial cultivation as well as red rot breeding programme. As the existing popular variety CoSe 95422 was found moderately susceptible (MS) in plug method and susceptible (S) in nodal method to Cf 07 and Cf 08 red rot pathotypes, thus the variety must be discarded from commercial cultivation with immediate effect.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46263286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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