Pub Date : 2011-07-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.04.007
Chao-lan Wang, D. Tang, Yong Yao, Xue-long Wang, Yean Wang
Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of the recombinant surface antigen 1 (rSAG1) in immunodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Methods Isopropyl β-D- 1 -thio-galaetopyranoside (IPTG) was used to induce the expression of recombinant plasmid pET28a-SAG1 of Escherich coli(pET28a-SAG1/BL21 ). The expression products (rSAG1) of pET28a-SAG1/BL21 were identified by Western blotting. The serum of mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, normal mouse serum and the serum from 10 toxoplasma gondii patients were used as primary anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies, and the rSAG1 gene products were identified by Western blotting, by which the diagnostic value of rSAG1 in Toxoplasmosis was compared. Results After induction and purification, rSAG1 protein was obtained and its relative molecular mass was 38.5 × 103. The fusion protein could be recognized by the serum of mouse infected with Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, rSAG1 of expression products of surface membrane antigen SAG1 gene from Toxoplasma Gondii could be detected in 4 cases from 10 patients by Westem blotting.Conclusion The rSAG1 has a potential value in the immunodiagnosis of Toxoplasmosis. Key words: Toxoplasma gondii; Surface antigen; Recombinant protein; Immunodiagnosis
{"title":"Prokaryotic expression of surface membrane antigen SAG1 gene from Toxoplasma Gondii and the diagnostic value of the recombinant protein","authors":"Chao-lan Wang, D. Tang, Yong Yao, Xue-long Wang, Yean Wang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of the recombinant surface antigen 1 (rSAG1) in immunodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Methods Isopropyl β-D- 1 -thio-galaetopyranoside (IPTG) was used to induce the expression of recombinant plasmid pET28a-SAG1 of Escherich coli(pET28a-SAG1/BL21 ). The expression products (rSAG1) of pET28a-SAG1/BL21 were identified by Western blotting. The serum of mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, normal mouse serum and the serum from 10 toxoplasma gondii patients were used as primary anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies, and the rSAG1 gene products were identified by Western blotting, by which the diagnostic value of rSAG1 in Toxoplasmosis was compared. Results After induction and purification, rSAG1 protein was obtained and its relative molecular mass was 38.5 × 103. The fusion protein could be recognized by the serum of mouse infected with Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, rSAG1 of expression products of surface membrane antigen SAG1 gene from Toxoplasma Gondii could be detected in 4 cases from 10 patients by Westem blotting.Conclusion The rSAG1 has a potential value in the immunodiagnosis of Toxoplasmosis. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Toxoplasma gondii; Surface antigen; Recombinant protein; Immunodiagnosis","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"48 1","pages":"376-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78252491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.04.003
Shi-fei Cai, Li Wengui, Min Wang
Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of coding gene of Sj26, Sj32 and Sj14-3-3 amplified by PCR for chronic Schistosomiasis japonica. Methods The DNA was extracted from sera of 40 patients with chronic Schistosomiasis japonica, the coding gene of Sj26, Sj32 and Sj14-3-3 was amplified by PCR and identified by 1.2% agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA from the sera of 21 patients with Clonorchiasis sinensis, 13 patients with Parogonimiasis westermani and 43 healthy donors was taken as control. Results A total of 399 bp coding gene of Sj14-3-3 was amplified successfully from sera of the patients with chronic Schistosomiasis japonica,but Sj26(676 bp) and Sj32( 1270 bp) coding gene were not obtained. Control groups were all negative. Conclusions Sj14-3-3 coding gene amplified by PCR can be used for genetic diagnosis of chronic schistosomiasis. Key words: Schistosomiasis japonica; Polymerase chain reaction; Gene therapy
{"title":"Diagnostic value of Sj26, Sj32 and Sj14-3-3 coding gene of Schistosoma japonicum amplified by PCR","authors":"Shi-fei Cai, Li Wengui, Min Wang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of coding gene of Sj26, Sj32 and Sj14-3-3 amplified by PCR for chronic Schistosomiasis japonica. Methods The DNA was extracted from sera of 40 patients with chronic Schistosomiasis japonica, the coding gene of Sj26, Sj32 and Sj14-3-3 was amplified by PCR and identified by 1.2% agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA from the sera of 21 patients with Clonorchiasis sinensis, 13 patients with Parogonimiasis westermani and 43 healthy donors was taken as control. Results A total of 399 bp coding gene of Sj14-3-3 was amplified successfully from sera of the patients with chronic Schistosomiasis japonica,but Sj26(676 bp) and Sj32( 1270 bp) coding gene were not obtained. Control groups were all negative. Conclusions Sj14-3-3 coding gene amplified by PCR can be used for genetic diagnosis of chronic schistosomiasis. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Schistosomiasis japonica; Polymerase chain reaction; Gene therapy","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"244 1","pages":"361-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76947917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.04.006
