Mental Health and Prevention最新文献

Objective

The Reminiscing and Emotion Training (RET) intervention targets and improves maltreating mothers’ elaboration and sensitivity in reminiscing (conversations about past emotional events), as well as children's emotion knowledge. However, in previous studies of RET, improvements in mothers’ elaborative and sensitive reminiscing did not explain improvements in children's emotion knowledge. Thus, we evaluated whether RET is associated with improved maternal autonomy support during reminiscing and whether improved autonomy support is associated with enhanced child emotion knowledge after RET.

Methods

The sample included 248 mothers (165 maltreating and 83 non‐maltreating) and their 3- to 6-year-old children involved in a randomized controlled trial of RET. At baseline, we assessed maternal and child receptive language, dyadic reminiscing, and children's emotion knowledge. Then, maltreating mothers were randomized either to receive RET or participate in an active control condition including case management and written parenting materials. Non‐maltreating mothers did not receive intervention and participated as an additional control group. Families then completed an eight-week follow-up assessment.

Results

Maltreating mothers displayed significantly less baseline autonomy support during reminiscing than non‐maltreating mothers (partial eta squared = 0.028). Contrary to hypotheses, RET did not significantly improve autonomy support. However, baseline autonomy support was significantly and positively correlated with children's emotion knowledge at baseline (r = 0.20) and follow-up (r = 0.18).

Conclusion

Autonomy support during reminiscing may play a role in the development of emotion knowledge. Implications for developmental theory and clinical practice are discussed.

Tobacco and alcohol use are significant public health issues that have been linked to numerous negative mental health outcomes. Numerous studies have established the significant association between tobacco/alcohol usage and mental issues. Smoking tobacco has been linked to a higher risk of developing anxiety disorders and depression. Nicotine, the addictive substance in tobacco, can temporarily alleviate stress and anxiety, but its long-term use can lead to increased anxiety and depression symptoms. Alcohol consumption is also a known factor for both depression and anxiety disorders. Its abuse can disrupt the brain's chemistry, leading to mood swings, increased anxiety and depressive symptoms. However, there has been relatively less focus on understanding how disability status influence the association between tobacco/alcohol usage and mental health. For individuals with disabilities, these risks are often compounded by a range of factors, such as social isolation, poverty, and limited access to healthcare. In this paper, 27,170 participants with/without disability were used to examine the association between tobacco and alcohol usage and mental health outcomes.

Objective

This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the relationship between tobacco and alcohol use and mental health outcomes among individuals with and without disabilities, using data from the 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).

Methods

In this study, we conducted bivariate analysis to compare baseline covariates between respondents reporting serious mental issues and those not. To mitigate nonresponse bias, we applied multiple imputation by chained equations before modeling. Linear regression models were subsequently employed to explore the association between tobacco/alcohol usage and K6 scores, considering differences by disability status. The research design was cross-sectional, involving a substantial cohort of 27,170 participants.

Results

Our findings indicate that both tobacco and alcohol use, along with disability, are associated with higher K6 scores, indicative of poorer mental health. Specifically, the interaction between disability and tobacco usage contributes to additional points on the K6 score. However, when excluding tobacco consumption, the interaction term between alcohol use and disability status was not found to be statistically significant.

Conclusions

Based on nationally representative survey data, our study reveals that individuals using tobacco and alcohol are more likely to report symptoms of serious mental health issues compared to non-users. Furthermore, we highlight the interaction effect between disability and tobacco consumption, which amplifies the risk of poor mental health among this vulnerable population.

Parental divorce is a childhood stressor that affects approximately 1.1 million children in the U.S. annually. The children at greatest risk for deleterious mental health consequences are those exposed to high interparental conflict (IPC) following the separation/divorce. Research shows that children's emotional security and coping efficacy mediate the impact of IPC on their mental health. Interventions targeting their adaptive coping in response to IPC events may bolster their emotional security and coping efficacy. However, existing coping interventions have not been tested with children exposed to high post-separation/divorce IPC, nor has any study assessed the effects of individual intervention components on children's coping with IPC and their mental health. This intensive longitudinal intervention study examines the mechanisms through which coping intervention components impact children's responses to interactions in interparental relationships. A 2³ factorial experiment will assess whether, and to what extent, three candidate intervention components demonstrate main and interactive effects on children's coping and mental health. Children aged 9–12 (target N = 144) will be randomly assigned to one of eight combinations of three components with two levels each: (1) reappraisal (present vs. absent), (2) distraction (present vs. absent), (3) relaxation (present vs. absent). The primary outcomes are child-report emotional security and coping efficacy at one-month post-intervention. Secondary outcomes include internalizing and externalizing problems at the three-month follow-up. Based on data from this optimization phase RCT, intervention components will be selected to comprise a multi-component intervention and assessed for effectiveness in a subsequent evaluation phase RCT.

