Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.31577/aassav.2021.30.2.05
Karol Sorby Jr.
One of the landmarks in the history of modern Iraq is the coup or revolution of 17–30 July 1968. The unfulfilled promises to establish a democratic and humane political system angered many Iraqis. A group of bathist officers led by Brigadier Aḥmad Ḥasan al-Bakr (who had been prime minister of Iraq in the years 1963–1964) decided to topple the regime. They returned to power by accomplishing two coups, one on 17 July and the other on 30 July 1968. In both instances, they prevailed by stratagem rather than through force. The victorious Socialist Party of Arab Resurrection (Ḥizb al-bath al-arabī al-ishtirākī), commonly known as the Bath Party, created a Revolutionary Command Council under the chairmanship of Aḥmad Ḥasan al-Bakr. The RCC assumed unlimited power in the country and Ṣaddām Ḥusayn at-Tikrītī became its Vice Chairman.
{"title":"ṢADDĀM ḤUSAYN’S ROUTE TO THE TOP IN IRAQ, 1976 – 1980","authors":"Karol Sorby Jr.","doi":"10.31577/aassav.2021.30.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/aassav.2021.30.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"One of the landmarks in the history of modern Iraq is the coup or revolution of 17–30 July 1968. The unfulfilled promises to establish a democratic and humane political system angered many Iraqis. A group of bathist officers led by Brigadier Aḥmad Ḥasan al-Bakr (who had been prime minister of Iraq in the years 1963–1964) decided to topple the regime. They returned to power by accomplishing two coups, one on 17 July and the other on 30 July 1968. In both instances, they prevailed by stratagem rather than through force. The victorious Socialist Party of Arab Resurrection (Ḥizb al-bath al-arabī al-ishtirākī), commonly known as the Bath Party, created a Revolutionary Command Council under the chairmanship of Aḥmad Ḥasan al-Bakr. The RCC assumed unlimited power in the country and Ṣaddām Ḥusayn at-Tikrītī became its Vice Chairman.","PeriodicalId":55909,"journal":{"name":"Asian and African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79157297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.31577/aassav.2021.30.2.03
A. Maśko
{"title":"INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE ACTS OF REMEMBERING IN TWO NOVELS ABOUT FAYLI KURDS BY DIASPORIC IRAQI WOMEN WRITERS","authors":"A. Maśko","doi":"10.31577/aassav.2021.30.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/aassav.2021.30.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55909,"journal":{"name":"Asian and African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76732739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.31577/aassav.2021.30.2.07
D. Magdolen
This article deals with the interpretation of an ideographically written epithet of Anubis and its possible phonetic transliteration and reading. The list of epithets of Anubis occurs in the inner inscriptions of the ancient Egyptian coffin of Merneby in Bratislava. They were written on the bottom of the coffin lid as well as the coffin trough. In regard to the specific role of Anubis in ancient Egyptian religion it is argued that the epithet in question, partly written in an abbreviated ideographical form, may identify Anubis as a lord (nb) of the divine sancturary or shrine (STyt or kAr), purification tent (ibw), burial (qrst), coffin (qrsw) or chest (hn).
{"title":"SOME NOTES ON AN EPITHET OF ANUBIS FROM THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN COFFIN OF MERNEBY IN BRATISLAVA","authors":"D. Magdolen","doi":"10.31577/aassav.2021.30.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/aassav.2021.30.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the interpretation of an ideographically written epithet of Anubis and its possible phonetic transliteration and reading. The list of epithets of Anubis occurs in the inner inscriptions of the ancient Egyptian coffin of Merneby in Bratislava. They were written on the bottom of the coffin lid as well as the coffin trough. In regard to the specific role of Anubis in ancient Egyptian religion it is argued that the epithet in question, partly written in an abbreviated ideographical form, may identify Anubis as a lord (nb) of the divine sancturary or shrine (STyt or kAr), purification tent (ibw), burial (qrst), coffin (qrsw) or chest (hn).","PeriodicalId":55909,"journal":{"name":"Asian and African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88655803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.31577/aassav.2021.30.2.08
Fiona Sophia Brown, Z. Gažáková
{"title":"THE LIFE AND LEGACY OF PROFESSOR LADISLAV DROZDÍK","authors":"Fiona Sophia Brown, Z. Gažáková","doi":"10.31577/aassav.2021.30.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/aassav.2021.30.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55909,"journal":{"name":"Asian and African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76516033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.31577/aassav.2021.30.2.09
K. Smoláriková, J. Hudec
This contribution deals with the discovery of the torso of a royal statue in Duweym Wad Haj. The site might have a significant position on the route between Gebel Barkal and Meroe, via the Bayuda Desert. During the 2019 season the lower part of a seated life-size statue was discovered there by a survey. It represents a king wearing a short royal shendyt kilt, seated on a throne/chair of a rectangular shape. Its left side is concave and without decoration, the right one is broken. There is no inscription on the back pillar, because the statue was only roughly hewn in this part. It seems that the statue remained unfinished owing to a crack in the stone material. It is possible to presume that a sculpture workshop may have existed on the Duweym site during the Kushite period. However, it is also possible that the stone material was brought to Duweym from other sites, such as Sanam, Ghazali or Gebel Barkal.