Xiao-jun Liu, Xiao-feng Guo, Sai-nan Zhang, Shi-juan Lu, H. Fang, Xu Bang-sheng, Z. Fang
Objective To construct the eukaryotic expression plasmid containing glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and cysteine protease inhibitor ( CPI ) gene from periodic Brugia malayi (Bm) and to lay foundation for studying multivalent vaccines. Methods Total RNA was extracted from periodic Bin. The BmGAPDH and BmCPI genes were amplified by RT-PCR. The PCR product was cloned and then subeloned into eukaryotic recombinant plasmid vector pcDNA3.1 (+). pcDNA3.1 (+)/BmGAPDH/BmCPI was constructed. The recombinant plasmids were screened and identified by digestion with restriction enzyme and PCR amplification, and were transformed into HeLa cell subsequently. The transient expression of BmGAPDH and BmCPI were examined by RT-PCR. The expressed protein was identified by sodium dodeeylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE). Results Two specific bands of around 877 bp of BmGAPDH and 621 bp of BmCPI were amplified, consistent with the expected value. The same bands were obtained by double restriction enzyme digestion of recombinant plasmids or PCR using recombinant plasmid as template. BmGAPDH and BmCPI mRNA were highly expressed in transfeeted HeLa cell. The relative molecular mass (Mr) of the recombinant protein was about 54 × 103. Conclusion The recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1 (+)/BmGAPDH/BmCPI has been constructed successfully and the protein is expressed correctly in mammalian cell. Key words: Brugia malayi; Glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenases; Cysteine proteinase inhibitors; Recombination, genetic; HeLa cells
{"title":"Construction of eukaryotic recombinant expression plasmids with glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and cysteine protease inhibitor gene of periodic Brugia malayi and its expression in HeLa cells","authors":"Xiao-jun Liu, Xiao-feng Guo, Sai-nan Zhang, Shi-juan Lu, H. Fang, Xu Bang-sheng, Z. Fang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To construct the eukaryotic expression plasmid containing glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and cysteine protease inhibitor ( CPI ) gene from periodic Brugia malayi (Bm) and to lay foundation for studying multivalent vaccines. Methods Total RNA was extracted from periodic Bin. The BmGAPDH and BmCPI genes were amplified by RT-PCR. The PCR product was cloned and then subeloned into eukaryotic recombinant plasmid vector pcDNA3.1 (+). pcDNA3.1 (+)/BmGAPDH/BmCPI was constructed. The recombinant plasmids were screened and identified by digestion with restriction enzyme and PCR amplification, and were transformed into HeLa cell subsequently. The transient expression of BmGAPDH and BmCPI were examined by RT-PCR. The expressed protein was identified by sodium dodeeylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE). Results Two specific bands of around 877 bp of BmGAPDH and 621 bp of BmCPI were amplified, consistent with the expected value. The same bands were obtained by double restriction enzyme digestion of recombinant plasmids or PCR using recombinant plasmid as template. BmGAPDH and BmCPI mRNA were highly expressed in transfeeted HeLa cell. The relative molecular mass (Mr) of the recombinant protein was about 54 × 103. Conclusion The recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1 (+)/BmGAPDH/BmCPI has been constructed successfully and the protein is expressed correctly in mammalian cell. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Brugia malayi; Glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenases; Cysteine proteinase inhibitors; Recombination, genetic; HeLa cells","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"85 1","pages":"371-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81450177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.04.004
Gong-si Fang, Yong Yao, Li-wen Wang, Xue-long Wang
：Objective Schistasomajaponicum(S.japonicum)lysophospholipase gene(Sjl539)from cDNA of S japonicum adult wormswas amplified and subcloned into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+)for expression ofrecombinant antigen and immunogenicity analysis.Methods Total RNA of S.japonicum wasextracted to generato cDNA by RT-PCR.The Sj1539 gent was amplified.The DNA fragment wassubcloned into eukaryofic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+)following insertion andamplification in pGEM-T.The recombinant plasmid was transfected into human cervicalcarcinoma cell strain(Hela cells)and expression products were identified by Westernblotting.Results The size of PCR product was approximately 684 bp.It was confirmed thatSj1539 gene had been inserted successfully by the recombinant plasmid digested with twoenzymes and PCR.It was verified that the expression product could react withS.japonicum-infected rabbit serum by Western blotting and the molecular weight wasapproximately 25×103.Conclusions The eukaryotie expression vector carrying Sj1539 genehas been established and the expression product has been obtained.