Being mentally healthy is associated with being more productive, creative, altruistic, and innovative, which are key values in Western society and highly relevant among hospital employees. However, studies investigating the promotion of mental health rather than the prevention of poor mental health and mental illnesses among hospital employees are limited. Thus, we examined the association between workplace social capital and mental health among hospital employees using electronic survey data collected from Danish hospital employees. The study sample consisted of 1452 employees, corresponding to 40% of the hospital staff. Mental health was assessed using the Mental Health Continuum Short Form, in which mental health is understood as a combination of emotional, psychological, and social well-being. Workplace social capital was assessed using Borg et al.’s (2014) Social Capital Questionnaire, which measures bonding, bridging, and linking social capital in relation to immediate management and the workplace as a whole in four separate subscales. Multiple imputations by chained equations were applied.

Multilevel linear regression analyzes showed a positive association among bonding, bridging, and linking social capital in relation to immediate management and mental health. First, our results highlight that hospital employees’ mental health is associated with social capital in the workplace. Second, the strongest association was found between bridging social capital in work teams and mental health. Third, mental health was significantly poorer among employees aged between 25 and 35 years than among employees aged between 46 and 55 years. However, unlike our theoretical expectation, linking social capital in relation to the workplace as a whole was not associated with mental health. In conclusion, our results provide an impetus for further research on health promotion and interventions in hospitals and in similar sectors.

Introduction

Peer responses to adolescents’ emotional expressions (PREE), are thought to influence the continued development of emotion regulation (ER). Unsupportive (e.g., dismissive) PREE, for example, are expected to be associated with greater maladaptive ER. Poor ER is known to place adolescents at risk of psychopathology. The aim of this systematic review was to collate and synthesize the emerging evidence exploring the role that peer emotion socialization, specifically PREE, plays in adolescent ER and identify future directions.

Methods

In adherence with PRISMA guidelines, PsychINFO, Medline Complete, CINAHL Complete, Scopus and Web of Science were searched on April 20th, 2021, May 28th, 2022, and April 12th, 2023 for English language reports published after 1998. To be included, studies needed to report on PREE and its relation to adolescent ER.

Results

A total of eight studies, one qualitative and seven quantitative, met inclusion criteria and had a combined N of 785 participants (aged 10–18 years). Studies were primarily undertaken in the US and mostly included males and females, with one study only including female participants.

Conclusions

Although only eight studies were identified, the review identified preliminary evidence for an association between PREE and ER in adolescents. This association appeared to vary depending on adolescent gender, age, the closeness of the friendship and the PREE. Several limitations were identified, and suggestions are made for future research in this emerging area.

Homicide and suicide rank first and third among the causes of death for Black males aged under 35 in the US. Black barbers trained in supporting the mental health of their customers are uniquely positioned to intervene in the deaths of young Black males due to their frequent and personal interactions. However, few studies have explored the impact that these targeted early interventions may have on supporting the mental health of young Black men. Thus, this article undertakes a qualitative interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) on the impact that early interventions from trained barbers may have on Black youth. Interviews with 32 barbers were carried out to engage with their life stories as community members, trained barbers, and personal experiences as mental health advocates including lessons learned from related training. Findings revealed that Black barbers: 1) act as a mental health lifeline for the community through their listening; 2) help break down stigmas around mental health; 3) are well positioned to intervene and prevent community and domestic violence; and 4) are also women and can be an inspiration to women in the local community. Overall, this study highlights the challenges and importance of supporting barbers of color communities through the US and the need for future studies on barbers both domestically and internationally.

Introduction

Web-based programs can be an important tool in psychological treatment of various disorders in children and adolescents. However, certain factors restrict application of these treatments, such as the fact they are scarce in the Spanish language and limited when focused on a population at psychosocial risk who, for various reasons, cannot attend regular treatment.

Aim

To develop and implement a program for the Improvement of Emotional Self-Regulation in Minors (MAM@) at psychosocial risk.

