Pub Date : 2019-06-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2019.06.011
Jian Sun, Xinna Yuan, Yiping Zhao
Objective To evaluate the effect of postoperative thyroid residual tissue on 131I treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) metastases in patients with DTC. Methods Patients with thyroid residual tissue and lymph node metastases or distant organ metastases were confirmed by 131I whole body scan after 131I treatment of DTC from January 2004 to January 2013 in Dalian. The clinical data were divided into the cured group and the non-cured group according to the final results of 131I treatment. The per unit area count value (Kc/cm2) of residual thyroid remnant (NTR), lymph node metastases (LNM) and distant metastases (DM) were measured and performed semi-quantitative analysis. The thresholds of the analysis results were calculated by the Bootstrap method. Results A total of 114 patients were studied, aged from 14 to 80 years old, including 47 males and 67 females; the ratio of males to females was 1.0 ∶ 1.4. There were significant differences in NTR unit area counts (0.25 vs 1.29 Kc/cm2) between the cured group and the non-cured group (72 in the cured group and 42 in the non-cured group, U = 0.001, P 0.05). Those with the ratio of residual area to lymph node metastases (N/L) and the ratio of residual area to distant metastases (N/D) less than 1.7 had a better 131I treatment; unit area N/L greater than 4.9 and unit area N/D greater than 8.0 had a poor therapeutic effect. Conclusion Excessive residual tissue after surgery results in poor efficacy of 131I treatment; semi-quantitative analysis for whole body scan after 131I treatment can predict the efficacy of 131I treatment. Key words: Differentiated thyroid carcinoma; Residual thyroid remnant; Bootstrap
目的探讨分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)转移患者术后甲状腺残留组织在131I治疗中的作用。方法对2004年1月至2013年1月在大连市经131I治疗的DTC患者，经131I全身扫描确认有甲状腺残留组织、淋巴结转移或远处器官转移。根据131I治疗的最终结果，将临床资料分为治愈组和未治愈组。测量甲状腺残余(NTR)、淋巴结转移(LNM)和远处转移(DM)的单位面积计数值(Kc/cm2)并进行半定量分析。采用Bootstrap方法计算分析结果的阈值。结果共114例患者，年龄14 ~ 80岁，其中男性47例，女性67例;男女比例为1.0∶1.4。治疗组与未治疗组的NTR单位面积计数(0.25 vs 1.29 Kc/cm2)差异有统计学意义(治疗组72 Kc/cm2，未治疗组42 Kc/cm2, U = 0.001, P 0.05)。残余面积与淋巴结转移之比(N/L)和残余面积与远处转移之比(N/D)均小于1.7者，131I治疗效果较好;单位面积N/L大于4.9和单位面积N/D大于8.0治疗效果较差。结论术后残留组织过多导致131I治疗效果不佳;131I治疗后全身扫描的半定量分析可以预测131I治疗的疗效。关键词:分化型甲状腺癌;甲状腺残体;引导
{"title":"Semi-quantitative analysis of the effect of 131I on residual thyroid tissue in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer","authors":"Jian Sun, Xinna Yuan, Yiping Zhao","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2019.06.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2019.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To evaluate the effect of postoperative thyroid residual tissue on 131I treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) metastases in patients with DTC. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Patients with thyroid residual tissue and lymph node metastases or distant organ metastases were confirmed by 131I whole body scan after 131I treatment of DTC from January 2004 to January 2013 in Dalian. The clinical data were divided into the cured group and the non-cured group according to the final results of 131I treatment. The per unit area count value (Kc/cm2) of residual thyroid remnant (NTR), lymph node metastases (LNM) and distant metastases (DM) were measured and performed semi-quantitative analysis. The thresholds of the analysis results were calculated by the Bootstrap method. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000A total of 114 patients were studied, aged from 14 to 80 years old, including 47 males and 67 females; the ratio of males to females was 1.0 ∶ 1.4. There were significant differences in NTR unit area counts (0.25 vs 1.29 Kc/cm2) between the cured group and the non-cured group (72 in the cured group and 42 in the non-cured group, U = 0.001, P 0.05). Those with the ratio of residual area to lymph node metastases (N/L) and the ratio of residual area to distant metastases (N/D) less than 1.7 had a better 131I treatment; unit area N/L greater than 4.9 and unit area N/D greater than 8.0 had a poor therapeutic effect. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusion \u0000Excessive residual tissue after surgery results in poor efficacy of 131I treatment; semi-quantitative analysis for whole body scan after 131I treatment can predict the efficacy of 131I treatment. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Differentiated thyroid carcinoma; Residual thyroid remnant; Bootstrap","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"46 1","pages":"481-484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88639954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Brucella aggregation of disease outbreaks, and explore the causes and possible routes of transmission in Tongxiang City for proposing prevention and control measures. Methods A case investigation was done to the first case of bovine brucellosis, while search of new case was carried out in the population. Epidemiological survey was carried out in accordance with the case study form from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention that developed the unified form, at the same time, survey of risk factors were carried out. According to the principle of informed consent, blood samples were collected, brucellosis rose bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and tube