{"title":"Construction,expression and identification of eukaryotic expression vector carrying Schistosoma japonicum gene coding lysophospholipase","authors":"Gong-si Fang, Yong Yao, Li-wen Wang, Xue-long Wang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"：Objective Schistasomajaponicum(S.japonicum)lysophospholipase gene(Sjl539)from cDNA of S japonicum adult wormswas amplified and subcloned into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+)for expression ofrecombinant antigen and immunogenicity analysis.Methods Total RNA of S.japonicum wasextracted to generato cDNA by RT-PCR.The Sj1539 gent was amplified.The DNA fragment wassubcloned into eukaryofic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+)following insertion andamplification in pGEM-T.The recombinant plasmid was transfected into human cervicalcarcinoma cell strain(Hela cells)and expression products were identified by Westernblotting.Results The size of PCR product was approximately 684 bp.It was confirmed thatSj1539 gene had been inserted successfully by the recombinant plasmid digested with twoenzymes and PCR.It was verified that the expression product could react withS.japonicum-infected rabbit serum by Western blotting and the molecular weight wasapproximately 25×103.Conclusions The eukaryotie expression vector carrying Sj1539 genehas been established and the expression product has been obtained.","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"31 1","pages":"364-367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86743455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.04.013
Tingxin Wang, Ya-lou Zhang, Ji-Wen Liu, Shengling Wang
Objective To observe the lecithin's effect on membrane of African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) exposed to sodium arsenite(NaAsO2). Methods Vero cells cultured in vitro were divided into 4 groups:control group (saline), model group (2.20 mg/L NaAsO2), high eoncentration of lecithin and arsenic group (53.33mg/L lecithin + 2.20 mg/L NaAsO2), low eoncentration of lecithin and arsenic group( 13.32 mg/L lecithin + 2.20 mg/L NaAsO2), 6 bottles of cells in each group, medium was changed every 2 days, cultured for 120 h. Na+ ,K+-ATPase activities of membrane were measured by spectrophotometry, and membrane phospholipids composition including phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethano-lamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingmyelin (SM) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results The Na~, K+-ATPase activities of membrane of control group, model group, high concentration of lecithin and arsenic group, low concentration of lecithin and arsenic group were (0.962 ± 0.081) × 106, (0.544 ± 0.037) × 106, (0.647 ± 0.043) x 106, (0.550±Compared with control group, the Na+ ,K+-ATPase activities of other 3 groups were significantly reduced (all P 0.05). Compared with control group[(0.087 ± 0.003), (0.127 ± 0.053), (0.588 ± 0.105),(0.071 ± 0.029)g/L], PS, PE, PC, SM levels in model group[(0.051 ± 0.018), (0.073 + 0.030), (0.240 ±0.038), (0.047 ± 0.121 )g/L] were significantly lower(all P 0.05), but SM[(0.057 ± 0.004)g/L] significantly decreased(P 0.05]. Compared with model group,the levels of PS, PE, PC, SM in high concentration of lecithin and arsenic group were significantly higher(all P 0.05), and PC was significantly higher(P < 0.05). Conclusions High concentration lecithin has certain protective effect on Vero cell membrane exposured to sodium arsenite. Key words: Arsenites ; Phosphatidylcholines; Cell membrane; Na+-K+-exchanging ATPase
{"title":"Intervention effect of lecithin on cell membrane injury of African green monkey kidney exposed to sodium arsenite in vitro","authors":"Tingxin Wang, Ya-lou Zhang, Ji-Wen Liu, Shengling Wang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.04.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.04.013","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To observe the lecithin's effect on membrane of African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) exposed to sodium arsenite(NaAsO2). Methods Vero cells cultured in vitro were divided into 4 groups:control group (saline), model group (2.20 mg/L NaAsO2), high eoncentration of lecithin and arsenic group (53.33mg/L lecithin + 2.20 mg/L NaAsO2), low eoncentration of lecithin and arsenic group( 13.32 mg/L lecithin + 2.20 mg/L NaAsO2), 6 bottles of cells in each group, medium was changed every 2 days, cultured for 120 h. Na+ ,K+-ATPase activities of membrane were measured by spectrophotometry, and membrane phospholipids composition including phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethano-lamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingmyelin (SM) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results The Na~, K+-ATPase activities of membrane of control group, model group, high concentration of lecithin and arsenic group, low concentration of lecithin and arsenic group were (0.962 ± 0.081) × 