Mental Health and Prevention最新文献

India accounts for nearly 18 % of the global population but approximately 28 % of global suicides. Similar to many countries around the world, suicide in India is known to result from a complex interplay of social, economic, and personal factors. To address this important issue, India released its first national suicide prevention strategy in 2022. The strategy follows the WHO-recommended model of a multisectoral approach to suicide prevention, incorporating a mix of primary prevention interventions (focusing on whole populations), secondary prevention interventions (targeting 'high-risk' individuals), and tertiary prevention interventions (aimed at individuals affected by suicide). This paper delves into the details of these primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention interventions and explores how they apply to the Indian context, while arguing for the need to prioritize primary prevention interventions, at least in the short term, to reduce suicides.

Suicide stigma among adolescents is a critical public health concern with far-reaching implications for mental well-being and suicide prevention efforts. This study examines the relationships between age, mental health stigma, traditional beliefs, and suicide stigma among middle school students in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. A sample of 742 students participated in the study, completing measures assessing mental health stigma, traditional beliefs, and suicide stigma. The results revealed significant positive correlations between suicide stigma and mental health stigma as well as suicide stigma and traditional beliefs. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was found between traditional beliefs and mental health stigma. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that age, sex, mental health stigma, and traditional beliefs were significantly associated with suicide stigma scores. Mental health stigma and traditional beliefs remained significantly associated with suicide stigma after controlling for other factors. These findings highlight the complex interplay between age, mental health stigma, traditional beliefs, and suicide stigma among Ghanaian adolescents. The implications of the study emphasize the importance of targeted interventions that address mental health stigma, challenge traditional beliefs, and promote supportive environments for adolescents.

Mental health promotion is an essential strategy for improving population mental health and wellbeing and preventing poor mental health. This paper outlines the case for governments to invest in promoting population mental health and wellbeing by adopting a mental health promotion approach.

Drawing on a synthesis of the international evidence, findings are presented on effective mental health promotion interventions that can be feasibly implemented across the life course in everyday settings and that have the potential to be scaled-up at a country level. Based on a review of 111 meta-analyses and 57 systematic reviews, both universal and targeted interventions are identified, that have been shown to enhance good mental health, reduce the risk of mental ill-health, and advance population health and wellbeing. The implications of the findings for policy and practice are outlined.

The policy structures and processes that are needed to support the delivery of evidence-based strategies at a population level are considered, including investing in the systems and capacity to ensure their sustained implementation. In particular, the need for policy models to support intersectoral action at a whole-of-government and whole-of-society level is outlined.

Mental disorders are prevalent and associated with a substantial burden of disease. Effective prevention at a population level is crucial in alleviating this burden. Here, we argue that without coordinated action on the social determinants of health, it is difficult to envisage meaningful progress on preventing mental disorders at a population level. We highlight the importance and opportunity of a developmental life course approach to the prevention of mental disorders. This approach recognises that upstream, distal factors that occur early in life act as fundamental causes of mental health, and that varying targets and interventions may be needed at different stages across the lifespan. We draw on a well-established framework for disease prevention – immunisation schedules – to embed action on social determinants of health into a national framework for the prevention of mental disorders. We call for a substantial shift to meaningful, multi-disciplinary co-production with policymakers across sectors, educators, researchers, clinicians, minorities, First Nations groups, people with lived experience and young people, to produce widespread, sustainable solutions to preventing mental disorders.

Background

Emotion regulation plays an important role in an individual's psychological and social functions. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale – Short Form (DERS-SF) has been chosen to investigate its psychometric properties.

Objective

To develop the Thai version of the scale and examine construct validity, internal consistency, concurrent validity, criterion-related validity, and floor and ceiling effects of the scale.

Design

A cross-sectional survey design

Participants

400 undergraduate students were recruited and completed a self-report online questionnaire including a demographic form, the Thai version of DERS-SF, and The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale.

Methods

The Thai version of DERS-SF was developed following the Beaton translation process. Confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlations, and T-test were used.

Results

The Thai version of the DERS-SF without Awareness provided a good fit with good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.88). The scale presented a moderate correlation with depression (r = 0.58), anxiety (r = 0.57), and stress (r = 0.67) (all p < 0.05). Students who reported higher scores on the scale tended to experience inadequate income (t-test = 2.82 p < 0.01), mental illness history (t-test = -2.73 p < 0.05), and stressful life-event in the past six months (t-test = -3.95 p < 0.001). Eight items of the scale presented the floor effect while one item had a ceiling effect.

Conclusion

The Thai version of the DERS-SF without Awareness exhibited good psychometric properties. The scale would be useful for future research and clinical work to assess emotion regulation among Thai university students.

Background

Indonesia's population have experienced social restriction and economic downturn during the COVID-19 pandemic which raised questions on how this predicament is associated with mental wellbeing.

