Anna Carolina Marques Ayres Calaresi, Anna Luiza Marques Ayres da Silva
The present study aims to relate clays’ technical aspects to the traditional popular ceramics manufacture carried out for generations by the Association of Artisans of Apiaí artisans in Vale do Ribeira (Brazil). The Vale do Ribeira is considered a cultural and natural World Heritage site by UNESCO. The clays’ chemical-mineralogical, technological, and ceramic properties were important in defining the aesthetic characteristics of artistic work and in selecting of a specific execution method. The methodology comprises extensive bibliographic research; field visits for data and clay samples collection to survey their characteristics in the laboratory, and the comparison of results. Adequacy between experimentation and technical knowledge was proven. This study is also expected to help disseminate and enhance Apiaí’s artistic, cultural, and historical heritage and encourage the development of public policies for cultural preservation in Vale do Ribeira.
{"title":"Apiaí’s popular Brazilian ceramics: cultural heritage preservation through a technical approach","authors":"Anna Carolina Marques Ayres Calaresi, Anna Luiza Marques Ayres da Silva","doi":"10.14568/cp2020071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14568/cp2020071","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to relate clays’ technical aspects to the traditional popular ceramics manufacture carried out for generations by the Association of Artisans of Apiaí artisans in Vale do Ribeira (Brazil). The Vale do Ribeira is considered a cultural and natural World Heritage site by UNESCO. The clays’ chemical-mineralogical, technological, and ceramic properties were important in defining the aesthetic characteristics of artistic work and in selecting of a specific execution method. The methodology comprises extensive bibliographic research; field visits for data and clay samples collection to survey their characteristics in the laboratory, and the comparison of results. Adequacy between experimentation and technical knowledge was proven. This study is also expected to help disseminate and enhance Apiaí’s artistic, cultural, and historical heritage and encourage the development of public policies for cultural preservation in Vale do Ribeira.","PeriodicalId":55942,"journal":{"name":"Conservar Patrimonio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44046191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giuseppe Agulli, N. Proença, M. Revez, Marta Raposo
Given its impact on the perception of observers, the reintegration of lacunae in works of pictorial art is one of the most delicate and debated conservation-restoration actions. This text describes the methodology that guided the technical choices regarding the chromatic reintegration of the lacunae and the protective finishing of the mural surfaces in the Nossa Senhora da Piedade (Our Lady of Mercy) Hermitage, in Loulé. Additional reference is made to the way in which those choices/methodology articulated the symbolic and religious values of the hermitage paintings with the ethical and deontological principles of conservation-restoration. Although the type of intervention and its final outcome should always be discussed with the stakeholders, and eventual consultants, technical choices will necessarily be made by the conservator-restorer, who must therefore have training, experience and sensitivity adequate to the critical analysis required by this type of decision making.
鉴于其对观察者感知的影响，绘画艺术作品中空隙的重新整合是最微妙和最具争议的保护修复行动之一。这篇文章描述了在卢勒维尔的Nossa Senhora da Piedade(仁慈的圣母)修道院，指导关于空间的色彩整合和壁画表面的保护性整理的技术选择的方法。另外还提到了这些选择/方法是如何将隐居画的象征和宗教价值与保护修复的伦理和道义原则结合起来的。虽然干预的类型及其最终结果应始终与利益攸关者和最终的顾问讨论，但技术选择必须由修复者和修复者作出，因此他们必须受过训练、经验和敏感，足以进行这种类型的决策所需的批判性分析。
{"title":"Retouching the wall paintings of the Nossa Senhora da Piedade Hermitage, Loulé: technical choices","authors":"Giuseppe Agulli, N. Proença, M. Revez, Marta Raposo","doi":"10.14568/cp2021016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14568/cp2021016","url":null,"abstract":"Given its impact on the perception of observers, the reintegration of lacunae in works of pictorial art is one of the most delicate and debated conservation-restoration actions. This text describes the methodology that guided the technical choices regarding the chromatic reintegration of the lacunae and the protective finishing of the mural surfaces in the Nossa Senhora da Piedade (Our Lady of Mercy) Hermitage, in Loulé. Additional reference is made to the way in which those choices/methodology articulated the symbolic and religious values of the hermitage paintings with the ethical and deontological principles of conservation-restoration. Although the type of intervention and its final outcome should always be discussed with the stakeholders, and eventual consultants, technical choices will necessarily be made by the conservator-restorer, who must therefore have training, experience and sensitivity adequate to the critical analysis required by this type of decision making.","PeriodicalId":55942,"journal":{"name":"Conservar Patrimonio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44058076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This communication analyzes the results of the mineralogical and petrographic characterization of the rendering and masonry mortars from Cifuentes Castle. The castle has five towers, a 400 m2 courtyard and an Islamic influence main door. During the centuries several modifications have been done, reaching nowadays a state of almost abandonment. As part of a broader study of the materials and conservation state of the castle, this study allows us to differentiate several types of mortars that correlate with different construction periods of the monument: the core of the masonry of the courtyard wall made with gypsum mortar, and possibly with an Islamic origin; the main construction period of the castle, that used lime mortars with clay impurities and ceramic fragments; a reparations period with lime mortars that get thicker the core masonry of the courtyard; and a final rendering with lime and gypsum mortar finished with a layer of gray gypsum mortar.