106, (0.544 ± 0.037) × 106, (0.647 ± 0.043) x 106, (0.550±Compared with control group, the Na+ ,K+-ATPase activities of other 3 groups were significantly reduced (all P 0.05). Compared with control group[(0.087 ± 0.003), (0.127 ± 0.053), (0.588 ± 0.105),(0.071 ± 0.029)g/L], PS, PE, PC, SM levels in model group[(0.051 ± 0.018), (0.073 + 0.030), (0.240 ±0.038), (0.047 ± 0.121 )g/L] were significantly lower(all P 0.05), but SM[(0.057 ± 0.004)g/L] significantly decreased(P 0.05]. Compared with model group,the levels of PS, PE, PC, SM in high concentration of lecithin and arsenic group were significantly higher(all P 0.05), and PC was significantly higher(P < 0.05). Conclusions High concentration lecithin has certain protective effect on Vero cell membrane exposured to sodium arsenite. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Arsenites ; Phosphatidylcholines; Cell membrane; Na+-K+-exchanging ATPase","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"52 1","pages":"399-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87488332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective To master the status in control of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Gansu province and to provide the basis for development of control strategies. Methods One county which reached the national standardization of IDD elimination was selected randomly from each of 14 cities of Gansu province in 2009, then one town was selected respectively from five directions (east, south, west, north, and central) of the above selected counties. One village was chosen from every town which was selected for investigating household iodized salt and iodized salt sales network. At the same time the thyroid of children was examined, their urinary iodine (UI) was determined, the intelligence quotient(IQ) values of children were measured and health education was surveyed in one primary school which was chosen in each of the selected town. Results A total of 1420 edible salt samples were tested;the weighted iodized salt coverage rate and the weighted qualified iodized salt rate were 99.53% and 98.15 respectively. Urine samples were collected from 1761 children included in the study. The urinary iodine median was 225.87 μg/L. The urinary iodine medians were at optimal levels in five counties, over the optimal levels in seven counties and at excessive levels in two counties. A total of 3051 children aged 8 - 10 were randomly selected for thyroid examination. The weighted thyroid goiter rate(TGR) of children was 1.9%, and TGR was higher than 5% only in Hoaggu county. IQ of 2815 children was tested and the mean IQ was 105.3, except for the country of Zhuoni and Kangle, the mean IQ of other counties were over 100. The average score of health education was 3.2.Children of 57.08% (1229/2153) knew that iodine deficiency could lead to mental retardation, 71.76% (1544/2153) knew that iodine deficiency could cause thyroid goiter, 68.04%( 1465/2153 ) knew that eating iodized salt was the best method for IDD prevention and control and 61.82%(1331/2153) informed their families of the benefits of eating iodized salt. Each town had one agency selling iodized salt and each village had one more retail store with iodized salt, but 73.5%(75/102) of the stores without license for the sales. Conclusions Great progress has been made on the prevention and control of IDD in Gansu province. The qualified iodized salt consumption rate has reached the national standard for IDD elimination, TGR has decreased markedly, the urinary iodine levels in more counties are over the optimal levels and iodized salt distribution network is basically sound. But progress in health education is uneven. Key words: Iodine ; Deficiency disorders; Goiter, endemic ; Urine; Salts
{"title":"Analysis of an investigation results on iodine deficiency disorders in Gansu in 2009","authors":"Yan-ling Wang, Xiaoxia Zhu, Yu-gui Dou, Jing Zheng, Yong-qin Cao, Hong-bo Li, Jin-xiao Xi, Wei Sun, Ling Yao, Peng-fei Ge","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.04.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.04.016","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To master the status in control of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Gansu province and to provide the basis for development of control strategies. Methods One county which reached the national standardization of IDD elimination was selected randomly from each of 14 cities of Gansu province in 2009, then one town was selected respectively from five directions (east, south, west, north, and central) of the above selected counties. One village was chosen from every town which was selected for investigating household iodized salt and iodized salt sales network. At the same time the thyroid of children was examined, their urinary iodine (UI) was determined, the intelligence quotient(IQ) values of children were measured and health education was surveyed in one primary school which was chosen