{"title":"THE LOWER TORSO OF A GRANITE ROYAL STATUE FROM DUWEYM WAD HAJ","authors":"K. Smoláriková, J. Hudec","doi":"10.31577/aassav.2021.30.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/aassav.2021.30.2.09","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution deals with the discovery of the torso of a royal statue in Duweym Wad Haj. The site might have a significant position on the route between Gebel Barkal and Meroe, via the Bayuda Desert. During the 2019 season the lower part of a seated life-size statue was discovered there by a survey. It represents a king wearing a short royal shendyt kilt, seated on a throne/chair of a rectangular shape. Its left side is concave and without decoration, the right one is broken. There is no inscription on the back pillar, because the statue was only roughly hewn in this part. It seems that the statue remained unfinished owing to a crack in the stone material. It is possible to presume that a sculpture workshop may have existed on the Duweym site during the Kushite period. However, it is also possible that the stone material was brought to Duweym from other sites, such as Sanam, Ghazali or Gebel Barkal.","PeriodicalId":55909,"journal":{"name":"Asian and African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86311631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.31577/AASSAV.2021.30.1.01
A. Andrason
This paper contributes to the study of the structural distinctiveness of the category of ideophony. The author analyzes the extent to which Xhosa ideophones exhibit the so-called extra-systematic properties, which cross-linguistically tend to distinguish ideophones from other lexical classes. The analysis demonstrates that ideophones are relatively extra-systematic in Xhosa, although their extra-systematicity is not unitary. It is the largest in morphology, slightly less visible in phonology, and only residual in syntax. It is proposed that the distinct degrees of extrasystematicity are related to differences in grammaticalization and a gradual integration of ideophones into the Xhosa grammar – with the adjustment in syntax occurring faster than the morphological adaptation. In this paper – the second in a series of two articles – the author introduces evidence related to syntax, answers the research question, and explains the contributions of this research to the general theory of ideophony.
{"title":"IDEOPHONES AS LINGUISTIC “REBELS”: THE EXTRA-SYSTEMATICITY OF IDEOPHONES IN XHOSA – Part II","authors":"A. Andrason","doi":"10.31577/AASSAV.2021.30.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/AASSAV.2021.30.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the study of the structural distinctiveness of the category of ideophony. The author analyzes the extent to which Xhosa ideophones exhibit the so-called extra-systematic properties, which cross-linguistically tend to distinguish ideophones from other lexical classes. The analysis demonstrates that ideophones are relatively extra-systematic in Xhosa, although their extra-systematicity is not unitary. It is the largest in morphology, slightly less visible in phonology, and only residual in syntax. It is proposed that the distinct degrees of extrasystematicity are related to differences in grammaticalization and a gradual integration of ideophones into the Xhosa grammar – with the adjustment in syntax occurring faster than the morphological adaptation. In this paper – the second in a series of two articles – the author introduces evidence related to syntax, answers the research question, and explains the contributions of this research to the general theory of ideophony.","PeriodicalId":55909,"journal":{"name":"Asian and African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88259087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.31577/AASSAV.2021.30.1.12
Lucia Pawliková
{"title":"BUCKOVA, Martina et al. Reflexia mytologických motívov v duchovnej a materiálnej kultúre národov Ázie, Afriky a Oceánie [Reflections on Mythological Motifs in the Spiritual and Material Culture of Nations of Asia, Africa and Oceania]","authors":"Lucia Pawliková","doi":"10.31577/AASSAV.2021.30.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/AASSAV.2021.30.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55909,"journal":{"name":"Asian and African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77355048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.31577/AASSAV.2021.30.1.09
P. Zemánek
This paper is inspired by the dichotomy in the characteristics of the terms ahl al-ḏimma ‘people under protection’ designating the religious groups under the protection of an Islamic administration, and ahl al-kitāb ‘people of the Book’ used for the religious groups who have a revealed scripture (the Old or New Testaments, the Avesta) in the modern literature on Islam, where the prevailing narrative sees them as two separate terms whereas some studies point to their near synonymy. Our study is based on the behaviour of the two concepts in works of classical Arabic literature (based on the CLAUDia historical corpus of Arabic). On the grounds of the collocations connected with the two concepts, the data supports the thesis of two distinct terms with rather little contextual overlap, where ahl al-ḏimma is used mainly for practical and formal aspects of the life of the above-described people within Islamic society, and ahl al-kitāb serves as a designation of the representatives of opposing religions in theological debates.