{"title":"The historical mortars of the castle of Cifuentes (Guadalajara, Spain)","authors":"Cristina Mayo Corrochano, David Sanz Arauz","doi":"10.14568/cp2020061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14568/cp2020061","url":null,"abstract":"This communication analyzes the results of the mineralogical and petrographic characterization of the rendering and masonry mortars from Cifuentes Castle. The castle has five towers, a 400 m2 courtyard and an Islamic influence main door. During the centuries several modifications have been done, reaching nowadays a state of almost abandonment. As part of a broader study of the materials and conservation state of the castle, this study allows us to differentiate several types of mortars that correlate with different construction periods of the monument: the core of the masonry of the courtyard wall made with gypsum mortar, and possibly with an Islamic origin; the main construction period of the castle, that used lime mortars with clay impurities and ceramic fragments; a reparations period with lime mortars that get thicker the core masonry of the courtyard; and a final rendering with lime and gypsum mortar finished with a layer of gray gypsum mortar.","PeriodicalId":55942,"journal":{"name":"Conservar Patrimonio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44383466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María del Cisne Aguirre Ullauri, Martha Romero Bastidas, Johanna Ramírez Bustamante, Edison Castillo Carchipulla
Ceramic brick as a building material is used in many civilizations worldwide. In the case of the Historic Center of Cuenca (Ecuador), it dates back to colonial times and remains as a determining factor in local identity. However, beyond the productive tradition, its technical conditions of knowledge, use, and conservation are limited. In this context, the present research resorts to analytical techniques to characterize the raw material and solid brick from historical production and historical supply sites. It is determined that there are significant variations in composition, physical and mechanical behavior and durability. Thus, the low compressive strength (x̄ = 5,87 MPa) and low bending strength (x̄ = 0,13 MPa), high open porosity (36–37 %) and water absorption (17–20 %), open an important discussion on the conservation conditions of the numerous heritage buildings built in brick, as well as on the implications for the artisanal production process.
{"title":"The handmade brick of Cuenca (Ecuador): an initial characterisation within the heritage framework","authors":"María del Cisne Aguirre Ullauri, Martha Romero Bastidas, Johanna Ramírez Bustamante, Edison Castillo Carchipulla","doi":"10.14568/cp26915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14568/cp26915","url":null,"abstract":"Ceramic brick as a building material is used in many civilizations worldwide. In the case of the Historic Center of Cuenca (Ecuador), it dates back to colonial times and remains as a determining factor in local identity. However, beyond the productive tradition, its technical conditions of knowledge, use, and conservation are limited. In this context, the present research resorts to analytical techniques to characterize the raw material and solid brick from historical production and historical supply sites. It is determined that there are significant variations in composition, physical and mechanical behavior and durability. Thus, the low compressive strength (x̄ = 5,87 MPa) and low bending strength (x̄ = 0,13 MPa), high open porosity (36–37 %) and water absorption (17–20 %), open an important discussion on the conservation conditions of the numerous heritage buildings built in brick, as well as on the implications for the artisanal production process.","PeriodicalId":55942,"journal":{"name":"Conservar Patrimonio","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66722036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena García Martínez, Maria Carmen Pascual Marcos
Cultural heritage institutions, such as archives, libraries, or museums commonly own collections composed of numerous objects, which, due to their large number are not subject to regular and systematic condition monitoring. In the industrial field, inspection standards to evaluate the quality of products have already been developed and certified, based on the evaluation of random pieces. The present research aimed to adapt one of those industrial standards to monitor the conservation condition of vast cultural heritage collections. We used, as a test subject, a numismatic collection composed of 22777 iron coins minted during the Spanish Second Republic. In our first inspection (2018), 1520 coins were sampled according to the industrial standard. Assessment and recording of the conservation condition was carried out through image analysis and coin weighing. In our second inspection (2020- 2021) no significant deterioration of the coins was detected. This second inspection also corroborated the effectiveness of the implemented monitoring protocol.