in each of the selected town. Results A total of 1420 edible salt samples were tested;the weighted iodized salt coverage rate and the weighted qualified iodized salt rate were 99.53% and 98.15 respectively. Urine samples were collected from 1761 children included in the study. The urinary iodine median was 225.87 μg/L. The urinary iodine medians were at optimal levels in five counties, over the optimal levels in seven counties and at excessive levels in two counties. A total of 3051 children aged 8 - 10 were randomly selected for thyroid examination. The weighted thyroid goiter rate(TGR) of children was 1.9%, and TGR was higher than 5% only in Hoaggu county. IQ of 2815 children was tested and the mean IQ was 105.3, except for the country of Zhuoni and Kangle, the mean IQ of other counties were over 100. The average score of health education was 3.2.Children of 57.08% (1229/2153) knew that iodine deficiency could lead to mental retardation, 71.76% (1544/2153) knew that iodine deficiency could cause thyroid goiter, 68.04%( 1465/2153 ) knew that eating iodized salt was the best method for IDD prevention and control and 61.82%(1331/2153) informed their families of the benefits of eating iodized salt. Each town had one agency selling iodized salt and each village had one more retail store with iodized salt, but 73.5%(75/102) of the stores without license for the sales. Conclusions Great progress has been made on the prevention and control of IDD in Gansu province. The qualified iodized salt consumption rate has reached the national standard for IDD elimination, TGR has decreased markedly, the urinary iodine levels in more counties are over the optimal levels and iodized salt distribution network is basically sound. But progress in health education is uneven. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Iodine ; Deficiency disorders; Goiter, endemic ; Urine; Salts","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"95 1","pages":"408-412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73866682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.04.011
Q. Zeng, Yun Liu, A. Zhang, F. Hong, N. Ya, Xian Yu
Objective To explore the effect of fluoride and arsenic pollution on bone metabolism in exposed population. Methods One hundred and fifty-two fluoride and arsenic exposed people were selected from Jiaole village, Yuzhang town, Xingron county, Guizhou province in 2006, and 59 not exposed people from Daguoduo village 13 km away from Jiaole village were selected as control. Urinary fluorine(UF), urinary arsenic (UAs), urinary hydroxyproline (UHYP), cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (UNTX) and bone strength index(STI) were detected. Results The main effect of fluoride on UHYP and UNTX were statistically significant (F = 9.785, 4.225, P 0.05). The main effect of arsenic on UNTX was statistically significant (F = 2.660, P 0.05). The interaction between fluoride and arsenic on UNTX was statistically significant (F= 2.429, P 0.05). Conclusions Fluoride exposure can affect the metabolism of collagen and bone resorption, and Arsenic exposure main affect bone resorption, fluoride and arsenic co-exposure have more significant effect on bone resorption. UNTX may be used as biological biomarker of bone metabolism for population co-exposed to fluoride and arsenic in health monitoring. Key words: Fluorine; Arsenic; Enviromnental exposure; Bones
{"title":"The effect of fluoride and arsenic pollution on bone metabolism in exposed population","authors":"Q. Zeng, Yun Liu, A. Zhang, F. Hong, N. Ya, Xian Yu","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.04.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To explore the effect of fluoride and arsenic pollution on bone metabolism in exposed population. Methods One hundred and fifty-two fluoride and arsenic exposed people were selected from Jiaole village, Yuzhang town, Xingron county, Guizhou province in 2006, and 59 not exposed people from Daguoduo village 13 km away from Jiaole village were selected as control. Urinary fluorine(UF), urinary arsenic (UAs), urinary hydroxyproline (UHYP), cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (UNTX) and bone strength index(STI) were detected. Results The main effect of fluoride on UHYP and UNTX were statistically significant (F = 9.785, 4.225, P 0.05). The main effect of arsenic on UNTX was statistically significant (F = 2.660, P 0.05). The interaction between fluoride and arsenic on UNTX was statistically significant (F= 2.429, P 0.05). Conclusions Fluoride exposure can affect the metabolism of collagen and bone resorption, and Arsenic exposure main affect bone resorption, fluoride and arsenic co-exposure have more significant effect on bone resorption. UNTX may be used as biological biomarker of bone metabolism for population co-exposed to fluoride and arsenic in health monitoring. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Fluorine; Arsenic; Enviromnental exposure; Bones","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"5 1","pages":"393-395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90173026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.03.005