本文的灵感来自于二分法的特点而言ahl al -ḏimma“人们受到保护”指定的宗教团体的保护下一个伊斯兰政府,ahl al-kitāb的这本书的人用于宗教团体有了圣经(旧约和新约,波斯古经)在伊斯兰教现代文学的主流叙事将他们视为两个独立的而一些研究指出其同义附近。我们的研究是基于这两个概念在经典阿拉伯文学作品中的行为(基于克劳迪娅阿拉伯语历史语料库)。基于与这两个概念相关的搭配，数据支持两个不同术语的论点，上下文重叠很少，其中ahl al-ḏimma主要用于上述伊斯兰社会中人们生活的实际和正式方面，而ahl al-kitāb在神学辩论中用作对立宗教代表的名称。
{"title":"AHL AL-ḎIMMA VS. AHL AL-KITĀB IN ISLAM: SYNONYMS OR DIFFERENT TERMS?","authors":"P. Zemánek","doi":"10.31577/AASSAV.2021.30.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/AASSAV.2021.30.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is inspired by the dichotomy in the characteristics of the terms ahl al-ḏimma ‘people under protection’ designating the religious groups under the protection of an Islamic administration, and ahl al-kitāb ‘people of the Book’ used for the religious groups who have a revealed scripture (the Old or New Testaments, the Avesta) in the modern literature on Islam, where the prevailing narrative sees them as two separate terms whereas some studies point to their near synonymy. Our study is based on the behaviour of the two concepts in works of classical Arabic literature (based on the CLAUDia historical corpus of Arabic). On the grounds of the collocations connected with the two concepts, the data supports the thesis of two distinct terms with rather little contextual overlap, where ahl al-ḏimma is used mainly for practical and formal aspects of the life of the above-described people within Islamic society, and ahl al-kitāb serves as a designation of the representatives of opposing religions in theological debates.","PeriodicalId":55909,"journal":{"name":"Asian and African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74655740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.31577/AASSAV.2021.30.1.08
R. Snir
This article examines the emergence of the modern Arabic literary writing of the Jews of Iraq and, after only a few decades, the start of its demise, in both Iraq and outside it, and then the switch to writing in Hebrew in Israel. The high point of such writing in Arabic was during the 1920s when Iraqi-Jews started to produce literary works that “were Arabic in essence and expression.” It was a secular literature, inspired by a cultural vision whose most eloquent dictum was “religion is for God, the fatherland is for everyone.” However, during recent decades the Arabic literature that 20-century Iraqi-Jews have produced has been totally relegated to the margins of Arabic culture. This development was due not only to political and national circumstances but also to the aesthetic and cultural norms of both Arabic-Muslim and Hebrew-Jewish cultural systems. The vision embedded in the aforementioned dictum was the product of a very limited period, a very confined space, and a very singular history. It lived to the age of a sturdy human being, by this rare combination of time, space and history, before disappearing and being forgotten, at least for the foreseeable future.
{"title":"“IF I FORGET THEE, O BAGHDAD”: THE DEMISE OF ARAB-JEWISH IDENTITY AND CULTURE","authors":"R. Snir","doi":"10.31577/AASSAV.2021.30.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/AASSAV.2021.30.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the emergence of the modern Arabic literary writing of the Jews of Iraq and, after only a few decades, the start of its demise, in both Iraq and outside it, and then the switch to writing in Hebrew in Israel. The high point of such writing in Arabic was during the 1920s when Iraqi-Jews started to produce literary works that “were Arabic in essence and expression.” It was a secular literature, inspired by a cultural vision whose most eloquent dictum was “religion is for God, the fatherland is for everyone.” However, during recent decades the Arabic literature that 20-century Iraqi-Jews have produced has been totally relegated to the margins of Arabic culture. This development was due not only to political and national circumstances but also to the aesthetic and cultural norms of both Arabic-Muslim and Hebrew-Jewish cultural systems. The vision embedded in the aforementioned dictum was the product of a very limited period, a very confined space, and a very singular history. It lived to the age of a sturdy human being, by this rare combination of time, space and history, before disappearing and being forgotten, at least for the foreseeable future.","PeriodicalId":55909,"journal":{"name":"Asian and African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81450204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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