{"title":"Design and implementation of protocols for monitoring the condition of vast collections: the case of the treasure of the Spanish Civil War","authors":"Elena García Martínez, Maria Carmen Pascual Marcos","doi":"10.14568/cp25257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14568/cp25257","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural heritage institutions, such as archives, libraries, or museums commonly own collections composed of numerous objects, which, due to their large number are not subject to regular and systematic condition monitoring. In the industrial field, inspection standards to evaluate the quality of products have already been developed and certified, based on the evaluation of random pieces. The present research aimed to adapt one of those industrial standards to monitor the conservation condition of vast cultural heritage collections. We used, as a test subject, a numismatic collection composed of 22777 iron coins minted during the Spanish Second Republic. In our first inspection (2018), 1520 coins were sampled according to the industrial standard. Assessment and recording of the conservation condition was carried out through image analysis and coin weighing. In our second inspection (2020- 2021) no significant deterioration of the coins was detected. This second inspection also corroborated the effectiveness of the implemented monitoring protocol.","PeriodicalId":55942,"journal":{"name":"Conservar Patrimonio","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66721370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isabel Pombo Cardoso, T. Quilhó, Vicelina Sousa, Sara Santana de Sá, Susana França de Sá
The material and technical study of the anthropomorphic coffin (No. Inv. MAC/MUM.1) belonging to the Archaeological Museum of Carmo, in Lisbon, Portugal, carried out by an interdisciplinary team, sought to complete the existing textual and iconographic study on the same coffin, as well as rectify and complete the data from another partial technical study. According to previous studies, the coffin was produced between the Low Period and the beginning of the Ptolemaic period (6th to 2nd centuries BCE), possibly in Akhmim. This work presents results regarding the coffin’s wooden support and polychromy, as well as its current state of conservation. It involved the macro and microscopic examination of the object and the analytical characterization of micro-samples by XRF, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR-ATR, and SEM. The materials identified both in polychromy and in the production of the support indicate the use of materials traditional from the Pharaonic Egypt.
{"title":"The Egyptian coffin from the Archaeological Museum of Carmo: material and technical study","authors":"Isabel Pombo Cardoso, T. Quilhó, Vicelina Sousa, Sara Santana de Sá, Susana França de Sá","doi":"10.14568/cp26559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14568/cp26559","url":null,"abstract":"The material and technical study of the anthropomorphic coffin (No. Inv. MAC/MUM.1) belonging to the Archaeological Museum of Carmo, in Lisbon, Portugal, carried out by an interdisciplinary team, sought to complete the existing textual and iconographic study on the same coffin, as well as rectify and complete the data from another partial technical study. According to previous studies, the coffin was produced between the Low Period and the beginning of the Ptolemaic period (6th to 2nd centuries BCE), possibly in Akhmim. This work presents results regarding the coffin’s wooden support and polychromy, as well as its current state of conservation. It involved the macro and microscopic examination of the object and the analytical characterization of micro-samples by XRF, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR-ATR, and SEM. The materials identified both in polychromy and in the production of the support indicate the use of materials traditional from the Pharaonic Egypt.","PeriodicalId":55942,"journal":{"name":"Conservar Patrimonio","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66721590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is widely acknowledged that in the last few decades, culture has been playing an increasing role in urban regeneration. However, particularly in the realm of urban policy, the understanding of what culture is seems to be too narrow, often excluding vernacular culture. Why should vernacular culture be incorporated into urban policy and can it effectively contribute to the promotion of urban regeneration? Our case study is on Marvila and Beato (in Lisbon, Portugal), two parishes that share an industrial past and that were neglected in recent decades, but that are currently undergoing a regeneration process. Using the methodology proposed by Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES), we combine both qualitative and quantitative methodologies: a historical and observational approach and a questionnaire survey. Results show that not only tangible but also intangible heritage are key to designing an urban regeneration policy and this requires higher participation by the community and local actors.