Liu Yan-jie, G. Qin, Long Yi-guo, Yu Yan-ni, Guang Zhi-zhong
Objective To investigate the expression and distribution of the downstream substrate of extracellular regulated protein kinase(ERK1/2) pathway, ternary complex factor phospho-Elk-1, in rat brains with chronic fluorosis, and reveal the mechanism of the impaired learning and memory ability caused by chronic fluorosis. Methods Seventy-two SD rats, weighing 100 - 120 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups, 24 in each group (half male and half female). The rats in control group were fed with tap water (fluoride < 0.5 mg/L); low- and high-dose fluoride groups were fed with tap water with different concentrations of NaF(5.0,50.0 mg/L F-, respectively). After 6 months, body weight was weighed, dental fluorosis was determined by observation and urinary fluoride and bone fluoride were detected by fluorine ion-selective electrode; the learning ability of rats was measured by navigation test of Morris water maze, and memory ability by spatial probe test in Morris water maze; the expression and distribution of phospho-Elk-1 in different brain regions were detected by immunohistochemistry method. Results In low- and high-fluoride groups, the body weight of rat[(449.2 ± 77.1), (312.8 ± 89.7)g] was significantly decreased than that of control [(635.5 ± 76.2 )g, all P< 0.05], the varying degrees of dental fluorosis were observed(x2 = 7.83, P<0.05), urinary fluoride[(2.56 ±0.91),(5.73 ±3.14)mg/L] and bone fluoride[(709.2 ± 37.4) ,(1306.3 ± 102.4) mg/kg] were significantly higher than those in controls[(0.92 ± 0.30)mg/L,(348.5 ± 89.2)mg/kg, all P< 0.05]. The escape latency of low- and high-fluoride groups[ (7.4 ± 4.1), (12.2 ± 5.7)s] was longer than that of control [(4.8 ± 2.7 )s, all P < 0.05] and the escape latency in high-fluoride group was significantly longer than that in other groups (all P < 0.05); in spatial probe test, the time of first crossing platform was longer in rats with fluorosis [(4.18 ± 1.10),(5.89 ± 0.56)s] as compared to control[(1.17 ± 0.75)s, all P< 0.05]. Expressions of phospho-Elk-1 in the hippocampus CA1(167.4 ± 8.3,163.2 ± 9.4), CA2(175.7 ± 5.0,183.3 ± 4.2), CA3(165.2 ± 11.6,162.9 ± 4.4), CA4(168.7± 6.9,169.5 ±5.3), fascia dentate (185.2 ±4.0,193.1 ±6.1) and caudate putamen( 181.4 ± 3.8, 179.8 ± 5.5) in low- and high-fluoride groups were higher than those of controls(142.4 ± 8.1,144.9 ± 8.4,143.6 ± 5.8, 116.8 ± 9.1,140.2 ± 7.8,163.1 ± 13.1, all P< 0.05). Conclusion Chronic fluorosis can cause increased expression of phospho-Elk-1 in the hippocampus and caudate putamen region of rat brains, which might be related to the mechanisms of decreased learning and memory ability of rats overexposed to fluoride. Key words: Fluoride poisoning; Brain; Transcription factor Elk-1; Learning; Memory
{"title":"Influence of chronic fluorosis on expression of phospho-Elk-1 in rat brains","authors":"Liu Yan-jie, G. Qin, Long Yi-guo, Yu Yan-ni, Guang Zhi-zhong","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To investigate the expression and distribution of the downstream substrate of extracellular regulated protein kinase(ERK1/2) pathway, ternary complex factor phospho-Elk-1, in rat brains with chronic fluorosis, and reveal the mechanism of the impaired learning and memory ability caused by chronic fluorosis. Methods Seventy-two SD rats, weighing 100 - 120 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups, 24 in each group (half male and half female). The rats in control group were fed with tap water (fluoride < 0.5 mg/L); low- and high-dose fluoride groups were fed with tap water with different concentrations of NaF(5.0,50.0 mg/L F-, respectively). After 6 months, body weight was weighed, dental fluorosis was determined by observation and urinary fluoride and bone fluoride were detected by fluorine ion-selective electrode; the learning ability of rats was measured by navigation test of Morris water maze, and memory ability by spatial probe test in Morris water maze; the expression and distribution of phospho-Elk-1 in different brain regions were detected by immunohistochemistry method. Results In low- and high-fluoride groups, the body weight of rat[(449.2 ± 77.1), (312.8 ± 89.7)g] was significantly decreased than that of control [(635.5 ± 76.2 )g, all P< 0.05], the varying degrees of dental fluorosis were observed(x2 = 7.83, P<0.05), urinary fluoride[(2.56 ±0.91),(5.73 ±3.14)mg/L] and bone fluoride[(709.2 ± 37.4) ,(1306.3 ± 102.4) mg/kg] were significantly higher than those in controls[(0.92 ± 0.30)mg/L,(348.5 ± 89.2)mg/kg, all P< 0.05]. The escape latency of low- and high-fluoride groups[ (7.4 ± 4.1), (12.2 ± 5.7)s] was longer than that of control [(4.8 ± 2.7 )s, all P < 0.05] and the escape latency in high-fluoride group was significantly