The cemetery of Jesus of Murcia (Spain) has more than 600 pantheons, which converts it in a small funerary city, whose buildings show a large spectrum of architectural samples. This paper presents an exhaustive study of the typologies and materials used in those little buildings. In addition, this investigation addresses the study of the evolution and the distribution of the typologies and materials detected, drawing conclusions about both of these aspects.
{"title":"Materiality and typology of funerary heritage. The Cemetery of Jesus in Murcia, Spain","authors":"José Marín-Nicolás, M. P. Sáez-Pérez","doi":"10.14568/cp2019007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14568/cp2019007","url":null,"abstract":"The cemetery of Jesus of Murcia (Spain) has more than 600 pantheons, which converts it in a small funerary city, whose buildings show a large spectrum of architectural samples. This paper presents an exhaustive study of the typologies and materials used in those little buildings. In addition, this investigation addresses the study of the evolution and the distribution of the typologies and materials detected, drawing conclusions about both of these aspects.","PeriodicalId":55942,"journal":{"name":"Conservar Patrimonio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47621715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Em conservação, os rebocos de terra podem ser utilizados como camadas de sacrifício. No entanto, a terra é vulnerável quando em contacto com a água. A aplicação de tratamentos superficiais ecológicos em rebocos de terra pode aumentar a sua durabilidade, ecoeficiência e gama de aplicações. Neste artigo avaliou-se o comportamento de um reboco de argamassa pré-doseada de terra aplicado in situ sobre muretes experimentais de alvenarias de adobe e de blocos de betão (em exposição exterior com proteção), e em condições controladas de laboratório, sobre tijolo furado, após um período de quatro anos de envelhecimento. Foram aplicados diversos tratamentos superficiais sobre os rebocos: óleo de linhaça, mucilagem de aloé vera e água da cozedura de massa e de arroz. Os rebocos foram caracterizados de forma não destrutiva. O tratamento superficial com óleo de linhaça apresenta bons resultados e melhora a durabilidade do reboco, conferindo-lhe adequada protecção contra a degradação natural.
{"title":"Avaliação do envelhecimento natural e de tratamentos superficiais ecológicos em rebocos de terra","authors":"T. Santos, R. Gomes, Paulina Faria","doi":"10.14568/co2019005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14568/co2019005","url":null,"abstract":"Em conservação, os rebocos de terra podem ser utilizados como camadas de sacrifício. No entanto, a terra é vulnerável quando em contacto com a água. A aplicação de tratamentos superficiais ecológicos em rebocos de terra pode aumentar a sua durabilidade, ecoeficiência e gama de aplicações. Neste artigo avaliou-se o comportamento de um reboco de argamassa pré-doseada de terra aplicado in situ sobre muretes experimentais de alvenarias de adobe e de blocos de betão (em exposição exterior com proteção), e em condições controladas de laboratório, sobre tijolo furado, após um período de quatro anos de envelhecimento. Foram aplicados diversos tratamentos superficiais sobre os rebocos: óleo de linhaça, mucilagem de aloé vera e água da cozedura de massa e de arroz. Os rebocos foram caracterizados de forma não destrutiva. O tratamento superficial com óleo de linhaça apresenta bons resultados e melhora a durabilidade do reboco, conferindo-lhe adequada protecção contra a degradação natural.","PeriodicalId":55942,"journal":{"name":"Conservar Patrimonio","volume":"35 1","pages":"31-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44483931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The conservation of modern metals–such as aluminium, stainless, and weathering steels–used as materials of contemporary works of art is a major challenge for conservators and curators. The recent application of these metals, in use since the beginning of the nineteenth century, makes for the lack of conservative measurements and conservation programs on such materials. In order to achieve this, a detailed identification, characterisation of the fabrication techniques, and the study of these metals’ deterioration is required. In her book, Virginia Costa embraces the hard challenge of bridging this gap.
{"title":"Book review: Virginia Costa, Modern Metals in Cultural Heritage, understanding and characterization, Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 2019, 136 p.","authors":"I. Tissot","doi":"10.14568/cp2019026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14568/cp2019026","url":null,"abstract":"The conservation of modern metals–such as aluminium, stainless, and weathering steels–used as materials of contemporary works of art is a major challenge for\u0000conservators and curators. The recent application of these metals, in use since the beginning of the nineteenth century, makes for the lack of conservative measurements and conservation programs on such materials. In order to achieve this, a detailed identification, characterisation of the fabrication techniques, and the study of these metals’ deterioration is required. In her book, Virginia Costa embraces the hard challenge of bridging this gap.","PeriodicalId":55942,"journal":{"name":"Conservar Patrimonio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48526934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In conservation, earth renders can be used as sacrificial coatings. However, earth presents vulnerability when in contact with water. The application of ecological surface treatments on earth renders can be of great relevance, ensuring their durability while increasing eco-efficiency and extending its range of applications. The behaviour of a ready-mixed earth render applied in situ, on adobe and concrete block masonry experimental walls exposed outdoors with protection, and under controlled laboratory conditions, on hollow bricks, was evaluated after four years. Several superficial treatments were applied on the renders: linseed oil, mucilage of aloe vera and pasta and rice cooking water. The renders were characterized by non-destructive tests. The surface treatment with linseed oil presents good results and improves the durability of the earth render, giving it adequate protection against natural degradation.