agglutination test (SAT) were used, and positive specimens were identified by Brucella culture. Brucellosis diagnosis was based on "Brucellosis Diagnostic Criteria" (WS 269-2007). Results The first case was a male fifty-six years old wine salesman from the farmers market. Serum of the patient was (+) in RBPT test, and 1∶400 (++) in SAT test. Cattle Brucella was check out by blood culture. Totally 66 human serum samples from the case search in key groups were tested, three people were detected seropositive but Brucella culture result was negative. Three cases were determined latent infection who had contacted beef sales staff. Conclusions The survey has shown that it is possible to get infected through contact with respiratory, skin, mucous membranes of Brucella infected beef or contaminated environment. Epidemic form should be concerned of non-professional personnel who are infected with different isoforms of brucellosis. The training of clinicians should be strengthened to improve their diagnosis and treatment technology. Health education should also be carried out to raise awareness of key population of disease prevention. Key words: Brucellosis; Clusters of cases; Data collection
{"title":"A investigation of epidemic outbreak of brucellosis in Tongxiang City of Zhejiang Province","authors":"Hong-fang Zhang, Jian Liu, M. Shen, Hua Qian, Heng Wang, Wei-min Xu","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2015.12.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2015.12.014","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Brucella aggregation of disease outbreaks, and explore the causes and possible routes of transmission in Tongxiang City for proposing prevention and control measures. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000A case investigation was done to the first case of bovine brucellosis, while search of new case was carried out in the population. Epidemiological survey was carried out in accordance with the case study form from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention that developed the unified form, at the same time, survey of risk factors were carried out. According to the principle of informed consent, blood samples were collected, brucellosis rose bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and tube agglutination test (SAT) were used, and positive specimens were identified by Brucella culture. Brucellosis diagnosis was based on \"Brucellosis Diagnostic Criteria\" (WS 269-2007). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The first case was a male fifty-six years old wine salesman from the farmers market. Serum of the patient was (+) in RBPT test, and 1∶400 (++) in SAT test. Cattle Brucella was check out by blood culture. Totally 66 human serum samples from the case search in key groups were tested, three people were detected seropositive but Brucella culture result was negative. Three cases were determined latent infection who had contacted beef sales staff. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000The survey has shown that it is possible to get infected through contact with respiratory, skin, mucous membranes of Brucella infected beef or contaminated environment. Epidemic form should be concerned of non-professional personnel who are infected with different isoforms of brucellosis. The training of clinicians should be strengthened to improve their diagnosis and treatment technology. Health education should also be carried out to raise awareness of key population of disease prevention. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Brucellosis; Clusters of cases; Data collection","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"908-910"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73036963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2015.08.006
Lijing Ling, Luo Kun-li, Tan Yuegang
Objective To study the real releasing of fluorine (F) and its effects on environmen in coalburning-borne fluorosis areas. Methods The coal, clay, briquette, cinder, fresh corn and roasted corn samples from 24 households were collected systematically in Zhaotong of City, Yunnan Province, and the F concentration in all samples was measured using the combustion hydrolysis/fluoride- ion selective electrode method, and the released amount and rate of F in briquette was calculated, and the relation between the released amount of F from briquette and the increase of F in roasted corn was analyzed. Results The F concentration of clay ranged from 266.4 to 2 536.7 mg/kg with a median of 1 087.1 mg/kg; the F concentration of briquette ranged from 115.9 to 635.0 mg/kg with a median of 308.8 mg/kg. The released amount of F in briquette ranged from 63.5 to 432.2 mg/kg with a median of 248.2 mg/kg. The releasing rate of F in briquette ranged from 30.3% to 91.5% with a average of 73.8%. The F concentration in fresh corn ranged from 0.43 to 2.00 mg/kg with a median of 1.31 mg/kg; the F concentration in roasted corn ranged from 2.21 to 44.88 mg/kg with a median of 10.49 mg/kg. The increased amount of roasted corn ranged 0.90 to 44.46 mg/kg. There was a significant correlation between the emission amounts of F from briquette and the F concentration in binder clay (r = 0.714, P 0.05). Conclusion The clay is an important source of F pollution, and the F increase in roasted corn is not only determined by the released amount of F in briquette, but also by several factors. Key words: Coal; Fluorine; Fluorosis, dental