longer than that in other groups (all P < 0.05); in spatial probe test, the time of first crossing platform was longer in rats with fluorosis [(4.18 ± 1.10),(5.89 ± 0.56)s] as compared to control[(1.17 ± 0.75)s, all P< 0.05]. Expressions of phospho-Elk-1 in the hippocampus CA1(167.4 ± 8.3,163.2 ± 9.4), CA2(175.7 ± 5.0,183.3 ± 4.2), CA3(165.2 ± 11.6,162.9 ± 4.4), CA4(168.7± 6.9,169.5 ±5.3), fascia dentate (185.2 ±4.0,193.1 ±6.1) and caudate putamen( 181.4 ± 3.8, 179.8 ± 5.5) in low- and high-fluoride groups were higher than those of controls(142.4 ± 8.1,144.9 ± 8.4,143.6 ± 5.8, 116.8 ± 9.1,140.2 ± 7.8,163.1 ± 13.1, all P< 0.05). Conclusion Chronic fluorosis can cause increased expression of phospho-Elk-1 in the hippocampus and caudate putamen region of rat brains, which might be related to the mechanisms of decreased learning and memory ability of rats overexposed to fluoride. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Fluoride poisoning; Brain; Transcription factor Elk-1; Learning; Memory","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"22 1","pages":"251-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84400932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.03.004
Jin Ting-xu, Guang Zhi-zhong, Z. Hua
Objective To investigate the effect of fluoride on the expression of a subunit of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase- Ⅱ (α-CaMK Ⅱ ) at both mRNA and protein levels in human neuroblastoma cells were cultured in DMEM with final concentrations of NaF 0(control) ,0.05,0.50,2.00,5.00 mmol/L, respectively, for 48 hours. Then quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the expression level of α-CaMK Ⅱ P1 (postnatal day 1) pups together with their mothers were randomly divided into three groups. Lactating rats were given drinking water containing NaF at concentrations 0(control) ,2,3 mmol/L. And pups were exposed to NaF through milk. In each group, 8 pups were sacrificed on day 14 after birth. In post-weaning period, another 8 pups in each group were given drinking water with the same dose of fluoride as their mother's 21 day after birth. After then, these pups were killed on day 28, and hippocampus was dissected immediately and Western blot was conducted mRNA and protein levels were decreased. When NaF concentrations were 0,0.05,0.50,2.00,5.00 mmol/L, the mRNA relative ratios of α-CaMKⅡ in SY5Y cells were 1.00 ± 0.00,0.77 ± 0.18,0.40 ± 0.11,0.22 ± 0.06 and 0.15 ± 0.03, and protein levels of α-CaMK Ⅱ were 100.00 ± 0.00,76.17 ± 2.08,59.16 ± 2.12,48.52 ± 2.71 and 43.51 ± 2.57, any mmol/L group, hippocampus α-CaMK Ⅱ protein levels on day 14 and 28(75.02 ± 2.88,73.83 ± 3.88 and 81.00 ± 2.54,45.70 ± 2.34) were significantly lower than that of control groups(100.00 ± 0.00,100.00 ± 0.00, all P < 0.01). In 3 mmol/L group, hippocampus α-CaMKⅡ protein level on day 28 was lower than that of 2 mmol/L group (P < 0.01). Conclusion Fluoride can decrease mRNA and protein levels of α-CaMK Ⅱ in nerve cells and hippocampus, which may be one of the mechanisms of learning and memory impairment by fluorosis. Key words: Fluoride; Central nervous system; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase- Ⅱ
{"title":"The effect of fluoride on a subunit of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase- II mRNA and protein expression in central nervous system","authors":"Jin Ting-xu, Guang Zhi-zhong, Z. Hua","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To investigate the effect of fluoride on the expression of a subunit of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase- Ⅱ (α-CaMK Ⅱ ) at both mRNA and protein levels in human neuroblastoma cells were cultured in DMEM with final concentrations of NaF 0(control) ,0.05,0.50,2.00,5.00 mmol/L, respectively, for 48 hours. Then quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the expression level of α-CaMK Ⅱ P1 (postnatal day 1) pups together with their mothers were randomly divided into three groups. Lactating rats were given drinking water containing NaF at concentrations 0(control) ,2,3 mmol/L. And pups were exposed to NaF through milk. In each group, 8 pups were sacrificed on day 14 after birth. In post-weaning period, another 8 pups in each group were given drinking water with the same dose of fluoride as their mother's 21 day after birth. After then, these pups were killed on day 28, and hippocampus was dissected immediately and Western blot was conducted mRNA and protein levels were decreased. When NaF concentrations were 0,0.05,0.50,2.00,5.00 mmol/L, the mRNA relative ratios of α-CaMKⅡ in SY5Y cells were 1.00 ± 0.00,0.77 ± 0.18,0.40 ± 0.11,0.22 ± 0.06 and 0.15 ± 0.03, and protein levels of α-CaMK Ⅱ were 100.00 ± 0.00,76.17 ± 2.08,59.16 ± 2.12,48.52 ± 2.71 and 43.51 ± 2.57, any mmol/L group, hippocampus α-CaMK Ⅱ protein levels on day 14 and 28(75.02 ± 2.88,73.83 ± 3.88 and 81.00 ± 2.54,45.70 ± 2.34) were significantly lower than that of control groups(100.00 ± 0.00,100.00 ± 0.00, all P < 0.01). In 3 mmol/L group, hippocampus α-CaMKⅡ protein level on day 28 was lower than that of 2 mmol/L group (P < 0.01). Conclusion Fluoride can decrease mRNA and protein levels of α-CaMK Ⅱ in nerve cells and hippocampus, which may be one of the mechanisms of learning and memory impairment by fluorosis. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Fluoride; Central nervous system; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase- Ⅱ","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"107 1","pages":"247-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80707928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.03.002