{"title":"Sustainable urban regeneration: the role of cultural heritage in Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES)","authors":"Diana Soeiro, Roberto Falanga","doi":"10.14568/cp2020042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14568/cp2020042","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely acknowledged that in the last few decades, culture has been playing an increasing role in urban regeneration. However, particularly in the realm of urban policy, the understanding of what culture is seems to be too narrow, often excluding vernacular culture. Why should vernacular culture be incorporated into urban policy and can it effectively contribute to the promotion of urban regeneration? Our case study is on Marvila and Beato (in Lisbon, Portugal), two parishes that share an industrial past and that were neglected in recent decades, but that are currently undergoing a regeneration process. Using the methodology proposed by Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES), we combine both qualitative and quantitative methodologies: a historical and observational approach and a questionnaire survey. Results show that not only tangible but also intangible heritage are key to designing an urban regeneration policy and this requires higher participation by the community and local actors.","PeriodicalId":55942,"journal":{"name":"Conservar Patrimonio","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66720921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research presents a comprehensive conservation plan for the private and own collection of the Basque artist Nestor Basterretxea. The works are stored in his farmhouse, which lacks climate controls and storage system. For the planning of a comprehensive conservation proposal for the collection, the limited resources of a particular must be taken into account and the proposals must be adapted to the real possibilities of the space, guaranteeing the conservation of the collection. During the storage process, different approaches on how to treat the artworks emerged during the development of the conservation plan, especially marked by exhibitions in museums and galleries. The need for curative conservation interventions or restoration treatments is decided according to the criteria of restoration in contemporary art.
{"title":"Conservation problems and solutions in private collections: intervention in the Basque artist Nestor Basterretxea's own collection","authors":"Katrin Alberdi Egües","doi":"10.14568/cp26221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14568/cp26221","url":null,"abstract":"This research presents a comprehensive conservation plan for the private and own collection of the Basque artist Nestor Basterretxea. The works are stored in his farmhouse, which lacks climate controls and storage system. For the planning of a comprehensive conservation proposal for the collection, the limited resources of a particular must be taken into account and the proposals must be adapted to the real possibilities of the space, guaranteeing the conservation of the collection. During the storage process, different approaches on how to treat the artworks emerged during the development of the conservation plan, especially marked by exhibitions in museums and galleries. The need for curative conservation interventions or restoration treatments is decided according to the criteria of restoration in contemporary art.","PeriodicalId":55942,"journal":{"name":"Conservar Patrimonio","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66721908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
International conservation policies have incorporated the urban dimension of heritage, which considers the city as a historical continuum connected with the territory. However, the social housing complexes built in Europe throughout the second half of the 20th century lack legal entities and tools for their protection. Urban rehabilitation policies have substituted the initial demolition-replacement processes, by way of combining and coordinating protective measures. The rehabilitation of the Caño Roto Housing Estate (Madrid 1994-2004), as a precursor of a type of intervention widespread in Spain, is analysed with the aim of finding the actors, tools and decisions, so that the model can be optimised in future operations. The heritage dimension involves the development of the necessary means to make possible the conservation and functional updating of the buildings, as well as the development of new cultural, socioeconomic and environmental values, in order to add sustainability to the urban environment.
{"title":"Public housing as urban heritage: experience and research approach in Spain","authors":"Noelia Cervero Sánchez","doi":"10.14568/cp26830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14568/cp26830","url":null,"abstract":"International conservation policies have incorporated the urban dimension of heritage, which considers the city as a historical continuum connected with the territory. However, the social housing complexes built in Europe throughout the second half of the 20th century lack legal entities and tools for their protection. Urban rehabilitation policies have substituted the initial demolition-replacement processes, by way of combining and coordinating protective measures. The rehabilitation of the Caño Roto Housing Estate (Madrid 1994-2004), as a precursor of a type of intervention widespread in Spain, is analysed with the aim of finding the actors, tools and decisions, so that the model can be optimised in future operations. The heritage dimension involves the development of the necessary means to make possible the conservation and functional updating of the buildings, as well as the development of new cultural, socioeconomic and environmental values, in order to add sustainability to the urban environment.","PeriodicalId":55942,"journal":{"name":"Conservar Patrimonio","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66721796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterisation of stucco marble coatings towards their preservation","authors":"M. T. Freire, A. Santos Silva, M. R. Veiga","doi":"10.14568/cp2020055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14568/cp2020055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55942,"journal":{"name":"Conservar Patrimonio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47667836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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