{"title":"Mechanism of fluorine releasing in coal and clay and its effects on environment in Zhaotong, Yunnan Province.","authors":"Lijing Ling, Luo Kun-li, Tan Yuegang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2015.08.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2015.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To study the real releasing of fluorine (F) and its effects on environmen in coalburning-borne fluorosis areas. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The coal, clay, briquette, cinder, fresh corn and roasted corn samples from 24 households were collected systematically in Zhaotong of City, Yunnan Province, and the F concentration in all samples was measured using the combustion hydrolysis/fluoride- ion selective electrode method, and the released amount and rate of F in briquette was calculated, and the relation between the released amount of F from briquette and the increase of F in roasted corn was analyzed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The F concentration of clay ranged from 266.4 to 2 536.7 mg/kg with a median of 1 087.1 mg/kg; the F concentration of briquette ranged from 115.9 to 635.0 mg/kg with a median of 308.8 mg/kg. The released amount of F in briquette ranged from 63.5 to 432.2 mg/kg with a median of 248.2 mg/kg. The releasing rate of F in briquette ranged from 30.3% to 91.5% with a average of 73.8%. The F concentration in fresh corn ranged from 0.43 to 2.00 mg/kg with a median of 1.31 mg/kg; the F concentration in roasted corn ranged from 2.21 to 44.88 mg/kg with a median of 10.49 mg/kg. The increased amount of roasted corn ranged 0.90 to 44.46 mg/kg. There was a significant correlation between the emission amounts of F from briquette and the F concentration in binder clay (r = 0.714, P 0.05). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusion \u0000The clay is an important source of F pollution, and the F increase in roasted corn is not only determined by the released amount of F in briquette, but also by several factors. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Coal; Fluorine; Fluorosis, dental","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"38 1","pages":"569-572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89036304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2015.04.012
Wang Xinhui, A. Bulikemuabudurexiti, S. Shi, A. Bulimitimaituohuti, L. Bing, A. Zhatirehemu, Re Natuerdi, Xu Bingchen
Objective To observe immunological and bacteriological dynamic and distribution of Yersinia pestis in Citellus undulates in Gurt plague natural focus in Usu, Xinjiang in 2013. Methods In the focus,Citellus undulates was captured with cram frame and blood from heart was collected and serum was isolated from June to August 2013. Indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were taken to detect F1 antibody against Yersinia pestis of Citellus undulates, and the accuracy of two methods was conducted. Parasitic fleas were collected and classified. Yersinia pestis was isolated with four-step method (microscopic examination, cultivation for Yersinia pestis, bacteriovirus test and animal experiment) from liver, spleen of mice and parasitic fleas. Results Totally 436 Citellus undulates were captured and 2 801 parasitic fleas were collected. Positive rate of F1 antibody was 19.0% (83/436) and 4.4% (19/436) by ELISA and IHA, geometric mean titer (GMT) was 1∶26.92 and 1∶23.17, respectively. The positive rate and GMT of ELISA was higher than IHA (χ2 = 45.44,t = 1.96,P < 0.01 or < 0.05). The positive rate of F1 antibody was 20.2% (38/188), 25.9% (33/127) and 9.9% (12/121) from June, July to August, respectively, and the difference between months was statistically significant (χ2 = 10.67,P < 0.01). Totally 32 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated. From June to August, the isolated strains were accounted for 81.3% (26/32), 12.5% (4/32) and 6.3% (2/32), respectively, the difference between months was statistically significant (χ2 = 20.60,P < 0.01). The ratio of strains isolated from 3 kinds of samples was 56.3% (18/32) of the fleas, 25.0% (8/32) of self-dead rodents and 18.8% (6/32) of the captured rodents, the difference between samples was statistically significant (χ2 = 18.46,P < 0.01). Conclusions ELISA is better than IHA for detecting sera F1 antibody, and testing accuracy can be improved by combination of the two methods. Strain detection rate is higher in June, and positive rate of self dead rodents is higher than that of captured rodents and fleas. More attention should be paid to strains isolation from the fleas in plague surveillance. Searching for self dead rodents is an effective way for strains isolation. Key words: Citellus undulates; Parasitic fleas; Yersinia pestis; Antibodies