{"title":"Assessment of natural aging and ecological surface treatments in earth renders","authors":"T. Santos, R. Gomes, Paulina Faria","doi":"10.14568/cp2019005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14568/cp2019005","url":null,"abstract":"In conservation, earth renders can be used as sacrificial coatings. However, earth presents vulnerability when in contact with water. The application of ecological surface treatments on earth renders can be of great relevance, ensuring their durability while increasing eco-efficiency and extending its range of applications. The behaviour of a ready-mixed earth render applied in situ, on adobe and concrete block masonry experimental walls exposed outdoors with protection, and under controlled laboratory conditions, on hollow bricks, was evaluated after four years. Several superficial treatments were applied on the renders: linseed oil, mucilage of aloe vera and pasta and rice cooking water. The renders were characterized by non-destructive tests. The surface treatment with linseed oil presents good results and improves the durability of the earth render, giving it adequate protection against natural degradation.","PeriodicalId":55942,"journal":{"name":"Conservar Patrimonio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41708211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many times, records of the materials used by contemporary artists in their first works are scarce. If the work under study has been carried out during the artist youth, sometimes artists just remember to have used synthetic materials but no longer have memory of its specific type. In the last decades of the 20th century, vinyl-based synthetic paints marketed as Sabu paints, were sold at affordable prices making them popular among the students of Fine Arts as substitutes of more expensive acrylic paints. Using the ATR-FTIR spectroscopic technique it was possible to unequivocally distinguish acrylic from vinyl paints in two early works from Manuel Vilarinho and Pedro Cabrita Reis, both belonging to the collection of the Faculdade de Belas-Artes da Universidade de Lisboa. Samples from the first case painting presented the characteristic peaks of acrylic paints while those collected from the second case paint presented the characteristic peaks of Sabu paints.
{"title":"Identification of the type of paint, acrylic or vinyl, in works of two contemporary painters, Manuel Vilarinho and Pedro Cabrita Reis, by ATR-FTIR","authors":"M. E. Araújo, O. Pavlyshyn, A. N. Alves","doi":"10.14568/cp2018062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14568/cp2018062","url":null,"abstract":"Many times, records of the materials used by contemporary artists in their first works are scarce. If the work under study has been carried out during the artist youth, sometimes artists just remember to have used synthetic materials but no longer have memory of its specific type. In the last decades of the 20th century, vinyl-based synthetic paints marketed as Sabu paints, were sold at affordable prices making them popular among the students of Fine Arts as substitutes of more expensive acrylic paints. Using the ATR-FTIR spectroscopic technique it was possible to unequivocally distinguish acrylic from vinyl paints in two early works from Manuel Vilarinho and Pedro Cabrita Reis, both belonging to the collection of the Faculdade de Belas-Artes da Universidade de Lisboa. Samples from the first case painting presented the characteristic peaks of acrylic paints while those collected from the second case paint presented the characteristic peaks of Sabu paints.","PeriodicalId":55942,"journal":{"name":"Conservar Patrimonio","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66719975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tempera painting on canvas has played multiple functions throughout the history of painting. They were used to cover altars in Lent, to make canopies and ceilings for beds, to act as organ doors, etc. In the 19th century and in the earlier 20th century, they were used as adornment on walls of palaces and theatres, as well as sceneries in the latter ones. Generally, this kind of tempera painting shows large proportions, which demanded a specific methodology of execution. Treatises of the epoch display how the painter, provided with paintbrushes of long handles, as brooms, walked on the canvases while the execution lasted. At that time, pigments derived from the activity of modern industry were already in use, in combination with other materials traditionally used in the previous centuries. This article presents the working methodology and materials used in tempera painting on canvas, mainly during the 19th century, providing a knowledge base for this subject.