Gui Chuan-zhi, Ran Long-yan, Guang Zhi-zhong
：Objective To observe thelearning and memory changes in coal-burning type of fluorosis rats, detect the expressionsof neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR) at mRNA and protein levels in ratbrains and to reveal the mechanism of changed learning and memory ability. MethodsTwenty-four healthy SD rats, weighting 100 - 120 g, were randomly divided into threegroups(8 in each). Control group was fed with normal diet, and low- and high-dose fluoridegroups were fed with corn polluted with high fluoride (fluoride were 11.30,104.20 mg/kg,respectively) during drying processes with local burning-coal from the areas of endemicfluorosis to established rat model of chronic fluorosis. After exposed to fluoride for 6months, behavioral changes were measured by Morris water maze. Animals were sacrificed,the brain was taken, after homogenizing the fluoride content of brain tissue wasdetermined by fluoride ion selective electrode. The α3, α4 andα7 nAChR subunits at mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by real-time PCR andWestern blotting, respectively. Results For rats in low- and high-fluoride groups, theescape latency time[(12.42 ± 8.03),(17.48 ± 8.05)s] was significantly longer than thatin the control[(7.04 ± 3.29)s, all P 0.05).Furthermore, the protein levels of α3, α4 and α7 nAChR subunits in rat brains ofhighfluoride group(0.58 ± 0.13,0.16 ± 0.03,1.41 ± 0.38) and low-fluoride group(0.56 ±0.23,0.08 ± 0.02,0.51 ± 0.16) were significantly lower than those of controls( 1.48 ±0.42,0.57 ± 0.21,2.56 ± 0.26, P<0.05 or < 0.01). Conclusions Decreased ability oflearning and memory in coal-burning type of fluorosis rats may be associated with declinedexpressions of nAChR at proteins and mRNA levels, which might be the main mechanism of thebehavior change. Key words: Fluoridepoisoning; Brain; Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; Learning; Memory
{"title":"Expression levels of brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mRNA and protein in coal-burning type of fluorosis rats","authors":"Gui Chuan-zhi, Ran Long-yan, Guang Zhi-zhong","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"：Objective To observe thelearning and memory changes in coal-burning type of fluorosis rats, detect the expressionsof neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR) at mRNA and protein levels in ratbrains and to reveal the mechanism of changed learning and memory ability. MethodsTwenty-four healthy SD rats, weighting 100 - 120 g, were randomly divided into threegroups(8 in each). Control group was fed with normal diet, and low- and high-dose fluoridegroups were fed with corn polluted with high fluoride (fluoride were 11.30,104.20 mg/kg,respectively) during drying processes with local burning-coal from the areas of endemicfluorosis to established rat model of chronic fluorosis. After exposed to fluoride for 6months, behavioral changes were measured by Morris water maze. Animals were sacrificed,the brain was taken, after homogenizing the fluoride content of brain tissue wasdetermined by fluoride ion selective electrode. The α3, α4 andα7 nAChR subunits at mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by real-time PCR andWestern blotting, respectively. Results For rats in low- and high-fluoride groups, theescape latency time[(12.42 ± 8.03),(17.48 ± 8.05)s] was significantly longer than thatin the control[(7.04 ± 3.29)s, all P 0.05).Furthermore, the protein levels of α3, α4 and α7 nAChR subunits in rat brains ofhighfluoride group(0.58 ± 0.13,0.16 ± 0.03,1.41 ± 0.38) and low-fluoride group(0.56 ±0.23,0.08 ± 0.02,0.51 ± 0.16) were significantly lower than those of controls( 1.48 ±0.42,0.57 ± 0.21,2.56 ± 0.26, P<0.05 or < 0.01). Conclusions Decreased ability oflearning and memory in coal-burning type of fluorosis rats may be associated with declinedexpressions of nAChR at proteins and mRNA levels, which might be the main mechanism of thebehavior change. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Fluoridepoisoning; Brain; Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; Learning; Memory","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"239-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88225624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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