{"title":"Analysis of Yersinia pestis detection result of Citellus undulates and parasitic fleas in Gurt, Usu in Xinjiang, 2013","authors":"Wang Xinhui, A. Bulikemuabudurexiti, S. Shi, A. Bulimitimaituohuti, L. Bing, A. Zhatirehemu, Re Natuerdi, Xu Bingchen","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2015.04.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2015.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To observe immunological and bacteriological dynamic and distribution of Yersinia pestis in Citellus undulates in Gurt plague natural focus in Usu, Xinjiang in 2013. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000In the focus,Citellus undulates was captured with cram frame and blood from heart was collected and serum was isolated from June to August 2013. Indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were taken to detect F1 antibody against Yersinia pestis of Citellus undulates, and the accuracy of two methods was conducted. Parasitic fleas were collected and classified. Yersinia pestis was isolated with four-step method (microscopic examination, cultivation for Yersinia pestis, bacteriovirus test and animal experiment) from liver, spleen of mice and parasitic fleas. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Totally 436 Citellus undulates were captured and 2 801 parasitic fleas were collected. Positive rate of F1 antibody was 19.0% (83/436) and 4.4% (19/436) by ELISA and IHA, geometric mean titer (GMT) was 1∶26.92 and 1∶23.17, respectively. The positive rate and GMT of ELISA was higher than IHA (χ2 = 45.44,t = 1.96,P < 0.01 or < 0.05). The positive rate of F1 antibody was 20.2% (38/188), 25.9% (33/127) and 9.9% (12/121) from June, July to August, respectively, and the difference between months was statistically significant (χ2 = 10.67,P < 0.01). Totally 32 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated. From June to August, the isolated strains were accounted for 81.3% (26/32), 12.5% (4/32) and 6.3% (2/32), respectively, the difference between months was statistically significant (χ2 = 20.60,P < 0.01). The ratio of strains isolated from 3 kinds of samples was 56.3% (18/32) of the fleas, 25.0% (8/32) of self-dead rodents and 18.8% (6/32) of the captured rodents, the difference between samples was statistically significant (χ2 = 18.46,P < 0.01). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000ELISA is better than IHA for detecting sera F1 antibody, and testing accuracy can be improved by combination of the two methods. Strain detection rate is higher in June, and positive rate of self dead rodents is higher than that of captured rodents and fleas. More attention should be paid to strains isolation from the fleas in plague surveillance. Searching for self dead rodents is an effective way for strains isolation. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Citellus undulates; Parasitic fleas; Yersinia pestis; Antibodies","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"60 1","pages":"278-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78240703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2015.03.009
P. Kiku, Grishchenko Vladimir Vladimirovich, M. V. Yarygina, Peng Liu, Shou-Jun Liu, Yan Liu, Dianjun Sun
Objective To assess the relationship between environmental chemical elements and incidence of thyroid diseases in the population of primorsky region in Russia, to understand the effects between iodine deficiency, iodine deficiency diseases and toxic elements (cadmium, lead, arsenic, tin) and essential elements (nickel, iron, molybdenum, zinc, selenium, iodine). Method By analyzing the project of "Multi-purpose geochemical mapping (MGHK-1000)", through the establishment of priority of screening indicators, the geochemical situation of seaside environment was evaluated; basic correlation analysis and logic analysis of binary type were used, combined with the ecohygiene method to evaluate the relationship between environmental chemical pollutant and incidence of thyroid diseases. Results The prevalence of thyroid disease was increased in recent years in Primorsky region. This region could be divided into 7 areas according to the total indicator of pollution, imbalance of zinc, iron, cobalt, manganese areas, excess of lead, strontium, nickel, chromium areas which could also lead to iodine deficiency. Conclusions Thyroid diseases are environmental-related diseases due to iodine deficiency, further associated with combined imbalance of trace elements and toxic elements. Key words: Iodine; Deficiency disorders; Ecological and hygienic analysis; Thyroid function; Toxic elements; Trace elements
{"title":"Effects of geochemical conditions on distribution of thyroid diseases due to iodine deficiency in seaside of Russia","authors":"P. Kiku, Grishchenko Vladimir Vladimirovich, M. V. Yarygina, Peng Liu, Shou-Jun Liu, Yan Liu, Dianjun Sun","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2015.03.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2015.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To assess the relationship between environmental chemical elements and incidence of thyroid diseases in the population of primorsky region in Russia, to understand the effects between iodine deficiency, iodine deficiency diseases and toxic elements (cadmium, lead, arsenic, tin) and essential elements (nickel, iron, molybdenum, zinc, selenium, iodine). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Method \u0000By analyzing the project of \"Multi-purpose geochemical mapping (MGHK-1000)\", through the establishment of priority of screening indicators, the geochemical situation of seaside environment was evaluated; basic correlation analysis and logic analysis of binary type were used, combined with the ecohygiene method to evaluate the relationship between environmental chemical pollutant and incidence of thyroid diseases. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The prevalence of thyroid disease was increased in recent years in Primorsky region. This region could be divided into 7 areas according to the total indicator of pollution, imbalance of zinc, iron, cobalt, manganese areas, excess of lead, strontium, nickel, chromium areas which could also lead to iodine deficiency. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Thyroid diseases are environmental-related diseases due to iodine deficiency, further associated with combined imbalance of trace elements and toxic elements. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Iodine; Deficiency disorders; Ecological and hygienic analysis; Thyroid function; Toxic elements; Trace elements","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"108 1","pages":"186-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87649238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2015.02.007