Methods

The size of the target population was n = 42 participants from three groups, one of children exposed to intimate partner violence, abused children in care, and a clinical population of hospital interconsultation. The study was an uncontrolled exploratory trial in which barriers to use, general assessment, usefulness, usability and perceived enjoyment were analysed for each intervention program module.

Results

The highest rated module in general terms was anger with the sadness module considered most useful and enjoyed. Several barriers to use were found in application of the program.

Discussion

Results provide important information on the effects of the application of the MAM@ program for children at psychosocial risk, and suggest that tasks should be implemented outside the intervention program for children to consolidate knowledge gained.

Trial registration

University of Murcia Ethic Committee (3663/2021); Research Ethics Committee (CEI) Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca 2022–10–1-HCUVA. October 6, 2022.

This mixed methods study sought to increase understanding of veterans’ experiences of suicidal ideation (SI) during the COVID-19 pandemic, including prevalence, correlates, and perceived impact. A national survey of veterans (n=567) was conducted from 12/2020 to 2/2021. Quantitative analyses (weighted to the veteran population) examined SI prevalence and correlates. Qualitative thematic analysis of veterans’ free text responses was used to examine veterans’ lived experiences regarding the perceived impact of the pandemic. Among veterans, 9.6% (95% CI: 6.8, 12.5) experienced past-year SI, and 5.0% (95% CI: 2.8, 7.3) experienced past-month SI, estimates of prevalence during the early phase of the pandemic. Additionally, 3.1% (95% CI: 1.4, 4.7) reported experiencing increased SI frequency, and 2.2% (95% CI: 0.7, 3.6) reported experiencing increased SI intensity, during the pandemic. SI (past-year, past-month, and increased frequency during the pandemic) was more prevalent among veterans who were younger, Black, had minor(s) at home, screened positive for posttraumatic stress disorder, screened positive for depression, obtained lifetime mental health treatment, and accessed past-year outpatient mental health care. In qualitative analyses, Veterans with increased SI frequency described multi-faceted negative impacts of the pandemic, including in regard to their mental health, employment, and family. Negative perceptions of the personal impact of the pandemic were strongly associated with SI (past-year, past-month, and increased frequency). Supporting veterans who have been negatively impacted by the pandemic, including with respect to mental health and family functioning, may be particularly important to addressing SI in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and for prevention in future pandemics.

Objective

Traditionally men have been reluctant to engage in counselling or psychotherapy at times of mental distress. Such reluctance may be partly explained through masculine socialisation and masculine hegemony theory. This scoping review aims to extract, review and summarize research recommendations to help researchers understand the main challenges preventing men when contemplating or seeking counselling or psychotherapy.

Methods

Six electronic databases (PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, CINAHL, MEDLINE, SocINDEX and Google Scholar) were searched for articles published between 2002 and 2021. Of the 2,306 articles identified, 45 met the inclusion criteria. Forty articles used a qualitative methodology, whilst five studies employed mixed methods methodology.

Results

Analysis revealed three interconnected themes which contribute towards reluctance to engage with mental health services (a) masculine identity; (b) male behavioural norms; (c) psychological services and therapists.

Conclusion

We would recommend hegemonic men re-establish their links to male centric communities in order to counteract some of the barriers preventing access to psychological services. We envisage the establishment of local community-based networks of men who can share their lived experience, develop a language of help seeking and find new ways to experience their masculinity.

Parent emotion socialization contributes to youth socioemotional adjustment and is an important consideration for prevention and intervention efforts. Extant research posits that parental emotion socialization influences youth mental health through child-level factors, such as how youth process and manage their emotions. Self-compassion is a protective factor for youth mental health, but the role of parents in youth self-compassion is unclear. Moreover, there is relatively limited research on maternal and paternal emotion socialization in adolescence. The present study examined associations of maternal and paternal emotion socialization with adolescent self-compassion. Adolescents (N = 165, 33% female, M = 14.56 years, SD = 1.34) and their parents completed questionnaires as part of an online survey. Parents’ validation and comfort responses to negative emotions were associated with higher adolescent self-compassion. Parents’ punishment and reciprocation of adolescents’ negative emotions were associated with lower adolescent self-compassion. Similar findings were present for mothers and fathers. Supporting parent-child communication about emotions may be relevant for youth exercising more self-compassion, providing important directions for prevention and intervention efforts.