Aims

To examine the association between social isolation and economic shock with an individual's mental health condition during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.

Methods

Phone survey was conducted with 1,082 respondents who were mobile phone users and within the age range of 15–65 years old in the country. The relation between isolation and economic downturn with perceived mental health indicators were analyzed by comparing the distribution of respondents’ response using Chi-squared test. In addition, a logistic regression was performed to analyse their association.

Results

While social isolation (decreased frequency of social gathering and increased spare time) during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with several indicators of negative mental health, social restrictions were solely related to work-related stress. Financial strain was linked to a decrease in perceived mental health (all indicators), but job loss was only correlated with helpless feelings, and lower job status was unrelated to perceived mental health indicators.

Conclusions

Significant portion of respondents reported deterioration in mental health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic, predicted partly by isolation and financial strain. This finding highlights the need for public health measures to address mental health crises during the pandemic, particularly to those affected by isolation and economic downturn.

Background

The long-standing Israeli–Palestinian conflict has escalated since the beginning of the 20th century, resulting in a humanitarian crisis in Palestine. It has caused significant psychological and social suffering, particularly children and young people.

Objectives

Firstly, to identify and synthesize the existing knowledge available in peer review articles about the consequences of war-related trauma reactions among young people, and secondly to investigate the mechanisms of resilience in the context of Gaza Strip.

Methods

The review follows Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework, including a systematic search of eight databases. Relevant studies were assessed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results

The identified studies used various measurement tools and instruments to assess mental health outcomes, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and resilience. War-related traumatic experiences were common among children. The determinants of traumatic stress that increased the of mental health problems were also identified, including exposure to violence and destruction, loss of family members and friends. Resilience and coping mechanisms have a crucial role in mitigating the negative impact of war-related trauma.

Conclusion

The mental health of children and young people in the Gaza Strip is a pressing public health concern, particularly PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Nonetheless, more qualitative research is required to address existing knowledge gaps and improve the available mental health service. This study could provide valuable insights for creating interventions and support services that are culturally tailored.

Objective

the current study explores the association between four types of chronic diseases and mental health issues in Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data collected in 2021

Methods

The study utilized data from the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The dataset was carefully selected, resulting in a sample size of 233,890 participants with 27 covariates. To assess the impact of chronic diseases on mental health, inverse propensity weights (IPW), which were generated based on the existence of the presence or absence of four specific chronic diseases (cholesterol disease, kidney disease, coronary heart disease, and asthma), were assigned to each participant. To check the balance of the selected baseline covariates, we compared the standardized mean difference (SMD) before and after applying the IPW. Linear regression models incorporating the inverse propensity weights were then utilized to examine the association between each of the four chronic diseases and the number of days participants experienced poor mental health within the last 30 days.

Results

All four chronic diseases (cholesterol disease, kidney disease, coronary heart disease (CHD), and asthma), were found to be significantly associated with mental health problems. After applying inverse propensity weighting (IPW) to the analysis, individuals diagnosed with cholesterol disease experienced an average of 0.5 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.63) longer days of poor mental health within the last 30 days. Similarly, those with kidney disease, CHD and asthma reported 1.64 (95% CI: 1.44, 1.84), 0.37 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.52) and 4.33 (95% CI: 4.21, 4.45) longer days of poor mental health. Participants with any type of the four chronic diseases experienced on an average of 0.65 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.72) longer days of poor mental health within the same time frame.

Conclusion

The four types of chronic diseases (cholesterol disease, kidney disease, CHD and asthma) are significantly associated with mental health concerns. Participants affected by any type of the four types of chronic diseases experienced an extended duration of poor mental health within the past 30 days.

Objective

Individuals experiencing suicidal ideation increasingly use social media to communicate with peers. The literature shows mixed results of its impact and lack of in-depth explorations of closed social media groups. Aim was to explore how members of a closed peer-to-peer social media group for individuals experiencing suicidal ideation communicate and perceive of their membership.

Method

Access to a closed Facebook group was obtained through administrators and members. Data consisted of descriptive statistics, written content (1 January–30 June 2020), and in-depth interviews with members (n = 5). Data were analyzed using thematic network analysis.

Results

A total of 445 posts and 2891 comments were analysed alongside five interviews. Four thematic areas emerged: (i) Members could share their thoughts with ‘similar others’ in the group; (ii) Many outpoured frustrations in a one-directional manner, while others searched for deep peer discussions; The group was used for (iii) sharing emotional peer-to-peer support; and (iv) practical advice to navigate the psychiatric and social systems.

Conclusion

Findings highlight the group as a safe space and perceived lack of support from the system. They can assist in better understanding the value and challenges of online peer-to-peer communities; advise on how to navigate them; and pinpoint to support needs of this community.