Renhua Zhang, Chong Zheng, Zhou Yibing, L. Lei, Lin Ye
Objective To investigate the level and proportional relationship of free fluorine and soluble fluoride in different brands of toothpaste, and analyze possible risk factors. Methods A total of 54 samples of commercially available toothpastes of domestic, joint venture and imported in Guiyang City were collected, and the levels of free fluoride and soluble fluorine were determined, respectively, using fluorideion selective electrode method (GB 8372-2008). Results The number of the toothpaste was 32, 12, 10, respectively, in domestic, joint venture and imported. The levels of free fluorine ranged from 0.98 to 1 603.50 mg/kg, 3.22 to 617.50 mg/kg and 306.80 to 1 590.80 mg/kg, respectively, in toothpastes of domestic, joint venture and imported; the number of exceeding the standard free fluorine was 3, 0 and 1, respectively, in toothpastes of domestic, joint venture and imported; the rate of exceeding the standard free fluorine was 9.4%, 0.0% and 10.0%, respectively, in toothpastes of domestic, joint venture and imported. The levels of soluble fluorine ranged from 3.06 to 4 302.50 mg/kg, 9.02 to 1 667.30 mg/kg and 9.18 to 4 013.20 mg/kg, respectively, in toothpastes of domestic, joint venture and imported; the number of exceeding the standard soluble fluorine was 9, 2 and 3, respectively, in toothpastes of domestic, joint venture and imported; the rate of exceeding the standard soluble fluorine was 34.4%, 16.7% and 30.0%, respectively, in toothpastes of domestic, joint venture and imported. The proportion of free fluorine and soluble fluoride was: domestic 1.0∶2.7, joint venture 1.0∶ 2.7, imported 1.0 ∶ 2.5, respectively. The confidence limit (R/d) was 0.98. Conclusion The fluoride level in different brands of toothpaste has exceeded the standard, the content and proportion of soluble fluoride are obviously higher than those of free fluoride, and there is a risk on tooth damage from fluoride, and factories should strengthen quality control in adding fluoride. Key words: Toothpaste; Fluoride; Analysis
{"title":"Levels and proportions of free fluoride and soluble fluorine in different brands of toothpaste","authors":"Renhua Zhang, Chong Zheng, Zhou Yibing, L. Lei, Lin Ye","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2015.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2015.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the level and proportional relationship of free fluorine and soluble fluoride in different brands of toothpaste, and analyze possible risk factors. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000A total of 54 samples of commercially available toothpastes of domestic, joint venture and imported in Guiyang City were collected, and the levels of free fluoride and soluble fluorine were determined, respectively, using fluorideion selective electrode method (GB 8372-2008). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The number of the toothpaste was 32, 12, 10, respectively, in domestic, joint venture and imported. The levels of free fluorine ranged from 0.98 to 1 603.50 mg/kg, 3.22 to 617.50 mg/kg and 306.80 to 1 590.80 mg/kg, respectively, in toothpastes of domestic, joint venture and imported; the number of exceeding the standard free fluorine was 3, 0 and 1, respectively, in toothpastes of domestic, joint venture and imported; the rate of exceeding the standard free fluorine was 9.4%, 0.0% and 10.0%, respectively, in toothpastes of domestic, joint venture and imported. The levels of soluble fluorine ranged from 3.06 to 4 302.50 mg/kg, 9.02 to 1 667.30 mg/kg and 9.18 to 4 013.20 mg/kg, respectively, in toothpastes of domestic, joint venture and imported; the number of exceeding the standard soluble fluorine was 9, 2 and 3, respectively, in toothpastes of domestic, joint venture and imported; the rate of exceeding the standard soluble fluorine was 34.4%, 16.7% and 30.0%, respectively, in toothpastes of domestic, joint venture and imported. The proportion of free fluorine and soluble fluoride was: domestic 1.0∶2.7, joint venture 1.0∶ 2.7, imported 1.0 ∶ 2.5, respectively. The confidence limit (R/d) was 0.98. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusion \u0000The fluoride level in different brands of toothpaste has exceeded the standard, the content and proportion of soluble fluoride are obviously higher than those of free fluoride, and there is a risk on tooth damage from fluoride, and factories should strengthen quality control in adding fluoride. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Toothpaste; Fluoride; Analysis","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"106 1","pages":"102-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79287470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2015.01.018