{"title":"Scenery painting in the 19th century in the context of tempera painting on canvas: methodology and materials","authors":"S. S. Gómez","doi":"10.14568/cp2018077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14568/cp2018077","url":null,"abstract":"Tempera painting on canvas has played multiple functions throughout the history of painting. They were used to cover altars in Lent, to make canopies and ceilings for beds, to act as organ doors, etc. In the 19th century and in the earlier 20th century, they were used as adornment on walls of palaces and theatres, as well as sceneries in the latter ones. Generally, this kind of tempera painting shows large proportions, which demanded a specific methodology of execution. Treatises of the epoch display how the painter, provided with paintbrushes of long handles, as brooms, walked on the canvases while the execution lasted. At that time, pigments derived from the activity of modern industry were already in use, in combination with other materials traditionally used in the previous centuries. This article presents the working methodology and materials used in tempera painting on canvas, mainly during the 19th century, providing a knowledge base for this subject.","PeriodicalId":55942,"journal":{"name":"Conservar Patrimonio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46235284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2013 new improvements took place at the storage areas of the national palaces of Pena, Queluz and Sintra administrated by Parques de Sintra?Monte da Lua. The initial goal was to achieve a better use of the little space available by building custom made polypropylene boxes so stacking up could be done safely. We tried to develop a system that was simple and easily repeatable so that identical materials, methods and organization principles could be followed in storage areas in spite of the different characteristics of existing objects. This paper aims to share practical aspects that were developed while searching for an optimal solution to adequately cushion and box museum objects. The ongoing assessment, carried out according to the agents of deterioration, triggered significant changes to the initial methodology. Results of the evaluation of the use of boxes to block or mitigate some agents of deterioration and their contribution to preventive conservation are presented. How these improvements also reflected in collection management and lead to a better use of the collections is also discussed.
2013年，佩纳、克鲁兹和辛特拉国家宫殿的储藏区进行了新的改进，这些宫殿由辛特拉公园管理。Monte da Lua。最初的目标是通过建造定制的聚丙烯盒子来更好地利用可用的小空间，这样可以安全地堆叠。我们试图开发一个简单且易于重复的系统，以便在存储区域中遵循相同的材料、方法和组织原则，尽管现有物体的特征不同。本文旨在分享在寻找最佳解决方案时开发的实用方面，以充分缓冲和包装博物馆物品。目前根据恶化因素进行的评估对最初的方法产生了重大变化。本文介绍了使用盒子来阻止或减轻某些退化因素及其对预防性保护的贡献的评估结果。本文还讨论了这些改进如何反映在集合管理中并导致更好地使用集合。
{"title":"Thinking inside the box: evaluation of polypropylene boxes for the storage of museum objects","authors":"Joana Rebordão Amaral","doi":"10.14568/cp2018058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14568/cp2018058","url":null,"abstract":"In 2013 new improvements took place at the storage areas of the national palaces of Pena, Queluz and Sintra administrated by Parques de Sintra?Monte da Lua. The initial goal was to achieve a better use of the little space available by building custom made polypropylene boxes so stacking up could be done safely. We tried to develop a system that was simple and easily repeatable so that identical materials, methods and organization principles could be followed in storage areas in spite of the different characteristics of existing objects. This paper aims to share practical aspects that were developed while searching for an optimal solution to adequately cushion and box museum objects. The ongoing assessment, carried out according to the agents of deterioration, triggered significant changes to the initial methodology. Results of the evaluation of the use of boxes to block or mitigate some agents of deterioration and their contribution to preventive conservation are presented. How these improvements also reflected in collection management and lead to a better use of the collections is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":55942,"journal":{"name":"Conservar Patrimonio","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66720175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical/University of Lisbon (IICT/UL), Portugal, holds the most important scientific collections from Portuguese-speaking African countries, which include anthropological, archaeological, ethnographic, mineralogical, botanical and zoological collections, as well as libraries and historical archives. The aim of this paper is to document the advances in conservation and management of IICT collections between 2005 and 2015, namely how the implementation of institutional initiatives created new challenges for the scientific community. After an overview of the IICT's scientific heritage since the creation of the Cartography Commission in 1883, we characterise several recent actions aimed at preserving and providing access to the collections. Considerations on the current preservation of the IICT collections are presented. It is argued that these collections are unique for tropical science and of critical importance for scientific cooperation with Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa.