Ma Zhidong, Chang Zili, L. Fang, Huo Yanhong, Lin Jianyun, Wu Zhenghua, Zhang Zhongbing
Objective To determine a method for amplification of cytochrome C oxidase subunit I(CO I) gene of Brandt's vole. Methods The Brandt's Voles were captured in Abagaqi Xilingol League Inner Mongolia, and DNA was extracted from liver tissue. CO I gene was amplified by nested PCR and sequenced afterwards. Results A band of 657 bp and 1 132 bp was amplified by internal and external PCR primers, respectively, which were consistent with expected sizes. A total of 12 segments of Brandt's Vole CO I gene sequences were amplified by PCR and verified by sequencing. The sequence number was KF182196 - KF182207 in GenBank. After gene sequence alignment of the 12 CO I gene sequences, it was found that the similarity was 100%, and no base mutation. Conclusion CO I gene of Brandt's Vole could be amplified by nested PCR without pseudo gene. Key words: Nested PCR; Brandt's Vole; Cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene
{"title":"Amplification of cytochrome C oxidase summit I gene of Brandt's Vole by nested PCR.","authors":"Ma Zhidong, Chang Zili, L. Fang, Huo Yanhong, Lin Jianyun, Wu Zhenghua, Zhang Zhongbing","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2015.01.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2015.01.018","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To determine a method for amplification of cytochrome C oxidase subunit I(CO I) gene of Brandt's vole. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The Brandt's Voles were captured in Abagaqi Xilingol League Inner Mongolia, and DNA was extracted from liver tissue. CO I gene was amplified by nested PCR and sequenced afterwards. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000A band of 657 bp and 1 132 bp was amplified by internal and external PCR primers, respectively, which were consistent with expected sizes. A total of 12 segments of Brandt's Vole CO I gene sequences were amplified by PCR and verified by sequencing. The sequence number was KF182196 - KF182207 in GenBank. After gene sequence alignment of the 12 CO I gene sequences, it was found that the similarity was 100%, and no base mutation. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusion \u0000CO I gene of Brandt's Vole could be amplified by nested PCR without pseudo gene. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Nested PCR; Brandt's Vole; Cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"57 1","pages":"70-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86035033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2014.01.010
Liu Yu-yan, Li Yongfang, Wang Da, Yang BoYi, Fang Shujun, Zhi XueYuan, Zheng QuanMei, Sun Gui-fan
Objective To test the accuracy of predicted results by a geographic information system(GIS) model with the actual distribution of groundwater arsenic concentration in four provinces including Shandong,Henan,Anhui and Jiangsu of Huaihe River Basin.Methods The results of groundwater arsenic level of the four provinces in Huaihe River Basin were cited as the data resource; after stratified by arsenic in water,water arsenic ＞ 0.01 mg/L as statistical standards,the number of villages and counties(districts) with arsenic level higher than the standards was calculated.Meanwhile,locations of counties(districts) sampled on the map of GIS predictive model were marked; the gray level of arsenic contaminated probability 0.3 was regarded as the criterion and the consistence of both results predicted by GIS model and detected actually in each province was analyzed.Results A total of 61 824 wells distributed in 2 781 villages around the four provinces of Huaihe River Basin were sampled,and 474 of the 2 781 villages were confirmed as high arsenic villages(arsenic ＞ 0.01 mg/L),with an average detection rate of 17.04％(474/2 781).The detection rates of high arsenic villages in Shandong,Henan,Anhui and Jiangsu were 13.19％ (79/599),23.82％ (101/424),74.25％ (199/268) and 6.38％ (95/1 490),respectively,and the differences of detection rates among the provinces were statistically significant(x2 =820.84,P ＜ 0.05).County(district) as a unit,among all the 103 counties(districts),the number of counties where the probability of high arsenic concentration in groundwater predicted by GIS model that greater than 0.3 was 72,accounting for 69.90％(72/103) of total counties,in which Shandong,Henan,Anhui and Jiangsu were 67.86％(19/28),61.36％ (27/44),85.71％ (12/14) and 82.35％ (14/17),respectively.Among all 103 counties (districts),the number of counties(districts) where the detection rates of high arsenic villages beyond the standards was 62,and among these 62 counties,there were 42 counties where the probability of high arsenic concentration in groundwater predicted by GIS model was greater than 0.3,and the overall sensibility was 67.74％(42/62); among all the 41 counties where the detection rates of high arsenic villages were not beyond the standards,11 counties where the probability of high arsenic concentration in groundwater predicted by GIS model was lower than 0.3,and the overall specificity was 26.83％(11/41); the sensitivities of GIS model in Shandong,Henan,Anhui and Jiangsu were 57.89％ (11/19),59.09％ (13/22),84.62％ (11/13) and 87.50％ (7/8),respectively.Conclusion The results of groundwater arsenic investigated in the four provinces of Huaihe River Basin and predicted by GIS model are consistent,and we have proved that the results of GIS predictive model are accurate. Key words: Huaihe river basin; Groundwater; Arsenic; Geographic information system; Predictive model
{"title":"Relationship between the actual test results of groundwater arsenic level and the predictions of a geographic information system model in four provinces of Huaihe River Basin","authors":"Liu Yu-yan, Li Yongfang, Wang Da, Yang BoYi, Fang Shujun, Zhi XueYuan, Zheng QuanMei, Sun Gui-fan","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2014.01.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2014.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To test the accuracy of predicted results by a geographic information system(GIS) model with the actual distribution of groundwater arsenic concentration in four provinces including Shandong,Henan,Anhui and Jiangsu of Huaihe River Basin.Methods The results of groundwater arsenic level of the four provinces in Huaihe River Basin were cited as the data resource; after stratified by arsenic in water,water arsenic ＞ 0.01 mg/L as statistical standards,the number of villages and counties(districts) with arsenic level higher than the standards was calculated.Meanwhile,locations of counties(districts) sampled on the map of GIS predictive model were marked; the gray level of arsenic contaminated probability 0.3 was regarded as the criterion and the consistence of both results predicted by GIS model and detected actually in each province was analyzed.Results A total of 61 824 wells distributed in 2 781 villages around the four provinces of Huaihe River Basin were sampled,and 474 of the 2 781 villages were confirmed as high arsenic villages(arsenic ＞ 0.01 mg/L),with an average detection rate of 17.04％(474/2 781).The detection rates of high arsenic villages in Shandong,Henan,Anhui and Jiangsu were 13.19％ (79/599),23.82％ (101/424),74.25％ (199/268) and 6.38％ (95/1 490),respectively,and the differences of detection rates among the provinces were statistically significant(x2 =820.84,P ＜ 0.05).County(district) as a unit,among all the 103 counties(districts),the number of counties where the probability of high arsenic concentration in groundwater predicted by GIS model that greater than 0.3 was 72,accounting for 69.90％(72/103) of total counties,in which Shandong,Henan,Anhui and Jiangsu were 67.86％(19/28),61.36％ (27/44),85.71％ (12/14) and 82.35％ (14/17),respectively.Among all 103 counties (districts),the number of counties(districts) where the detection rates of high arsenic villages beyond the standards was 62,and among these 62 counties,there were 42 counties where the probability of high arsenic concentration in groundwater predicted by GIS model was greater than 0.3,and the overall sensibility was 67.74％(42/62); among all the 41 counties where the detection rates of high arsenic villages were not beyond the standards,11 counties where the probability of high arsenic concentration in groundwater predicted by GIS model was lower than 0.3,and the overall specificity was 26.83％(11/41); the sensitivities of GIS model in Shandong,Henan,Anhui and Jiangsu were 57.89％ (11/19),59.09％ (13/22),84.62％ (11/13) and 87.50％ (7/8),respectively.Conclusion The results of groundwater arsenic investigated in the four provinces of Huaihe River Basin and predicted by GIS model are consistent,and we have proved that the results of GIS predictive model are accurate. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Huaihe river basin; Groundwater; Arsenic; Geographic information system; Predictive model","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"33 1","pages":"30-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74521756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To investigate the expressions of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) in cartilage of children with Kashin-Beck disease(KBD) in order to provide a possible mechanism of the disease. Methods: Articular cartilage tissues of 5 KBD children(KBD group) were selected from KBD children autopsy samples keeping in Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University; articular cartilage tissues of 5 normal children(control group) were selected from non-KBD areas of Shaanxi Province, three cases were from accident death children, two cases were the samples of congential malformation of six finger. Expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the cartilage were detected using immunohistochemistry; the cells of articular cartilage were divided into three areas (superficial zone, middle zone and deep zone) to analyze the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Results: The expressions of IL-1β in superficial zone, middle zone and deep zone of articular cartilage of KBD group(63.50 ± 7.19, 54.75 ± 5.50, 66.20 ± 9.91) were significandy higher than those of control group (5.75 ±1.26, 0.00 ± 0.00, 0.00 ± 0.00, all P < 0.05). The expression of IL-6 in superficial zone of articular cartilage in KBD group(55.25 ± 6.24) was significandy higher than that of control group (0.00 ± 0.00, P < 0.05). The expressions of TNF-a in all zone of articular cartilage of KBD group(33.25 ± 6.50, 3.75 ± 0.96, 29.80 ± 1.92) were significantly higher than those of control group (3.74 ± 0.82, 0.00 ± 0.00, 0.00 ± 0.00, all P < 0.05), Conclusion: The levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α are up-regulated in articular cartilage of KBD children, suggesting that cytokines may play an important role in matrix degradation in KBD children cartilage.