{"title":"Legacy of the scientific collections of the Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, University of Lisbon: a critical review and outlook","authors":"Conceição Casanova","doi":"10.14568/cp2018040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14568/cp2018040","url":null,"abstract":"The Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical/University of Lisbon (IICT/UL), Portugal, holds the most important scientific collections from Portuguese-speaking African countries, which include anthropological, archaeological, ethnographic, mineralogical, botanical and zoological collections, as well as libraries and historical archives. The aim of this paper is to document the advances in conservation and management of IICT collections between 2005 and 2015, namely how the implementation of institutional initiatives created new challenges for the scientific community. After an overview of the IICT's scientific heritage since the creation of the Cartography Commission in 1883, we characterise several recent actions aimed at preserving and providing access to the collections. Considerations on the current preservation of the IICT collections are presented. It is argued that these collections are unique for tropical science and of critical importance for scientific cooperation with Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa.","PeriodicalId":55942,"journal":{"name":"Conservar Patrimonio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44754623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Like so many secondary schools, in Portugal and elsewhere, the Sebastião e Silva Secondary School in Oeiras has important scientific collections. These mainly encompass the Natural Sciences, Physics and Chemistry fields, and their significance is associated both with the memory and identity of the School, and with local pedagogic practices, contributing therefore to the history of sciences and education in Portugal. Moreover, they reflect the value given to these subjects by their host institution, for example, by the selection of materials which integrate the collection. The main purpose of the present essay is to explain the origins and context of the collection and its institutionalization as a museological nucleus of the School. The collection relevance and its immeasurable heritage value is a maker of a collective identity and memory of the School and the educational community. In the present paper implemented strategies of pedagogical interaction are discussed and, ultimately, problems and future perspectives are highlighted. A reflection is made about the relevance of this heritage in an era of digital technologies, as well as the main challenges in its preservation, study, interpretation and dissemination.
像葡萄牙和其他地方的许多中学一样，位于奥伊拉斯的sebasti o e Silva中学拥有重要的科学收藏品。这些主要包括自然科学、物理和化学领域，它们的重要性与学校的记忆和身份以及当地的教学实践有关，因此对葡萄牙的科学和教育历史做出了贡献。此外，它们反映了主办机构赋予这些主题的价值，例如，通过选择整合馆藏的材料。本文的主要目的是解释收藏的起源和背景，以及作为学校博物馆学核心的制度化。收藏相关性及其不可估量的遗产价值是学校和教育界的集体身份和记忆的创造者。在本文中，讨论了教学互动的实施策略，并最终强调了问题和未来的展望。本文对这些遗产在数字技术时代的相关性进行了反思，以及在保护、研究、解释和传播方面面临的主要挑战。
{"title":"The Valorization Program of the Cultural Heritage of Sebastião e Silva Secondary School, Oeiras","authors":"Maria Mota Almeida, C. Mendes, C. Fernandez","doi":"10.14568/cp2018041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14568/cp2018041","url":null,"abstract":"Like so many secondary schools, in Portugal and elsewhere, the Sebastião e Silva Secondary School in Oeiras has important scientific collections. These mainly encompass the Natural Sciences, Physics and Chemistry fields, and their significance is associated both with the memory and identity of the School, and with local pedagogic practices, contributing therefore to the history of sciences and education in Portugal. Moreover, they reflect the value given to these subjects by their host institution, for example, by the selection of materials which integrate the collection. The main purpose of the present essay is to explain the origins and context of the collection and its institutionalization as a museological nucleus of the School. The collection relevance and its immeasurable heritage value is a maker of a collective identity and memory of the School and the educational community. In the present paper implemented strategies of pedagogical interaction are discussed and, ultimately, problems and future perspectives are highlighted. A reflection is made about the relevance of this heritage in an era of digital technologies, as well as the main challenges in its preservation, study, interpretation and dissemination.","PeriodicalId":55942,"journal":{"name":"Conservar Patrimonio","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66719852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andalusi textiles developed a decorative repertoire of oriental origin. In the second half of twelfth century there was a change in textile decoration. This change has been associated with the religiosity of the Almohads, the new dynasty. Also, it has been considered that the textile production of the Nasrid period is unique and has been related to the architectural decoration, but the Andalusi textile production of the last centuries of the Middle Ages is related to the decorative changes that are produced from the dissemination of fabrics from central Asia, which influence the production of workshops in the Mediterranean Basin.
{"title":"Oriental patterns in Andalusi textile ornamentation. 13th-15th centuries","authors":"Laura Rodríguez Peinado","doi":"10.14568/CP2018026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14568/CP2018026","url":null,"abstract":"Andalusi textiles developed a decorative repertoire of oriental origin. In the second half of twelfth century there was a change in textile decoration. This change has been associated with the religiosity of the Almohads, the new dynasty. Also, it has been considered that the textile production of the Nasrid period is unique and has been related to the architectural decoration, but the Andalusi textile production of the last centuries of the Middle Ages is related to the decorative changes that are produced from the dissemination of fabrics from central Asia, which influence the production of workshops in the Mediterranean Basin.","PeriodicalId":55942,"journal":{"name":"Conservar Patrimonio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47006919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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