{"title":"Expressions of interleukin-1β,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in articular cartilage of children with Kashin-Beck disease","authors":"Chen Chen, Jinghong Chen, Jun-ling Cao, Wei Wang, Zeng-tie Zhang, Zhan-tian Yang, Bo-quan Yu, Tian-you Ma","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2014.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.2095-4255.2014.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the expressions of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) in cartilage of children with Kashin-Beck disease(KBD) in order to provide a possible mechanism of the disease. Methods: Articular cartilage tissues of 5 KBD children(KBD group) were selected from KBD children autopsy samples keeping in Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University; articular cartilage tissues of 5 normal children(control group) were selected from non-KBD areas of Shaanxi Province, three cases were from accident death children, two cases were the samples of congential malformation of six finger. Expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the cartilage were detected using immunohistochemistry; the cells of articular cartilage were divided into three areas (superficial zone, middle zone and deep zone) to analyze the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Results: The expressions of IL-1β in superficial zone, middle zone and deep zone of articular cartilage of KBD group(63.50 ± 7.19, 54.75 ± 5.50, 66.20 ± 9.91) were significandy higher than those of control group (5.75 ±1.26, 0.00 ± 0.00, 0.00 ± 0.00, all P < 0.05). The expression of IL-6 in superficial zone of articular cartilage in KBD group(55.25 ± 6.24) was significandy higher than that of control group (0.00 ± 0.00, P < 0.05). The expressions of TNF-a in all zone of articular cartilage of KBD group(33.25 ± 6.50, 3.75 ± 0.96, 29.80 ± 1.92) were significantly higher than those of control group (3.74 ± 0.82, 0.00 ± 0.00, 0.00 ± 0.00, all P < 0.05), Conclusion: The levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α are up-regulated in articular cartilage of KBD children, suggesting that cytokines may play an important role in matrix degradation in KBD children cartilage.","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"338 1","pages":"363-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76386515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-20DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.06.025
Suo-ping Fan, Xingtao Li, Weihong Li, Cui-hong An, Xian-hu Kang, Lixia Huo
Objective To investigate the constitution,density changes and carrier rate about Yersinia pestis of rodents in plague foci,and to provide the scientific evidence for plague prevention.Methods According to the program of national monitoring plague,two survey procedures,namely quadrat of single-ha for 24 h and 5 m mouse jam,were used to monitor the host animals; culture and identification of Yersinia pestis in liver or spleen of the experimental animals was carried out by using self-made medium in the north of Beiyuanzi village in Dingbian town Shaanxi province.Results One hundred twelve rodents were captured using the first procedures and the rodent average density was 8.62 ind./hm2 and six species of rodents were found namely Meriones unguiculatus ( 100 individuals),Microtusfortis(5 individuals),Ochotona daurica(3 individuals),Meriones meridianus (2 individuals),Mus musculus Linnaeus (1 individual) and Cricetulus barabensis (1 individual).One hundred seventy-three field mouses were captured using the second procedures including Mus musculus Linnaeus (136 individuals),Cricetulus barabensis (36 individuals),and Microtus fortis ( 1 individual ).Among them,Microtus fortis was found in the salt marshes in the southern edge of Ordos Plateau steppe in plague area of Dingbian county.Yersinia pestis was not identified in all animals.Conclusions Microtus fortis is found in natural foci of plague in Shaanxi province for the first time,and a new geographic region was found.Its epidemiological significance needs further study. Key words: Yersinia pestis ; Epidemiology; Microtus fortis
{"title":"Ecology survey of Microtus fortis in natural foci of plague in Dingbian town Shaanxi province in 2010","authors":"Suo-ping Fan, Xingtao Li, Weihong Li, Cui-hong An, Xian-hu Kang, Lixia Huo","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.06.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-4955.2011.06.025","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To investigate the constitution,density changes and carrier rate about Yersinia pestis of rodents in plague foci,and to provide the scientific evidence for plague prevention.Methods According to the program of national monitoring plague,two survey procedures,namely quadrat of single-ha for 24 h and 5 m mouse jam,were used to monitor the host animals; culture and identification of Yersinia pestis in liver or spleen of the experimental animals was carried out by using self-made medium in the north of Beiyuanzi village in Dingbian town Shaanxi province.Results One hundred twelve rodents were captured using the first procedures and the rodent average density was 8.62 ind./hm2 and six species of rodents were found namely Meriones unguiculatus ( 100 individuals),Microtusfortis(5 individuals),Ochotona daurica(3 individuals),Meriones meridianus (2 individuals),Mus musculus Linnaeus (1 individual) and Cricetulus barabensis (1 individual).One hundred seventy-three field mouses were captured using the second procedures including Mus musculus Linnaeus (136 individuals),Cricetulus barabensis (36 individuals),and Microtus fortis ( 1 individual ).Among them,Microtus fortis was found in the salt marshes in the southern edge of Ordos Plateau steppe in plague area of Dingbian county.Yersinia pestis was not identified in all animals.Conclusions Microtus fortis is found in natural foci of plague in Shaanxi province for the first time,and a new geographic region was found.Its epidemiological significance needs further study. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Yersinia pestis ; Epidemiology; Microtus fortis","PeriodicalId":55880,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology","volume":"67 1","pages":"684-686"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90876982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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